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10 HE KEWS AND OCS2RVER. SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST. 17, lSlfc EIIM'IEOF 11 - ' . ( Western Powers Divided On The Sort of Consideration She Should Have RAPIDLY SHIFTING CHANGES OF THE PAST Nothing Stable In Near East . ' Except Ambition of Each of Various Nationalities To Achieve An Imperial Destiny ; Simonds Sajs Eumania Will ; ' Have To Be Beckoned With Br FRANK H. SIMONDS. (Copyright, 1919, by tbe MrClure News paper Hyadieate.) Kew York. Aug. . The arrival of Susiaalaa troops in Buda Pest lias pro duced one more of those kaleidoscopic changes ia Southeastern Europe of which there have been so many in tlie i years that separate the first Balkan war from the latest incidents along the Danube. Before discussing this new develop ment it is perhaps instructive to review for a moment the several shifts which have taken place in seven years. In the summer of 1912 Germany, Austria and Italy were, as they had been for almost a generation, united in that association which, under the title of the Triple Al lianee, bad dominated continental af fairs from the morrow of the Cougress af Be-lin. T this alliance Rumania was bound by treaty, and with it Turkey was as aoeiated by something approximating an informal engagement. Already, how ever, an Italian attack upon Turkey, the ally ef Italy a German and Austrian al lies, had orovoked bitterness in Bcr la tad Vienna, and was, in fact, the first step in the general dissolution of he alliances. Thus in 1912 we hsve the Tripolitan war betweea Italy and Turkey. Toward the close of the same year, while the Tripolitan war was being liquidated by ths treaty of Iaiiisaiine, Bulgaria, Her bia and Greece, hereditary enemies since the eoming of the Slavs to the Itulkan Peninsula, joined bands and crushed aurarv. A few months later, early in 191.1, . Bumania. whose last war' had been fought with Turkey in support of Bul garia, Joins bands with the Greeks and ths Serbians and with the Turk in de priving the Bulgara of most of their conquests in the first Balkan war. Thus the Greeks aad Herbs ia a few short months found themselves the allies first of the Bulgarians against the Turk, and then the associates of the Turks against the Bulgarians, while Kumania, the ally of Germany and Austria, sent her armies against Bulgaria, which was both a secret ally of Austria Hungary Then two years later, Bulgaria, In alliance with Turkey as well as Austria and Germany, assailed Serbia, and the Greeks of King Constantine, while of ficially neutral, surrendered to the Turks the province and the fortress won by ths king in the war of 191.1 to enable the Bulgarians to complete the destruc tion of Serbia. In the fall of the neit year Rumania fallowed the eiample- of Italy and Cned the Western Allies in an at k upon Austria Hungary with a con sequent war with Bulgaria. In this con flict Kumania, betrayed by Russia, was swiftly crashed, Bucharest was occupied by Hungarian, Bulgarian and German troops, and a year later by the second Treaty of Bucharest, Rumania had to surrender not only the territory she had taken from Bulgaria in the first treaty, that of 19M, but also her cutire sescoust in the Dohrudja. Invades Hangarjr. . Less than a year later, when Italian troops had crushed the Austrian in the north and the Salonika army had over come Bulgarian, Austrian and Turkish troops iu the south, Runisnia entered ths war, took from the Bulgarians the territory seized by them anil sgain in vaded, and this time held vast regions tf Hunearv. In the brief span of seven years then WS have area the Bulgarians the allies of the Greeks and the Kerbs autl the enemies of the Turks ia one war, the opponents of the Greeks, the Herbs snd 'ths Turks in a second ; the allies ef the Tarks, with Greece ss a silent partner ia an attack upon Serbia in a third; ths allies of the Turks snd the oppo nents of ths Humsnians, the Herbs and the Greeks in a fourth; and at this present hour Sofia despatches forecast a assr Bulgarian attack upon Serbia and Greece. la this ssme time, Rumania, start ing as an ally ef the Germans and the Anstriaas, has attacked Bulgaria in con junction with the Serbs, the Greeks and ths Ttuks,- has attacked Austria Hungary and been attacked by the Bul gers, the Turks sad the Germans; as an ally of Russia and in a war of libera tion, has invaded and occupied a great previse belonging to her recent Rus sian ally, and now at Inst appears in Bnda Pest, returning the visit of the Hungarian troops to Bucharest less than threw years sgo. Bepele fa 'Bales la the Near East. ' On conld Indefinitely multinlv these circumstances which thus revealed the atter, and to the Western mind, the hopeless confusion ia the Near East. The Rumanian episodes of recent days Is only one more of a series which ei tends backward Into the night of time te that bear when Rome was no longer sola to bold the Danube frontier and tks latter tins when the Byrantine Ein. plre succumbed to the double attack from tks north aad from ths south. In that period ths Byaantine Greeks, snd Serbs, the Bulger, ths Turks, the Ru manians aad ths Hungarians have in turn dominated all or mark ef that no man's bad which extends from Buds Pest to Us Coldea Horn. Each ia turn baa asoired to great tmnire. nnxrauit immense power for a brief period, and then yielded plaea 1 to an ambitious neighbor. And underlying ail else in this Balkan and Hungarian complications is tke consciousness ia tha minds of each of tba many nationalities that it was oaee a great nation and tha belief that it kas aa imperial destiny. Tka Greek turss backward to tha By IE PROBLEMS OF PEACE CONFERENCE aaaaawasana)jmnammi 8 I tx i ii im M - ZyT' " J"f "'vr i ttAvmantons, Jufo Jforj and ' CjecoSlort.s rvtijt tferdSrations.27Ji0oiV JtwtnOn cterms conflict in tfieSnt, foff.tfoirStKt07S.assfoafntfismp.rn rnntiuo period when the frontier of the Eastern Umpire, still inviolate, extended to the Danube in Europe and the Gill cittn Gate in" Asis. The Hulgar recalls the glories of Simeon, the Serb, the conquests of Dushan. The Rumanian goes back to that Rumanian period when the colonist Trajan settled the Daciao country between the Thciss and the Dniester. The Hungarian flies his eye on that map of Kurope Which etisted st the moment when the World War began snd shows Hungary a state in. area grenter than Italy, with a population of more than twenty-two millions of people. Now at this Drccise moment all feuds a Thousand years old and several brand new ones coufroiit the statesmen or the student who would seek to find a ren sonable and lasting settlement, in the Near Knst. The Itulians and the Jugo Nlavs are in conflict from Gorizia to Neirtari, the Ufwk nwd-lbe Dalian- from alona to Smyrna; the Greek and the Bulgarian from Salonika to the nut- skirts of Constantinople; the Rumanian ami I ho Bulgarian in the Dobrudjn; the Kumaian anil the I kram inn in Bessa rahiu and the Bukovina; the Rumanian snd tho Hungarian from the headwater of the Tin-ins to Hr.gcdin; the Rumanian, the Serbian and the Hungarian in the Banat; the Serbs, the Croats and the Slovenes on the one hand, aad first the Hungarian and then the Austrian along he Uravr, and tinally the Czerho Slo vaks and the Hungarians in the Car pa tlii im highlands of the old Hungar ian State. At the present moment the Confer ence of Paris is vainly trying to solve the iiume questiou, the dispute as to Northern Kpurus and tho Aegean Islands, the problem of Thrace, to fix the title to the Dohrudja and to Bcs sarabiu, the rights of the several claims n the Banal, tho just and right front iers in Transylvania. The Adventure to Muds Pest. Now it is necessary ' lo tee the Ru manian adventure to Buda I'ett in the light of recent and past history. For something like n thousand years the Magyars have held, in a servitude be- ond endurance, a quarter of the Ru manian speaking population of the world. They have deprived these peo- le or every right and every liberty. hey have oppressed them In every con ceivable sy. Rumania entered the world wsr to redeem these lost chil- re ii. Hho vtaa defeated and her roun- ry ravaged terribly. In part, at least. by Hiingari'n troops. She re-entered the war, ween Austria Hungary was falling, to regain territory taken from her in HUH and territory hers justly, but never yet redeemed. Kumania aud i'olsnd will iinnuestion- lily lie ths two great new states to emerge from this conflict. Both will ave an area greater than modern Italy nd a population capable in no long tine of ricecding that of the Shvov Mouarchy. Therefore Kumania, like 'olaiitl, ii a force with which the West- rn nations must reckon. She will bo the most powerful state in the Near hast, con! rolling the Danube, rich in natural resources, capable of an enor mous industrial ripansion. In tho old world of practical polities t the Congress of Vienna or of Berlin state of Rumania's potentialities would therefore hsve won a ready henrint for their demands. Moreover, this hearing would lists been granted the more read- lv since Rumania had been a faithful nd, on the whole, an invaluable ally n a nar in which she had suffered ter- le losses alike in men and in money. But the Conference of Paris, slike in the case of Poland and in the case of Kumaum, has found itself forever vacil lating between new and Idealistic con ceptions snd old-fashioned and material considerations. Largely through Amer ican intluencs there has been a con stant tendency to seek ideal solutions repugnant to friendly nations and on the whole pleating to peoples recently n arms against the victors of the pres ent war. Thus the Parit Conference has so fsr refused to recogniie Rumsnla't just claims tn the old Russian orovinee of Bessarabia. It bat championed Hun garian claims in Transylvania aad in the Banat) snU In addition supported nuignrtan demands In ths Dobrudja. Kamanlaas Bitter. The result hat bees that the Ru- maniaa people have found themselves after their great sacrifices and suffer Ingt ia the war, forbiddea by the na tions in alliance with whom they have fntiirht and to whnm at UUal !, they brought lavsluahle assistance, aot stone to occupy the territories to which their claim was at least as good as tha French to Alsace Lorraine or tks Ital ians te Trieste and 'ths Trentino, but also to establish their title to lands which they had already occupied, aad to use their armies sgaiast Bolshevist! alike in Russia aid ia Hungary who were seeking to anaemias Bumanlas security. When I left Paris a littl nor. than two months ago, ths Rumanians wars rv"ii t wyrry in i JIT. n.JX ponton jnotyj Mil renvm prepared to sbandon ths Peace Confer ence, to fall bark upon their own re sources, which sre not incontidersble, snd vindicste their title to the lands which ars for them what ths French lost provinces were to France, and Italian Irredenta for, Italy. They were prepared to tend their armies into the Banat against the Serbians and to Buda Pest against ths Magyars, whether the Parit Conference wished it or not. Now what has happened it simple. In my latt article I pointed out bow the Paris Conference, lacking the troops, had been obliged to renounce a military expedition sgointt Bela Kun, with a consequent loss of suthority snd em phasised how illustrative this incident was of the whole world situation. 'Within a few days there was, then, an important change. The allies had no force sufficient to dispose of Bela Kun, against whom they continued to issue "prbclamattonl as thejrTnd"t?H (long ever since the outbreak of the Hungarian revolution. But Rumania had armies. She had claims to enforce ngninst Hungary, and when the allies bat' neither the troops nor the will to intervene in Hungary, Rumanian troops wcie ret in motion. A Change of Front. We had then the ridiculous change of ( ircumstancet which must go far to ex plaining to the world the ultimate weakness of the present authority of the Parit Conference. One day the eies demanded that Bela Kun should quit. The next day Bela Kun was oust ed not becsuse of allied proclamation, but because Rumaniaa armies were ap rrnnrhing Buda Pestli, and the next day, on Hungary's appeal, the allies, wcro ordering the Rumanians to re frain from entering the Hungarian cap ital, and twenty-four hours later were Demanding that the Rumanians lesve the city they hsd occupied. What Rumanian occupation of Buda Pesth really meant must be clear. Bu mania doet not arrive as the mandatory of the Western powera. She arrives as ths contestant with Hungary over a thousand years for the possession of certain provinces until yesterday Hun gary's, with the memory of recent Hun. garian outrages in Rumanian territory and the nge-long record of Mngysr op pression against Rumanian peoples in Hungarian capital into the bargain. Who it going to outt hert Who is go ing to prevent her from fixing those frontiers which eorretpond with her view of her just right, but have been chal lenged by the map-makers of Parisf Who is going to prevent Rumanian sol diers from exscting some little com pensation from the Hungarian people for the destruction and the extortion of Hungarian troops ia Rumaniaf Yetterday the Peace Conference was trying to get rid of a Bolshevist leader in Hungary as a preliminary to recog nising Hungarians and all their neigh bors. But today the Bolshevist regime hst fallen, not to proclamation but to A New Boot Suitable) for Early Fall Wear Tks illustration dots aot begin to do justies to this smart new two- tone Boot It embodies both styls and comfort. It is mads with a patent lesther vamp and pearl gray kid top. Ths new ITa-ineb heel aud welt soles assurs the wearer of plsaty of 4 somfort Order by mail If roa lika. If aot satirely satisfied, your money will bo refunded. J. M. EDWARDS II B. Martla ft reet. V'Tf V.: eV 'srsandtif invtsion. After a thousand years tbe Rumanian people have at least achieved a unity long sought. Ths allies had so troops and they bad no unity of pur pose adequate to supply military force to drive the Bolshevist government and army out of eontrol in Hungary. Will it be easier for them to find troops to attsrk Ruuania, their recent ally, in order to take from her territories to which her claim is at leaat as good si the Hungarian! Moreover, and this ia capital, what will be tbe effect upon tbe Czecho-Slo-vaks and the Serbs of seeing Rumanian armies, in defiance of tbe Paria Confer ence, occupying Buda Pesth, and Ru mania acquiring possession of tbe Hun garian provinces which the claims! Patently it will be an invitation to Jugo Slav and Czecho-Slovak armies snd statesmen to follow the same example. They have claims to establish in the Carpathians and on 4ther side of the Drave. Moreover, will the Rumanians now, having broken with the Paris Con ference, fulfill the threat so often heard before, and send their troops into the Banat to sweep out the Herbs snd com plete the expansion of Rumania to bcr natural frontiers f Western Powers Not United. And in face of all this, the Western powers are by no means united. The English and the Americans sympathize with the Hungarians, the Italians snd tbe French with tha VBumaniaas. AVI the Western allies hesitate to confirm Rumania's title to Bessarabia lest it srouse the hostility of a Russia pre sently restored! But Rumania sees in this failure of her old allies to sup- Rupture Kills 7,000 Annually Sntn thousand' prnon Mch tt art IsM swsjr (be burkl etrtiftcate txrnc inarktd "Kuptur." WhrT - Because the unfortunate Ms ttad awslwtad tbcniMlvss or had bra nmlf Ukint car of tbe tan (wtlltrs) of tht fillet ion and psMis ao attention lo tho mum. Wast are you doing f Art rou Ms Wet ins roal( by marias a truss, appliance, or whatever nasao roe choose to sail HT At bwt. lbs trass Is oslr a makeshift a faiM prop stsrnit a eollapolns wall aad cannot be u poctcd te act as awra thasi a asm mechanical support. Tht binding- prroaura retard blood eimilatloa. thus robbing ths weakened anaelca - of that which ttwr Bead Boat nourishment. But sciene has found a wsi-, and -vrr truss suirsrtr hi tht land is invited to make a FREE test right In tht privacy at thtir own hoait. 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Wilmington St. , ? :m onoeDi pert her Eastern claims, in their dif ference la the matter of ths Hunga rian frostier, in their frank rupture h tht ease of tha Banat, ultimate evi dence of , ths necessity of acting for herself. - , Hei pathway it clear.- 6bs is bow a nation f UflOOflOQ, occupying an area greater than italy, with a potential wealth Incomparably superior. Agsinst the Jur Slavs, who contest her claims is "ths Banat, she has tht proffered as- istanee tr tat Jtslisat, who art at adds with tht Jugo Slavs along tht Adriatic Against tht Bulgarians who still cling to their rights la tht Dobrudja, which would deprive , Bumania of her single seaport, shs hat -the assured support of tat urteat, wao coatest with tha Bui gars tht possession of Thrace. More over, like Italy, she caa aet her face sgaia towards a Germaa allianca be cause tbe caa bring strength sufficient to ensure a forgetting of recent events. Tht Paris Conference may now de mand that tht Rumanians submit to its decrees snd surrender territories Ru mania holds Its own, but nobody who knows tht temper of tht government and tha people of Bumania now believes this demand will bt honored. It may accept under protest the Rumanian frontier fixed by Rumania herself, but in either east it finds itself brought squarely fact to face with a now con dition. To imagine that French, Brit ish or American troops could be aent to tht Danube ' to drive Rumania out of. tht Banat and Transylvania is to imagine merest nonsense. Certainly economic weapons might . bt used against Rumania, such ss tht blockade, but by next year tht whole of Europe may bt clamoring for Rumania's wbest supplies, and European allied-populations esger for bread will find little to defend the policy of their governments which have excluded Rumanian food stuffs from their own countries becsuse they were dissatisfied with tbt alloeatioa of Debrezia or Ozornowitz. Victors' Draw Their Own Map. Recall that ia 1912 tht Concert of Europe, which then occupied tht posi Doctor Tells How to Detect Harmful Effects of Tobacco Try These SIMPLE TESTS Now York: Doctor Connor, formerly of Johns Hot kin, hospital, says: Many men who smoke, chew or snuff, incessantly and who trt seemingly healthy art suffering frota pro gressive organic ailotoats. Thousand of than would never hav been afflicted had it not been for tht use of tobacco, and thousand would soon get well if they would only stop tht um of tobtcra. Tbehief habit foraslat prtaeiplt af tobacco ia nicotine, a deadly poiaoa which, whea absorbed by tbt system (lowly affect tht acrvea, saembrantt, taw lira and vital organs of tha body. Tho hannful effect of tobacco varieo and depends on cirewnatanees. Ont will bt afflicted with general debility, others with catarrh of tht throat, indication, con stipation, extreme nervousness, sleeplessness. Iota of raenory, lack of will power, mental confusion, etc. Other may softer from heart disease, bronchitis, tuberculosis, blindness or even cancer or tht common affliction knows as tobacco heart. If yon use tobacco ia any form, you caa easily detect tbt harmful ef fects Mry making tha following simple testa. Read aloud on full past from a hook. If, ia tht course af readies your voice heootnes ajuf Bad, hearse aad indistinct .aad yea mutt fre eutntly dear your throat, the chances art that your throat it affected by catarrh and it may be tht beginning of mora serious trouble. Neat, in tbt morning before taking your usual amoke. walk up threw flight of stairs at a regular pace, then stop. If you 1891 You Should Make The Commercial National Bank A Regular Department of Your Business flil JhcJrassliaV! - ' ' i" ... - - - Commercial National Bank a. 8. JTHUXX President tion now held by the Conference of Paris, solemnly . forbade .tha Balkan States -to attack- Turkey and equally solemnly asserted that whatever ths out, torn of tbe war there would ht no change ia tht frontier! of tht Balkans. After Lulcburgas and Kumanova tbt tarns eoneert of Europe, had te recog nize tbst tbt victors would draw their owa map. - .,,, , h ' To ms the Rumaniaa occupation of Buda Pettb seem tbt most considerable to political event sines tbt armistice. In Paris I had Bu maniaa acquaintances and fairly good source of information, and I came away convinced that Ru mania would never, under any circum stances, permit Western Europe to de prive her or what every Rumanian re garded .as his patrimony. Tbt Ruma nians .wert willing to allow tht Paris Coufereace to draw their frontiers, but only on condition that thost' frontiers corresponded with Rumanian concep tions. Abort all, they wert determined to liberate Rumanian populations in Hungary and to establish their natural frontiers of the Danube, tbe Tbeiss, the Marosvsnd tht Dniester. They hsve seised upon tbt present break between the Paris Conference and the Bolshevist government of Hungary as aa opportun ity to occupy all of the Hungarian ter ritory which they claim, save only the portion held by Serb troops in the Banat. They have occupied tbe -Hungarian capital aad can impose any terms they choose upon the Hunga rians, who will have to comply with those, terms unless the allies were will ing to send armies to support the Mag yars and fight Rumania. In other words, while the Psris Conference is still wrestling with the ethnographic map, tbe Rumaniaa . sword has drawn new frontiers, snd unlets I am very much mistaken, Bumania will now apply ths same method to Jugo-SIavia the has used In ths case of Hungary In any event Balkaa affairs sre now returning that violent course which it their dis orderly routine. . Egotism it one 'of tbe substantial guaranties of peace of mind. find that you are out of breath, your heart boat is . forced, trembling or irregular, you may bt a victim of functional or organic heart trouble. If you feel that you mutt smoke, chew ar snuff to quiet your nerves, you art a slave to tht tobacco habit, and are positively poisoning yourself with tha deadly drug, nicotine. In tither cast you hana Jut two . alternatives keep on-with tht aelf-poisonin process Irrespective of tha dai.gera and suffer tht consequence, or girt up tht habit and eaeant tbt dingers. 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Cashier : TROY SUMMER SCHOOL IS VOTED GREAT SUCCESS Troy, Aug, 1(L The Summer School which ba been in progress km for tkt past four week under the direction of Prof. B. C. Cox, of Mt Gilead, who was " ably assisted by Misses Nona De Berry aad Virginia Jenkins, both of tht Bali, bury h!g school, cent to a close last aight. It la tha opinion ef all who havl been la touch with the work that thl Summer School at Troy, ha been thl best ever held here and that there had beta a great deal of good done in thl way of instructing tbe teachers la Mont gomery county. ; ::' :r i At the closing exercises a patriotk play was rendered by the teacher at tending tha Summer ScbooJ "The Cons, Ing of Liberty," written by T. Wingati Andrews, superintendent of Salisbury schools, j , : i ; Hon. R. N. Psge, ef Biseoe, mads strong speech ia favor ef ths compul sory school law and eaaaed ths partat : to set that tdueatioa made not only aa elueated man, but a strong eltisen shlp as wall. Ht said tht dsy ha earn whea we are not too poor to Co any thing we went to do, aad that investing today in child education is investing in met and women of tomorrow. v ", 1fa1 wl. Intra a tA srvaaa vlXna tns. pathize with one aqother, but whj, they ao so is a mystery. Originality Harnessed into the chan nels of good taste account tor the popularity of Crocker's Footwear. Note the model shown above. It is made of White Washable Kid with 2U inch Louis heel. Price $10.00 tSarA- an " :i 1919 A. P. BAUMAN B. H. LITTLE , Asst. Cashier ... , 4 ft:
The News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Aug. 17, 1919, edition 1
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