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The Weather To-Day: {EKES?I RAIN. The News and Observer. vol. xlix. no. as. Leads all MorthOarolinaDailies inNews andCireulation KNOX AND DEWET AGAIN IN BATTLE Barker, Pilcher and White Are With Knox. THE SCENE IS LEUWKOP Dewet Hopes to Break Through and Go South. ATTACKS ON UTRECHT AND BOKSBURG The Boers Driven Off in Both Instances. The Eastern and Western Columns in Cape Colony Are Retiring Before the British. (By the Associated Press.) London, D3c. 28.—(Friday, 3 a. m.) — The latest disnatches from South Africa show that Lord Kitchener has succeeded in bolding the invading Boers in check. But he has not yet been successful in expelling them from Cape Colony, while small commandoes continue to display as tonishing daring and activity over an im mensely wide field. It is Questionable whether his procla- ! mation will have much effect until Gen- i eral Dewet has been captured. The Boers are likely to regard it as a sign of j weakness. i Queen Victoria, it is said, has approved • the proposal to institute a new order of knighthood So reward officers who have served in South Africa. The order will probably be called the Star of Africa. A dispatch from.Vryburg, dated Decem ber 20th. says the Boers in considerable numbers,were then making an unexpected movement westward. They had ISO wag ons. The dispatch suggests that they were trekking to Damaraland, although the Boers themselves denied such an in tention. KITCHENER’S DISPATCHES. Boers Held in Check bnt not Yet Expelled from Cape Colony. (By the Associated Press.) London, Dec. 27.—The following dis patch has been received from Lord Kitch ener: “Pretoria, Dec. 26.—Knox, with Barker, Pilcher and White, is engaged with Dew et's force, holding a position in the neigh borhood of Leuwkop. “Dewet hopes to break through and go south again. “The Boers’ eastern column in Cape Colony is apparently headed by our troops about Reitport Spruit. The Boers’ wes tern column is reported to have gone north in two portions, one towards Prieska and the other through Stryden burg. They are being followed up.” The following dispatch from General Kitchener was received from Pretoria un der today’s date: “Yesterday 200 Boers attacked a small police post near Boksburg. The police gallantly drove them off before reinforce ments from Johannesburg arrived. The Boers damaged the mining machinery in the neighborhood. “The Boer 3 attacked Utrecht at two o’clock this morning and were driven oft'. “The Boers held up a train three miles west of Pan and were driven off. “The eastern force of Boers in Cape Colony was headed yesterday and driven in the direction of Venterstad. The wes tern force is still being driven north through Strydenburg.” VAIN ATTACKS BY BOERS. Newcastle, Natal, Dec. 27.—The Boers celebrated Christmas in the district be tween Standerton and Ingogo by more or less determined attack upon every British garrison along the lines of communica tion. These, however, were in all cases successfully repulsed. At Utrecht the Boer commandant sent in a demand for whiskey, cigars and Christmas luxuries, failing which he threatened to attr~*'~the town. His demand was ignored auu the Boers attacked Utrecht in strong force Christmas morning. They were repulsed with loss, the British casualties being but. slight. FAILURE TO FLANK THE BOERS. Burghersdorp, -Cape Colony, Wednesday, Dec. 23.—Colonel Grenfell continues in touch with Kruitzengers’ command of 200 men, who are carrying off the British prisoners. Kruitzengers has abandoned his Maxims and carts. An attempt of the Ninth Lancers to turn Kruitzengers’ flank at Plaisterheuvel. December 24th, resulted in eight casualties among the Lancers, including Lord Frederick Black wood, who was wounded. THE YEOMANRY RELEASED. London, Dec, 27.—The Evening Standard today says it understands that the squadron of Yeomanry, which, as an nounced in a dispatch from Cape Town yesterday was entrapped and captured by the Boers, whom they were following from Britstown. was released after the men had been relieved of their horses and other equipment. Ten of the Yeomanry, the paper adds, were wounded. BOERS ATTACK BURGHERSDORP. Cape Town, Dec. 27.—A small party of Boers attacked Burghersdorp on Decem ber 24th. They were repulsed after heavy fighting. The Boers are active and skirmishes in several places have been reported. THE STOEY UNFOUNDED Walih Thus Replies to a Question About Mak ing Bryan Candidate in 1904. (By the Associated Press.) Chicago, Dec. 27. —Charles A. Wals-fl, of lowa, Secretary of the Democratic Na lional committee, arrived here today to assist in arranging for the meeting of the National Executive committee in January. Regarding a report circulated to the ef fect that the present organization of the Democratic party is planning to make William J. Bryan the Presidential candi date in 1904, he said: "There is no foundation for such a story. As the last address sent out by the committee says “it is not designed to advance the interests of any man or faction.’ that is what the organization declared and that is all I have to say about the matter.” DUMPING CARGO INTO SEA Wreckers in Charge of the Homerick Aground Near Caesar’s Creek. (By the Associated Press.) Miami, Fla., Dec. 27. —The steamer re ported ashore south of Miami, in last, night’s dispatches is the Homerick, of Baltimore, laden with coal for Mexico. The heavy seas have prevented the wreck ers from approaching her until this after noon. They now have her in charge and the entire cargo is being dumped into the sea. They hope to float the vessel by to morrow noon. The wreckers contracted to float the Homerick for $7,000. She is on the reefs, near Caesar’s Creek. 20 miles south of Miami. Lee Invited to the Century Ball. (By the Associated Dress.) Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 27.—General Fitzhugh Leo, commander of the De partment of the Missouri, today ac cepted an invitation of the Commercial ■Club to attend tin* century ball to be given in Co,:\ention Hall on the last night of the year. General Lee will be accompanied by his staff and pos sibly by Mrs. Lee and her daughter. January Ist General Lee leaves for Leavenworth and Fort Riley, Kansas, to inspect .he army posts at those points. REPORT DFTHE CROPS Wheat Crop of 1900 Fstimat ed at 522,229,506. Corn Crop One of the Four Largest Ever Gath ered. Hav Harvest One of Smallest on Record. (By the Associated Press.) Washington, Dec. 27. —The Statistician of the Department of Agriculture esti mates the United States wheat crop of 1900 at 522,229,506 bushels, the area actu ally harvested being 42,495,395 acres and average yield per acre 12.29 bushels. The production of winter wheat is estimated at 350,025,409 bushels and that of spring wheat at 172,204,096 bushels, the area actually being 26,235,897 acres in the form er case and 16,259,488 acres in the lat ter. The winter wheat acreage totally abandoned in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois is finally placed at 3,522,787 acres and the spring wheat acreage totally abandoned in North Dakota and South Dakota at* 1,793,567 acres. The extraor dinarily rapid rate at which the winter average of Nebraska is gaining upon the spring wheat average of that State htfs necessitated a special investigation of the relative extent to which the two varie ties were grown during the past year. The result of the investigation is that while no change is called for in the total wheat figures of the State 590,575 acres have been added to the winter wheat column at the expense of the spring variety. The new seeded area of winter wheat is estimated at 30,282,564 acres. While this acreage is slightly greater than that sown in the fall of 1899 as estimated at the time, it is 600,654 acres less than the area that was actually sown, the dis crepancy being due to remarkably rapid development of winter wheat growing in Nebraska with which, as above stated, the Department reports had failed to keep pace. A comparison of the newly seeded acreage with that of the fall of 1899 shows that of the eleven States and Ter ritories that sowed one million acres or upward with winter wheat one year ago, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Kansas, Califor nia and Oklahoma report an increase amounting to 971,703 acres, and Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Texas and Tennessee a decrease of 1.780,191 acres. The average condition of the growing crop on December Ist was 97.1 per cent of the normal. % There are many complaints of the Hessian fly, but low condition figures reported from Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee 86, 80, 87 and 84, respec tively, are fully offset by the exceptional ly high condition reported from Kansas, Missouri, California, Oklahoma and other States, in all of which it is above nor ma]. The production of corn in 1900 is esti mated at 2,105,102,516 bushe’s; oa s, 809,- 125,969 bushels; barley, 53.925,833 bushels; rye, 23,995,927 bushels: buckwheat. 9,566,- 966 bushels; potatoes, 210.926.897 bushels and hay, 50.110,906 tons. The area from which these crops were gathered was as follows in acres: Corn. 83.320,782; oats, 27,364,795; barley, 2.594.282; rye. 1,991,326; buckwheat, 637,- 930; potatoes, 2,611,054. and hav, 39,182,* 890. The corn crop of 1500 was one of the four largest ever gathered, while Lie oat crop has only once been exceeded On the other hand, the barley and rye crops are the smallest with one exception in each case since 18S7; the buckwheat crop is the smallest since 1883 and vhe hay ! cron the smallest with one exception since ‘ 1880. RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA. FiuPAY MORNING DECEMBER *38.1900. EDUCATORS OF THE SOOTH IN SESSION President Fulton Delivers a Forceful Address. IT* , WHITE MAN AND NEGRO Identical Methods of Education For Them Wrong. FOR GREAT SOUTHERN CENTRAL COLLEGE Colleges Should Not Attempt the Work of Pre pare ry Schools. Dabney Reads a Paper on Scientific and Technical Edu cation in the South. (By the Associated Press.) Richmond, Va., Dec. 27.—The tenth an nual convention of the Southern Educa tional Association met here this morning, the attendance being very good. The body was called to order by J. L. Hill, Chair man of the local Committee of Arrange ments, and an invocation was made by Rev. Carey E. Morgan, of this city. Addresses of welcome were delivered by Governor J. Hoge Tyler, Mayor Rich ard M. Taylor, and City School Superin tendent Fox, and :esponses were made by Superintendent Wooten, of Paris, Texas; R. G. Glen, State Commissioner of Edu cation, Atlanta, Ga., and Superintendent of Public Institutions J. G. Calhoun, of Louisiana. Mr. Hill then surrendered the gavel to President R. B. Fulton, Chancel lor of the University of Mississippi, who thereupon took charge of the convention and delivered his annual address. ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT FULTON. R. B. Fulton, Chancellor of the Univer sity of Mississippi, in his annual address as president of the association, discussed the facilities for education given by the South to the white and colored races, and said in each State they had divided with the colored race the funds raised by taxes paid almost entirely by white men and had given equal educational fa cilities at the public expense. He asked whether it had proven that the studies which train to acuteness the Anglo-Saxon mind were the best to sharpen the Mon golian or the African intellect. Had not blind sentiment been aiming to give Anglo-Saxon minds to the negro race in stead of offering that development and trafining which would best meet the pos sibilities of that race. Millions of dol lars had been spent annually for thirty five years in the Southern States for the education of the negro race. Had there been an adequate return in advance ment shown? It was, lie added, the duty of tiie intelligent educators of the South to study and discuss these problems in all fullness and with impartial interest and to determine .in form and kind and method the education and training that should be afforded to the negro race. Continuing President Fulton said in part: “There are two important particulars in which coming changes will certainly modify the policies and the work of our schools of higher rank. In the first place, those institutions which as are to be called colleges or universities must see that vastly more is lost than is gained when their rolls are swelled by the names of immature students in preparatory classes, and when the funds and energies of the institutions are spent in work that properly belongs to elementary or second ary schools. In the second place, insti tutions intended to give specially scien tific or technical training will learn that then* best work is not done when they attempt to be all things to all men—to work upon material that should be in the grammar schools as well as that which is more advanced—to give classical or lit erary culture as well as technical studies to prepare for ultimate entrance into the profession of teaching as well as for the management of industrial enterprises. Technical education in the- South, in the institutions already established, and in those which may be established, will not achieve for individuals, nor for the community, the highest and fullest results until such education shall be made to con form more fully with the law which the experience of all the past shows to be the governing principle in educational ad vancement. “The greatest educational need of the South today is at least one institution pre-eminently fitted by its material equipment, its means of support, and its environment to command and hold with out challenge the position of leader in technical training among the institutions about it. No one of the State institutions can claim this position for our section. To afford the material appliances for such an institution as we need $1,000,009 is a minimum sum. To maintain its work as it should be, an endowment of not less than $3,000,000 would be required. One in stitution with ample equipment, pr#perly located and organized, could easily be made to exert a guiding and helpful influ ence upon all manual and technical train ing in all schools in the South. (an there not be found somewhere that union of wealth, material with wealth of noble liberality which shall pro vide in the first year’s of the coming century for this most pressing need of education in the South.” President Charles W. Dabney, of the University of Tennessee, read a paper on "Scientific and Technical Education in the South.” Technical skill, the speaker said, is needed to utilize the raw material to thev | best advantage. The time comes, however. ?Jn the history of every nation when it anust, educate its people in science and ttsrai,n them in manufactures and indus tries, or it. will go down. This higher scientific education is the forerunner of high prosperity and the nation which fails to develop the intellectual faculty for production must degenerate, for it can not stand still. in society as in biology, there are three states. In the first, the state of primal equilibrium things grow neither better nor worse; the second is the state of evo lution or development, during which ani mals and plants adapt themselves to their environments and take on new charac teristics; the third is that of degenera tion, when they first stand still, then decay, and so go back to the earth from which they sprang. The same is true of nations. Our southland stands at the beginning of the second state. We have lived as long as w*e can upon the boun ties of nature and have reached that point at which we must study science, learn the arts, use our material resources and accumulate wealth, or else fall be hind and go down. The study of science and the applica tion of science always have gone and al ways must go hand in hand. As a mat ter of fact, discoverers and appliers of science are often combined in the same person. The interests of pure science and of technology are largely identical, and science cannot take a step forward without opening new fields for industry. New truths in science always lead to new develofiments in industry. Hence, we must have the inventor as well as the in vestigator. It is not generally known that General Lee was a great believer in scientific and technical education. The Southern people have still to realize the ideals ot Lee in education. EDUCATION FOR WOMEN. The morning session was concluded by an admirable paper read by Miss Celestia 8. Parrish, Professor of Physiology and Philosophy at the Randolph-Macon Wo man’s College of Lynchburg, on the sub ject, “Education for Southern Women.” Last year about 1,200 Southern women, she said, were doing college work in recog nized institutions throughout the college year. Although the results of ihe opening schools to Southern women, are, under the circumstances, astonishing large, they (Continued on Second Page.) II RIOT IN THE JAIL \ft ’••• i Twenty Maddened Women Attack the Matron. The Warden Coming to Her Aid, Assaulted. Rescued by Sheriff and Deputies. Straight Jackets For Two. (By the Associated Press.) New York, Dec. 27.—Twenty maddened female prisoners in the Raymond Street jail, Brooklyn, rioted today and fiercely assaulted Matron Fannie Handy, and Warden McGrath. There was no attempt to escape. The riot was the consequence of nothing but ill feeling. Miss Handy was transferring the prisoners from one corridor to another in the woman's sec tion when she was attacked by Nellie Jones, a powerfully built woman, who had been sentenced to fifteen days for intoxi cation. Miss Handy was felled. Nine teen other prisoners then assaulted her. While the blows rained thick upon her head and body she managed to reach a push button that rang a bell in the war den’s office. Warden McGrath rushed to the woman’s department without waiting to call for assistance. As he entered the corridor he diverted the attention of the infuriated women and they jumped on him. The blows were fast and furious and McGrath went to (he floor. Hatpins were brought into play and his face, head and neck w*ere gouged. Miss Handy made her way through the crowd and again rang the alarm. The sheriff, under-sheriff and five deputies replied. They had much trouble in sub duing the women, but succeeded, and two of them were placed in straight jackets. The others w r ere put in separate cells,and then the prison physician was called to attend the wounded warden and (he mat ron. Hopes For the Oswald. (By the Associated Fress.) Miami, Fla., Dec. 27.—The wrecking tug Albert F. Dewey has gone with fifty stevedores to the steamer Mound Oswald, which is ashore south of here. The Os wald is bad'y bilged, but it is hoped that after jettisoning the cargo she will be floated. A LETfER FROM DREYFUS. Demands an Inquiry Into a Charge by Henri Rochefort. (By the Associated Press.) Paris, Dee. 27. —Dreyfus has written to the Premier, M. Waldeck-Rousseau, classing as another falsehood the recent statement of M. Henri Rochefort, in the Intransigeant, that he, Dreyfus, had sent to Emperor William of Germany in 1854, a letter stolen from the German Embassy at Paris and which, annotated by the Em peror, constituted formal proof of the crime, “for which I have been twice un justly condemned,” and adding: “My innocence is absolute and legal recognition of this innocence by a revision I will seek to my last breath. I am not the author of the bordereau annotated by (he Emperor, which is a forgery, nor of the original, authentic bordereau, writ ten by Esterhazy to save Henry. All the principal authors of my iniquitous con demnation are still alive. I am not des poiled of all my rights. I still retain that of every man to defend las honor and have the truth proclaimed. I there fore have the right to ask you to order an inquiry.” THE TESTIMONY OF TWO TAR HEELS Cadets Willis G. Peace and Walter H. Lee. BRUTALITY IS DENIED Hazing Until Its Object Has to be Helped Brutal. THIS IS CADET PEACE’S DEFINITION Oscar Bocz’ Brother Declares That Oscar Was No Coward and That His Record at the Preparatory Sch:oi Was Good. (By ihe Associated Press.) West Point, N. Y„ Dec. 27.—There was an unusually large attendance of specta tors at both the morning and afternoon sessions of the Military court of inquiry at the Military Academy toda>. The fact that two witnesses from distant points would be called upon to testify was the cause of the increased interest. One of these was Horace C. Booz, a civil engineer of Buffalo, and P. O. Phillips, of Cleveland. The testimony given by the former was principally a refutation of the statement made about his brother, former Cadet Oscar L. Booz. of Bristol, Pa., who died recently. Several of the cadet witnesses during the progress of the investigation accused Booz of having shown cowardice in his fight with Cadet Keller in August, 18s8, and they also accused hi n of un truthfulness. Lieutenant Coe, instructor of mathema tics, in his testimony last week stated that Booz was not possessed of sufficient mental capacity to pass the necessary ex amination at this Academy. His brother stated today that this was not so. as the manner :u which the former cadet bad passed his examinations at. the preparatory school at Bustleton, Pa., was sufficient to prove that Oscar was posses sed of sufficient intellect,. On the other hand he said Oscar was not untruthful and said he was anything but a coward. Mr. Phillips’ principal reason lor ap pearing before the court was to show that lie had not visited the academv in 1898 lor the purpose of saving his son from being hazed. He said that in his opin ion Booz was not of the kind of material of which good army officers would be made. < adet Willis G. Peace, of North Caro lina, said he knew former Cadet Breth, and saw him hazed in the tent of ex-. Cadet Beder in camp in 1897. The wit ness after requests to describe various lorms of hazing to which Breth was sub jected, replied: I cannot exactly describe them in de tail, but I think they were the usual forms, such as holding out Indian clubs until it became tiresome, doing wooden willie and jthsr things which were in \ogue at that time. Breth was a very awkward man and did not seem to be able to do anything right. Ho was sub ject to nervousness and was easily rat tled.” Continuing, the witness said: 1 cot a letter from Breth about six months after he left here. In it he tried to explain his difficulty in doing things right while at the post here, and said that he had been suffering from sickness and the time he was in camp. He had hoped to get better in barracks, but did not.” The witness in reply to General Clous said that he knew of about eight fights having occurred during the first two years he was in the academy and about nine during the next two years. In reply to General Bates, the cadet said that whenever a fourth-class man was in trouble or w*anted he would come to a class man for information and he would invariably get it. ' Is there any hatred or feeling in ex istence between first-class men and fourth-class men?” asked the General. “I don’t believe there is any feeling on the part of the first-class men against fourth-class men. but there may be on the ;art of fourth-class men against the upper class. This may be accounted for bv the treatment of the low*er class, but this feeling passes away when the cadets are advanced to the third-class.” Peace went on to say that he did not consider exercising brutal. “Then you don’t think that being re quired to exert yourself physically against your will almost to the point of exhaustion, brutal?” exclaimed General Bates. “I was exercised myself, sir, and I did not think it was brutal. It was uncom fortable, but I never knew it to result in permanent injury.” The witness said there were some men who seemed to be without the faculty of judging when a man had enough. After being closely questioned as to what he w’ould consider brutality in haz ing, the witness replied: I should say that if a cadet wrere hazed to such an extent that he would have to be helped by his fellows the hazing would be brutal.” This answer was given after General Bates had intimated to the witness that in ease a cadet died from the effects of such hazing the law would hold all of those who took part in it. responsible for the man’s death. Cadet Clarence H. Knight, of Florida, in reply to General Clous, said he had taken part in a fitrht when he was a third-class man. His» opponent was a PRICE FIVE CENTS. fourth-class man named Wory, who was since dismissed. The fight took place in 1898 and Knight won. Neither was a scientific boxer. Cadet Walter 11. Lee, of North Carolina, said that on one occasion lie made a fourth-class man do the “eagling.” “What was his name?” “T. F. Smith.” “Do you know the sweating process?” “les, sir, 1 went through it. i had (o wear a rain coat and then a blanket out side. I perspired freely. This was in ray tent in summer time and lasted about twenty minutes.” ‘Which would you rather do, hundred and fifty eagles, or sweating process?” asked General Bates. ”1 would . ake the 150 eagles, sir,” was the reply. The court adjourned until 9:30 tomorrow morning. CALLOWAY TO BE RE-SENTENCED. Greensboro to Have a Shoe Factory Early in the New Year. (Special to News and Observer.) Greensboro, N. C., Dec. 27.—Judge Boyd / this morning issued an order directing United States Marshal Milliken to have M. M. Calloway, a Federal prisoner re cently captured in Texas, brought here to be re-sentenced. Four years ago Cal loway was sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment at Albany, N. Y., but es caped from Marshal Allison while chang ing cars in Greensboro. He was captured a few days ago by a deputy marshall of Dallas, Texas, and is at present confined m jail in Statesville. Judge Boyd will re sentence him to the Federal prison in Nashville, Tenn. Among the new enterprises that will be put in operation here early in the new year in a shoe factory, which will be conducted by Johnson & Watson, well known business men of this city. The machinery has been purchased and the factory will be running within a few weeks. Boys' and youths’ shoes will be manufactured. John W. Stack was today appointed as sktaut custodian and janitor of the Greensboro Federal building. IT ITS Ml VALUE Real and Personal Property Thus Assessed in Pender. Evidence Will be Introduced Later Regarding Undervaluation of Railroad Property. Tribute to Mr. R. 0. Bu»ton. (Special to News and Observer.) Wilmington, N. C.. Dec.. 27.—The ex amination of witnesses on the part of the State was resumed today before Judge Shepherd, in this place. Judge Shepheid in a few feeling and appropriate remarks announced the death of Mr. R. O. Burton. His remarks were responded to by Messrs. Rountree, Hinsdale. Price and Connor, who paid tributes to the character and ability of the distinguished deceased. On motion of Mr. Rountree the court ad journed until 12 m. in respect to the memory of Mr. Burton. The court met again at 12 o’clock and the following witnesses were examined, all from Pender county: W. M. Hand, R. W. Collins. D. S. Black. R. T. Williams, M. M. Bullard, A. E. Burton, W. J. Player, J. H. Colvin, R.K. Bryan and J. H. Moore. Those were all assessors. They testi fied that in the assessment of real and personal property in ’99 the purpose was to value real and personal property at its actual cost value, and that they had so assessed it;that there was not then and never had been any purpose or design among the assessors of Pender county to under-assess property, and that wherever property had been over-valued or under valued it was by mistake of judgment and not intentional. A number of the wit nesses stated that they would now sell their property at assessed valuation. Be fore cross examination they reiterated their testimony in chief. Twenty more assessors from Pender, who are now present will be examined to morrow. Evidence will be introduced later cn regarding the undervaluation of railroad property. SOLDIERS FOUND MURDERED. They Are Believed to Have Been 81ain by Chinese (By the Associated Press.) Pekin, Dec. 27.—British soldiers have been found dead outside the Temple of Heaven v/ith bullets in their heads. The murders are believed to have been com mitted by Chinese. A detachment of the Sixth United States cavalry, Ninth infantry and Fifth artillery will leave tomorrow to investi gate the reported burning of native Chris tians by Boxers, as reported by Rev. Mr. Kelly, the Presbyterian missionary. The expedition will be commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Theo. Wint, of the i Sixth cavalry. * Lieutenant Slack Dead. (By 11 e Associated Press.) Washington, Dec*. 27. —A cablegram from General MacArthur, at Manila, received at the War Department, an nounces the death of First Lieutenant Walter T. Slack, Forty-seventh volun teer infantry, from dysentery Friday night. lie was a native of Kentucky and was born July 10th, 1875, at Grayson, Carter county. An enterprising St. Ixniis tobacconist advertises: “Imported cigars of my own manufacture.” combed.”
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