Newspapers / The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, … / Dec. 17, 1804, edition 1 / Page 1
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. ' i .. " - ' ; II .cofu" vtry easos- prfrrFF ZfthetiiflifE&sn&X&y Pode r vtig'it iainbtfietvven;iipoii-fu5 in- rd Coke; in his 2d InstiCufeypage SO,exppuedsfarJ J -ay Vntur; toVaffirpviiUcyond tfc ffii-K 'W" demiuficatibnunless'that .lndemrifieiti4o lbi? this sentehci to mean stop firornfoffavi In reach 6f the Assembly; and eannpt be taken from Ascertained ftf thenjanner I shall tioii fcere- ShowtPli5M' tutf nd JIar grave r?T PwtkihiyJ pass for the pur j " - ' Kffcr' faceto Littlen;,int?pufided toro '."''' such cass'asrt nottmbteby the jfidgm?ntb Neidierc v.?-:. r;i'.r? ' V V.i'1 r A ,1.,. fcirtWi m.Viti n.'. nfsl And Still van. cafre 491 and Dace cerwratVwt.. It is remarkable rW hi the loth t. i,: ii:l'--:.:T ,-t-fj'i'' tVll " ' T. -Vii ' . v. . '.. .. ,' 1' cuioupi ne puioi moms, the onl' 0rrv 1 - .. . s... ... v .iii,-rr-t -.Ti';T-,.Trir-"r i un ie i'o no lannertnan to Knew uu luckicuis- e otic cafinot X mike' ani ct diestine''6nc citizen of hw freei Mrwcir iho ulda balcalled into action;? It.caf Irdld and vesting It in another, Vven wUh "winr-lrt Cft t the e extenaea Dn'onoxn ,ppwe wj every eiistltig case of oeceBsitv. declare and enacts tbattucn emergeneids had ysutWity to exercUethii wedging ;iipo hrch power, beetirgeairom me jature.oii iiie Leij!afUre the social compact, anqirom we; worooiw are the public exigencies or necessities oi toe ConsUtutibit ) which that "the h66se vti tate as to auffiorise thent to take" the lan of A reprekn&tfves hatth cessarv fof',the,fX.eKUlaftirV:lre.! state or tW: eternal brinciblesrbf iiistice as well is the commopweaito ; aoejr, atnH wyo iwcii mctco- principle! oi. tne social .contract anu me to add to, "alteriaboUsK or inlrjnge any part; of constitationi directs and they accordjngly de tH coosti wdpniiThe cou the part of , the defendant may be cpmptised ; in " sation for he land. ; , But here the Legislature very few words, - '4'hcdepotic twwj as U? isK Tmust stop i j.they lhayc run the JRiU lengUjt pf their property, .When state necessity feqtfires, exists!! constitutionally determine upon the jwiount Pi iiv-eyiry gwernment nh existence ot suci power is necessary ; govertinent couldnot sub sist without It t and if this be tht case-can-j demand, --that the Legislature should of them; A the; compensation or value 'of . UjiA Japid (, publis ''exigencies do not require,' necessity does'ftc takdsiugulfir -j M freeman evht id b etwerzrd o f Ait : place incsesSifherel he:frbl;Kyjury canivcbejrty! i tbp rnriu ni.-iri rrmiti? Diwtrmrr ru n- mm nvi h& irfvt r t in: r,.sj a. will not appear, ;.cr suffe jgudfetpent bydelault; ch if there be a 'demurrer uponthe pieodtitg of the parties where all tnatter ofXacUare trtily stated ami aamittcd oy ootn parttsvrr woe,re me coun paS58s judgnient -for a. .-onarpt ccitnmltted in the' face of ihe court; In 5'MrailjV wan ''iavilfi' IVWholtler shall be'lisseizd of his fWeMW" but bv the vet di et of a ju'y br the fe tj outkave. Thvt weaning ihtri oF th'terni we art considt ring,' was that a man should riot he depriv cd of his freehold, &ci but bv the judciAent of a ewViCifte'glilartyc d lii-deciuc what the law is, ana to pronounce ,u n cases c'omine before" them i, which court shall not be "lodged any .were,' with so muchNsafeh I', stlt es without the participation of the proprie as with the Legislature; (Tht pttsurriptioB U that tney win nottair mw, wimc vav.vyu 'urgent 'cases', Or eases" or. the hrst fiecesstty. I'Tht-re is force ir tMsiasoning?i It is', howy- evcrdificult to form, k case," In which the ne.N CCSWIV Ot a State tail ucui sutii laiwc, as iu 'luinorise or excuse inc bcisiuk y vf;t My belonging w one citiien and gmngjtto an: "j ht r cirizeji, It is immaterial to the state n 'yhirYiof jts eiti2ftxiStthc land, ii vested f; but it js if primary importance, that when vested it f- Jiould be seevtted, and me prcnetor protected ' o t!ie Swovment ot U.1 The constitution encir- tics anq .renaers ie an noiy inmg.; ,.i,ns jjrcaciu disc is a case of Undedjproperiy vested by law is ohe sttbftitiiens,and attempted tobe divest- en lor tne pufpwc hi vesuug uic jjiwjv4v in in another set of citieens ;lt cannot be assimi-iin Uted to the case of wrsonil property taken and usea in, time oi war, vr wimucj ur uurcr it erne fiecesiity j it cannot be-aisi milated to the terrtpbrary ssessWn of land lt, in a pressing wfthlic r menrenc v;ot- the sfaur of the -occasion. In lheljttter case, there is no change f propet- tv. no tiivestraept ci ngnt t . "e mie remains, wd the;ipropVietoir, though; otit ; of poSsesefbr. for a while, is Wift proprieto? and lord of th't soil; , The 'possession grey outbf the occasibn and ceases witbit'Tbe tjr is sattsfiid-and at art'entT Jt does, hot ffecii tiw titteij is mpbrary in its naturC, and cannot exist forever " The Constitution enreraly de clares that the Vightof acquiring posession and of protecting pijperty, is natural, inherenrariU unalienable-. v It is-.a right, nbt W;ot&ffii. the Lerislatu'rej'but.f'X' dcblta from the consti- tutiom it is 8acrea?-ior it is lurtnertiecurea that the Legislature shall have o pbwer to al- ter, auoiiffa or ininnge any panui me couaiuu uon. i ne cojtisymuoo is aevrigin. auujmcs siVe of th X-egisWtiye authority. It' savsto He iJegisiaurer.nlsrv'r. y11 jw gv aa "y further j not a particle of it shall be Shaken, bt a pebble shall ;&Jlcifo.!qv jlangerausonj? efroachnict'leab t anbtheif eeri done 'raiy ;be ;d tadicii, ?nncirU'Sirf getietaliy, broken injupon, anci tie ebnstiJQtiwdel sir cority f, yhe.rei$ the inviolability of property, nnk JUegisUture oy a. posuive acc, aneciing ular persons only, an takfl; una trom one Rtizetiiwiojicauired it kgallyv apdjpest in aft- other) T.hesrights- of private property are re alarly .irect4d .and I governed ' 4y4 general, iiiown and estawtsnea laws j ana aeciotai upos VRcfneralskrirtwn andalilished tribunals.- p? :-'an'jr16uriaTk'no 'ttftde4nd Created on ati wahtexigencyi Vfit their orratBhs' and inHue luenc& areequa riiniversal.4rT'ht i - pressr eb natUldol- alk $flrlt&&$:& pe'ace j! ie iais.nct'airitd-?cTabc4Ufe no 'ina It js iiifinrtcly ahd safer to risqiie sbmt slemischiefstban tb vest in the Legjsla- tfe so unneceSsanv. dangerous and enormous power, as tDat,wrucn nas oeen, exCttisey rr TtTpresent-easfr- ' to the; full extent ot the argument is bound and pmnipiterVti IrJUs1aiui jiidg 1 of the necessky of trra cave, and also othe and value of the equivalents 'a Such a Jturfc! tie 'ot necessity and judgfng too f the-Corrt-satiohL Can 'nevelOfltl ir inv nstlAw iC!i,"' r i wvm " T ft4VIPU UliJ" ilar inJeed and imioward must be the sta'feofj .wps that vKHiId induce the Leeislature. iub- -iii uic-y H4u mewwer to aivcscone mai tor or intervention of a jury, assess the value 61 the thing,' or ascertain the amount bl thtcora vl pensation to be paid for it." - v .Here 1 willjstop, iho' thej Judge contmues w; make many other remarks or great importance Let lis pause pdWf little and ruminate on the sen timents Here delivered, - Thev are the. genuim tfTusions of a mind devoted .to. libertvi and ar dently anxious to proclaim it3 true ii inciples tt the - wprldi It seeks to recommend, them ' by ahewingf these principles in tb?lr native simpljpity i and ar tiicy not- worthv in the most eialtedde- ... . ! i ' !. . "r . . .. wr..l. gree pii'n ao miration oi every citizen t uuio to uod I could exhibit them in their most en gaging fctfrolv How soon shdlild I. 'succeed; in re wtlliihg the attempts that are made to cbyep then: poscurity l, now soon wouiatney pe eosonuet! the temple ot pur hf arts and guarded by tht affections ol the people frbrn every danger t , 'ivo 'freeman outrhltei be deprived of his trbberti bat lyjhe'vrrdict of kjury or the Jpto. of ihrlaua. immediaulvxeswcts the private riclita of indivi duals.'', -Other Mparts of it I shall preseptly'shr respects thejpf operty of corporations as welas the jiersonaUiberty of e.citizeVilThefeJs-n'a)dcnrfi;. 3Ut the convention . intendedthis clause as a rc sirictibn upon .'somb of therbran'ches of the go- veenment, which might otherwise usi thebwen prohibited And what branch otahe government vas .so much to be dreaded as the Legislature ?' fhe .authority' JI. the Executive is, too cobfinec tQr have given cause for apprehension, and the au thority of the Judges: is here asserted as t sha! nresently prove, not restrained or diminished. i ne miDgs nere pronioiiea, cannot oe aone out u kourts Jof j astice-regularly constTtutedahd pro- ceeumg according io me Known ana steady rvoaes ot trial, .used and practisedin.. all cases.' if navt hVartOf 'Srgiied: that is me Legislature .can mak ine law oi me lanu oy passing n aci ior mai pur. ppse11, that therefore this clause1 of thebUl of rights if -kaken as' restrictive of their o0wer2?is of litth 'ietfeciurA ;can there.- bea strorargu jiienHd pjry e.thai the te r m faiir: tfjhe Itmdhis ;sbmebthejr'.mean!ng '.'Woiild . the Cbnvejition. uia.i wrap ppay w men, wnen pericpting;tne most important instrument mat-ever came under the consideration of a deliberativ? bbd bave Intend ed to restraiu the future Legislature in matters of the most momCntous.iiohccrn,'; by a provision i.L-. 'fl- s lTuitii tucy migiK Tcuucr nugaiory ac pleasure? Is it anyway consistent with the dignity of thai body ,ot?tlut Tibbie tdye of liberty which characv terised thttn toattribu'teto them such language; as' mis f l tiese are powers too dangerous to pe en trusted With the Leiftsiatiire. and thev shall tio exerciktt.themj but if they pass ah act Ibf'tfe i)lir. pose tjieymay, exercise them The words law oj ' th$ltin4 therefore.'mean something other iharj 4n act ortne r.eKisiaiure. .. it we resort lor.its meaningto the history of.the 1 1 mei; faJthjchit wis at first used in national instruments we shall disicpvecjrts geutnesignficatioq." ised xn - tM'tharticlej of the .inagna charta of England,' extorted, by torce trom -.thev Lipgvand ;xpllcitly ; declaring the- rights of the people in Instances in which he had formerlv violated them. It declared notthatmese rights could not be for- letted-atatlUtmaQhev could not be forfeited at the. will j.ahd pleasure oT'the execiiti ye,- nor, in otherhmahrieri thanbyaifair trial" ia a icourt bl justiceby jurjwhere te facts were disguteffl; or, where tho iacts were not disputed by such other modes as Vere agreeable to, the. law of .the land or recognized by, itv In eiUer of whichcases the judgment'bf the regular tribunals of the coun try, must he pronounced .before the party could Ipse his righta.C- This wa4!wbatr was then-and is 4931 exDlainSt tb mean modes of proceedirfe N jiKhmcnt in a urt of justicelegallyebnjstitutcd tictipnee irr the jjluraind aatn in the j cmd t for instance: if meypartv plad WiW'mverdkf tfdfo known-to lawyers to BeVtogether' distinct fata.:? I ffP " i'Ja f cr on at freedonyjr tHc power ? '4 gbn wliirfe w i gftil-Ttg iC .a-7 j J;trM4't:7fi-lTr;fc-z-t '1 " ! uu.'7 fwvaui wiiuc uc uuierpnrase eepriveit oftiiVb0$jn:&rffo bi'streicddm irbm unjust coa-. j haenVeivt j.W;iio in the opi- I , nion of the cpnventibn, rneau somethintr tlifferent i not navit been used in, tht. Same clause ; " itw a '5 I peculiarly, signifies those-privileged and gmembvk which eorroradons have by virtue v ajldiaTdMeq'ien ijnsWments'whichin-. corporate them. It is rleftned in 2 BT. Com.' 3' uui van rage wo, commentary upou tne wora ascertainltact by th'e vjprdia ofa jdrywbert 1 ,ier, or where that, Charta, from whe&ce it has been translated irjto . oiher means a the law has appointed. , How dif- our Bill bf litghts says 'it signifies the.privile- j ferent is this frm the idea which make's every u res which s'qme of the subjects, whether sirite 1 at of the Legislature a law bf the land, aud vests, in thm the arbitrary and despotic power of prosr tratingall t,hcstr rights so dcar to mankind .when ever they please ! The term law of the law had precise legal meaning wfceiv ustd by the tonven tion, and signified the lawful proceedings of the proper tribwiahpi '.the country.' How much raort top the advantageoi the citizen is it that tbn libould be the meaning of tneTOnstitution tha? the otner before adverted to? If a co'iu tof iust'ce injures an. maiTiauai rrom unjusunaoie. f iptiyes, the Judge 'who injures' hir inav be impeached and removed .from office j or he may carry, hie case before a superiPr tribunal j but who sbali procure him repress against the Legislature Tht experienct of ages evinces tis '.huthi that iht judiciary generally, acta With .CQijJnessand; rea: ;bh ; put it is Jcrbw to all pftons of political ex- 'ltrrience that -the Hitst and mostv enlighten ed men w!hj placed in lirge- assemhlii s,' will so' 'far partake of -the heats':-' of -'tW;' "moment as ircdenuv to concur 111 measures winch in their vaim ana retired ; moments mey nna muon ;ause ?o regret. llad the Assembly the powers which are expressly denied them by this clause of tin Constitution 1 1 the re. illwias&n to fear lhatmany 1. 1 L' .!. J.:1.:l. li- .1.-' i. V ' ofjthem whose propertx' wculdbe Safe or wHbsc tife, if an Assembly infurkte'd by the-ppposttion of partyai in .the times pi Caesar and Pbinpv, "or innameti oyarttui accusations orottierwiseTonseo to act against individuals obptiixious to the public, could deprive" thm cf either, ivithbut further ce- reitrony than mat 01 passing an act tor the pun ,e, aad without n)ore responsibil.tr;' than to the tribu nalof their.own consciences. Suchtimes of iroU- tile may. come upotv us as thev have 1 come unon . .. .t . " .1 M uner. nations, anu it issme interest as Weil as du ty 'of everv good man t-kWt. up ai far as possible evervxaveDu(0 crueltyViin orve knpwl 90t 'upp'n whom thev-it is to faJU-s- p( such a state of things with no, bridle upon the a'ignant -passions j how often rwuld-wa sec e .mask of patriotism assniVd asf , ' prelude to siatirlfice 4howrtenshouldwi see our best vittr aenVsinkig under, the ";-weightf:;.unprrncipled. persecutio ! "Who '.is there in the least acquafated with (he. excesses into whicknumeibus bouifsate aprjff?iftm.at gerous power I am contending against, vesteded iu me juegisiajurc iiay 1 never see ityicjaea tb them' s, . for- then will my cbun try be - covered 'c persons or bodies, corporate, have abiVe other' i'i t - -u ...f..l .1- L T-. ' .1 1 ov tne iavyiuigrau w uic jvmgv as me cnatreis- of felons or outlaws aid the kinds and privifc-ge k of corporations." It means therefore in pur' s pr)ratifns, and in conjunction with the other wofdsr 01 tnaarucie, apiouni to inisj mat me possions 0t a; corporation, like those of an; individual, shall rtbflie taker! away but by the verdict of afiury Of -'the judgment1 of z court tf justice. plf, then'tne f . j . u 1 .:......:i. t 7 : 1 i 1 1 .1 t ruaieca uj uic vjinversuy oq cuusiuercu in tne? I Mght of indiViddali, brof a com mem corporatiw, the prbpertr whichr they had acuirpd kould not be allected by. any act ot the Legislature htf ? could it taken from rbe.ra, ; but 6y the jdgf ment pfrsome proper courts having sufiicieiitjui risdcuon, and pfbeeeding a and established laW tof the, land ? :ftt; .Andlf'sp, I would ask, is 'tht ;Uiiivertity$if' t inguished to its disad vanuge from pther ecn-po(,:, tionsrr or istnerp any circumstancewhicn. rendrv itsi property.lpss sacred than that of an indiv! ' or com rnojv -corporation IX It Is certainly 4jcp:u $t idea, that where the Assepibly are directed by. fhe people in their constitution, tb do any special " act, and they do It accordingly, t the Assembly, are tb be cbnsidefed irr relation tp tbatact, as the.! attornies of the people, appointed tb do it, Stcogy se'tuendy, that the act itself is td be considered ay the act jhe ptopie vln like manner as a deed t exreuted by my attorney in my name, is my ;actV and deed and hoi Th'as-if adjudge or Attor- ney General is, to be appointed the Legislature as the. attoriSits or agents of thepeople eleel him i' but when he is elected, he is the officer of the peoi pie hot of the Assembly,; and Cannot be turned"! out" of officetjv them.;. " How is the case'of the5 university ouiejent in principle from tne casev'. here put ; Tftt 40th section of the Constitution;!, dirtxts thtit A schoof or schools 'shall be esta-i " bl ished by the Legislaturefor the ctayenieht I 'f instruction of v:uih. With such salaries WthetU -masters to; be1 paid by the public as may enable ,i 'Vthem to ipstruct it low -prices and all jusefu L J . '. . . , -1 " I . . -7 .' ' V-T 7.777- . . . . armg sqau oe promotea -ana - encoura ged in f one or moire UnS versities.w Now, when the Le- 1 1 gislature have," pursuant to this direction, erected 1 ana esTaunsneu an u niveny, nave tney any more po wef rreri tphan H he s 11 not as mucn tne worxot the peopyrasif they d established it themse) res by the Constitution' - vithout the agency or intefvention of the Assetn- with the mantle of mournrng, '; and, the spirit of '- ly f urpy it stands opon the same basis -as theVj oHhscatipi'1fke-thai;Vhrch appeWcd o Brutus Le.gislaeirrtsell'does.; It is as much the will of ! willfellbw on the footsteps 6f he.r pafridts I Thank pebplthtthere, should be an Universirfj ;! God, nb m deprived and that1 itshbuld- continue, -as it is that there i of hU life bri pittby the regular; judges ho pld 'he's: Legislaturevhen the LegislaturV rbent of a tatw lul eourt w hb cannot oppress bWaUst4eclowed it: they did so as Ihe' erians f the Deo-v they cannptvonginatfli apyi Jaw-pf , tjiemselves, muplei: and they cannot avoid - the gift, before they;, act upon thbseraade the people as argued that th C hiaicxpre.ss. for ; its dis&blutipn,'- asHhey had forlts? der the Legislature, but li other persons and bo-iestablishment. ; Ttmay be said, the Assemblvari ' dies'of trien from 'medlrotr witV 'the Tudivi dual2 rights spe"cifid but that unli Legislature AnsVecTheCorjyentiprji dearly thought otherwisejf lor the 2tU section 0 the Billof RjghtS prohibits the pas?lfgpf'a;w-t?l entfU' hch a 1 . .. -. iiurv. 01 inaiviclu- aferMtwaiequalfc jacio iawk anci wny t. qpuoues-; irona art sppr sipn, that if'jiot raower, n would be usea to the ir qually ualof bs landed eiute, wereW for the pur- cow mwat b me term law of tlx lanttx,itZ& ircted to estlish .schobU, and'ne Dr mbre Universities r but not to endow. them.nd' that' therefore -ihey alone and, not : the" people,- have", gi veh thescheatedarid confiscated - lands . to the ft UiwYersity.; I answer, whticvcc a principal thing .-. '-llf tpbe'donf, all theiieeesarv means of -dbing uai e given tatheao-enC yAn Universitr' U..' ' Al.f? V -r I? . -7 - K t cfuuuf u. esiaousnea witnour ru&asv, ,.Dd tnere-y fore it is( nec.essafily implied thattney are to pro vide fondsqjt,;4sweltas passja W forbrW li ng it into existence. VYhen the Assembly ac- kordipglv pointed out the escheated and con fiscat- pdrbperty fdrthis' purpose jlffrom that moment : occame iia-peopi, raiiHea tnrougn tne nediura of theji4, rgu'ivthe Legislature ; which none but the people assembled in convention cao, resume. - -It has been said this is a; public institu berty, that the property of individuals' and their personal liberty should be Guarded a wmst the eri crbachmetrts of the Legislature. ; This" 10th sec tion furnishes" that euard.v-or ir is ootfurnisoexi at all ; : ;and,this is a consideration ,'ylich gives addi tional strength tft the argument that this 1 Qth section acts as a limitation upon '.the powers of! the Legularet taAUxpriyatef and therefore is subject 1: r ' 5 l. '?r-
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 17, 1804, edition 1
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