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NORTH CAROLINA
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aa ff ' SrS UMael I
Un h-fete Tf.lr.tf.e M mN
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VOL. CX. NO. 153.
RALEIGH, N. C, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 30, 1919.
PRICE: FIVE CENTS. ,
SENATE HAS KILLED
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
S
JMso Holds That Way Is Cleared
For Return . To System of
Balance of Power
UNCERTAIN WHETHER
TREATY IS DESTROYED
Europe Never Dreamed Senate
Would Refuse' To Sustain
President; British Will De
sert League On Ground That
It Js Now In American Poli
tics ; French Will Pollow
Copyrighted. 1919, by McClure News
paper Syndicate.)
Br FRANK H. SIMONDS.
Tha defeat of the peace treaty will
Earope is eoneerned, which will not b
modified by any later ratification.
Chief among theee eontequeneei will
pe the total discrediting of the League
af Nations. The, United States Senate
inay er may not hare killed the treaty
f Versailles, eo isr as aaencjiB par
tie! pat ion is eoneeraed, but it has de
SliND
BELIEVES
troyed tne ueaguo m mum. Americans nere are lmpmicm. nimna
ht. jlMtrnntlnn wan ia cleared In. th Hnvnlnnment of onr foreiirn
a Enranean return So that system
anrlaa has been the eentral eircum-
stance in European history.
I saying that tne Kagne 01 nauoni inis accurmtriy um up mo "'
las been discredited and ia doomed, of most Americans here. -They be
itTT 1. . imnlieation that it will he lieve that if the United States is to get
at once and formally repudiated by
the European nation, wno nave ai-
geady subscribed to the treaty of Ver-
gailles. On the contrary the various
mm TthTwU funX. to r tie
rZr$..t?ELm$ U-ofSS-Sl
I V. V.ri. h. farther de-
ortaoee that there no farther ae
lay hut beneat. tne ,"""afT"' "Utilities these activities, of course, ceased,
sapid changes will inevitably tale n.... .u, look ..ewe in the
r,f . . .
The reason ia obvious. When. tne
President went to Europe, carrying his
teagn of Nation! project, turope was
alivided; on the eourse 10 ioiiow. mi B0, wi(n th. renewai of business ae
TMrieaeed etatesmen of the Continent I ajn,. tha .,m;,tlr. the Booth
iad little faith ia the league and very
Save apprehensiona to the dangers
which it would bring ia its train. Boms
iarged that it was a wiso policy to give
Mr. Wilson what he wanted and thus
inilll nUll.ll.H . 1
gagged that the price was too high te
JBSUTS AQICUI w-WlKH.nwi., v.... - - 1
. .. . A 1.1.1. ..I
t i.i n.nro. wttiixi The' aeoate
Mainst the advice of tnemeneean by
proaiising Britain s aio to Air. kiwi
Tt,;. Rritish aid nve Mr. Wilson a
fleeisivs aAvaatage. in ine conierencr.
Clemeaeean saw he was helpless and
A. J . V .nHH. nt AnnnaWtnil.
Kurnuu x ivm wu.w 1 -
italr and Japan, with obvioua mental
reservations xouowea sniu d u
L 9 i. Praiiitnnt u steadv
and French relatively certain, after the
promise of American aia against ui
fciaa attack, IUliaa and Japanese re-
fusal to accept Mr. Wilson's decisions
In the ease of Kume and 8hantung re-
wealed the real stats of mind and Italy
actually withdrew from the conference,
sis Japan threatened to do, when Mr.
Wilson,, with Anglo-French support
good ont in tne matter 01 r mme.
umsnia and Serbia presently went also
Sad even Belgium threatened to go.
Looking backward on the Paris eon.
...nu ih tha allirhtAat Mffird for
What men said and how they acted, it
is plain that the League of Nations wss
opposed en principle by all Continental
(statesmen, witn me coraiat aymiwtuj
'and approval of the Japanese. It would
have been openly fought and promptly
willed but for British championship.
British championship was very little
onnded npon faith in the league, but
Ivery largely upon the conviction that
Hhe President ipoks for , ths whole
f sited States in demanding it.
This British sdherenee supplied the
aeeisive torn for the President ia Paris.
American importance in ths world, as it
tiisted after ths war was fully grasped
Is Europe, but even the appreciation
if ths importance of America te Europe,
Iht need of American loans, American
ko-operatioa would not have beea uffl
feient to keep the son fere nee together
la its earlier stages and prevent a gen
eral revolt against Mr. Wilson's in
sistence opos combining the treaty and
the league, had British support wavered.
I But British - support did not waver
Wil toward ths snd of March. It sur
vive! tne snoec 01 ine rraiuciii sua-
sea reiuMi- to iwbu ui f'"!1"".
. . . . 1 .
agrses so in nis u.a uc u vxu.iuuh
Slly accepted for him by Colonel House.
Sis veto of this program, which put
ths League of Nations discussion over
Bitli the treaty was formulated precipi
tated the Srst real crisis In Paris and
was dispatched from Brest, whea he
aaded on his way back from Europe.
. Wliawa s Decision cepiea.
TT.a u.H..a L.a aMnM 4a
the President at thst moment, he would
1 . LI. ...t.nl ttt aw.fit. kti
a Ml. W" v. v w.wmw, ww.
despite the unmistakable twstiveness in
ths press, ths Brltirt delegate, at Pari.
th'e Pr-ideat . Thjy continued their
sosrse whs. Mr. Wilson ruled against
Belgium and took the League of Nations
to Geneva, they joined with kim in
foiing French occupation of the left
bank of the Bhlne or nnnexatioa of the
fcarre Basin. They stood , with kirn
sitslnet IUliaa possession of Flume.
They really broke with bim onlyover
reparations nsa wis was a matter si we
sd death for Lloyd George personally,
3hs extent te wnten tne uritifla sup.
lorted Mr. Wilson at Paris led ulti-
mstely to certain resentment en the
frt of. the French and to as open
enunciation on the part of ths Italians,
Orlando is reported to have suggested
s
Contini4 ejn Page Xirjl
WANT VESSELS FOR
BRAZILIAN TRADE
Much Speculation As To Char
acter of Service To Be
Maintained
SAILINGS ERRATIC IN
THE LAST FEW MONTHS
Americans at Mouth of Ama
zon Impatient at Delay;
Prior to War, Liverpool
Steamship Company Had
Monopoly of Trade In Para
River Valley
Pin Rrazil. Nov. 2. (Bv the As
sociated Trws.JTtrere- is- anion . specu
lation locally as to the steamship serv
ice which is to be maintained in the
future between the United States and
Para, at the mouth of the Amazon
river, in view of the activity In develop
ment work which has been steadily in
creasing since the beginning of the
year, and the increase in exports which
wiU follow as a result. 80 far the
service has been erratic, some weeks
three or four steamers leave together
for New York, and then there will not
be another for a month.
Americans here are impatient, SpeasT'
trade, an importer remarked to the
heaven's sake let us stop talking of
what we are going to do, and get busy!
her ehare of the trade of the Amazon
viiy. .
Prior to the war the Booth Steamship
vJ. - -
rTn the few immediate!, pre-
. war the German, had been
edging in and were steamiy growing
ontbTeBk f ho((.
south of Brazil when thia country Co-
. ow hc.innine- to eomo
wk u th, Amazon, ,d are renewing
their efrortg to gaia a ,ubstantial foot-
jjn. has not had enough steamers to
BaBaie the business,
There is now an opportunity for
iom, Amerioan steamship company to
tem0 ja Bere with a first-class service
11(1 CCIKU! s uo " "
' . , 1 .1. lk.lrA
were going aner , "
oat, as well as a fair portion of future
kn.inan mhlrll will develoD SI the IMM-
sibilitics of this great valley, immense
ly rich in natural resources, beeome
known.
Since last July the Lamport Holt
have been sending steamers to Para,
but local merchants say they need per
manent and adequate service. The
New York and Cuba Mail Steamship
rn. k.. nnnnni.Kil it intention of
making Para a port all for its South
American steamers, out o r uij
w Ii.m arrived, and there is uneer-
Uinty as to the future service. ine
Prince Line is temporarily making this
a
port or rail lor inuir nniwim
- ... Ka. rtrlAana. and. since
wmuvii v ' " - ' '
this service waa announced, the Brazil
ian Lloyd is said to be considering ut
opening of a line from Bio de Janeiro
to New Orleans, via Havana.
The steamer Cotopasi, a United
States Shipping Board vessel, is now
.-n.!..4 and will leave shortly. Shs
is loading a cargo of cedar logs. Ths
Cotopaxi is a "fabricate-." snip. one
w. ha wit in Pernambuco with
coal when ahs developed engine trouble
and just managed to reacn we mora
of ths Amazon where sne ran sgrouno.
- Local Americans are enthusiastic- ai
a ha futniw TMMaibllities. of the de
velopment of the Amazon valley, and
are of the opinion that the United
States should devote attention to ths
undeveloped market here for American
goods, as also an inexhaustible source
a.nw' valnnhla raw materials need-
mA hr manufacturers of ths United
States. . The region watered dt me
Amason and its thousands of affluents
is larger in area than tne uniien
States, and all the produce of thia im
mense area must pas through Para,
1 1. 1. a tha nnlv channel of the river
hi. ( waviirable to the ocean. For
this reason Para is cnowu loeauy as
"The Gateway of the Amazon."
It i earnestly urged here that there
should be a regular, first-class, Ameri
can stesmship line from New York to
vt. Mn.iww.v' maintairiins1 a consis-
MIJI WBI.. , W
tent schedule, if the United States is to
play an important part in jno envelop
ment of the valley of the Amazon.
MANUFACTUKK OF RUM -
BHinua rnuarisui,
T:... ir.rrlnlnn ' Nov. tj fBv
in. imi'vi - ; -
Ths Assoeiated Press.) Ths manufac
ture and sale of rum brought unusual
nroineritT to the little island of Mar
tinique during the war. Hidden away
among tne west inaies uw uiui
Vm... ant... f snOJKMT nannle. so
SSTtAt toftt mother!
nk-.too.-during a period
whM, prohibiUon was sweeping over
..jei. .
Not only m , txpoxU f bev.
eraf, lncTeaae 'from gain Of mors
than 40 per cent, but the value of the
..,. increased from approximately
g.,j8w0O ia 1.13 to 933,000 in 1917,
im 0f ..bout 315 per cent.
Exports of sugar, however, decreased
from -oso tons in 1913 to 20,478 tons
U 1917.' The production of sugar cans
WM increased during the same period
bat the islanders found it more profit.
able to use the product in the manufae-
turs of -rum than to export it. From
1914 to 1917 imports of molasses nsed
ia the manufacture of rum, increased
froa L.J .ten ta 8,473 ou .
TURKEY NOT BROKE
FINANCIERS STATE
American Experts After Inves
tigation Say Country Fun
damentally Sound
POPULAR CONCEPTION
OF NATION ERRONEOUS
Always Able To Borrow Money
and Did Not Default During
Recent Years, But Revenues
Constantly Increasing, Al
though Much of It Lost Be.
fore Reaching Treasury
Constantinople, Nov. 8. (By The As
sociated Press.) American expertaawho
liars investigated the financial condi
tion of the former Ottoman Empire' say
they are convinced that it is fundamen
tally sound. Several considerations are
advanced to sdi port this conclusion.
Firstjt is stated that the popular
point of vieVthaFTurkey was bankrupt
before the war was partly created arti
ficially for the benefit of foreign finan
cial interests with the object of fright
ening other would-be inveetors and for
political reasons of establishing spheres
of influence. j
ThiiTact tlmt Tuikcy was always
able to secure loans is eitcd as evidence
of her financial soundness, though
against this may be advanced the ob
servation that she was a political center
i-.wil hv mnnv Dowers who
played, the one against the other, and
that financial consiuerauona
tin,, aubordinated to political purposes.
It is pointed out that Turkey did not
j.,u n hr indebtedness ia recent
years, but funds for the payment of
interest and amortization were eontin
uallv increasing and doubling at the
rate of every fifteen years.
Th. wavanllMI of the eountry
whole were increasing at the normal
natural rate of other prosperous coun
tries in Europe.
An enormous percentage of revenue
never reached the treasury, the loss
being estimated by some, as high as 50
per cent, Thia was partly ascribed to
the svstem oi iarrama; wi v ...
districts, collectors paying in advance
a eertaia sum and then collecting what
th.v aitllfl-
For Americans who are considering
the mandate question or of doing rjusi
.... hra nnder whatever government
is established, it is pointed out that
the above facts show revenues aireaay
adequate to conduct the old government
and that with good government the old
Ottoman Empire would have been finan
cially strong.
iWnra h war foreign investments
.mounted to the equivalent of $1,078,-
000,000 of which t783,20O,WU was m tne
public debt or loans to the government
and the difference in private enterprises
and concessions.
Ths bulk of these Investments waa
in loans to the government. What was
done with this moneyl Many of the
loans were issued below par so that all
of the money never reached the treas
ury. Enotmous commissions ate believed
to have been paid to European bankers
and in "gratifications to various local
ministers to get their support for ths
loans.. Bums that did reach the treas
ury are said to havs been squandered
on palaces, harems and in other unpro
ductive ways.
So the loans did not, on the whele,
create sources of new revenue snd there'
fore the public debt continually in
creased. It is to be noted that in the
late seventies and the early eighties ths
government could not pay interest on
its loans and so large sums were written
off by vsrious refunding operations ia
recognition of the doubtful manner in
which most of the, loans had been made,
ana new issues were put out with the
old ones being taken in at ' reduced
face value.
Suggestion has been made bere that
these facta may lead the Peace Con
ference to write off more of the national
debt.
The object of such loans, it is stated,
were partly with the political intent of
making Turkey default, so interested
powers could take over her finances and
control the eountry, ss wss done ia 1881.
This led to the creation of loose spheres
of influence, Germany taking ' Konia
Plain, the French 8yria, with the Ital
ians wanting ths province they at pres
ent occupy, and ths British and the
Bussians seeking Constantinople. In the
council or Administration of the Otto
man Public Debt, which continued until
the war and has beea resumed ia soms
fashion, there was one Englishman, ens
Frenchman,, one German, ode Austriaa
and ons Italian with the presidency
alternately occupied by an Englishman
and Frenchman. Of this publie debt
France owned 60 per cent, Britain 14
per cent. Germany SI per cent, and 4
per cent was owned between the Italians
and ths Austrians.
The conclusion of the investigators is
that if the investments had been msds
for ' productive enterprise and had
created sources for meeting interest and
the debt it would have beea child's play
to earry the debt and pay it off. How.
ever, as the debt wss lowered in spite
of the above attempts, additional loans
were made. Not all of the) sums bor
rowed by the government were wasted.
For example, about $50,000,000 were nsed
to help build ths Bsgdad Railway. Al
though the Germans would have built
the line with their own money, they
actually got "TtKkish money to Sasaee
what they considered a German enter,
prise. - ,
France Has Files Censer. '
Psris, Nov. 12. (By Mail.) A new
film censor will be in office in France
beginning January 1 next. An examin
ing committee, which takes the plaee of
the eld police censorship, has been sp- i
pointed. rJenator uanriee faure, some
leading theatrical and literary authori
ties and Paths ssd Gauatont, the lead
ing French film makers, ars members of
the board, ,
CANDIDATE FOR SENATE
LEADER OF DEMOCRATS
71
. M -l'l '
t
i:
r
Senatar Oacar W. I'adcrwaod.
Friends of Senator Oscar W. Under
wood, of Alabama, and Senator Gilbert
M. Hitchcock, of Nebraska, have begun
an active canvass of the IVraocratie
membership of the Upper House in
the contest to decide who shall be
leader to succeed the lata Senator
Thomas 8. Martin, of Virginia. Sena,
tor Simmons of North Carolina, was
next in line for the plaee, but declined
to serve because of his health.
SLOWLY. SINKING
- . . -' """ " -v : -'
One of Natural Wonder? of
West May Soon Become Ex
i tlnct, Say Observers
Los Angeles, Nov. 29 The Saltan
Sea in the Imperial Valley, one of the
natural wonders of the West, is eon.
stantly shrinking. At present it is
about eighteen miles long and nine
miles wide st the grestest point. Dur
ing the last' five years, the water is
said te have retreated about a mile
year, leaving a salt encrusted adobe
land, which is eagerly seized by horns
stesders. Often their location atakes
are planted far out in the water.
The "sea which lies 169 feof below
the level of the ocean abounds in fish,
mullet and carp, which loeaj and Ari
zona .capitalists are planning to ntil
ize by erection of great cannery. . .
The United States Department of
Agricultnre reports state that about the
Salton Sea liea tha largeat area of date
producing land in the country.
Geologists say the Salton "Sink," as
it one wss known, in p re-historic
times bss changed from desert to sea
and from sea to desert fifty times er
more. For centuries the Colorado
river would flow quietl y to the Gulf of
California and gradually build - up n
sand-bar across its mouth.' Then sons
spring flood would cause a washout ia
the river's bank further north and the
whole torrent would sweep toward the
Santon Sink. The desert would be
came an inland sea, remaining so for
centuries, perhaps, until . some grsat
flood would carve out a shorter wsy to
the oeesa. The ses wonld.be drained
and the region relapse into a desert. .
Mud volcanoes abound near the sea.
abort distance inland. They' are of
all sines np to greet mounds 16 feet in
height. They all emit stesm, some in
a ateady stream, others steam aad mud
alternately. Many of them give out a
sulphurous gaa. At tunes their roaring
can be heard for miles. ' ' '
More and mors ths sen is being visi
ted by tourists had during tko heated
season, whea the temperature-ja from
10 to 20 .degrees cooler than in the val
ley towns, dances are frequently held
on nn old wharf, which ones, served aa
a, landing plaee for Ashing 'boats but
which has been left high and dry by
the receding waters.
Of especial interest to ths tourist are
the bubbling a "paiatpote." As the
water retreats it is ia a state of con
stant ebullition. Gases from soms un
known subterraaeaa source are contin
ually finding escape through unseen
vents in the bottom. Layer after layer
of colored pigment is deposited. The
retreating waters have left uncovered
acrea of thia deposit, said by. experts
to be fully equal te th4 dry sienna and
umber colon, of which so much is im
ported. "' i i .
It is thought that tha shrinkaga of
the Salton Sea will continue until it fi
nally becomes salt "sink" with pool
of brackish water ia the center unless
a fresh sutburst of the great Colorado
should replenish its waters. ;
Te Close ReadlaarGaeL -
- London, Oct. 18. (By Mail.) Bead
ing Gaol ia which Onear Wilde wrote
"The Rillad of Reading GaoL" and
CALIFORNIA SEA
pr si "Pi tfsiiif-i'tt fethauy
E
HELP OF
Prime Minister of Country Says
Death Preferable To Rule
Under Turks
DEEP AFFECTION FOR
THIS COUNTRY. HE SAYS
League of Nations Would Be
Partial Protection To Little
Country; No Bolshevism
Among Armenians, Minister
Declares, Because of Deep
Patriotism of People
Erivan, Capital Armenian Republic,
Oct. 0. (By Mail.) The Prime Min
ister of the republic, M. Khatitian, to
day received the correspondent of The
Associated Press snd talked freely con
cerning tha proposal of a United States
mandate for Armenia.
"If we manage to live through the
winter snd reeeivs the recognition of
thSalUestogether with the help of
America," said ' the "Prime Minister,
"then other Armenians scattered the
world over will come to us and we shall
make our republic's prosperous one.
"It is now beingproposed, I hesr,
to rule u together with ths Turks. Ws
prefer desth to rule under the Turks.
In the past we lived together as mas-
d slave. Now w want the right
to live alone, away from the Turks. We
want the peace conference to set sside
a aertion of territory for us and then
the Turks will leave us. It is a matter
of life and death for us right along.
The only solution possible is to define
our frontiers snd if ths United States,
with whom ws place our ease snd in
whom slone ws trust, will help us mor
ally and materially for twenty years we
will pay back moneys expended with
the wealth of our land. If such hslp
is not given then ws must wsnder over
the earth like slaves, without a horse."
Paysaclaa by Profession.
Premier Khatitian, who appears to be
the "ruling force in Armenia, waa for.
merly mayor of TUlie for a period of
ten years serving ss a Russian official.
He is a physician by professioa. Short,
bald, black-eyed, with. , close-trimmed
beard, he looks ss much Bussiia as
Armeaisn, and differs In appearance
from the . familiar Turkish-Armenia a
type. Re Inspires confidence ia his
statements by a reserved, firm manner
While not a commanding figure, either
physically air intellectually, he seems to
do the best he can for his country,
fully realizing 'ths fragile ' thread by
which it hangs to life.
Begnrding the question if Armenia
submit to be ruled uader a blanket
mandate, as part of Asia1 Minor, he
said: Whatever America, decides is
best for us ws will follow out. Wo are
satisfied America has only our inter
ests at heart. However, we believe our
frontiers should bs desermined now,
no matter when we arc set free to
walk alone as aa independent state,
If Americana will consent te rule us,
to establish order ia our country, ;te
take over the administration of our
affairs, ws shall be satisfied. Ws love
in this world bnt threw things, free
dom, work aad education. - When t we
are given ths chance to earn these we
will show America whst ws. are capable
or. We are now a tottering little gov.
ernment, we realise that we are weak,
that the fire we have gens through has
crippled ns mightily, that ths citizens
here are wora out or are not our best
material, but with time we shall im
prove.
"It must be recognized that both, ia
Turkey aad ia Russia, Armenians havs
always furnished a large elass of in
tcDigent publis officials, bankers, trad
era snd farmers, aad those of us who
are left, from massacres, together with
our educated people now in Egypt,
r ranee, tngiana, Bulgaria, will form
a good nucleus for n. prosperous state,
l havs here n long list of names of
thoss Armenisns ia America represent
ing a hair biilioa dollars capital, who
havsodleelSFed their . intention of se
turning to live aero when circum
stances will permit.
Dees) ASectiea For America.
Asksd whether, if ths United States
took a mandate to Armenia, msania.
thereby practically a military protecto
rate, the Armenians would not soon bs
tired of their rulers, who would be quite
different from missionaries. Premier
Khatitian said: "There is a big colony
of our people ia America who meet all
classes, aad then are nons of them whs
de not entertain deen affection for
America aad regard her as a mother. I
saw last winter three hundred dead per
day en the streets of this eltv and if
America had sot helped feed our hun
gry there would have been n half mil
lion Armenians dead of starvation.
After auoh relatione it is our dream to
have Americas here, and if they don't
come it will be our end."
- Asked if reconstructed Russia would
not demand baek any territory ths
Peace Conference might sow sot stsids
to form an Armenian ststs, he said :
"Distinctions must bs mads between
Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Old
Russia, wanted aa Armenia reaching to
the Mediterranean Sea so they might
have the outlet they could nt get except
by possession of Constantinople. New
Russia might not wish to oppress a
stats so different ' ia population, also
shs might ast have aa interest ia
troubling us, wheress She would need
the Caucasus because of the railway te
Batoum aad also the oil riches of Bsku
which havs their, outlet at Batoum to
ths world markets. Besides, wo have
assurances from Deaikine that wo will
not be disturbed." .- ..
; .Leagae Partial Pratectioa.
Regarding the League of Nations, ths
Premier said that, surrounded by Bus
sians, British ia Persia and the Turks,
ths Lesgns would bo partial protec
tion but that if America guaranteed Us
ACeattnnM Pag Jt).
DESIRES
AMERICA
PERSHING CONQUERS
LAKE LANAO MOROS
Sends Expedition Around Lake Accomplishing.
.What Spain Had Striven in Vain to Achieve'
Hostile Forts Captured After Bloody Fighting
Knowledge of Country Obtained on Expedi-'
tion Found Invulnerable.
(Contined from Issue of November 9.)
"This point was a good mortar posi
tion, and mortar firs was opened. The
rest of ths column pushed forwsrd ss
rapidly as possible towsrd a position
above Calahui that appeared favorably
for the Maxims aud tha infantry. On
account of ths lack of trails and ths
roughness of the eountry it was 4:00
o'clock ia the sfternoon when the two
leading companies of infantry and ths
Maxim guns reached the point selected.
Here ths Moros began firing upon us
with great vigor, but the command, we
had of the position wss such that the
Interior of their fort could be raked
with artillery; and it was soon evident
that they not only could do but little,
but that they could not remain long
in the fort without great loss.
The fort was located on a point about
tOO-feet-high -that-projected into ths
lake and was surrounded on three sides
by wster, the shores for some distance
on both sides being covered with tim
ber. Placing Company O across the
ridge, sapporting the mountain guns at
a range of 700 yards. Lieutenant
Grade with Company M was ordered
toward the fort, to move with his left
flaak touching the lake. He encount
ered some resistance in the heavy tim
ber, but soon reached the vicinity of
the fort and niado a thorough recon
naissance of it. Returning after dark,
he reported that many of the Moros
hsd escaped by vinta, as many vintaa
were seen by him skirting ths shore
out of sight of bur position. Upon
ths return about dark with ths mortar
Captain Graeis reported having seen
Moros escaping. It was impossible to
surround this fort, a firing tins wss
held intact during the night, and strong
outposts wers posted about camp, which
was established on the ridge.
"Little firing was done during the
sight and early next morning several
Calahui Moros, uader Datto Ampuaa,
earns into samp and surrendered them,
selves, saying that all Moros hsd left
ths fort during the previous afternoon
sad night. Ia company with these
Moros the fort was entered and after
ward destroyed. The Calahni Morel
were required to take the oath of alleg
iance, whieh they-did according to More
custom, and' were released. They re
ported that the fort was occupied the
day before by about zw Moros or. isia
hut aad Tarasa, S3 of whom wers killed
aad several wounded. Ws had no
casualties. Tivs esaaoa and lantaes
wers fonad insids the fort and de
stroved.
"As befors stated, the fort at Calahui
was located on n high point projecting
into the lake and could be approached
only from ths land side, and then only
by crossing a wide triangmsr alien,
soms 40 feet deep, ine wain were
similar to those of Bscolod, although
hut one face was fortified. Against ths
artillery from ths position selected for
the Maxim it was absolutely untenable.
"During the day the leading dattos or
Tugaya snd several from Gate rame
Into eamo with assurance thst there
would bs no more trouble at any of the
remaining rancheriaa between Calahui
and Marahui. In order to give the men
a much-needed rest after the four days
of constant engagement and to swsit
the return of Troop A from Camp
Vicars, ths command was held in camp
at Calahui during the remainder or
that day snd night.
"About 4 o clock ia the afternoon
messsnger came in from lieutenant
Lear, ststing that the advanee guard
of Troop A had been attacked by
Baeolod Moras in the ravine just west
of Baeolod ridge. Medical assistance
was at once sent him, and the troop
with the wounded reached camp at
dark. Lieutenant Lear then reported
that four Moros, armed with eampilans,
had anrnnv from behind some large
boulders, esch one sttaeking a mmber
of ths point of the advance gunra. in-
rludins- Lieutenant Msngnm. The four
Mores wers killed, but the four mem
bers of ths sdvsnce gusrd were more
or less wounded,, of whom t;orporsi
Clauds D. Reads died shortly after
Machine1 camn.
"The next day. ths 11th. the sick and
wounded were returned to Camp Vicars
la vintaa nnder charge of a guard
commanded by Lieutenant A. W. Brown,
Tha com mind resumed the march un
der escort of msny friendly Moros and
went into camp for the night st Oato,
where we were received with every
manifestation of friendship and where
every attention wss shown us. While
here I flnslly settled an old feud be-
twaan the raneherias of uato ana nu-
eayanan that had been ths cause of wsr
between them in which ssversl Moros
lost their livss.
Msny Natives wers Friendly.
fOn ths 12th msreh wss again re
sumed and representatives from all
ths raneherias including ths, principal
raneehina. Bueayanan, uuayan, Muran
tao. Baeolod (north) and Marahui
along ths eosst cams out to meet us.
Ths msreh waa msds witnoui runner
incident to the Ague nvsr. opposite
Pantar. Here we remained in camp
during the following day and obtained
five days rations and forage lor tae
return trip.
The"Tturn msreh wss begun on
ths morning of ths 14th, and camp waa
made at Marahui. A delegation of
Bavabao Moroa visited camp, including
sultans or their representatives from
all the principal rancheriaa of that tribe,
together with Pandita Imaa Nuaca, a
high priest, the head of the Mohamme
dan church in Lake Lanso, most of
whom I hsvo known and visited during
my services at Iigan. On the 13th the
command marched to Calahui without
incident, aad oa the 16th. using the
trails slong ths coast through Bscolod,
resebed Cemp Virsrs. Passing near
Baeolod, Captain Eirkpatriek's troop,
which had been throwa out oa the right
flaak; St tba aoIuaa m a precauUwsjjr,
measure, had a few shots fired st them
from extremely long range.
As a result of this expedition of
exploration, it was definitely learned
that all the Moros slong ths west shore '
of Lake Lanao were friendly to us ex
cept those of Baeolod and Calahui and
a few about Linok. With these excep
tions all gavs us welcome or came out
la large numbers to meet us where the
rosd lad us st sny distance from their
raneherias. Expressions of friendship
had previously eome from many of them
during the trip from Csmp Viears
across the lake in November and Decem
ber. '
"The Moros of Baeolod, however, had"
openly defied our suthority for a year,
and were supported by many who, whils
not openly hostile, were in sympathy
with them. The destruction of their
fort, thought by moat Moros to be im-'
pregnable, nnd their losses in -the bat
tle destroyed their prestige forever aad'
will have a salutary and a lasting affect
upon them snd upon all ths Moros ia
the Laguna. This effect will bs
strengthened by the fact that no vron-
erty of any kind was destroyed except
unavoidably, and that all Moros who ex
pressed friendship were treated kindly:
"An accurate map of the west shore
of the lake wss made, and it was found
that a wagoit road could be constructed
with little diffleulry from Csmp Vicsrs
to Marahui, as the main trail follows
the shors line only a part of ths dis
tance, or from Tugaya to Madumbs.'
and even this could bs avoided if found
necessary.
"Ths existence of cholera about tha
lake made the expedition extremely
hazardous. The work neeesaarv ta sivrv
and-hoil water increased the labor of the
troops twowfold, especially as camps
could seldom' be made Bear the lake aad
all springs ad stresses usually eon.
taialng water during the rainy seassn
were found dry at this time. Nine ss
listed men contracted the disesss dur
ing ths expedition, three of whom re
covered,, while four civilian packers
contracted it, two of whom recovered.
x-rese rer men Aad Omcers.
I cannot speak too highly of the
conduct of the officers aad men com
posing this expeditionWell disciplined
snd trained as tfcsy hvs beea during
the last year ia campaigning among and
fighting against these . semi-ssvsges,
they were en ths alert to take advantage
of every opportunity to damage ths
snemy, aad at ths time to protect them,
selves agslnst unnecessary Josses. The
arduous duty during ths exneditln.
wsa performed most willingly, aad with
out exception with good judgment,
I desire especially to commend
vsiptaia u. a. McNair aad Lieutenant
llarence Deems, Jr., aad the men of
the Twenty-fifth Batter of n.M a..
tillery under them for their services
during this expedition, and especially
during the fight at Baeolod, also Cap
tain G. W. Kirkpatriek aad ths officers
snd mea of Troop L, Fifteenth Cavalry,
and Kirst Lieutenant G. C. Shaw and
the officers ssd mea of Company C,
Twenty-seventh Infantry, who deserve
the greatest credit for their gallant
conduct in the final assault en the Moro
stronghold. Lieutenant Shaw led his
company over the ditch and directed
tne movements or his men in ths hand-to-hand
encounter that took nlaca
against these fanatical Moros.
"The splendid service of First Man.
tensnt P. U. Pstterson, assistant
surgeon, snd members of the medical
aad hospital eorne nnder him ar. aa.
pecially worthy of commendation. I.eu.
tenant Man gum. Fifteenth 'CaTaJ re
displayed great personal courage after,
his rsvolver had threa times missed fire
in grappling with the individual Moro
who wss nwklnx for him. di aarmina ha.
Moro and killing him by blows with his
revolver.
"Ths report would bo Incomplete
ithout mentioning- tha excellent ,.
ices of Liouteaaat B. D. Peek, Engineer
Corps, who directed the construction''
of the bridge aeross tha ditch on tha
8th of April, aad of First Lieutenant
W. B. Oracle and the officers and m.a
of M Company, Twenty-seventh la--fan
try. and of First Lieutenant Ban''
Lear aad the officers and mea of Troop
ii, rineentn cavalry, who performed
the difficult work direetlr nndav tha
walls and firs from the fort. Chaplain
George D. Rice, Twenty-seventh In
fantry, who narrowly eseaDsd loainar his!
lifs in the assault oa the fort at'
Baeolod, deserves especially to be men
tioned for his untiring efforts in aldiag
the surgeons snd carina' for and com
forting the sick and wounded. '
. Seat en New Expedition.
The success of this third exoeditinn
established ths 5 supremacy of ths
United States In Mindanao.
There still remained one more task. -
however1, before the Lske Lanao Moros
wore completely aubjurated an ex
pedition around the lake.
Spain, through all the centuries of
her sorsrsignty over the Phillioines.
had vainly strivsd to msks such aa sx- .
pedition. Always her soldier hosts wsre
repulsed. No white man, nor company
of white mea, indeed, had ever ac
complished ths cirenlt of the Inks. 1
' Csptala Pershing, on April 28,-1903,
just after his return from hia third .
expedition, was ordered by Brigadier
General Samuel 8. Sumner, command
ing the Department of Mirdaaao, to
perform this feat. How well Pershing ,
executed the order msy bo learned from -his
own report to ths War Department,
a report whieh telle of an accomplish.
msnt that will Uvs always as a heroic
anil nananal ahanta af Ama.waa kia.
tory. For Pershing, with his command,
did that which no white man had ever
done before. - . ...
His report follows: s ,' -
"As soon as it became knows that
this expedition was to be made notice .
jtCeetlaaed ast Ps Tares.).