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LD DR. U. S. CENSUS.
who has just completed
the thirteenth diagnosis
of the condition of Uncle
Sam and his family, be
gan it in 1790 and has
been repeating it every
ten years since, uncie
Sam has footed the bills,
to date amounting to
about 547.000.000. Our
?nerable dad has calculated that the
thirteenth investigation will cost about,,
313,000,000;. $60,000,000 has been spent
for this purpose since 1790.
The twelfth census cost about $13,
J00.OO0, and as Uncle Sam's landed pos
sessions have increased since then and
bis family gained about 15,000,000 more
rneinbers than belonged to it in 1900,
it would be considered no more than
fair if tha present diagnosisv were to
.jail for the spending cf about $19,000,
j0, which would be the sum if the rate
jf increase of expense at each census
up to the twelfth were to be main
rained for the thirteenth. '
A census expert has estimated that
of the thirteen millions, the headquar
ters office force will earn $4,000,000,
the enumerators $4,C00,00O, the super
visors $910,000, and the special agents
$700,000. The administrative cost will
be $300,000. the stationery $200,000,
'rent $125,000, tabulating machines $250,
.00, cards for tabulation processes,
$100,000, i.rintin- $SOO,000, Alaska $85,
000. Porto Rico $100,000. Total, $12.-
."950,000. If that is all the expense, it is
cheap. The late Gen. Francis A. Walker,
who was a census authority greater than
aay other, living or dead, once wrote that
"the people of the United States can well
afford to pay for the very best census
they can get." He penned this remark
in connection with a frank confession of
his own shortsightedness in underesti-"
mating the cost of the tenth census4
It's the old story: When you are 111
get the best doctor yo j can afford.
The comparative cneapness with which
the thirteenth census has been taken was
largely due to Director E. Dana Durand's eco
nomical methods, to the introduction of semi-automatic
electrical card-punching, tabulating
and sorting machines, and to the inheritance
of wisdom from the experience gained by the
permanent census bureau. During the term of
the latter the methods of inquiry, tabulation and
compilation have been greatly improved, both
n accuracy and in economy. Millions will be
3sved.
Jili. Durand is responsible for many of the
new methods to increase statistical accuracy
at every step of the census taking and to de
crease the per capita cost of the enumeration.
"SSlS card-punching, tabulating, and sorting ma
chinery is the invention of a census mechani
cal expert and the patent rights belong to Uncle
Sam. The machines are novel in plan and de
sign, are of greater speed and efficiency than
those they superseded, and can be built and
operated at a large saving of money as com
pared with previous expenditures for this pur
pose. Other money -savin? features are the elimi--nation
of the vital-statistics inquiry from the
work of the decennial census, as it belongs to
the permanent branc h . of the United States
census; the reduction in the number of sched
nles, the piece-price method of paying for ma
chine work, the omission of the hand, house
hold and neighborhood industries from the
manufactures branch of the census, and the
-reduction of the 3ize and number of copies of
,the final report.
Congress limited the thirteenth census to
four general subjects population, agriculture,
-manufactures, and mines and quarries. The di
rector is authorized to determine the form and
subdivision of inquiries. The inquiry as to
population relates to the date April 15, 1910;
that as to agriculture concerns the farm opera
tions during 1909 and calls for an inventory of
farm equipment April 15, 1310; that relative to
manufactures and quarries is for IS 09.
The enumeration ' carried only the popula
tion and agriculture schedules April 15, 1910.
Special agents were sent out with the sched
ules for the manufactures, mines and quarries
.data. There were fully 65,000 enumerators, of
whom about 45,000 carried both the population
and agriculture schedules, as it Is estimated
.that there are now fully 7,000,000 separate
farms in America, with farmers numbering
well up into a score of millions. In 1910 there
were many more billions of dollars of fixed
capital invested in agriculture than there were
in manufactures, strange as it may seem. And
the farmer is getting better off all the time;
his mortgage indebtedness is decreasing fast;
his taxation is small as compared with the
urbanite's burden, and he has taken to auto
mobile riding on a large scale.
Census taking every ten years is a tremen
dous task. It is the greatest single operation
undertaken by Uncle Sam, with the exception
of the Panama canal work and the assembling
of an army in time of war. The American cen-"
sus is the largest, costliest and most accurute
of any taken by the civilized nations. Its
methods are the most modern and it3 equip
ment the most complete. The census bureau
force comprises, first. Director E. Dana Durand
of Michigan, who, al
though only thirty-eight
years old, is older than
most of the generals com
manding the forces in the
Civil war, and who is',
too. a statistically scar
red hero, a veteran In
government service, and
likely to prove the most
practical and efficient di
rector connected with
any of the past censuses.
Then there is the assist
ant director, William II.
Willoughby, of Washing
ton. D. C, former secre
tary of state of Porto
Rico. Next in rank are
the five chief statisti
cians: William C. Hunt,
in charge of the popula
tion division; Le Grand
Powers, heading the ag
ricultural division; Wil
liam M. Stuart, oversee
ing the manufacturing di
vision; Dr. Cressy L.
WTilbur, the vital statis
tics work, and Dr. Jo
seph Adna Hill, the di
vision of revision and re
sults. Charles S. Sloane
is the geographer; Al
bertua H. Baldwin is the
chief clerk; Voler V.
Is chief of the publica
tion division; Hugh M.
Brown is private sec
retary to the direct
or; Robert M. Pindell,
is the appointment Clerk; George Johnnes is
the disbursing officer, and C. W. Spicer is the
mechanical expert. In addition to these are
the chiefs of the divisions under the chief sta
tistician. There are about 750 permanent clerks and
3.000 temporary clerks, etc. The supervisors
numbered 330 and they employed and directed
the 65,000 enumerators. About 1,000 chief
special agents and assistant special agents.
The supervisors also employed 1,000 clerks, 500
special agents and 4,000 interpreters to- assist
them in the direction of the enumerators.
The data relating to population is trans
ferred to nianila cards, by the punching of
holes in them to correspond with the different
items in the schedules. An electrical machine
controlled by a clerk can punch holes in 3,000
cards a day. Three hundred of these were
used nnd 90,000,000 cards were ordered.
After the punching the cards are hand-fed
Into an electric tabulating machine with a
"pin-box" attachment which permits the re
quired pins to pass through the variously
placed holes in the cards, in this establishing
an electric circuit resulting" in the tabulation
of the items on counters which register their
results In printing on spooled paper somewhat
like a stock ' ticker." There-are 100 of these
machines. After certain comparis&ns to prove
accuracy, the schedules "are permanently pre
served in a great iron safe in the census bu
reau. As the card does not contain the name
of the persons for whom it stands, all personal .
identity is eliminated from the cards. All dan
ger of misuse of such information disappears.
Severe penalties are provided in case any em
ployee discloses census information to outsid
ers. The next step Is the making ofthe maps
and tables to accompany the analyses, and
then, finally, the issue of the printed bulletins
and reports. Before July 1, 1912, the work
must be over and the thirteenth census gone
to join its scientific ancestors.
Masterpiece, of Glass Work
In the British museum, in London, on exhi
bition, is the Portland vase, the masterpiece
of ancient glasswork. A chance discovery led
to the rescue of thi3 magnificent urn from the
grave, where it had lain for hundreds of years,
hidden and unknown. The vase was found
early in the seventeenth century by some la
borers, who, diggingon a hillock in the neigh
borhood of Rome, brolte into a small vault.
On further examination it revealed a suite
of three sepulchral chambers. In the largest
room they, found a finely sculptured sarcopha
gus, which contained the beautiful vase. It
was full of ashes, but it bore no inscription as
to the remains it held, nor has the mystery
ever been solved which shrouds its origin.
The vase was deposited in the Barberini pal
ace, where it remained until 1770, when the rep
resentative of the Barberini family, a Roman
princess, was forced to part with it to pay her
gambling debts. The vase changed hands
twice, then it was disposed of to the duchess of
Portland, but with such secrecy that fcser own
family was not aware of the transaction until
after her death.
At the sale of the duchess of Portland's col
lection it was purchased by her son, the third
duke of Portland, for the sum of $5,145, and it
was deposited in the museum by his successor.
The vase was wantonly smashed in pieces by
a drunken visitor, but the fragments were,
however, joined together, but the bottom; with
its mysterious figure in Phrygian cap, was not
replaced.
The material of this vase was long almost
as great a puzzle as the story it illustrates.
Breval refers to it as "the famous vase of
chaledony;" Misson calls it an agate; Bartoll
a sardonyx; while Caylus and others correctly
decided that it was made of glass. Theblue
body was first formed, and while stilj red hot,
coated over as far as the baa reliefs were in
tended to reach with semiopaque white glass,
the delicate figure being afterwards cut down
to the blue ground in the same manner as with
real cameos.
"No Openings Nowheres"
She is fortunate in having girl chums who
draw roses from their friends now and then.
'The other afternoon one of her rosy friends
pinned a b"right red one on her and she sal
lied forth into the street to make other wom
en envious. She had not gone far when she
felt a tug at the shoulder and turned to see a
strange woman.
"WKere'd you git that rose?" asked, the
stranger covetously.
"A friend of mine gave it to me," was
the answer, produced with some chill.
"A friend of yours? In a store?"
"No, not in a store."
"Well, hain't there no openings no
wheres?" "Not that I know of."
"Humph! Just my luck. I'm just crazy
for a rose, and when I saw you I just knowed
there was a fall opening somewhere."
Romance of Old Portugal
The recent deposition of King Manuel of
Portugal and the events in the young king's
life that led up to it w-ill no doubt bring back
to the minds of some of the older residents
of the city the story of Elise Hensier, the
Springfield girl who married a king and be
came the Countess Edla.
The .king she married was Don Ferdinand
II. of Portugal, a great grandfather of King
Manuel. Elise lived in Springfield about 60
years ago. probably for about four years.
The Henslers were humble people and
lived simply. The daughters, Elise and Louise,
were well received here and were given a
good musical education, especially Elise, whe
had quite a remarkable voice. Signor Guidi,
an Italian, at the time a well known teacher
of the voice, took an interest in Elise and it
was when Signor Guidi went to Boston that
the Ilensiers went there, largely through his
influence. He believed that Elise had a, fu
ture as a singer and wished her to be where
he could continue teaching her,'
Elise Hensier after her removal with her
family to Boston continued her studies. She
was perseverant in her work and progressed so
veil that she not only appeared in concerts in
the large cities in this country, but also in Eu
rope, where she sang before royalty. It was
while singing in Lisbon several years after the
death of Queen Maria that King Ferdinand
heard her voice and felt the attraction that
led him to marry her.
Ferdinand was the titular king of Portugal,
having been the second husband .of Queen
Maria II. of Portugal. Ferdinand married
Maria in 1836, when he was 20. The queen
died in 1853, and he was regent during the mi
nority of his son, Pedro V., who was the fa
ther of the assassinated King Carlos, the
grandfather of the deposed King Manuel. The
regency ended in 1855, and on June 10, 1869,
he married Miss Hensier.
When the European powers decided the
time had come to restore Spain to. a monarchy,
following the overthrow of the shcrt republic,
which existed from 1873 to 1875, considerable
pressure was brought to bear upon Ferdinand
to induce him to accept the vacant throne.
But his wife could never be queen of Spain,
and it is possible that this fact alone induced
him to refuse.
This absolute refusal on his part to accept
the throne of Spain, with all the pomp and
splendor of royalty in exchange for the roman
tic life that he was living with his morganatic
wife, had far-reaching consequences. The com
plications and jealousies resultant on the at
tempt to find a king acceptable to all the pow
ers helped to bring on the Franco-Prussian
war, and Alsace and Lorraine went back to
Germany, whence they had been wrested bj
Napoleon "Bonaparte.
In cqnsequence of these peculiar historical
facts, which geographically practically changed
all western Europe, Elise' Hensier, Countess
Edla, became famous throughout the world as
"the woman who changed the map of Europe."
During the life of the king they lived in the
beautiful castle of CIntra. - It is certain that
their life was above reproach. In 1885 the
king died, and after that the countess lived in
retirement in a cottage near the castle.
Built Bath for Mine Mules
Colliery Proprietor's Scheme Was
Appreciated by the Animals and
Prolonged Life and Vigor.
"Some time ago the proprietor of
, j. colliery at Plains, Pa., which -is
known as the Henry, built a big bath
tab tor the mules in the company's
mines. I can't say that ' this was
lone altogether from an altruistic mo
ire. The owners, after consulting with
veterinarians were convinced that a
dailybath would prolong the life and
the vigor of the mules which they
used. in the mines. . ' At any rate, they
built a big bath about 40 feet long
and something like four feet deep, near
the entrance to the stables. The
mules are pretty tired, as you can im
agine, at the end of a day's work.
But you should see them race from
i the mine entrance to the bath tub.
You would think they had been out on
pasture for six months, from the speed
they show as they gallop down to the
stable entrance. They clamber over
each other in their efforts to get into
the water.
"I'll venture to say that a horse
would make a break for the stable
and the stall to get the second meal of
the day, If worked as hard as one of
those mules, and would pass by the
bath.' But not so with those mules.
Hungry as they must be, they rush
into the bath. Some of the animals
are so reluctant to leave the water
that the stablemen have to drive them
out. One old' mule that has drawn a
car for years, absolutely declines to
leave the pool inside of ten minutes.
"Directly over the bath runs a per
forated pipe. When the stablemen
think the mules have been in the wa
ter long enough, the water is run
through this pipe, and the four-legged
bathers get a fine shower bath. One
of the foremen recently told me that
some of the animals will actually point
to the shower pipe with their noses
in order to call the attention of the
stablemen to their desire for a show
er bath. One evening the stablemen
were in somewhat of a hurry and tried
to get the mules out of the water with
out the shower. One animal, more de
termined than the rest, refused to be
driven out, and the water was turned
on to oblige that particular mule. This
saved time, as the mule is a pretty
difficult object even for a dozen men
to handle, especially in the water."
Washington Post.
HOW TO BUY LINEN
BEST, LIKE MOST THINGS, IS NOT
CHEAPEST.
Working Knowledge of Kinds and
Prices Essential to Woman Who
Would Make Best of Her
Outlay.
There are few women, of whatever
age or condition, who do not feel
pleasure in the sight of a goodly store
of lustrous damask, and to acquire
such a store, to use herself and then
to dower her daughters, is one of
the dear objects of all mothers'
hearts.
Ireland is the great home of linen
manufacture. Indeed, it is said a cer
tain firm in Belfast is the only one
ia the world still turning out genuine
grass-bleached damasks. Irish linen
is the most expensive at first cost, but
probably the most inexpensive in the
long run, as there is practically no
wear out to the splendid Irish cloth.
It comes back from the laundering (if
properly done) more glossy and beau
tiful with each washing. The prices
of tablecloths of Irish linen range from
three dollars up, depending first upon
the fineness and uien upon the size
of the cloth. y . -
French, German and Scotch linens
follow after the Irish in erder.
French linens arevery fine and have
an exquisite finish. German and
Scotch linen is said to be bleached by
chemicals, which probably affects its
wearing qualities. On this account
many housekeepers prefer to buy their
cheaper linens unbleached, and bleach
them at home. These cloths wear well,
and It is an indisputable economy to
use cneaper linens every day, espe
cially when there are children, so- as
to save the finer cloths and. nap
kins '
Pattern cloths for round tables are
made in beautiful designs, with a
round border to suit the. shape of the
table. It should be remembered that
the quality of damask does not depend
upon the weight of the thread, but
rather upon the fineness of the weav
ing. Accordingly, a loosely woven fab
ric is to be avoided. It will not only
not wear so well, but will never look
as well as those where the threads
are smooth and connect.
Most of the economy of table linen
depends upon the care that is given, it.
If stains are allowed to go untreated,
and thin places undarned, spots and
holes will put an end to its useful
ness. Most stains in table linen, are
quite easily removed by pouring, boil
ing water through them. Rust stains
will yield to applications of salt and
lemon juice, and most others to jav
elle water, while a few minutes' at
tention each week will serve to
strengthen the worn parts of old
clothes.
VERY CHIC WALKING COSTUME
Mulberry Colored Cloth After This De.
. sign Makes Very Attractive
Dress.
In mulberry-colored cloth this would
look exceedingly well. The smart
skirt has a group of plaits at each
side, which are well pressed and taped;
the back and front are made in panels,
which are connected at. sides by nar
row straps exit in with them, which are
fastened by buckles.
The semi-fitting coat has the right
side taken ovr to left In a point
where it is fastened by a buckle.
Black and white striped silk forms
the long roll collar; Russian braid Is
arranged simply on the fronts; the
cuffs are trimmed to match.
Hat of chip to match trimmed with
masses of flowers.
Materials required:: Seven yards
cloth 4S inches wide one-half yard
silk, one-half dozen yards Russian
braid, three buckles, four and one-half
yards silk for lining coat.
For Paper Patterns.
Get a large Japanese lantern, hang
it in the sewing room or any other
convenient place and use it to hold
light paper patterns. A lantern is
durable and will' hold a great many
patterns.
BOTH PRETTY AND USEFUL
Scissors-Holder and Pincushian That
Can Easily Be Made-by Any
Woman.
An ornamental and useful little arti
cle for hanging upon the wall by the
side of the dressing table is shown
in the accompanying sketch, in the
shape of a scissors-holder and pin
cushion. It is made of two circular pieces of
cardboard smoothly covered with silk.
ever, the little floral' design, suggested'
in the sketch, should be worked upon
the silk, and: the- strap sewn in its
place. The pins are-inserted in the edge of
the cushion in the manner illustrated,
and there is a loop of ribbon with a
rosette bow at the top attached to
either side, by which the cushion may
be suspended, from a nail in the wall.
i.oTl....:.',.
Between these two pieces a layer of
cotton wool is placed, and the sides
then bound together with silk ribbon.
Prior to covering the cardboard, how-
Enter the Beauty Spot.
It is coming, they say.
No longer will its fascinations he
confined tofaircy dress balls and the
like.
It is not the artificial-looking bit of
court plaster which is about to de
scend upon us.
It is the genuine beauty spot, the
tiny brown mole, which is promised
its innings for next winter.
If you haven't one, and few people
have, in the right place, paint it there.
Several actresses have already done
bo, placing the tiny blemish where it
will best enhance the charms of a pair
of beautiful eyes, a faultless curve of
the cheek or a lovely mouth.
It is surprising the. effect which this
innocent little bit of make-up, if
artistically performed, has in bringing
out good points of the face.
Cracks in Furniture.
Cracks in furniture can be filled in
with beeswax so that the marks will
scarcely show at air.
First of all, slightly soften the bees
wax until it becomes like putty, then
press it firmly and neatly into the
cracks and smooth the surface over
with a thin knife. Next sandpaper
the wood surrounding the crack and
work some of the dust into the bees
wax. This gives the work a finished look,
and when it i3 varnished the cracks
will have disappeared.
SMART EFFECTS IN TIES
Persian Chiffon and Satin Ribbon Can
Be Made to Produce Stun
ning Effects.
y
One of the smartest effects is made
by cutting a nine-inch square of Per
sian chiffon, to which is stitched
satin ribbon an inch and a half wide.
The ribbon is sewed to the. right
side of chiffon a half inch in from the
edge, using a machine for greater se
curity. The corners are mitred to
form a square.
Each quarter of this square is then
put into diagonal fine side plaits
meeting at the center of square. This
is easily managed by folding the
square over in one direction, and then
doubling in the opposite direction.
The small square thus formed is
plaited from the center out.
When the plaits are laid the square
is caught at the central point and
sewed to the back of a small four or
six looped bow of satin ribbon to
match border. The ends fall in grace
ul points.
Equally new hut scarcely so at-
tractive are bows and twisted ends of
plain satin or silk, the ends of bow
and tie having a border of Persian
silk or ribbon.
The New Bolero Hat.
There is a new bolero turban which
will probably prove popular for morn
ing wear. It is made of felt, with a
closely turned-up round ' brim that
rises to the hight of the crown. Be
tween this brim and the crown a bund
of velvet is Inserted, though only a
rim of it is seen. At the left sldo
of the front is a four-winged velvrt
bow. The brims of such boleros are
an even four inches deep, but their
circular form is varied by drapings of
ribbon or of feathers.
Sharp or softly dented brims arc to
be observed on every hand. Harper's
Bazar. "
To Make Gloves Last.
To prolong the wear of cotton or
silk gloves place a small piece of cot
ton wool in the, tips of each finger
and thumb.. This will prevent the
nails from rubbing them into holes so
soon.