The. Weather Today: Rain. SIXTEEN PAGES—SECTION ONE—Pages 1 to 8, The News and Observer. ■ '"’Un . ' VOL. LI. NO. 122. leads all Wertfa Carolina Bailies in News and Circulation THE CHRISTIANS DO THE FIGHTING These Are the Filipinos Who Make Trouble, SO DECLARES JUDGE TAFT And Names the Provinces Were War Flames Hottest. ORGANIZING THE. CIVIL GOVERNMENT When laguna and Samar Are Taken in Practi cally All the Archipelago Capable of Being Organized Will be Un der Civil Rule. <By the Associated Press.) Washington. Feb. I.—(Governor Taft today continued his statement concern ing conditions in the Philippine archi pelago before the Senate Committee on the Philippines. He resumed his ac count of his last year’s tour of the prov inces. He said that next to Manila, t'ebu came nearer to being a city in point of population and manner of improve ment than any other place in the archi pelago. The Island of Cebu, he said, is the most densely settled of the group. Speaking generally, Governor Taft t-aid there were no roads in the Philip pine Islands under the Spanish, but that since the establishment of American control $1,000,000 had been appropriated for road improvement both for strate gic and commercial purposes. In most if not all the islands. Governor Taft said, there is a mountain backbone which is practically impassable- Gen. Hall had succeeded in crossing the Lu on mountains but his men were almost dead when they emerged- In his tour, Governor Taft had found the industries in rogress. though much interrupted, largely on account of the dcsttuctlon of the water buffalo or cari bao, the work cattle of the island. This animal he described as “the beast of burden, the family friend, the wealth of the individual and the object of all the robber raids of the mountain dis tricts.” Governor Taft said that the Island of Cebu was not long organized into a civ ilized government until it was fouud necessary to return to military control. He had, however, been informed just before his departure for the United States that the 300 or 400 insurgents on the island had surrendered and that the island had been entirely tranquilized. This statement led Senator Hale to ask a question: “I have observed by the newspapers that there were forty one small lights within the space of thirty days; where do they occur?” The reply was that most of those en counters had taken place in P.ataugas, Laguna, Mindoro, Bohol, Samar, Cebu and a few other places. Most of the troops are in those provinces- Referring to the Maccaebes, Governor Taft said they had always been at war with their neighbors: that they had formerly been friends of the Spaniards and that when the transfer of the coun try was made they had also transferred their allegiance to the United States. He thought there were 8,000 or 10,000 of them. __ "You spoke,” said Senator Culberson, as the witness progressed, "of .disagree ments between the civil and the military authorities as to whether there should be a civil or military control of a certain district; in such eases who determines as to whet shall be done?" "That,” replied Governor Taft, “is a question of instructions, or rather of construction of instructions: but we have gotten along so far without radi cal disagreement.v One difficulty of this kind was submitted to Washington and we were told we must reconcile our dif ferences if we could. We did so and have had no other material difficulties of the kind.” Governor Taft spoke frequently of the unreliability of all estimates of the population, but said there are probably six million Filipinos or Christians, one and a half or two millions of non-Chris tians and probably' a million of Moros. However, a census was badly needed. The members of tin* committee smiled when Governor Taft said that the Chris tians had made ail the troule. He ex plained that it is necessary to provide a more paternal form of government for the Igorrotcs than for the Filipinos. It was also impracticable to place Filipino governors over tlmsc people. In reply to Senator Patterson. Gover nor Taft said that there probably were two thousand rifles in the hands of in surrectos in the islands, and there are some of the latter who do not carry guns. H? could not. he said, tell where the rifles and the ammunition came from. As to the Juntas most, of them are con centrated now at. Hong Kong, composed mostly of natives of Ilatangas who had made theii money in coffee growing. Replying to Senator Dubois the wit ness said that Laguna and Samar are tlie only considerable Filipino province which have not been organized, and with those provinces organized, practically all the Philippines capable of being taken in would be under civil government. In reply to other questions from Mr. Dubois, Governor Taft said that the Filipinos have a greater attachment for tlwir country than, for instance, iho Chinese have Tor theirs. "Ike Filipino,” he suid, "is attached first to his town and second to his prov ince, and he is, I thinuk, now forming an attachment for the name of Filipino. On that pride of country and on the Filipinos’ desire for education," he ad ded, "I base my hope in the success of what we are doing in the islands.” In reply to other questions. Governor Taft said that he estimated that from five to seven per cent of the people read and write the Spanish language, but that he could not say what proportion of the people could write their own lan guage. One great difficulty encountered is the fact that the people of the differ ent provinces do not understand the lan guage of one of another. The witness said that many of the 833 American teachers are engaged in instructing the Filipino teachers. As a rule the people appeared anxious to get the education thus given, but in some cases the priests were manifesting a disposition to establish parish schools for their people. Governor Taft said that Spanish is the only language that is common through out the archipelago, and that this was the only instrument of communication with outside thought. This condition of affairs. Governor Taft said, had led him recently to vote for the eontinunace of Spanish as the official language of the islands, for if English should now be constituted the official language it would be impossible to conduct business ytih out the aid of interpreters. At this point Senator Patterson asked Governor Taft whether the Filipino of average intelligence is capable of dis tinguishing between air independent gov ernment. for his country and a benevolent and paternal form of government suhe as the United States would give. Reply ing Governor Taft said that a Filipino of such intelligence was capable of maknig such a distinction, but he emphasized the necessity of making sure that the Filipino who must pass upon this prob lem is a man of such intelligence. “Do you depend on their ignorance?” Mr. Patterson asked, "to make them amenable to our rule?” The response was an emphatic no. "Our hope,” said Governor Taft, “is in the educated classes.” Replying to questions by Senator Raw lins, Governor Taft said that three of the members of the Federal party were as sociated in the Government of the islands, but notwithstanding this fact the government was in no way respon sible for the promises of statehood, made by that party in its platform. Enlarging upon the subject of the Federal party Governor Taft said that it comprised probably a majority of the educated peo ple of the archipelago, but that when the commission had been asked to either ap prove or disapprove of its platform, it had refused to do cither. WIPED ODE By FIDE Pritchard and Winstead’s Stemmery Crumbles in Flames, (Special to the News and Observer.) Goldsboro, N. Feb. L—Pritchard & Winstead’s tobacco stemmery was de stroyed by fire this evening, together with a large quantity of leaf tobacco. The fire was discovered at 7 o’clock near the engine room. At 8 o’clock the de stiuction is complete. The building, owned by H. Weil Bros, and others, was 80 by 100 feet, three and a half stories in height. A conservative estimate places the loss between $40,000 and $30,000, with some $30,000 insurance on building and stock Mr. Pritchard was seen but declined to make any statements as to the prob able loss in the absence of the books of the concern, which are in the ruins and contain a record both of stock carried and insurance on same- The Goldsboro Buggy Company’s large factory was in great danger during the progress of the tiro, but heroic work of the fire department, aided by the wind, this building. So intense was the heat and such the volume and fury of the flames that all efforts to save the stemmery were of no avail. Hundreds of our citiens came forth in the drizzling rain and stood and watched the awe-inspiring scene. It was a pic ture of terrific splendor as through dense smoke the tire-tongues shot for a hun dred feet into sace. About 130 hands will bo thrown out of employment as a result of the fire. THE DAOQRY FLOATED A Norwegian Steamship Dynamite Laden That Went Ashore Near Gall Bhoals (By the Associated Press.) Cape Henrv, Va., Feb. I.—The Norwe gian steamship Daggry, loaded with dy namite and railroad iron, before report ed ashore near Gull Shoals Life Saving Station, N. C.. was pulled off by tugs last night and is now on her way to Norfolpk. Hot Fight on Liquor Question ComiDg .(By the Associated Press) Richmond. Ya„ Feb- I.—The Consti tutional Convention, in committee of the whole, today adopted that portion of the report of the Committee on Biil of Rights relating to the homestead ex emption and fixing it at $2,000, without amendment. The Quarles-Barbour resolution, re ferring to liquor license, was then taken up. The debate was spirited today, and was but the beginning of a hot fight on the liquor question. Henderson. X. C.. Jan. 31.—Three at t« miffs to enter houses by burglars have Iven made here this week. They got $■- at Mrs. Croziers, $23 at Mr. Chas. Stainbacks, but were driven out of Mr. Drapers because they were Heard and] I ursuit was made. I RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. SUNDAY MORNING. EEHHUARY 2, 1902. JOHN BIDDLE DEAD ED, SLOWLY DYING Women Sympathize With the Handsome Desperado. DECLARE HIM INNOCENT Letter From Ed. Found on Mrs, Sof fel’s Person. IT SETS FORTH THE PLAN OF ESCAPE The Woman is the Only One Who will Recover. Physician's Fear Gangrene Would Follow Should She be Moved. (By the Associated Press.) Butler, Pa., Feb. I.—At the close of u day of intense excitentent and many conflictring stories concerning the chances for life of the wounded Biddle brothers and Mrs. Kate Soffel, the pected has happened. John Biddle, who until late this afternoon was thought the more likely brother to escape present death, died at 7:33 p. m. The condition of Ed Biddle tonight is exceedingly precarious and his death at any moment would cause no surprise. Mrs. Soffel developed symptoms of pneu monia this afternoon after having come safely through an operation this morn ing for the extraction of the bullet. She is the only one of the trio who has any chance of living. The death of Jack Bid dle was caused by the bullet wounds in his abdomen and bladder. Early in the day the physicians thought peritonitis was the principal danger in his ease, but tonight internal hemorrhage set in and the man bled to death in a short time. As long as he was able Jack was ex tremely talkative and was at times boastful. But as soon as the shadow of death began to fall, upon him aad he recognized it, he became repentent. ”1 know,” said he. "that my time here is short, and you can say for me that I am a Christian and will die a sincere believer in God and hope I have strength enough to say so at the last. I know r have taken part in many wrong deeds, but I have never killed any man and was never Implicated with one who did. r wish I could see Mrs. Kahncy. 1 would tell her the truth about the killing of her husband. This life lias been pretty tdugh to me and the end cannot come too quick, and I don’t care how." Ed Biddle has been unconscious the greater part of day, and it is evident to all that his lease of life is short. In ternal hemorrhage of the lungs keeps him almost continually choked. A sister of the Biddles arrived in town this even ing and was admitted to the jail, but Ed was unable to recognize her. The principal subject of conversation on the streets today has been whether the Butler county authorities would per mit the removal of the Biddles to Alle gheny county in the evept of either or both surviving their injuries. The con tenticn was realized that since the Bid dles were under arrest here for felonious shooting they could not be removed. Dis tiiet Attorney John R. Henninger dis pelled any doubts on that point this evening by stating that it was the inten tion to turn the men over to the Alle gheny authorities as soon as they were in condition to be moved with safety and the same feeling would be taken with reference to Mrs. Soffel. After a consultation at the hospital in the case of Mrs. Soffel this evening Dis trict Attorney Haymaker decided to al low the woman to remain here as her condition is such that the trip to Pitts burg tonight might be attended with latal results. Mrs. Soffel is suffering con siderably from her wound and the at tending physicians fear that her removal new would cause gangrene to set in. At torney Haymaker said there would be no distribution made of the prize money un til the claims of the Butler people bad been heard, and the latter will take steps to mtify the commissioners of Allegheny county of their claims. The excitement was unabated today and a dense crowd of people hanging about the jail doors all day trying to get in to see the two criminals. The most persistent of the crowd were women, many of whom expressed the deepest con cern and sympathy for Ed Biddle and de clared their belief in his innocence. This belief seemed to deepen when it became known that Erl Biddle made a death-bed confession to Rev. Father Walsh, of this place. Inst night, declaring his i:mo ei nee of the crime ot shooting Grocery rnan Kahney and Detective Fitzgerald. One of the sensational developments of the day which the authorities have tried to keep secret, was the finding on the person of Mrs. Soffel when searched at the hospital, a long letter from Ed Bid dle. setting forth in detail the plan for the escape of the brothers from jail, STOCXSDALE WILL COAC9- Trinity Ha* Arranged to Play a Large Num ber of Gaines This Season (Special to News and Observer.) Durham, X. i ... Feb. I.—Mr. O. 11. Stocksdulc, of last year’s Raleigh team, will arrive Monday, and is to coach the Tinity baseball team for three months. Material will not he lacking this year for a good team. Already there arc more than twenty applicants. The team will go into training Monday. The following schedules of games has been arranged March 19th, Trinity Park I-iigh School, at Durham: March 22nd, Horner Military School, at Durham: Mr,rch 24th, Mebane at Durham; March 26th and 27th. Lafayette at Durham: March 31, Easter Monday. Gallaudet, at Durham; April 2nd, Lehigh at Durham: April 4th Robart at Durham; April 9th, Agricultural and Mechanical College a-t Raleigh: April 12th, Agricultural and Mechanical College at Durham; April 14th, Wake Forest at Durham; April 19th, Richmond College at Durham; April 21st, Wake Forest at Raleigh: April 28th, Guilford College at Greensboro; May Ist, Bingham School, of Asheville, at Dur ham, May 3rd, Agricultural and Mechani cal CoPegr. (|n ease of a tie) at, Durham: May Sth. Wofford College at Spartanburg, S. C. Another game will be arranged with Wake Forest and also with Guilford be fore the season opens. U. G. Baumgardner is held at Cincin nati to await the arrival of an officer to bring him back .here. Mr. Woodall will gc to Cincinnati for him. From what can be learned it seems that while Baumgardner was in Durham, and while he was boarding at the Free land home, he was given four hundred dollars to invest for Mrs. Freeland. The charge is that he appropriated it to bis own use and did not invest it for her. It w-as on this that the grand jury secured evidence for a true bill. A BILL BY MR SMALL It Appropriates $150,000 For a Public Build ing at Elizabeth City. (Special to News and Observer.) Washington, D. C.. Feb. I.—Represen tative Small today introduced a bill ap propriating $130,000 for a public building at Elizabeth City. j Representative Blackburn has secured a small job in the House for J. D. Her man. of Taylorsville. Horribly Burned. (Ayden Baptist.) The Avden Baptist says: "Friday evening last. Mrs. Barney Laks, who : fives at Saint’s Delight church. Green • county, was most horribly burned- She { was transferring oil from one vessel into another in front of the fire. The oil dripped down upon the fire place and The flames soon covered her. . Her husband threw a wet blanket over j her. being assisted by a neighbor who j was present. There is little hope of re covery. TEN DEAD OF HUNGER Chaffue Gives up the Marines Lost on March Across Samar, (By the Associated Press.) | Washington, Feb. I.—General Chaffee has cabled to the War Department a re port of the march of Major Waller and his marines across Samar. It is the first full account of *ho march and tells a tale of terrible suffering and hardship. Thes tory of the suffering is told in the following dispatch "The War Department is advised of the (rip of Major Waler, four officers and fifty men of the Marine Corps, 36 nativq bearers, with four days’ rations, who started the last week in December from Lanang on the east oeast of Samar, to cross the island of Basey, about 33 miles, on map. Trail at one time exist ed, but found in places onvl. Lietu. Lyles, 12th nifantry, accompaneid the command. Incessant rains from the start, swollen streams and other natural obstacles made progress extremely slow. When rations consumed, men exhausted rapidly, dropping on the way. Major Waller separated from Captain Porter, Liuei. R. F. Williams and a major part of the men. 1 proceeded toward Basey. where he arrived January 9th with two officers, thirteen men, also Lieut. Lyles. He returned to the mountains next day witth relief, but returned to Basey about ten days later unsuccessful. Porter was to build rafts, but timber would not float. Second day after separating from Waller, Porter moved toward Lanang. arriving January Uth with two men and all exhausted physically and mentally. Lieut. R. P. Williams and over thirty men left in mountains in similar condi tion with native bearers. Relief expedi tion under Lieut. Kenneth P. Williams, First Infantry, delayed starting two days by storm raging and torrent river. Started thirteenth, reached marines 18th. saving Lieut. Williams and al except ten men not found, who are no doubt dead from starvation. Namely: Privates Fangule, E. Foster. G. M. Britt. T. Ward, Brown, F. F. Murrv, T. Buffet, Bailey, Baroni. Connell R. Kettle, died hospital Tacloban. Januarv 23. Capt. Porter, Lieut. Williams and 18 men hospital, Tacloban. not very clear in mind re garding much of time covered by period of suffering. All will probably recover. Major Waller at present disordered in his recollections. Suffering of this command twenty days cannot be described. The efforts of Lieut. Williams, First infantry, and his relief party, unequalled for courage and labor." Genera! Passenger Agent Bunco, ot the S. A. L.. is sending out a lot of handsome folders giving information about winter and summer homes in the South. If a young man is in love with a girl and she refuses to marry him it may break his heart.; if she does marry him tin? chances are it will break his pocket book. A NEVOLUTIDN AT A,AND M.COLLEGE Fine Work of the Biological Club Described. PRACYICAL EXPERIMENTS Boys Gaming Scientific Knowledge to be Used in Every Day Life. A GREAT FOUNDATION BEING LAID Personal Observations of Interesting Facts of a Scientific or Economic Nature Rela’irg to Agriculture Told in a Clear, Strong, Plain Way. “I have seen something this week,” said one of North Carolina's most emi nent men, "which is a great revelation to me, and which gives me much hope concerning the future of our State. It is the instruction in agriculture and rural science at the A. and M. College. Last Thursday night, in company with sev eral other gentlemen, I went out to at tend a meeting of students’ club, or ganized to study these subjects- What 1 saw and heard then, and what I learn from the officers of the institution con cerning instruction in agriculture at the college, satisfies me beyond a doubt that a great foundation is being laid there for agricultural education and the training of farmers who will some day make our old fields as rich as gardens. "The young men were assembled in Horticultural Hall. A member of the senior class was president and a fresh man was secretary. About thirty mem bers of the club and about a dozen visi tors constituted the company. The president called the meeting to order promptly, and then announced that the first thing on the program was ’Person al Observations.’ It seems that each member of the club is expected to per sonally observe some interesting fact, or series of facts, of a scientific or econom ic nature relating to agriculture, and to tell the club what he has seen: a sort of ‘experience meeting.’ Four different speakers gave the club an account of their personal observations. One told of a minute little animalcule, called the Cyclops, which he had been studying under the microscope. Another had been experimenting with willow twigs, try ing to root a twig by burying the small end instead of the large- Soon a sprout put forth from the large end. and many roots from the small end, but thus ap parently sending the sap and’ nourish ment the reverse direction from na ture's: presently these roots all died, and other roots put out beyond the sprout, from the large end. pushing down through the air into the ground: thus showing that the sap would not run the wrong way- Another observer had been testing the influence of various kinds of bacteria on milk. "Each of these speakers seemed thor oughly familiar with his subject and deeply interested in It. He spoke hand, without notes, and in a clear, sim ple and natural manner. Evidently his eyes had been open to see and to study nature, and his mind had become quick, active and alert. There was no ranting or gesticulating, no effort at oratory or declamation, but a plain, strong, clear statement of facts in a perfectly easy and natural way. Some of the speakers were interrupted by questions, which they answered. The audience were deeply interested. Nobody was talking or gaping or otherwise engaged than in listening. Every performance was spon taneous. enthusiastic, cleareut and strong- I was simply amazed. It was such a contrast to the usual literary so ciety performance in our schools and colleges. "After the personal observation’ fea ture came a most interesting talk on mosquitoes. The dissemination of typhoid fever and of yellow fever by mosquitoes was explained: and the various experi ments which have been performed in this country, in Italy, in Cuba and else where along this line were related. Then came a very interesting paper on evo lution, with arguments derived from fossil remains, illustrated by black board drawings which dealt with the evolution of the horses’ hoof and the horns of the deer. Then followed obser vations of chrysanthemum rust, by the president of the club- After this came one of the most delightful talks of the evening, on autumnal colorations, by a freshman, who told of the changes in color of the oaks, maples, gums, ashes and other trees, evincing large acquaint ance and exact knowledge as well as almost affectionate interest- The last paper of the evening dealt with spar rows in relation to agriculture, by the secretary, a bright young fellow, who told of the many ways in which the na tive American sparrow is helpful to the fgrm and how the English sparrow is cor respondingly harmful. "All together there were ten different speeches and papers, including one not mentioned, by Prof. Stevens, who sat back in the audience, apparently an in significant member of the club. Those ten performances, by ns many different non, occupied exactly fifty minutes. 1 was amazed.when I looked at my watch and recalled so many things said and exhibited in so short a time. I was still more amazed and greatly delighted at the spirit and the intelligence displayed by the youn= men. President Winston pKiuz, - ;k cents. informed me that they had been engaged in this work only since last September, that they go out regularly with Prof. Stevens into the woods and fields to ob- v serve and study nature, that he has taken part himself in some of these excursions and found them most delightful- Thai the young men study in the Biological Laboratory with microscope what they cannot see with the eye, that the whole of this study is carefully systematized and thoroughly scientific, that former meetings of the club which he had at tended were even more interesting than the one I saw, that these young men are getting not only scientific knowledge of plants, insects, bacteria and other ani mal life, but that in the college green houses, in the barn, in the dairy, and on the farm, they are making practical ap plications of this knowledge. He says that the States of New York. Pennsyl vania, 3hio, Illinois and lowa are intro ducing nature and science study not only into the public- schools, but into homes of farmers, and that a genuine revolution i.s going on in training to ob serve nature those whose lives deal with nature. Ho hopes to see this accom plished in North Carolina. I can testify that a. revolution is going on at this col lege, and if it spreads over North Caro lina, if the farm boys and girls can be taught to study, examine and under stand plants, animals, nature, like the boys in he college, it will indeed make a new life for the Old North State.” THE MULL PEARBON FIGHT- Twenty Warrant* Issued Against Dickworth For Retailing Without License (Special to the News and Observer.) Morgan ton, N. Jan. 31. —The con test between D. C- Pearson and J. M. Mull for postmaster has been the cause of much talk and excitement for some time. Mull has Blackburn's endorse ment. and Pearson, it is said, has the pledged word of Senator Pritchard that he would be reappointed. The contest originated with the two factions of the Republicans here. Pearson and his friends supported Linney for the nomi nation for Congress while Mull led tho fight for Blackburn. It is charged by the Mull faction that Pearson knifed Con gressman Blackburn at the polls by using all bis influence against 1 him. though Pearson emphatically denies this. Pear- _ son's friends claim that his reappoint ment is a certainty. Some twenty warrants were issued last Saturday night by Mayor Tuff against Robert Dickworth for retailing spiritu ous liquors within the corporate limits of the town without license. He was placed under $6,000 bond for his appear ance Monday morning. On the trial he was convicted in nine out of thirteen cases tried, and on giving $3,000 bond was released until the hearing of the other cases next Tuesday. In the mean time, it is said, about ton new warrants for the same offense have been issued * for him. Duckworth claims he was simply the agent of parties ordering liquor through him, using his check book for the purpose, but deriving no profit whatever from the sales. In con sequence of warrants issued for Duck worth. a number of parties, who. it i.s said, were interested with him In the sales, have "hit the grit" for parts un known. w. C. Newland, of Lenoir, will arrive tomorrow to act as referee in an impor tant case, entitled Wilson vs- Cobb. Pat ton et al, which grew' out of the failure of the Piedmont Bank some years ago. A Burke politician said the other day that when Judge Osborne came out for the Senate he took it as a matter of course, and that when Capt- Alexander announced he was in the hands of his fiiends he was also not surprised: also when Mr. Walker announced his candi dacy for associate justice he was wil ling to concede that the Mecklenburg district should be represented on the Supreme Court- With all this he said he was stiff willing to give them a can didate for Congress without crying the hog act to them, but with Dowd and McCall already out and more to hear from, he is in favor of appointing ft committee to regulate the good old county of Mecklenburg. SHALL WE SEE THE PBIN.-E! Resolution by Otey Providing That Bis Itiner ary Extend Through This State. (By the Associated Press.) Washington, Feb. 1, —Representative Otey, of Virginia, today Introduced in the House a resolution providing that the itinerary of Prince Henry of Prus sia shall extend through Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. His proposed route includes the great Appalachian chain and the Chlckamauga Park- The resolution pro vides that President Roosevelt shall duly consider this proposed trip as it is represented to curtail about twelve miles of the already arranged itinerary. An Infant’s Death, William Quarles, the infant child of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Broughton died at their residence, corner Oakw'ood avenue and East street at 5:15 yesterday after noon. The services will he held at Oak wood cemetery at 10 o’clock this moan ing. Minor Business Before the House, • By the Associated Press.) Washington. Feb. I.—The House after the transaction of some minor business, which included the passage of the Senate, Biff to nrohibit the sale of fire arms, opium’and intoxicating liquors in the New Hebrides, devoted the day to eulogies on the life and public services of the late Representative Brosius of Pennsylvania. Among the speakers was Mr. Talbert, (South Carolina) r Solomon’s reputation for wisdom mar have been due to his having originated the habit of giving advice.

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