North Carolina Newspapers

THE CHATHAM RECORD H.A.London EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR Terms of Subscription $1.50 PER YEAR Strictly in Advance A THE CHATHAM RECORD Rates of Advertising 'One Square, one insertion - - $1.00 One Square, two insertions- - $1.50 One Square, one month - - $2.50 For Larger Advertisements Liberal Contracts will be made. VOL. XXXVII. c PITTSBORO, CHATHAM COUNTY, N. C, JANUARY 6, 1915. NO. 22. V LI I I .'f The War in Brief SUMMARY OF THE EUROPEAN WAR FOR ONE WEEK READ AT A GLANCE ac January 4 The land fighting, which is sporadic in the West, but more con tinual in the East, has brought about no material change in the situation. Artillery is playing the biggest part along the western front, although at points there has beeii close range fighting. The Germans deny; French reports that they have been driven out of part of the village of Steinbach, up per Alsace which has been the scene of sanguinary fighting for a week past. There have been engagements on the Rivers Bzura and Rawka in Po and, but seemingly the Germans are no nearer Warsaw than they were a week ago. They have commenced of fensive operations in the direction of Gielce, one of the larger towns of Southern Poland, which doubtless has for its object the holding up of the Russian advance through Galicia on Cracow. An attempted German advance from Mlawa in an effort to divert the Rus sian threat of outflanking the Teutonic center by crossing the lower Vistula, northwest of Warsaw, has been checked by the Russians. According to Petrograd reports the Russians continue to .sweep the Aus trians westward along the Southern Galician railway, toward Grybow and Neu Sandeo and out of the northern foothills of the Carpathians. The Muscovites also are credited with hav ing organized a new campaign against Hungary, advancing in four columns across the mountains. This, it is said, will not be like previous raids, but will be a regular invasion. By request of King George yesterday was observed as a day of interces sion and special prayers for the suc cess of the Allies' arms were offered m every church and chapel of all creeds and religions in the kingdom. January 3. The destruction of the British battleship Formidable in the British Channel by a mine or a sub marine boat, although one of those events Englishmen now realize must be expected so long as the Britsh Navy is compelled to keep the seas, has caused widespread grief. This is due not so much to the loss of the ship, which was 15 years old and cost about $5,000,000, as it is for the men about 600 in number who went down with her. So far as known only 141 of the Formidable s crew of -750 were rescued. The French official statement indi cated that the artillery exchanges on the battle front in France had not diminished in severity or frequency. Various places were mentioned where artillery fighting had taken place. At some, no results were given, while at others the French claimed successes, as for instance at Steinbach, in Alsace. The Lokal Anzeiger " says 'it has learned the eldest son of Doctor von Bethmann-Hollweg, Imperial Chancel lor, was killed in action in Poland December 9. The following official communica tion was given out at the German army headquarters: "In the western theater of war nothing of importance has happened near Nieuport. The idea of retaking- the hamlet of St. Georges which has been completely demolished by the enemy's artillery fire vfcis abandoned in view of the high level of the water there.. To the south of the canal we captured an English trench." January 2. The Austrians again have been driven out of the greater part of Galicia and according to. a Vienna statement the Russians have crossed the Carpathians for the third time, but in Poland, where a more important battle is in progress, the armies of the Russian and German Emperors are still fighting for the banks of the rivers which intersect the country between the upper Vis tula and Pilica Rovers. In Flanders and France there has been a lull in the fighting on most of the front, disturbed occasionally, however, by artillery fire, infantry at tacks and counter-attacks. Along the Belgian coast fighting is confined to artillery bombardments, "vVestende and many other little towns which long ago were deserted by the civilian populations, have been made the target for shells of the Allies. Walfish Bay, a British possession on tiie coast of German SouthwestAfrica, which the Germans took at the com mencement of the war, has been re taken by Union of South Africa forces, while the Australians have annexed Boughainville Island, another of the Solomon ;Islands over which, flew the Cerman flag and about the last of the German islands in the Pacific. January 1. The AUies,' although making no dramatic attacks on the German lines, aro steadily hammering a ay w ith their artillery - and when opportunity offers, push their lines a few yards forward. A French eye witness describing battles from De cember 16 to 24, gives a good idea of the fighting and records gains, which, while each is only in yards, amounts la the aggregrate to a considerable a'lvance at many points. " A few hundred yards (in Flanders v're taken by primitive methods. Having the breeches of their rifles choked with mud, the Allies used them as dubs and in many cases fought the Germans with their fists. In one little French village within sound of the guns, Princess Patricia's Light Infantry, the first of the Cana dian contingent to go to the front, is billeted, waiting its turn to go into the trenches. The men were accorded a splendid recepion.by their comrades m arms and the French villagers. With the defeat of the Austrians in Galhcia and South Poland and the re tirement of the Germans across the Bzura, Petrograd believes the turn ing point has been reached in the battle of the Polish fivers. The chief fighting now is taking place on the Pilica, where the Germans still are on the offensive and have brought up big guns. December 31 The German official press bureau intimates that the Aus trians in Galicia will have to make new dispositions, owing to the strengh ening of the Russian forces there. The bureau admits that the extreme left wing of the Russians is' proving itself superior to its opponents. It an nounces that the French have assem bled strong forces in the Vosges re gion. .v The loss of the French submarine Curie is confirmed. The Curie, was engaged in an attempt against the warships at the Austrian naval base of Pola and Ventured there alone. Emperor William has been in con- ierence at his headqaarters .; with Grand Admiral Prince Henry of Prussia and Admiral von-TirpitZj min ister of marine, on the subject of the British raid on Cuxhaven. Prince Henry journeyed from "Keil to-head-' quarters for the conference. The be lief is said to prevail ;ih Berlin that Prince Henry, will be given supreme command of the German . battleship fleet. r : ; : Incidental to the note of the United States to Great Britian insisting on early improvement in the treatment accorded American commerce by the British fleet, President Wilson has ap pealed to American shippers of . non- contraband goods not to permit con traband articles to be shipped with them. President Wilson says the gov ernment can deal with the shipping situation only if the shippers use hon est manifests. Referring to the note addressed to Great Britian the president declared that large damages eventually will have to be paid by Great Britian for unlawful detention of American car goes. The state department, announces that Germany is not inclined to press hurriedly its request for the cancella tion of the exequaturs of neutral con suls in Belgian territory held by the German military. The United States in dealing with the request of Ger many will, it is skid, make no com mitment which could be considered as recognition of Germany's posses sion of Belgium. ) December 30 -The battle lines in the east and west have undergone few changes in the past day. French and German reports agree " that the Germans have captured a section of trenches near Hollebe"ke, south of Ypres. The reports of the numbers : of wounded both armies are sending back from the lines in Belgium appear 'to show that the fighting on Christmas in that country was-the fiercest of the past month. Correspondents in the rear say the Belgians, as a result of five days , sapping, captured nearly 3, 000; Gerrnans with only small losses to themselves. According to Russian reports, Ger man attempts to capture Warsaw have failed, while the Berlin official "state ment says there is general confidence that the German and Austro-Hunga-rian forces are making progress along the great front. French newspapers are enthuastic over the raid by British cruisers and sea planes on Cuxhaven. They con sider improbable the German state ment that, although the ships at Cux haven and the gas works were, hi by bombs, no damage was "done. The only damage the British ex peditioh sustained was due to the loss of several hydroplanes, while. Com mander Hewlett was the only person who lost his life. . . ' i The authorities issued a warning to day of the danger to people in the streets from guns which may be used in London against hostile aircraft and advised the people to take refuge in basements if they heard the sound of explosives or guns. December 29 French aviators, in the way of a reply to the dropping of bombs on Nancy by the Germans, flew over the aviator hangars of Fres car, one of the railroad stations of Metz, throwing down bombs in their flight. ' .The British raid on the GermaD coast with aeroplanes apparently net ted small results. Four of the seven aeroplanes were lost and one British officer is thought to have been drown ed. The attack brought about an unique ingagement in which subma rinse, cruisers, seaplanes, destroyers, aeroplanes and Zeppelins took part Russia has officially denied the re port that she has ceeded half of the island of Sakhalin to Japan. i FLOODS HAVE KEPT TROOPS FROM FIGHT IEAVIEST RAINS IN YEARS HAVE CONVERTED TRENCHES IN TO RIVERS. FRENCH GAIN NEAR R0YE Turks Invade Russian Border. Con stantinople Claims Successes '';' At Ardahan. London. The extremely rainy win ter, the worst Europe has experienced in years, has caused floods in the riv er vaJleys of the Continent which have prevented any operations on a large scale on the western battle front and seriously interfered with those in the East. There have been heavy artillery engagements from the sea to tne Swiss Doraer ana occasion- al attacks by the infantry of the op- posing armies, which were not re- pulsed, have added a few yards to the territory in the possession of the at- tacking force, but have always Droved costly adventures. The French have gained a little ground between Albert and Roye, just north of the point where the line turns eastward, and east of Rheims and southwest of Verdun, where attempts to make untenable the German posi- tions at St. Mihiel, on the Meuse are proceeding slowly. They also have made some advances in Alsace but have suffered a repulse to the north- west of St. Menehould. .. In the East the Germans have cap- tured the important Russian position at Borjimow, but elsewhere have been unable to . make headway. The Rus- sians as defenders of well fortified positions are aided by muddy roads, which .hinder the German movements. The Austrians claim to have checked from the literacy test and from pro the Russian advance near Gortfce, on visions which prohibit American from the South Galician railway, but appa- rently the battle there has not yet been concluded. Tne Kussians nave taken tne aus . . . . ... trian positions near Zukok Pass which should open another entrance for them through the Carpathians into Hungary, while the Austrian retreat in Bukowina is described by the Rus sians as a riot. The Turks have crossed the Russian border in the Caucasus and according to Constantinople, have defeated . the Russian garrison at Ardahan. They are, however, displaying anxiety for their remaining possessions in Europe by feverishly fortifying the whole coast line. What they fear is not dis closed, for it is considered hardly pos sible for the Allies to land a sufficient force to prove a menace to them. It is possible they anticipate an invasion from another source. BUSINESS CONDITIONS GOOD. Character of Commerce of the United State is Optomistic. Washington. Business conditons are described as generally re-assuring by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States in a report made pub lic. The report adds however, that the war has had a wide-spread and depressing effect on industry. . "Economy naturally prevails among all classes," says the report, "though remarks have been noted that this does not extend to automobiles. Fu ture delivery goods purchases are smaller and collections uniformly Door, but lately a maiked change has been noted in a lessening of difficulty in ohtainine bank loans and in an eas- ing of interest rates. Conditions in the South, while slowly improving. still present a serious problem." Crops in general, the report adds, have been good, but the cattle in dustry confronts serious handicaps ic difficulty in obtaining loans on cattle and the foot and mouth disease quar antine. The sheep and wool industry is .excellent but general mining con ditions are poor. Germany to Exhibit. San Francisco. Despite the war two large blocks of space in the Pal ace of Liberal Arts have just been awarded Germany by the Panama Pa cific International Exposition. The natureof the exhibit is not known. Prayers for Allies' Success. .London. Large' congregations who crowded London churches for the ob servance of Intercession day offered special prayers for the Allied arms and in remembrance of those who have fallen. Four services were held at St. Paul's Cathedral. The first at 8 a. m. was conducted by the Rt. Rev. Arthur Ingram, Bishop of London. The great cathedral was thronged throughout the day.- Westminster Ab- ley also had a large attendance. The sermon there was by Archdeacon Wil- berforce- Million Dollar Fires. Philadelphia -Two fires caused more than 11,000,000 damage in Phila delphia and Camden. Pennsylvania Ralroad trains were held up more than an hour and a half by the flames which destroyed a lumber yard and 17 dwellings in North Philadelphia while traffic on the Philadelphia & Reading road from Camden, N. J., was discon tinued because of a fire which destroy ed the station there and damaged a lumber yard and the John Dialogue Shipbuilding plant. .Four firemen were injured at Camden and 50 here. PASSES IN SENATE MANY AMENDMENTS ARE MADE WHICH HOUSE WILL PROBAB ACCEPT. SENATE VOTE WAS 5Q TO 7 Enough Friends of Measure to Pasi Over Expected Veto of President. Belgians Get Exceptions. Washington. The immigration bill containing the restrictive literary test lor admission of aliens, passed the benate 50 to 7. The overwhelming majority was recorded despite indica tions that President Wilson would veto the measure, as did former Pres- went Taf t, if it should come to him with the educational test included -i ne veto indicated that the bill could be repassed by more' than tbe required two-thirds majority should the President reject the measure Senators who voted aaginst the bill were: iirandegee, McCumber, Martine. O'Gorman, Ransdell, Reed and Walsh. The bill passed the House last Feb ruary 241 to 126. Although the Sen ate amended the House bill in sev eral particulars, the literacy test was unaltered, save for an additional ex emption to Belgian subjests, adopted after prolonged debate. Among Senate amendments which House leaders have said probably would be accepted is one to exclude from the United States all persons of the African race or of negro blood. Another strengthens the phraseology of the prohibition of polygamists Closing hours of the debate were devoted to an amendment by Senator Lodge to exempt Belgian farmers soliciting or inducing immigration Already American organizations are endeavorine to inrfiiro Roihnc. eQ I " "--o-""" tie in this country. The amendment, as finally adopted, 34 to 22, reads "That the provisions of this act relating to the illiteracy test or in duced or assisted immigration shall not apply to agricultural immigrants from Belgium who come to the United States during the course of the pres ent European war or within one year after its termination owing to circum stances or conditions arising through the war, if it is shown to the satis faction of the Commissioner General of Immigration that the said Belgian immigrants come with the intention of engaging in agriculture in the United States and to become American cit izens." MUST EDUCATE FILIPINOS. raft Says Not Ready for Self-Govern-ment by Thirty Yeare. Washington. Former President William Taft told the senate commit tee working on the administration bill for enlarging Philippine independ ence, that the Flipinos in his opinion would be unfitted for self-government for the next 30 years probably for the half century. Democratic party promises of independence, he declar ed, had resulted in unrest to which he attributed, in a measure, the recent revolutionary disturbances. Neither President McKinley, Presi- dert Roosevelt, nor himself, he said," had contemplated turning the Philip- Pme government over, to the natives before they were educated for self government. He quoteo. from Presi dent Wilson's writing that "self-gov ernment is not a mere form of insti tution, but a form of character." "We cannot present the Filipino people with a character," said the former president. "It must be ac quired. You cannot make over a peo ple in one generation. The time that will be necessary to train the Filipino people for self-government is the time that will be necessary to make them an English-speaking people. If you give these people independence now or by 1920 either a Diaz would arise in the Philippines or they would get into a condition that caused the fall of Diaz in Mexico." Struck by Mine or Torpedoes. Brixham, Devon, England.: Surviv ors here of the British battleship For midable say the warship! was struck by a mine or torpedo abaft the maga zine. The explosion was terrific ( but the magazine was not reached. Had that also blown up, the" ship would have foundered without there being time to save anybody, they said. As the water rushed in, the men on the Formidable hurried to the deck and some got away in small boats. Capt, Loxley and his signal men did not leave the bridge. Will Not Seize Food. ' London. A Reuter dispatch from The Hague says: "It is authorita tively stated - that the Netherlands Minister at Berlin, supported by the Spanish Minister and the American Ambassador, recently made represen tations to the German Gdvernment concerning requisitioning of food in. Belgium. The German Government immediately gave assurances that as long as the inhabitants of Belgium were supplied with food from else where there would be no requisition ing of food." BUREAU OF CENSUS its on Gonor NORTH CAROLINA MAKES BET TER SHOWING THAN ANY OTH ER STATE IN NATION. TAR HEEL CAPITOL NEWS General News of North Carolina Col lected and Condensed From the State Capital That Will Profe of Interest to All Our Readers. Raleigh. N The last bulletin of the Bureau of the Census, the Department of Com- ' merce, on the supply and distribution of cotton, covering the year ending, August 31, presents some interesting j figures for North Carolina. It is shown ' that North Carolina cotton mills con-! cumo all Hut OO COO Vv-r. 1 e 4-1 q , 71 WiU ? !.ftate- ? lncrease in sumption of cotton was from 653,350 Sil ih f9!6477, Z 38'J D6r liit- ? 2sideLed a sPJendid oMuniug, it us ueuei man any omer State in the Union did. South Carolina still leads the South in the number of cotton spindles. The following nained North Carolina coun- ties, according to the latest estimates of the Census Bureau, have more than ioo.uoo cotton spindles each: Gaston, 507,192; Cabarrus, 281,532; Mecklenburg, 267,800; Guilford, 213,- 868; Durham, 162,404; Rockingham, 159,986; Alaruance, 140,592; Ruther ford, 13S.16S; Richmond, 127,047; Stanley, 104,96. Bristol County, Massachusetts, leads the United States with 7,145,232 cotton spindles. Spartanburg eounty South Caro- -i.ua., idouo IUU OUUU1 WILLI Greenville cuuuxy, ooum uaroiina, South has 742,690 aal Anderson county. 574,784. Ten North Carolina and 13 South Carolina counties have more than 100,000 spindleB. - "Bristol county, Mass." said the census report, "with 7,145,232 cotton spindles led all other counties, 64.7 per cent of the total spindle capacity for Massachusetts, 40.4 per cent for the total for Ney England and 21.8 per cent of the total for the United States. The industry was establish ed in this county at an early date, and the county haa long maintained a leading position. Fall River, the most important city in the United States rom a cotton manufacturing stand point, is located in this county, as ell as the cities of New Bedford, and Taunton. In the Southern State, Anderson, Greenville and Spartanburg counties, In the western part of South Carolina, and Gaston county in North Carolina are the only ones with more than 500,000 cotton spindles each." The total active spindles, ring and mule, in North Carolina, is 3,770,316, and South Carolina 4,583,712. North Carolina has 3,702,280 ring and 68,036 mule spindles; South Caro lina, 4,580,352 and 3,360. Massachusetts with 1,347,778 bales, leads all the other states in the quan tity of cotton consumed; North Car olina, with 906,177 bales is second; South Carolina, with 794,678 bales, third and Georgia, with 632,332 bales. fourth. The "consumption in North Carolina ncreased from 653,350 bales to 906,- 177 last year.' That is 38.7 per cent. The increase in South Carolina was 27.5 and in Georgia 29.9 per cent. North Carolina produced 935,000 bales last year, just 28,323 more than 6he consumed. A Vital Statistics Bulletin. Arrangements are being made by the bureau oi. vital statistics for the publication of a bulletin which will be devoted to the vital statistics reports for the state and such other matter as will be interesting. This will be in addition to the bulletin published monthly by. the state board, devoted to general health work. The first is sue will make its appearance in Janu ary. State's History Being Preserved. The biennial report of Secretary R. D. W. Connor of the North Carolina Historical Commission has been made to the commission, the members of which are J. Bryan Grimes, W. J. Poole, D. H. Hill, M. C. Si. Noble and T- M. Pittman. The report is unusu ally interesting because of the amount and variety of the work done, includ ing the transfer of the new quarters, in the state administration building of the commission and its invaluable records and of the great collection of objects in the Hall of History. On the 12th of last January the commission began the removal of its collections from its quarters In the Capitol which it had occupied seven years, to the new building, where it -as the second floor, especially de signed for its purposes'. The two large exhibition rooms contain the great collection of relics, manuscripts, rare editions and portraits. There are also a document room, the offices and rooms for the repair and mounting of manuscripts. The building is equipped throughout with steel furni ture and is belie tedj to be fireproof. ran -J- Canning-Clubs In the South. Results of the Girls' Canning dub movement in Southern States, promot ed jomtly.by the department of agri cuiiture and the general education board are detailed in an installment of the latter organization's annual re port made public In New York re centJy. , "Each girl," says the report, "takes one-tenth of an acre and is taught how to select the seed, to plant, cul tivate and perfect the growth of the tomato plant Meanwhile portable canning outfits have been provided, to be set up in the orchard or the gar den, and trained teachers of domestic science instruct tbe local teachers in the best methods. When the tomatoes are ripe the girls come together, now at one home and now at another, to can the product. The girJs are taught the necessity of scrupulous cleanli ness; they sterilize utensils and cans, seal and label and indeed manufac ture an easily marketable product. "Three hundred and twenty-five girls were registered the first year; 3,000 the next, 23,550 in the year following, in 1913 there were upward of ,30,000 in 14 different states. '"The entire expense of the "Girls' Canning Club work has at all times been borne by the general education board, except for local contributions. ' In 1911 an initial appropriation of $K f(( rtraa -mnria' OC AAA tVn fnlUn. year- and in Mar- "13, the appro- i Priation of the board for this purpose was $75,000. N "Though the national government through the department of agriculture ad entire control and supervision, it has borne no part of the expense. The states in which the work is now going forward on this basis are Mary- '"nd, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida Mississippi, Kentucky, Ten nessee, Arkansas, Alabama, Oklahoma and Texas. "The average profit made by the girls reporting in 12 states was $21,98. but- not a few made sums far in ex cess. A Macon county, Mississippi, girl realized a net profit just under $100 on. her 950 cans of tomatoes; a 0it1 1 i tr T or in A iTrnn nmi-wxir S a , ted $60 51 Advancement of Adult Farmers. . Commissioner of Agriculture directs speciaih attention to the official show ing that last year's crop of cotton in North Carolina was 790,000 bales and that the cotton mills of the state con sumed that year 869,915 bales, nearly 100,000 bales more than was grown In the state. The commissioner has just filed with Governor Craig his biennial re port for the state board of agriculture, being practically the same as was offi cially passed upon and published in connection with the recent annual meetings of the state board of agri culture. The commissioner declares in his introduction to the report that there has never been such advancement among adult farmers anywhere as has been attained in North Carolina the past several years through the special efforts of the department of agricul ture in this direction. The state has risen, he points out, from the twenty second to the thirteenth in the Union in the value of its agricultural prod ucts and in cotton has taken first place among the cotton states, pro ducing 315 pounds to the acre in 1911- Patents For Tar Heels Washington. Davis & Davis, pat ent attorneys report the grants to citizens of North Carolina, of the fol lowing patents: George F. Bahan and F. R. Chadwick, Charlotte, bobbin stripper; Fred D. Blake, Charlotte, car step; Michael E. Rudisill, Henry River, thread-guide; Walter Woodall, Benson, plant-lifting attachment for cultivators; Olmedo C. Wysong, Greensboro, dove-tailing machine. Mailing Out More Reports. v Commissioner of Labor and Print ing M. L. Shipman recently mailed out reports to the members-elect of the state legislature. Letters with the reports called attention of the new members to the various features of the report. 1,000,000 More Pounds of Tobacco. Probably another million pounds of tobacco will be sold in KInston In January, according to estimates of tobacconists. The season's sales to date have been 17,554,300 pounds, nearly as much as has been sold in any previous entire season. . Superintendent Joyner Reports. Dr. J. Y. Joyner state superintend ent of public instruction, has filed with Governor Craig his biennial re port and recommendations to be transmitted to the legislature. He urges an effective law to assure uni form examination, graduation and certificates for teachers through en largement of the powers ard work of the state board of examiners created by a former legislature. He urges that every county in the state be re quired to employ a competent super intendent for his whole time. Suggests Caring for Birds. The department of agriculture Is bestirring itself in the interests of the wild birds that show a disposition to be neighborly with man. A recent bul letin admonishes residents of city as well as country to supply food for such of the birds as remain with us throughout the winter and directs at tention to the fact that assistance of this sort Is necessary because man, in his war against weeds, in his culti vation of the soil, In all his improve ments of wild, land, has destroyed the natural sources of food supply. Mimional WIMVIOUIUUL Lesson (By E. O. SELLERS, Acting: Director, of Sunday School Course.) LESSON FOR JANUARY 10 DEBORAH AND BARAK DELIVER ISRAEL. , LESSON TEXT Judges 4:4-16. X30LDEN TEXT The righteous cried, and ,Jehovah heard and delivered them out of all their troubles. Ps.- 34:17 R. V. . There are two inspired accounts of this victory, one in prose (ch. 4) and one in poetry (Judges 5). They pre sent different views of the same event. Israel had been oppressed for 20 years under Jabin and Sisera, his chief captain (4:2) though it seems to have been that the northern tribes of Naphtali, Asher and Zebulun, the Galilee of Christ's day, were chiefly concerned. , Mother in Israel. I. Deborah's Call to Service, vv. 4-9. As the people forsook God he forsook them, and they became ej.sy prey. If we withdraw from his service we also withdraw from his protection. Al though Joshua had burned Hazor (Joshua 11:1-11), yet because of Is rael's backsliding it is now strong enough to become the ruler. It Is so with sin allow it to exist and it will conquer. When, however, Israel re pented and cried unto God (v. 3) he raised up a deliverer and in this case It was a "mother In Israel" (ch. 5:7). The word Deborah means "bee," and it is suggested that "sha answered her name by her Industry, sagacity and usefulness to the public, her sweetness to her friends and sharp ness to her enemies" (Matthew Hen ry). Her husband's name Is given, but none of his achievements. From her dwelling place at Jebus, as she sat beneath a palm tree she gave forth her wisdom and judgment to the peo ple who brought their diOculties be fore her (Ex. 18:13; Deut.17:8-12). Judgment of sin always precedes any manifestation of grace (I Cor. 11:31, 32). Deborah, the Judge, recognized the gravity of the situation, for she was not only a judge, but a prophetess by divine appointment (II Pet. 1:21). When she called Barak at once recog nized her note of authority (v. 6) Deborah gave Barak explicit instruc tion and direction. In this chapter only the two tribes most interested are mentioned (5:17, 18). Bold, Sagacious Leader. II. Barak's Conquest of Sisera, w. 10-16. Barak was a bold, sagacious leader and chose one of the world's best and most famous battlefields, E3- draelon. Barak led his men to ML Tabor, from which could be seen the whole region where Sisera's armies were spread'out upon the plain. From chapter 5 it appears that some came to the battle from the tribes of Manasseh and Issachar (5:14, 15) and that others were expected who failed to obey the summons (5:15, 17). From' the slopes of ML Tabor, Deborah and Barak saw Sisera and his iron char iots advancing across the plain. One of the descendants of Hobab, Moses ' brother-ir.-law (Num. 24:22 R. V. m., and Judges 1:16) had revealed the place of Barak's camp (v. 11). Heber should have been in the land of Judah and Simeon and not in such close proximity to the enemies of Israel. Josephus says that when Barak saw Sisera's army drawn up, and attempt ing to surround the mountain of his encampment his heart failed him, and he determined to retire to a place of greater safety. Deborah, however, urged Barak tto attempt -the battle, "for this is the day in which the Lord hath delivered Sisera into thine hand." The thing was as sure to be done as if it were done already. As we read verses 11 and 12, together with 5:17-19, it would look as though Sisera seemed to have the advantage ' against Barak and his ten thousand men. Sisera did not, however, count upon Barak's powerful ally God. "Is not Jehovah gone out before them?" Deborah had enthusiasm and zeal, but needed Barak's action. She depended . upon the rure word of God and was devoid of fear (Rom. 8:31). She knew that victory was certain, for God had said so (v. 7). Her charge, "Up, Barak!" was a clarion call jad served to nerve the entire army of - Israel. Verse 15 tells us who it was that won. the battle that day (see also 5:20, 21; Josh. 10:10; t Chron. 15:15-17). Even the stars fought against Sisera, mean ing that God turned the elements to the advantage of Israel's army. Showers of meteors have been recorded in this land in recent times and 5:21 tells of the floods of water that "Bwept away,' overthrew, the chariots of Sisera. T,he word 'discomfited," we are. . ...told, scarcely ;uggests the sudden terror and confusion which fell upon Sisera's army. Like all' of God's victories, it was most complete. . a Dravi, outraged woman executed, a sentence which some male member of her famPv would certainly have' been bound to carry ouL The "curse of Meroz" (5:23) Is that bestowed upon th shirker, the cow ardly and idle. It is the curse of ,use 14sness, the causes of which are' ' cowardice, false humility and. indo lence. The work of the Avenger is a necessity. Evil stalks the world on the way to execution; though wrong reigns, it must and will lead through the power of the highest to Christ's glory (Eph. 6:12, Horn. 8:37-39).