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) ' Copyright. UfllV, by The An Intimate Sketch Character of the Man Who Rules Over y One Hundred and Sixty-Seven Millions of People. Tf f bw not beea much more than H a century ago that Russia and 1tlt le,we- Ml customs ef the people. Including the ruling; fam By, were more Oriental than .EureV .nean."- Peter tha Great turned the rift to tha West for examples of In hsrtria! -and political reforms, and thla haa probably had aome effect upon tha home life of tha peoplebut much laaa upon that of the Royal Family which atlll adharaa to the manner . and conventionalities of centuries ago. When tha dynasty of thla family la mentioned It li aatd to ba tha House of Romanoff although tha present reigning hood la a de eoendant of tha House of Romanoff Holstefa, which waa a onion In ITIt f tha female Una of tha Romanoff with Peter III. of tha House af Hoi st sla-Oottorp. Since thla onion tha Csari af all tha Raaatan have mar ried prlaoeeeee wha war In aome war connected with tha royar famlllea of Oarmaay, ' Ia tha majority of In atanoaa thsse royal women have left behind them tha beautiful manner and motherly lnattact which are no prominent and well developed In tha German mother, whose entire Ufa I trail Bp to tha adoration and proper Instruction of her children. " CxaAt the Age Of Tvrewty.ix. Alexander m. died In 1114. and Nicholas became tha ruler of tha Rue alan mllllona when ha waa but twenty-eta year af ace, and although he has ruled Rusate tor twenty yeara ai7 mtla la known at bin arltau life. To thoa wha hare never visited Rua ala there la a vail af mystery, about ' tha royal family and thla la height ened by the uncanny atorta which are pubttahad from time ta time of Copyright ma, by Taa Uasrasttonal Syadleata AStory of How Man Is Conquering the Air and of the Toll the Aeroplane Is Exacting. 'ROM tlms immemorial msa haa desired to fly. Even In the i Psalm wa find David saying. "Oh. that 1 had wing liko s dove, for then I would By away and. be at restr . . Remaa mythology had aviators tm Daedal ua -and bla -son Icarus, .who4 fast ened Wing ta their back by the aid of wag and 'Haw ovar the Aegean Sea, hat later In flying too near the sua tho wag melted, tho wing fell off of Icarus' back and ba dropped. Into the aea and perished.' Aa early as II A. XX. Simon, a Romaa magician, at' tempted to fly from ono bonse to an other and succeeded la places where tho space Was ttcn that 'hi could jump. Being a magtciaa many of the people thought that be was actually flying and ha wss acclaimed as a marvel. Toward ths latter part of ths fifteenth century 1. B. DaMa, a Por ous mathematician, made a flight above Lake Tranemsn by the aid of artificial v win rs attached to hla body. HI next trial was In Paris whsa hs atteavpted . to fly over tho Church of Metro Dame and fall brooking hla leg, which ended hi flying career. -A few years Uter the records ahow that OU vier de Halmsbury, aa English Bene dictine monk, tried a flight with nrtw Octal Brings, but be, too, cam to grief wtth a broken leg. ' ttsteesth Ceatary FTytng. .' Early la ths sixteenth century a IlcotchBjuM warned Danslaa declared that he would fly front Scotland to Franco by using the wing af birds. Accordingly, ono bright moraine hs appeared for the test clothed la eult of feather severed wings. - Ha smada ana leap, aad falling broke bla lags. He declared that hla fail are wan due to the fact that, he had failed to as eagle feather. Again la 1171 a maa named Beamier tried flying by the old. of a pair of wing which had targe curved blades wtth an aran and lav at tachment Ho la said to nave flown short distance la thla contrtvaaca. Thsa earn M. de la Folio, of Rones, -and Marquis- de Baequlvllla Both these maa felt Into tho river. Blaa cbard also tried and failed. These Sights, or rather attempted fttghta. are matters of record la tho history of aviation and go to shew the fruitloss eas of the early efforts before the day of the petrol engine. , r-Tf-vS,- CBdera, f - , The first hestvter than, air machine ware known as sliders. These wore tried by aach men as UBsnthal la Germany. PDeher to England, the Wright" brother Ht America aad Chan wta ta Franeo. This type waa noon followed by tho aeroplane, and In 111! Jl JUL Jl-iL lnSrnaUBai aysdlrste of the Daily Life and the mlraeuloua eecapea of tha Caar from death, of. tha maJnaaa nf the ICiarlna ajjd tha amioUoa-af bla chil dren. While many of thaaa atorlea ara made of the whole alotn taa Csar'a family haa been aoraly af- flirted. Cxarlna AAlcted With TTli iiiamim -A few daya after the death of hie father. Nlcholai waa married to the Prince Alls of Heaae, a grand daughter of the late Queen Victoria. Tha home life of thla young prlneaea had not been particularly happy as her pa rente died when h was quite youn. Her time waa divided between living with her brothr with whoee wife she did not geT on well, and visit ing her grandmother In England: Her brother, tha Qrand Duke of Haass, had his heart set upon the marriage of his sister to tha heir to tha Rus sian throne and tha unhappy princess consented although It srems It was mora a marriage of coovenlenee than one of lovo. After the birth of her first child, the Cuiina developed a nervouaneas which has gradually crown worse, sad at times aha beromeo so III that It Is necessary to take her to a quiet palace la Southern Russia. Dtacaao of Oarrrttrb Incnrabla. She la tha mother of four beauti ful daughters and one son. tha Utile Csarevltch, who la parhapa tha worst polled and moat arrogant child of royalty In the world, afflicted with a disease of the arteries which ara liable to'f-ujRura - upon tha ' ellghtest provocation, the child la " constantly watched. He haa a ealjor attendant who carrieo him abont nd watches over him. acting as a sort of auras and teacher. Tha little Csmrevlteh. r the Wright brothers first ased a petrol engine and astonished tho world by their flights. Their testa wore con ducted with the greatest WEUs thsee experiments wore going on Monsieur Voiaoa constructed a number of kites, and after testing their quaUtlee aa .fliers he built aeroplane along tho earn lines. Thla type afterward became very popular, both Farmaa and Polgrenge piloting them. In Itot Robert Eanault-Pslerte, who waa already known aa tho Invsator of the R. B. P. motor which appeared In lilt, built a curious looking ma chine which for a time cteatad a sensation. Then came tho famooa CarUss-Herrtag "Jane Bus which did some remarkable flying at tho Rhsim svtation meet--the first one over held. This wss la lilt, aad gave a speetai Impetus to ths heavier then air ma chine. . .'" " '' " Aviation schools were started hi various parts of the world and aoro ptanlag soop berama known aa a sport, tangly, Cody. Blertot. Latham. Cartlae aad Molssant at once beeamo famous, the' laat three named basing made Sights seMai the English Channel. - Three year ago an Amsrtcmn wom an. Mia Harriet Qulmby, accompHsbed tho same- feat flying in a monoplane. Mlaa Qulmby was killed Bear Boston a year later by falling one thousand feet- i - ' ' -s. rniqae Daaasgs Swlta. I ' Boon aereplaaes became ao oommon 1 ta Franco that tho farmers of tt-.t country began to consider them a nalsance and several entered suit for dams res. claiming that tholr crepe had been i destroyed by tho chines alls htinc on their lanA . . Then, too. they claimed that colt had beea rained by being frightened by taa sola of the motor, that tha aninsala are never ablo-ta overcome the fright aad cannot bo ased for driving linn Chickens and dock they declared d led frorotrtyht when the big machines "swooped" down over the barnyard. Some of the French farmers coo tend that property la noil earrtea with It property of the air above It aad the 1EH I ILIJ Mil f ,i -. I . , i 111 I j;i 111 at - 1 4 y . - .4. i a -s , f '.:. t v m ' r .jT ... ai aw 1 1 n aUI who la nearly ten yeara of age, la constantly reminded of his exalted position and his every whim 1 aratl Bed. Mnaequently he haa developed Into an Imperious, willful child who beats his sisters If he feels so disposed and la Impertinent ta tha Court No one la allowed to contradict him. and htrfathor aad mother-do toothing but flatter tha little tyrant, and have al lowed his education ta ba entirely neg lected. Tha Epaprees nervouaneas sad fear for tha aafety of the boy have made tha Ufa of tha daughters of the royal house most unhappy, and the two older onea have repeatedly declared that thayjongti rorearry rn.rri.ge. . .V .'Z.7 wT .w . .v 77 IT Aa there Is tittle hope that the Caar- vltch win aver roach manhood, the royal parent have grown deiperate ovsr tho situation and tha Empress has foeorted to consulting spiritual-! Ista and a certain monk named Orsgor Raspootlne who was favored by tha Grand Duchess Ellxabelh, a alstsr of . the Caarlna Thl man was called to the palace where he par- suadedlhs royal mother into the b- Hal that tha Uttlo heir would bo safe while he wuoear. so Raapoutlne took up bis roaldenoa at the palace. But tho people did not believe In earth beneath. These cases ara etill pending- In the French Courta During; the last two years greet progress) haa boon made la avusuea. aad at present nearly . poraona hold viator's Uceases, Franco has ths greatest number. Great Britain Is secead, Oormahy third and the United States fourth. la fancy flying FTance leads, for 'the average French a-iator aeema to be able ta do almoat any thing. Including leoplng-ths-looB and flylBg sjpolds down. This was aecom pushed first by AdoIphV Pegend. Uter our owa Lincoln Be achy did tho earns thug whUs flying; to California. , Curio AortbVatU. ' Flrtna; ever dtlee waa the aeklevosneat la aeroplanlng. and la one or-two places thla has led to curi ous accidents such as that which, hap pened tor stunalenr -OUbortr-a Freoch aviator, who while flying over the suhi ""ivJ-:r:.-1ti''..' l -vw-JI " , vzfi iV ! i ' : k w U III . t .-.. -r.v --j". - "anannjnnnBmjoj orb of Parts wss compelled to drop I been from such causes aa loos of cod es the roof of a, factory to. . -avoid i trol of the machine, broken, plane. SJ7C this, aad Anally through the Influenco of tha lata M. Stolypln the monk was ent away. The Utile Cwrevitch fell IU in Itll and the Emprues' demand ed that Kaspoutln he frough-t back, and today she firmly believes that the prayers of this monk saved the child's life. So, the man remain at the pal. ace. Believing that her child la ss(e while the monk Is' near him the Csaiina haa ahaken oft her nervoue ness.lo such, an extent that aha goes tuiiit (h. fcHfiltMla mnA la heilntn In ,Hell1 ,n wun.d wl,n ,laM, dsughter who Is bow a fullfledged .,".., ,urlcal ur- Movements A Secret. I Owing to tha Nihilism which exists In Ruasla, the movements of the Csir land his family are kept eecrot. HI palaces are perhaps the most mag- niflcent In the world, yet lew visitor are admitted even when the royal family Is absent Tha Winter Palace with its hundreds of rooms and it magnificent picture gallery la the best known, but even thla la not often open to visitors. Taarakoye Selo, where Peter the Oreat built a great resi tairirtg Inte a crowded atreau This was caused by bis miscalculating lh dis tance. Another curious accldunt which also hsppeiled In Prance waa that which7 occurred during a race at But where the machine piloted by Bldot who waa carrying a passenger, dropped upon another aeroplane. Both, the machine took Bra; tne pilot of one tcgepier with his. passenger was borned to death, cteveral time two machines have collided In-the air. and last year near Vienna during a mimic battle in the clouds an aeroplane col lided with a dirigible balloon. This accident 1 said ta have been caused by7 the pilot of ths aeroplane mlsjadg- aextjlnc the height at which the dirigible waa flying. . During the past year sne hundred and fifty-two people have been killed la aviation accidents. This does not Include those killed In war.. They have, ll ' N. II II A I IV ' : ' - X dence, la ons of the Cist's favorite homsa Tho garden, however, are the real charm of the place, and hun dreds of men ara employed In keeping them in order, yet the royal family haa Utile pleasure even there, aa the strange malady with which the ; Cxarlna Is afflicted keeps her In con stant' fear that aome harm- may b- I fall the Csar If he walks In tha grounds, I PeterhofTis the Versailles of Russia, being a rare old palace with many pictures Beautiful fountain play la various parts of ths grounds which ths public ara allowed to view for a few hours on certain days, . Beaatlful False us Crtmro. Tha palace at Livadla In the Crimea Is ths favorite hofhe of tha Cxarlna, for there she feel away from danger. Then, too, tha aurroundlng ara far more beautiful than those of tha cold North. Tho Interior la one of sim plicity and there are no heavy satin curtains to shut out tbs view of tha wide sea, which spread out In all It beauty near tha palace. There la a gravel. ..path, to ..the beach and there the Cxarlna lovaa to wander with' her children gathering sheila and forget ting the rigorous conventionalities of tbs Court Tha ground ara beautiful explosion, wind gusts, violent land ings, hitting trees, .machine turning turtle, collisions, air pockets, motor trouble, etc. One man. Doctor O. Hinge, died of heart failure while la the air flying over the aviation field at JohsnnlathaL Germany. Ons of the most remerksbl air ac cidents occurred at Annapolis, Mary land, la 111, when Eoslgn W. O. Bllllngslsy was killed by falling rom a hydroaeroplane which waa flying at the height of sixteen hundred feet He was carrying Lieutenant John Tow ers as a passenger. When Billlcgslsy tsll hs Jammed the steering gear aad rendered the machine useless and tha machlns fell with LJeuteBSat Towers clinging to ono of the uprights. After falling sis or seven hundred feet ths machine twisted and , In ao - doing formed n sort of parachute and dropped" ata Blower speedk Lieu tea--) ant Towers was In ths hospital for three months aa a result pf tho acci . iX ItT 'for It seem that almoat every plant grows there, even to , tha flower of England which bring back tender memorise of that far away land, for they remind her pf the days spent with tne good Queen Victoria. At present tha Caar apenda much of. his time in consultation with his military ataff. for It la said that tbs great losses in tha army hava caused him soma worry. Hieing early, aa haa always been hla habit, be takes a brisk., walk, la the shut-in gardens of the palace, after which he partakes I of the light breakfast so popular on tha continent consisting of fruit, cof fee and rolls. Tbs diagrams of the move menu of the troops are then laid before htm and h listens to re ports from tha various department of tho army. Dinner at tha palace la a tiresome affair of about ten courses served with all tha old-faahlobsd ceremony. There la rarely a gueet Not Infrequently tho Cxarlna will Imagine the food haa been poisoned and send tha whole menu away smooched. Sometime the Caar haa a conference with some of his ministers after tha evening meal and occasionally he Indulges In chess with one of them. Fond Of The Opera. Ho la fond of opera, especially of the Russian ballet which la always a part of the opera In tha Land of the Bai Thls ballet U regsxdsd as the J flneat in tho world and the Csar la most anthuslaatle over the dancing. Before the outbreak of the war he frequently appeared at tha opera house In pstrograd unannounced, ac companied by several of hla body guard. It haa been many years since aa entertainment has been given at any of ths palaces although the Win ter Palasa at Pstrograd la Ideal for large balls, dinners, etc The royal family live almost alone. Tha children arc growing up without ths companionship of any other chil dren, consequently they know nothing of the merry rough- and tumble games which bring out ths ability of dent He to the only maa alive teda: ene has fallen slxtsea hundred "t It wlU be remembered that durt the aviation meet held la Baitlmor few rears ago na aero pi as driven by Arch Hoxey fell five hundred landing In a cabbage patch a mHe or more from the grounds. Whsa th maa who was working in ths Bald reached htm he found Hoxey standing- la a dased fashion bestds bis wrecked ma- vchlfia complaining that ha had "lost hla glasses." Hoxsy -waaatarwaras killed at aa aviation moot In allforala. Fate inay Strange freaks. Fate hag played strange pranks with aviators. For instance. John Mounant who flew across tha Engtlah Chaaael. carried a passenger over Paris aad did a lot of remarkable stunts, waa killed In New Orteaas when hla ma chine dropped iess than fifty feet The same thing occurred 'to, Cbavertb aaav who made- oaf h- a great flight i '-' a child to take care of Itself. Wha the two older princesses war PT- mlttad to visit the hospitals they , were ao delighted to ho able to ba of soras use that they begged to ba al lowed to assist In nursing. Indeed, so eager were they to remain away from the palace that they took scrubbing ths floors and performing ; all aorta of menial duties la order to "get a glimpse at lire." Occasionally tha Caar goes shoo- , ing on hla gam preserves. Daring tho- tettf -w4nt -evening- ho Ms-la-attend spiritualist seances, and all tha . famous mediums of Potrograd ara at - hla beck and ealL H haa made frequent visits to Bag land. Franca and Oermany, osttaily aceompanled by tha Cxarlna. who on these occasions seem to shake oS tha nervouaneas which fairly overpower 1 her when at home. These eevntrtoe hava become more familiar with tho Russian rulsr and hla wife than the Russian psepls themselves. ' Cahappy tnanJIy. Ths horns life of tha Caar cannot ba described aa Ideal for few nil era have bees -mora- unfortunate,'- Ho-te estranged from hla mother, his only brother banished, hla wife subject to attache of a strange nervous malady. -ht only son the Idol of his heart. afflicted with aa Incurable and hla country at war. Ha la dls- trusted by his people and disliked by the members of-hla sablnet who serve Z him. His Indifference to the welfare of hla people began on tha day of hla accession to ths throne, when ha told , tha thousands of people who same to pay him honor that thay ware net ' to Indulge In Idle draama. He la Im mensely wealthy, aa ha haa the reve nue from more than a million squars mile of cultivated toad, bsaldaa sold and stiver mines In Siberia which pro dues a princely fortune In themselves, yet with all this wealth tha reigning XamUr of the Land of the Bear land a lonely, unhappy Ufa, ' Tha reign of the present Csar haa boon ons of the most unfortunata in Russian hlatory. the Alp and In the and died when the aeroplane fell fifteen feet Colonel P. 8. Cody, England's great- . est military aviator, who Is said ta have been one of the greatest mechan icians aa well, went to hla death by the collspsa of a plane which he had , pronounced perfect Just before .the flight Fsncy flying, too, has caused . a number of death, among them Eu- ' gene Ely, who waa the first maa to ' fly from ths deck of a battleship. This hs accomplished suocessfalty, but talsT : while giving an exhibition at a county fair he attempted a "spiral glide of the Seachay typa aad waa killed. , The neweet flier la of tha self-right- , Ing type a machine which won the Bonnet prise In France. It was driven by Morceau who flew for thirty min utes without touching his planes. Dur Ing his flight ths wind was blowing al moat a gala and the aeroplane was tossed about but It always returned to -aa even keel. Lieutenant Dunne, else gave aa exhibition with a self-righting , machine of hla own invention. R-: cently a self-righting mschlns haa beea built in the United Stales but aa yst V Ita flying .qualities have had ao taLr test. . . ' - . The Aeroplane In Tha Enropeaa War." , ' When the European war began tk ; aviators of each of the warring nation . at ones volunteered, fancy flying wa ' Uld aaide. and a regular moblllxattoa of aviator took place In each coaatry. irKti.i(inn m.ihiiiM wars turned Into ! military filer overnight and long be jfore the armies were ready for the i field the aviator ware aeouilng a beat h . watching the preparation. enemy, and before the war was a fortnieht old w began to read of ! spectacular encounters In th air be-. . i i ween the aeroplanes of ths different , nations. Very soon tneea mere ovcaase , : tha real eyea of the armies and navies. and their scout work baa surprised eesn the most enthusiasms believer la f. the use of the aeroplane In war. . : r Bomb dropping and being brought down and killed haa become so com mon that almost every day we read of military aria tore being brought down by the enemy. In nlr battles It la no uncommon thing for both ew. atora to meet death, r - -. As the carrying power of asro plane la limited. aU sort, of . death dealing devkcee have beea invented; mong them what la known aa the steel arrow s tiny missile about atx Inches ia -length, rounded at one end aad . brought to a needle point The other end ta deeply' grooved for about fear Inches, which glvee the top he shape of a four leafed-clover. .Th flnhthed arrow weighs about atg ouncoir Short- -ly after the waa ana a a tost was asnds snd one of these arrows dropped from the height of fifteen hundred feet - -killed n horse, tha arrow going otirsty"' through the body of the animal. One f thousand of theaa arrows are placed -In n box fitted wtth' bottom which open wtth a spring release, Th bag f la placed between tho struts of aa , aeroplane and tbs aviator oaa . " as 'many ss bs Vies bv-tha. aners poshing of b Tk r , -..,, . o
The News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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April 14, 1915, edition 1
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