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KALEIGn, (n. c.) THURSDAY, MARCH 2 1 809.
No.. 674.
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an
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r nF.l'RESEXTATIVES,-
I'M
January 39.- '
W ttirisaJC onttnue a .
r f.V With more ' fembarr'as;
''J rnni I attempt t -n&ke 5e
-V the sub ect betorc-tne tommiree,
Lt 3y
noro
bject
i (f.,f ,ivlir r lirv had
;;orif sii any observations cm
n -.lurie present jksa.tfn o(
X he reason is that it is not Cc-
1" whit m?itV.Ke had" DC uu3iuuis:a
,Vh.rgo, ifii'shall be raised.
I ,,!, flf jTreAl pieusurc iui near uic
man from .ewUl a rehire; Du-
r - i l ' t..' .1". ...... "
TV St3tes ' "no ' liavc uccu via;utu
iaffor othef, not topuy proper respect
'emMrgo .laws, are returning to , tf.e
e of those principles oi correctness on
tfcc safety ol ' ihis nation doth depend.
isinuniOT M ini my own upmimi rc-
v the citizens ot.that seou oi the
VotwklistAnding; all that has ueen isaij
insurrection nnrl opposition to the laws
b endanger the United Statt I caitnf)t
mvseif to consider it in a serious point
; pcsljvc fact must be proved to me,
m? belief of such "things sball be had.
fcnfidence in the gr?at boily of citizeos of
astern-$tateS 13 not ' done away, and I
thee is in the same- state , a sufficient
tv of force H suppress any --attempts
moy hi mace against toe union. jna
it cornes to the point, there is reason
eve tiut patrlytHm similar to tftal which
need the Western states, m the- case of.
will also irifluerfce pur brpthVrjs of the
rn My vots in tins case Bhall Rot ' be
neeflr for-is --44-fifiuencedr-byany-tlting-
mii been said to be tldne respecting
nbar j aws in any of the Easterntates
ch lnnuence is disavowed by nie. in
jise and every other my vote shall be
according to my understanding what is
al interest, and will best promote the
tights and Independence of the Unit
ies. t .
Wtca said, that for some days he had
opinion that a commercial non inter-
M'veen,the United Slates and Gieat
ami France... and their dependencies,
other powe having in force orders
screes .violating; the', lawful commerce
btral rights of lite Unined.States, might
ien the most pffner merisure to have
opted in the then state of thiivjs, in
cf tht embargo ; and that Undeu. that
tercoursethe United States seme time
mie;ht have glided alons;. BuL,inthe
of the gentlem an from Coqnecu',
burying hath ?one by the oppGrtu-
tnr that systen, it is apprehended is
ii it ds observed tnat rcorrnnercTai
ptercourse jystem, is rmt a system of
oitcj the edicts of either Great Bn-
name. ivtat irnam tiotn noi.com
the Untted States to abandon the ccean,
to trade with her ; no such tlrine. G.
ti eelai-csiier ports open to the yes
anil produce of the United States either
ecpal coirtu'mption,' so far as sit;- is n-
'T to, supply her market, or for e,xpor
vjieat Britain declares that , for- that
trih nte or tl u t y, call it what you will,
paid. France doth not command the
4 States to abandon the ocean, or not
iiJ5Lhi6h,haveJ.been-visjted:h.vRrL
fiivd . vessel .on have "been in British
or have British merchandise on beard,
m licences to trader shall be subject
lure and condemnation; - Certainly then
f 'pinion thVt -a commercial hon-inter-
States be -if then the embargo laws are forth
- wijlir repealed you .will ' giye ' i decided" ad-
vantage to those ports which, are open -or
continU always to; be so, either in the Sou
thern 'or Eastern.-" Stales -This - would be
paftial and' unfair and in :tperation unjust.
Ufthe embargo is raised, let itbe,at a day 'sa
rc! istahtf 'at l;ast, that the-'mercharitv in every!
part of the United States may hae "notice :
artl not .only cV. but that the day on which the
. embargo shall, be raised, may be so xh.tar)l,
I that there may be every reason to conclude
vthat, the natural frozen embargo which now
exists shall also be taken off from every port
in the United. States. If the ftierchants . are'
to start their vessels as for a race, let them
: alUwv-oppoi tunity of n fair Tstart, antL let
T not fcome of them-have time tOTtin oyer half
theccurse before others of them can get away
from, the starting p!ace. ? V- - ,
I will notice (said .Mr.' Rhea) to fill Up
the "blank v jth the words 44 first day of
Jane,"' for reasons to 'me o;j-cnt.----The em-t
barco Iialh now rontinMed formore than
twelve months, and the great body of tbecitiN
zenshave'witb trne magnanimity ano patriotic
love of country, bore tip under aod supported
"it - notwithstanding its accompanying priva
t'pna. An embargo of the -same nature and
extent; in aTl probabi!ity, would, in the term
cf six rnorrths, have if uken any "flier man-,
lime nation to its cllitre.4- It--was-left atut re
mained for the sovci'eign people of the Dm'
ed Stales in their neutral-fcapaciiy to msauftst
to all other nations art liitberto uiwixpeNL-nctd
firmness under anVin.baTgrt of such duiatK
' and extern". ;Tlis embargo and the firmness
with which it was stipportexlrwtlThe a. grand;
"land BriKrk to Riture t;eneraticns, by wl.ioU- la'
steer their political course.
.Mr. -Iinca said, it had beT his- npini.-n,
that 4he embarrjcr'if . it had been universally
refjarded which it ought to have hen, wuulJ
have Vperateas n impenetrable wall of do--fence
to iheyUnited States, 'unde'r those days
of trouble, indchTlhe nations in .liirrope ap
pear to be executing veucaiice on eacn o.ner,
-ttad passed ov-r; ' ItTTtTnr.lywoiud - have
bad that effect. ' if ,; Datrioiism and love or
country had univeisllly prevailed over love of
money. The United Siates,are a. 'new na
tion, composed either orlgirially or personally,
of emigrants from almost every European na
tion." This nation doth not owe its origi to
any One European nation, and neither cf these
nations hath any right for that cause, to claim
or demand any peculiar favor. Thcr United
States are three . thotisandvmales distant, far
removed in the depths of. thj wilderness,
from the bloody wars of Euio it might
therefore have been m'est proper, acd'most
cor si stent witlvtheir satety to have been.cnn
tentetl at home, and Wit-fit ivencla red the
piivalion of foreign superfluities, even with
out the constraint of an emb:m-o. for some
time longer, ttndr If possible, until those days
of European aiftiction had p:sstd c er. - "
There , is nowTDiTrt)Bnd, it is pit-sumed, a
vast quantity of prpdure. The aricu'HOf&l
intei-est hath, to its great ':di.sadvac,-t3rf
dured fur a srfficient length' cfae, great
repression in 'the price of produce-'; if then
the embargo is designed to ie raised in time
for the produoeto get to mr.iket, itausiht not
to be dtkyed until the first of Jutie. On the
fourth day of March hezi let the oTihargo be
raised. There will be 'tiflicienl time for the
merchants in every pait of the United States
to be informed of lhat' event. On that day,
there is reason to belief, the natural embar
go by ft ee7.ing,v -which now ' exists', xrill be
taken,, off. ' .Oh the 4th day of vlarch next,
another administration will come into power
and it mav be most proper and converjkHt
that tfrnt adiriinistraiion shall : cqmtiice its
chandtze -shall be stamped with.herT mafkj
The decrees of France fere also
gainst the'cbmiee--of-the';'.ynited .; States
andthreVten dcruction to every, part of it
that sbaH cornc within their" grasp. In this
state of things, if the embargo .be liaised,
there can be but one opinion as to merchant
vessels, add that is, that if they may be de
signed to put to sea, they shall be authorised
mine hist instance, to arm. On the suojecs
of war, notliir; g hitherto hath by me been tion.' ; Not, sir,' thai thejbargo Jaw? cannot
.tAtLuitw uy ami ov mis , gov ti'nrntnt -I
unhesitatingly declare, that tlii$ gevernraent ;
eatf j)c supported ; and your laws-can, by the ;
ir on g arm oi govern ,nent, be entorced. Uut,
said. I desire' to avoid war' if possible aHi
therefore will not take-war into consideration
at tjvis time, and why shall the United, States
forbear Ibrfger than th'j fourth ofMarch next
to resume the navigation of the ocean ? Ilath
no: all navigation with Gre,at Jliitain and
Fiince-fstt5ft With Gret Britain it harh
run down tct a mere dispute about words.-It
appears-by thiate dtspatche? from tire riiini'
sTerof the United States at GreM Hritain, that
the question of ilcgociation now ,is whether
such vvords wei e.siicken, and if spoken with
what understanding ; this ctrtajnly is de
scending into the abyss of humiliation 1 can
iiot tirbear,. (said Mr. R.) expressing a wiii
thr;tiur ministers were on theirvay home al
ihongiey mi jlit experience severe weather
oo their sagt1. ! ''i .' ' ' . '
have bn told ihat the Rritih fleet is a
ba'rri.tV; it is ainiued that it is a; barrier, a
barrier: 'arjainst -the freedom of the ocean, a
g-jirrst the I'rcedom'of cbrnniercc, ?ind agaitist
the commercial rights' of fiatWui. " , ,
Ve h ive been' tfeld that Great Prltain is
fighting -farther
existor.ee iff w hat ihauner
resncct the Unitfd stales r i be
eausef sir, thTs ;s a government of tjbe peoplci
and their voice is not al presenifbrvar. Yba 1
have ' too long, in terposed ..the' embargo as a ' r
shield to our cipeh'againstfBrUish deprad'ac
ti'ons-they' have lost, their r wa.r-pulse-4thejF;
; must again su0er, to .u gain windjJicm up l&
their, former spiiiti: ; , This; being a govern-
ment of, 'and from- the people, whose servants , 1
we are, it is bur duly-to advance ,their inter-
ests and to cnfotcJe the genefal will of the na-
doth that
Unite-i.-Staws cannot le charred with the
cause of her irarrel. uut- trreat t5nta:nxis
contending agyhist a p-wt r, wlio appcavs to
desire the dominion of the .c'cHMinant "of Etir
rope. Let it be so, that will not avail or hetp
the position, some of the greatest, best, and
most honorable- anJ pat riot ic" men of Great
.Britain, have said, that if th? power of Prime e
is arrived ' to transcettdant grtatness Great
BrifiM may thahk herself fopiishing France
Hcrthat state of irT.-eyy.Lireat-iintam1--
restore the 'many tiifuand seamen, citizens
of the United ,..to') rhom he Ivolds n slave
ry, to tluir country. l.etFGreat liritain in-"
den-mfy for the nany millions vyoith of pro
perty of citizens .f the 5 .ni'tcd Sti tes, by her
unjustly captured and condemned. Let G
Britain. vcsci:id atid repeal all herilicts, pro
clamavions-crd laws .which violate the lawful. '
commerce and lights of the United States.
Let Great Britain declare that tiie ocean shall
be fre', and thaihe commerce of the Unit-
ed'S'.i'tes shall travel un:
Way. of nations.
nolcstcdrxm tJie high-
United States have abstained fro iriiivigaliiVg:
the' ocean a considerablci length tft trne.
Ltst, thenv it may be behevedrihat" there is
4an intent ion-to abandon itl.iogether, on the
.' fourth day of March ptxt,"let the navigation
of the ocean be iesTJniccl, and on that day,
e between the United Sutes and Great and forever after, let the. United. Spates" assert.
' ana ,'rancc and their dcoendenciesia
p:-vwtp fwjrs liaviiigia force oi defs and
v yiouting the. lawful commerce an,h
l-fJhts of th(j-U. states .would be. sub-
GaVBritaiivkrtilFriiice. is not
?!P. OTwbe paUjto ts; oV
-Sfi lh? gentleman frolrrVrirginia
nciotp, ) who was. of opinion that the
rtUWrij3aKedibrthfth ; there
" .1aigu''-.f tlwr if th
r!Deakd. th rpf n.ianVttir i f , rnC
. n'CH IS said-to haVH ha'4(:l inln (.annh:
' l'!ere detained for some timi. hv the ice.
' reasov may not get to m aiket as
p-5 .W.t;oduces!!ipped from the UniC
U2jsi-jikihiq: :the lorce
. rva!!.oiis they'dci not contain a suf
ron to repeal thiy enlbarj laws so"
.UtyH iConsidcrd-tKafthe rioita of
Philapjiire byj.he Vigor
,! '"ter nof lo-kecl un..afHlnrobai)lv
y'wvc r for some time'. In that ron
' Iuy sevcfil' Qther Iports in the Ui.'.ud
cinrl maintain their fiht tfMiavieatV the
cean, the great ftonimpn highway t)f nations,
freely, and agreeably to the laws, of pulc"
reason- ,:;r- '. ' ' . ::' ,
When I contemplate, sakl MrR. the greht
danger to which the seafaringtitizfens and
-commerce of the United iHs W'i U be - ex-
" nose don the ocean, it is with great relvxtance
1 - - .. . L'-l V
Let Great" Rritfti rvke -reparatio?lJr;her
many violations of j.ic.' OVerftghty''-'.of;. the
.L'nited.fttales-; afd a'Aef these things are all
.pbrformed, and justice . .dor.e to the United
States, tl'tn let . gentu'bieri tell, lis that Great
Bmainis fi;- hting for lar existence.
-TlKr; vv&sa timf vvht-n-Great -Britain had
it in Iwr'ijower to.lwve comiHatt'd and pair
ed Lo hevssi-lf '-he friendship and affection of
the U. starts ; .a time, "ticn alter me nie on
the rvoUittibriary war had beep extinguished,
the U. States were '"blooming;ir.to commercial
existfcnceTThcn was tl time tor G. Britain Jo
ha taken the Htixule ri her arms, and to
jjtre chetjsbed him ?s a b;oiherr hy sd ding
th.e might have had a brother, indeed wh
Wbuld have stood by her in the day of Uou!)h;."
On the contrary-G. Britain hatlvbern studi
ously, anxiously, and iirdustrit-msly carelul to
alienate thi friendship a'id a factions of he U.
StMts, Let the "Whole conduct of Great- Kri
ta;u towat ds the U.'yStates since the treaty of
peace, be altejided'to,-and then let the unim-
m'ssioned and lmpariiahooaver say whetner
.. . . . . . .- . ', f :f
career with a, new order of r t'nings?-" The -Ui. Rritain4iarh not been industnously .tartful
to laU.ejratehe f rietidshipj imd affectioa . otihe -
U. States trom herself. ; - : r ; , ,
: Let the iippattial witn:sst jnctge in this
1 cause, ande will pioivnince sentence against
Great Britain. Great Britain :by violence,
: hath rent asunder those bonds of social friend
ship which fmight have connect ed her and the'
Uhiteti Stajes forever. jBnt sir, we aresk-
"e'd, why shtll we arm ? Who is our enenj'y ?
The?e questions rmy he answered by.asliing
two other questions,' viz -W hy shall we not
Mr, is it true policy to enforce these laws ?; I
do presume it ls.n'it, as it may produce a civil
warr the worst of all wats. The embargo has
been VufficieoU.trieaha the experiment has
proved,fthai ..ips' 'ot:sufficienlly 'ed w -ta.'. .'
induce the belligerents to abandon their orders '.
and decrees , Vhy then, continue itito;ther:
ihjory of our citlzesra
who are our b-ist ciuzens, our frieudsho.are
niosj disposed to support the administration"
and our laws ? 4 " ' . : , :
Sir, I lament that the public sentiment and
opinio" on the sul)ject of foreign aggressionsi
.is different in the difTefent. sections of our
coii'itry. . The south ay, embargo or war
and the north'and' east '.say,' no embaigo, no
war. I applaud the resentment "of the people
of the soivj.h and highly' revere their hifh
sense cf honor., 1 lmt nt, that this difference
of opinion exvi; yet, i 'as', it does exist, we
must take things as they'a're, and legislate ac
cordmgly. The genius and; duty of republi
can govern meiHs, is to make laws to suit the
people, and not to attempt to make the peo- ,
pksuitbe laws. In nid'narchics, the people
re ctriilcff to suit the laws flowing fiKn the
d-jfefot -but this n;ver should be attempted in
a repu'bheari goveriimetit, the strength, of
which is lliejove and a,ttachrhentof the citV
tens. ' Sir, yuuannbt Jake. war which will
promise a succtttul issue whilst the counay
in disunited. " 1 he peoplc "must, with oncl"
4eTrmedlycal forwar from cv-ery-"sectiori"
aiid yilla-e-of our country T'hen, iiujeed
wt may ykilture on war. Thvpeuple must
urge us into war; yer nnot Jiwther intg
a successful coutcsu No, sir, you know the
attempt is futile, it is idle. Sir, as I cosWer
mysel! a representative of the people, I vie
itas my duty, at this ,ev;i th.l, .momeiit, to ,X
make known to you what I do cpneeive to bo
(not the univtrsiil) hit the jjlrttl-inioii' .trd-'wishes-bf
your ciirens ofidl politics iiy ihe -northern
state?. In ill not be answrraliie for
the correctness cf these opinions and. wishes
of the people. No, sir, co ifd, in some in
stances, w'rsh tTiey were' mere consistent anil,
less goverticd by the cupidity of gain- Vet,
sir, theii" opinions arise from their iocal suua
tion The nature of man is the same, everf
where ; surrou'n.tltd by the same objects, their
opinions, sentiments and conduct will-be the "
same. TIace the people of the ..south iri the
same situation and. surrounded l.Jy the same;
itiriptatiotis, and .pressed with the same los
ses? and their conduct wo-br-the-s-rne as '
these of tlVe north. Sir,' from the communi
cations 1 have received from the north, and
from other sources of information, I believe
that I shall be able to state their opinions and
some of 'the reasons on wlnh -their opinions
are foundettreomply whr their wishes,"
We must, repeal thei,nt)argo laws at as early '
a day as will comport with jusiqg to all the
merchants f our countrv. . Lefail have an e
qualcliipce to he first in the foreign market,
and perhaps the first of-March will be as ear- '
ly a"'daylas wiil comport with this necesisary
provision. As a. substitute fir the embargo,
thry mean not submission, Their voice is,
4 arm in iltfence- of natiirsl aud national
iio hts.'l .Tney wish for lilierty-to'arm and do-"
fend aginst an infraction of our indisputable
rights on the ocean. This defensive arming1,
they wisfr tbseerreguk:tedin such manner as',
shall preserve peace, if possifc!e. and to do a-
way (s-far as is honorable "aruLpolitib) every
uniiecessary. cause of collision with foreign
po.versv To do rhis,vv''ll it ftoV wise, con--sideriag
Frabce and .'England ; as equally of
fending lis, to 4pUt,our relations, with them on
exactly the same basis I Inhibit by law the
arm ? Wh'ois bur friend ? Sir, it appears as
if the whole world was arrayed against the U.
Stjt'e, Let any gentleman take the map of
the WQiId, and. puthisXmgeron the spot, de
indcecVT aeree to rai-e the embargo. Great f signaling the place," where dwells a nation the
Britain with steady p&licy lor centuries past
hath been endeavormg to acquire,the dominion
ot the ocean and monopoly of cwmmetce.
To thce two idols, dominion of the ocean
and n,f nqx)Jy of commerce, an immense p?x
fusion of human blood hath bee poured out
in libatVbnt and the cbrri mere e! eveiy .mri
- t ilime; najjon hath been sacrificed- V:e3t.
Britain 'fier . vatiouV efforis ; and struggles;
hath' afljwt actpiired: the faol'ite object ;';in.
o: htrlvbTds htith by main frce seizecf upoti
- and 'usurped the dominion of the '-ocean, f-the-common-pro'pcrtv-W-al
1 natioirsi sd-by Jcr
lavvvhath viitualV declared that- no natron
shall buy or tell ufclcis the ptcjrrty cr mcr-
avowed friemf of the. United States...It.wilI
give nie great pleasure indeed, to be so in
termed. And -lierer saiMr. RheaT will
Take the liberty' to,observe, that it is tim6, and.
it is right for Che United Stupes to look over
the world, anil if -possible, ascertfin the fart,
whether there" b? that" nation, and if that na
tion cart be f.nnd, T shall have-no hesitation
to tske him in my arms, to call him: friend
anl'brollWr, .and to make wh.hinjia, treaty
o f tvcijiti n g a mi ty , h vc and frirnran I p ;.' J
: -Mr: CVo.--iIrChairmaTj,jl"am oppo
to fi'hTvJhe 'dank fr realintfllfe em'iaiv-o
on ih-fii4-'. y of J j!v n't:Xt. and txrrssue Lt
iLTi Of Mar:e and HepuaiiUhat dais ; ba-
exportation of all ' contraband goods fim our
country; and permit, none but real ci"uVnsVofr
aid
of the ; '
ihe Unitetl States to navigate the vessels!
United States. "
these restnctionswhich indeed would not
Injure our fair trade, but would expel from
our country, the demoralizing; dregs cf jils
aiid men of war, would serve in a great m -a-
siire t jireveiU collisions, and to secure torup .
own cui?en,v the"eward of their bwn t ur-r "
prizes "To resists m such a roanbef as to in
duce a! change in our favo'r,l?t us increase. ari
perhapi, double the duties on idl inipoitstina.
from the oBV-nding powers.; aid. reduce the
duties on goods from other qM-,rrs. . J . '
These, and other- re'Ua'd'vir. eisure.jar,
Fv.dopi.ed, exprssidy to h.j oalv l'arrio?-
neqns' wTtii the 'prc.n piraTf' vy :!cfft cf;
t ii'Eo z?jr; '"" And, siif la-vs ' rta- V
ry w j;reve:itour citucn io:a selling ike
rr-
u'J'9-
1.
),