2
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
IIIS INTEREST IN THE SLAVERY
QUESTION AS IT AFFECTED
THE SOUTH.
DANIEL R. GOODLOE S PAMPHLET.
It was Written at Louisburg in the
Summer of 1811 ami Submitted to
President Adams who had it Pub
lished—Some New and Original Ar
guments Contained in the Rook-
Abolitionists Paid Attention Only to
the Moral Side ol the Question.
Written for Sunday News and Observer
Washington, D. C., June 28.
I made the acquaintance of Mr. Adams
in March, 1844. I called on him at his
house, on F street, near Fourteenth. He
owned two adjoining houses, which, a
few years ago were enlarged, by putting
two additional stories on them. They
are now known as the Adams building,
and are rented out to the government,
and to various business firms. I sent in
my card, or more likely, my name, as I
knew very little about cards in those
days. My purpose was to show him an
essay I had written on the subject of
slavery. It is entitled, an “Inquiry into
the causes which have retarded the ac
cumulation of wealth and increase of
population in the Southern States:” in
which the question of slavery is consid
ered in a politico-economical point of
view.
No allusion is made in the essay to the
moral question involved. It was written
upon foolscap, on both sides of the sheets,
which was the country fashion of writ
ing in those days. I may add, that the
essay was written at Louisburg, in the
summer of 1841. I called the attention
of Mr. Adams to the positions taken
which I had a right to consider as new,
as they had never been stated by any
political economist. He then began to
read, and read the essay from beginning
to end, twice, before saying a word; and
having gone through with it in this care
ful manner, he gave his opinion in terms
which made me very proud. I think I
will be excused for stating them. He
said, “Mr. Goodloe, this is a most able
essay.” He asked me if I proposed to
publish it. I told him I wished to have
it published, but was not able to have it
put in pamphlet form. He then proposed
a newspaper, and said that a young
man named Greeley was publishing an
anti-slavery Whig newspaper in New
York, but that he was not acquainted
with Mr. Greeley; and that he would
send it to his friend Charles King, who
was then the editor and publisher of the
New York American. The essay was
published in the American in the last
days of March of that year. Two years
later I had a pamphlet edition published
here in Washington; which was after
wards copied into some anti-slavery
newspapers. But it never made any
deep impression on the abolition mind.
The propositions in the essay which
attracted Mr. Adams’ particular atten
tion, were the following: After stating
the ordinary objections to slavery as an
economical system, that it injuriously
affects the prosperity of the country by
its tendency to degrade labor in the esti
mation of the poor and Ub engender
pride in the rich, as well as its effects in
keeping away foreign imm'gration, I
proceeded to say:
“It will not be attempted to deny the
existence, or the operation of the causes
assigned, but my present purpose will be
to show that the chief evils of slavery to
the body politic result from principles
more stubborn and powerful than its
moral effects upon the people.
“If a farmer in Ohio own one hundred
acres of land, with the cattle, the food
to subsist them, and utensils of hus
bandry necessary in its tillage, he will,
as is observed, be able to enter upon its
cultivation with an additional ready
capital sufficient to supply his laborers
with maintenance. Thus, if the food and
shelter of a free laborer be worth fifty
dollars per annum, and one laborer be
necessary to the cultivation of ten acres,
then five hundred dollars would be the
additional capital necessary in the case
above supposed. The laborers’ wages in
variably come out ot the sale of the crop,
and c nsequently there existed no neces
sity for the employer to have it by him.
“The illustration may be varied by
estimating the amount of capital neces
sary to the making of a given product
one hundred bale l of cotton, for instance.
If, as is asserted, one man can produce
ten bales of cotton, (of course, the pro
duct per hand is immaterial to ttye illus
tration), then the capital necessary to
the production of one hundred bales,
apart from the land, etc , as above, will
be five hundred dollars.
“I will inquire now the amount of
capital necessary to employ slave labor
in the cultivation of one hundred acres
of land, or the production of one hund
red bales of cotton. If men slaves be
worth seven hundred dollars, and the
food and clothing of a slave fifty dollars
per annum, the cultivation of one hund
red acres of land by the labor of ten
slaves in Alabama, requires a capital of
seven thousand five hundred dollars
apart from capital invested in land, etc.
I have based the illustration for conveni
ence upon the supposition that the labor
of men only is employed, but it is per
fectly obvious that the principle is true,
generally of all free and all slave labor.”
I gave other illustrations, drawn from
manufacturing pursuits, as well as agri
culture; and in all of them, it follows,
that the employer of slave labor must
have a capital equal to the value of his
slaves, over and above what is neces
sary.
In 1864, I sent this pamphlet to the
eminent political economist, John Stuart
Mill. I was induced to do so from hav
ing seen in his great on that sub
ject, a remark which caused me to think
that he might have seen the truth in re
gard to slavery. I had examined a whole
alcove in the Congress Library filled
with treatises on political economy, and
found that none of them saw it. Turn
ing to Mill’s chapter on Slavery, I find
that he, too, was in the old rut. His re
mark, which induced me to think that
he should have seen the truth, was
made in reference to natioual debts, and
to mortgages. He had stated that in es
timating the wealth of a nation, neither
the national debt, nor private mortgages
would be taken into the account; as the
effect would be to count the value of the
property twice over. A national debt,
as he truly said, is a mortgage upon the
property of the whole people; and a pri
vate mortgage only shows the interest
which the mortgagee has in the estate of
the mortgagor. In like manner, the
value of slaves to their owners should
not have been counted as a part of the
national wealth, since it was only a
mortgage which one man held upon the
labor of another and the abolition of
slavery only cancelled the mortgage,
without destroying the value involved —
the capacity of the slaves to labor. It was
a transfer of titles; and what one man lost
the other gained, while the State lost
nothing; but, on the contrary, was great
gainer, by destroying a system which
was continually diverting capital from
its legitimate uses. And hence it was
that, in 1860, when the South had three
billions of capital invested in slaves, its
commerce was all in the hands of the
Yankees ; and it had next to no manu
factures. Its towns were few and small
and far between, and languishing. They
are now all flourishing. Here in North
Carolina, the towns have grown more
three times more—in thirty years than
they had done in the previous two cen
turies—and it is because people who
make money cannot buy negroes. More
over, the cotton and tobacco crops have
been doubled.
I wrote to Mr. Mill in August, 1864.
He was then in the south of France ; and
failed to receive my letter and the pam
phlet for some months, but in Docember
he wrote me from “Saint Veran, Avig
non, Yaucluse, France.” He said :
“You are so clearly right as to the polit
ical economy of the question, that one is
only surprised at its being necessary to
take so much pains to make the matter
obvious to others. But the absurdest
opinions are often the most tenacious of
life. What can be more ridiculous than
to suppose that a laboring man is an
item in the wealth of the country that
possesses him, when he is owned by a
fellow-man, but not an item in it when
he owns himself!
“But great merit may be shown in ex
plaining truths which ought not to need
explanation, and that merit your pam
phlet possesses in a high degree.
“I am indebted to you for an excellent
illustration of the point you notice in my
Principles of Political Economy, which
I shall not fail to make use of in a new
edition which I am now preparing.”
Mr. Mill lost his wife, to whom he was
greatly devoted, shortly after this letter
was written, which sad event broke
into his philosophical pursuits for
some time; and he afterwards
went into Parliament; so that
so far as I am informed, his new edi
tion was never published. But only one
who has access to his “Principles of Po
itical Economy”, may turn to his Chap
ter on Slavery, which is brief, and see
for himself that Mr. Mill had failed to
see the “obvious” truth, “which ought
not to need explanation.”
In 1865, I wrote an elaborate article
which was published in the National
Agricultural Report of that year, which
is entitled the “Resources and Indus
trial Condition of the Southern States.”
In it I have brought out the foregoing
principles more fully than in the pam
phlet. In this article I say:
“The absorption of capital in this un
productive form of slavery was the great
pecuniary curse of the South. It was
not that the South had uselessly in
vested in the beginning half its wealth,
for time would have overcome that loss;
but the great evil consisted in the perpet
ually recurring and increasing misappli
cation of capital. Slavery had become the
great interest of the South. It swallowed
everything. Os every accumulation of
capital, the majority was sure to assume
that form. There was no recovery, no
regeneration, but in the destruction of
the system. * * Henceforth there
will be no more of the unproductive
investment of capital in human be
ings, and every dollar from w'hich a rev
enue is to be drawn will contribute
something to the national wealth. The
slaveholders have never been under
stood by the people of the North, in
one respect. They have been made to
bear the economical reproach which
properly belonged to slavery itself.
They have been regarded as idle, prodi
gal, and thriftless; whereas, they are,
as a class, energetic, sagacious and
thrifty. They made money and
grew rich, while their system of
slavery was inflicting the deepest in
jury upon the country. Now that slav
very is overthrown, they will exert their
energies in methods promotive of the
general, as well as of their own particu
lar welfare.”
In October, 1865, I wrote an article for
the New York Times,(which appeared as
an editorial. It is entitled “The Indus
trial'prospeets of the South.” In the arti
cle I’make the following prediction of
what must follow as consequences of the
abolition of slavery:
“The abolition of slavery has removed
the great hindrance to trade, commerce,
and manufactures That institution ab
solved the accumulated industry of the
South without adding anything to its
productive resources. It was not capital
hoarded, but capital sunk. It was three
thousand millions of money invested iu
a useless monopoly of labor, when the
labor would have been more productive
if left free, and uncounted as capital.
* * This unproductive absorbent of
capital being removed, there can be in
future, no such useless investment. The
annual accumulations must take some
other form A large part will doubtless be
spent upon luxuries as heretofore; but no
investment can in future be made in
slaves. And all capital which would
have taken that unproductive form must
now take one which will be at once ad
vantageous to the individual and to so
ciety. This is a great point gained, and
we think we are not mistaken in assum
ing that the consequences will soon de
velop themselves.”
I think that no one can fail to
see that the wonderful development of
the South in recent years is due to the
abolition of slavery, as predicted in the
foregoing pages.
As I have stated, the Abolitionists, as
a class, never paid much attention to the
radical, indisputable truths set forth in
my pamphlet; but gave all their energies
to the moral question; to the wickedness
of slavery, and the South; and at the
same time losing sight of the fact that
The News and Observer, Sunday, June 30, ’95.
nineteen of every twenty of the original
importations cf negroes from Africa
were brought here by Norlhern and
English slave dealers. They don’t like
to hear this truth now. The English peo
ple, too, became wonderfully virtuous,
after their slavery was abolished,
in 1838; and were greatly shocked
at the wickedness of the Ameri
cans—until they thought they saw
an opportunity of breaking up the Uni a
by the secession movement: when they
wheeled about, aud took the side of the
South.
I set out with writing a sketch of John
Quincy Adams, but egotism has caused
me to leave Hamlet out of the play of
Hamlet. But I will make amends next
week.
Daniel R. Goodloe.
Bucklen’s Arnica Salve
The best salve in the world for Cuts,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum,
Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped Hands,
Chilblains, Corns, and all Skin Erup
tions, and positively cures Piles or no
pay required. It is guaranteed to giV
perfect satisfaction or money refunded.
Price 25 cents per box. For sale by John
Y. Macßae.
I rban Allan J. lyer a
Windom, Kan.
Scrofula From Birth
Other Medicines Utterly Failed
53-it Hood’s SarsasjariilOt Cured.
“Some time since, our boy the*! four
year- old wa i in the hands of the family
doctor for treatment for scrofula. He
had been afflicted with this trouble from
birth and we had been unable to give him
O a!y Temporary Relief.
We decided to give him Hood’a Sarsapa
rilla and are glad to say 6 bottles of
Hood’s entirely cured him. Our oldest
daughter has been taking Hood’s Sarsa
parilla for rheumatism with good results.
We have used from first to last some $lO
worth of the medicine and have received
the equivalent ot several hundred dollars’
worth of doctor’s treatment and good
Hood’s genres
health to boot. We cannot speak too
highly of Hood’s Sarsaparilla as a blood
purifier. It is all that is claimed for it.”
C. E. Myers, Windom, Kansas.
r,!t!o act harmoniously with
liOOCI S r*IlS iiocsi‘3 Sarsaparilla. 250.
PARK HOTEL,
Raleigh, N. C.
0
The undersigned have recently pur
chased the above property, believing that
such a hotel in the capital city of the
State is enough needed to lie worth being
well kept and vigorously pushed.
Mr. Crawford, former steward of the
hotel, is in charge for us. We desire to
assure the public through this notice
that we are behind him, and that noth
ing will be spared on our part, or bis, to
give you the best service possible at
reasonable prices.
Such changes will from time to time
be made as are found necessary for the
convenience and comfort of its guests.
Soliciting the public patronage upon
no other ground than merit, we are
PAGE LUMBER COMPANY
ABERDEEN. N. 0.
NO REASON
Why anyone should use a
Thermometer
That is not accurate.
The only reason we can think of, is that
a stock of
Tested Thermometers
has never been kept in the city.
We have bought a good stock of accu
rate ones and sell at reason
able prices.
Thos.H. Briggs & Sons
Raleigh, N. C.
TlieGieason Sanitarium,!
1852 Elmira, N. Y. t 895 •
!! but the scenery—valleys—mountains— j,
spring brooks—the green—the sunlight— /X
the shade —pure air—the food—the water— ,x
IS can it help rest and refresh the tired—body X
f x —eyes —brain. Best medical skill—all kinds Jx
x, of baths—mas-
Swedish
l in e:-
WE SELL
North Carolina Patent Floor,
Farina Mills, Raleigh, as Fine
as the Finest.
RECEIVED TO-DA Y,
One thousand pounds of choice Virginia
Hams.
WE are just receiving new packing
North Carolina Roe and Cut Herrings
put up expressly to our order.
Everything in Stable and Fancy Groce
ries, carefully'put up promptly delivered.
Telephone 88.
J. R. Ferrall & Co.,
GROCERS.
Notice.
Valuable Land for Sale
As executors of P. C. Cameron, the un"
tlersigned will, on Friday, July 26th, 1895-
ai the court house door in the city of Ral
eigh, sell to the highest bidder for cash at
public auction, the following valuable real
estate situate in the city of Raleigh, to
wit: One lot lying on the south side of
Martin street be a inning at the northwest
corner of the Len H. Adams lot on Martin
street, thence along the south line of said
street weetwardly thirty one (31) feet to
the centre of the wall oi the s ore on J. R.
Williams’ lot, thence southwardly parallel
to Wilmington street one hundred and
twenty feet, thence eastward parallel to
Martin strtet thirty-one (31) feet to the
corner of the Len H. Adams lot, thence
northwardly along the line of said Adams
lot to the beginning. One lot bounded on
the north by Market street, on the east by
lot of W. H. Holloman, on the south by
Martin street and on the west by Citizen’s
National Rank building and the lots of M
H. Brown and W. H. Holloman one other
lot at the intersection of Jones and Mc-
Dowell streets fronting southward s. venty
(70) feet on Jones street and bounded on
the west by McDowell street, on the north
by lot of J. Matthews, on the ea-t by lot
of Mrs. Jordan and on south by Jones
street, containing sixth of an acre more or
less The buildings and improvements on
said lots will be sold with the lots. The
first two lots will be sold under a mortgage
deed executed by George T. Stronach and
wife, Martha E. Stronach, to P. C. Tame
ron and registered in book 79, page 716 of
public Register’s office for Wake county,
and the last lot under a mortgage deed to
P. C. C meron executed by E. J. Hardin
and wife, Sophy 1.. Hardin, and registered
in book 96 page 306. This June2ath, 1895.
ANNE CAMERON,
JOHN W. GRAHAM,
B. CAMERON,
R. B. PEEBLES,
Executors of P. C. Cameron.
VALUABLE
Policy of Insurance
FOR SALE.
By virtue of a judgment of the Superior
court of W’ake county, rendered on the
27th dav • f March-1895, iu the case of Al
fred Williams against .John K. Terrell,
being Judgment Roll No 6111, of said
corn t, and docketed in Judgment Docket
No 8, page 44, and as assignee of John R.
Terrell, 1 will offer for s*le to the highest
bidder for cash, at public auction, at the
county court house roor, in the city of Ral
eigh, N. C., on the 80 h dav of July, 1895
policy No 170,607 of “The Connecticut Mu
tual Life Insurance Company” for one
thousand dollarson lifeof John R. Terrell,
This policy is a fifteen (15) year endowment
Insurance Policy; is dated March 10, 1894
and all premiums on the same up to date
have been paid. A. W. HAYWOOD,
Commissioner.
A. W. HAYWOOD.
Assignee of John B. Terrell.
THE BIGGEST THING
THAT EVER HAPPENED IN RALEIGH.
Is the Special Sale of every Spring Suit on our counters that are marked and sold up to the closing hour Saturday
night at $22.50, $22, S2O and $lB for
Fifteen Dollars.
All you have to do is just to walk in and help yourselves. They are not a parcel of odds and ends—broken lots -bad
sellers but rather the most popular garments of the season, the best, the very best that tailoring skill can create. Better
than you could have made to order in nine-tenths of the tailor shops.
We have turned the stock over bodily. The three and four button cutaways and sacks in regular and extra large
sizes, long and slims, shorts and stouts, all these exclusive styles that you have raved so over, are waiting to be snapped up
by the army of shrewd buyers th«.t will lay siege to them to-morrow morning.
Let them go ? We’ve screwed our courage up to the losing point, and you are welcome to them.
TTDod© f)®o® ©od® M@@[ko
o
S. & D. BERWANGER.
LINCOLN f ITHIAWATER
For the cure of all diseases H BOTTLED AT
jc? the KIDNEY?, BLADDER jl BTHE LINCOLN LITHIA SPRINGS
I aLd UR: * T: * :IY r K3. P-taJS LINCOLN TON, N, C.
j Raleigh, N. C., January 1, 1894.
j The Lincoln Lithia Water Co.:
j I take pleasure ;n slating that I have used the Lincoln Lithia Water quite exten
| sively in my practice during the r • -t five or six years, and I have come to regard
it with great confidence.
J In the Uric Acid Diathesis; m controlling the tendency to nephritic colic and
I breaking up the habit ol .oeu.ient attacks; in Dyspepsia; in Albuminuria (wheth
|er due to pregnancy oi ( {her ta'.-. I have found great satisfaction in its use.
: Indeed, so highly do 1 appreciate its efficient helpfulness in the disturliances of the
renal functions, that I regularly prescribe its systematic use, to the exclusion of
ordinary drinking water, as a preventive ot renal complications during the last
three or four months of pregnancy, in the cases of all my patients who can afford it.
Very truly yours, ‘ A. W. KNOX, M. D.
I For sale by druggists generally. Price per case of one dozen half gallon bot
! ties $5.00; 50c. per bottle.
“LINCOLN LITHIA INN'’ °»«" mm it>
For pamphlet containing full information apply to
THE LINCOLN LITHIA WATER CO., Linoolnton, N. c.
':V;■ vX'i'D
DIAMONDS.
Symbols of honesty, tokens of purity, always the same in
faithful and honest value."
SOLITAIRES
From 1-4 Kt. to 2 1-2 Kts., set to the best advantage in Tiffany
or any other modern pattern. Largest stock to be found in the
city.
Orders from a distance, when accompanied with satisfactory
city references, will have our promptand careful attention.
EDWARD FASNACH, Diamond Dealer and Jeweler,
RALEIGH. N. C.
THE SALISBURY LIQUOR COMPANY
Successors to the J. B. LANIER COMPANY.
DISTILLERSi JOBBERS
OF
Pure North Carolina WHISKEY AND BRANDY.
FINE OLD CORN WHISKEY A SPECIALTY.
W. L. RANKIN, Manager. SALISBURY, N. C.
H. MAHLER,
Silversmith and Manufacturing Jeweler,
Sterling Silver Goods.
Guaranteed ,00l
O
Manicure Sets, Pen Wipers,
Silver Novelties, Tie Holders,
Cbmbs, * Emery Balls,
Paper Cutters, Belts,
Match Boxes, Ladies’ Shirt Waist Sets,
Coat Hangers, Lock Bracelets,
Garters, Sleeve Links,
Button Hooks, Books Mat ks,
Scissors, Belt Pins,
Hat Pins.
o
I also have the largest and best selected stcck of table and case goods to be found
in the city.
No extra charge for engraving.
GUILFORD COLLEGE.
0
THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS PROSPEROUS COLLEGE.
OPEN TO YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN
Four large, commodious buildings. Noted for its Christian and home-like
healthful influence. Classical, Scientific, Latin-Scientific Courses, Normal, Busi
ness, Art and Music Departments. Society Libraries, Scientific Labo
ratory and Cabinet. Faculty of able instructors. Charges moderate. For cata
logues address, THE PRESIDENT,
Guilford College, N. C.