,v
1'
Mr. Clayton' Speech
AT LANCASTER.
Extracts from the fptech of John M. Clayton, of
Delaware, at the Whig Mass Meeting at Lan
caster on Thursday last.
Indulge me next in the brief con
eideration of nother question, which must be de- j
cided,aud perhaps forever settied by the approach- j
ing Presidential election. It is one of such thril
ling interest to every true American heart that
wherever it it rightly understood, if absorb and
wallows up all other and minor issues, it is a
question which comes to the bosoms and business
fall men among us who seek to obtain an hon
orable living by honorable means. If our experi
enc as a nation has demonstrated any thing, it is
the Wisdom yea, the absolute necessity of pro
tecting our own home labor the labor of all men
who live, aad movej and have their being on our
American soil, whether they be native or natural
ized. The sad story of our country's sufferings
during those fatal years which preceded the 30th
of August, 1642, when the present Whig tariff
was enacted tor eur renei, is yet iresu in your
memories. You know how bankruptcy and ruin
bad overspread the land, crushing in their pro
cress men of all classes and cur.diUu'is. By the
Secretary of the Treasury's annual statements of
the commerce and navigation of the United Mates
for the year ending September 30th, 1642, now
before mer it appears that the imports of specie
and bullion during the year -were $4,087,016;
the exports 14,0-13,549. exhibiting a drain of
specie from the country amounting to 720.5-23,
by the custom-house returns. By the Secretary
of the Treasury's annual statement of the com
Dierce and navigation of the United States for the
last quarter of the calendar year 19 42, and the
first two quarters of the year 1842, (being the first
nine months of the tariff of 1842,) now before me,
it appears that, during these nine months of Whig
protection, the imports of specie and bullion were
22,320,433 ; the exports $1.520,701 exhibiting
a gain in-our favor from foreign countries on the
articles of specie and bullion to the enormous -a-mount
of 820,799,540 1 all of which, let me re
peat, was brought into the country, and was kept
in the country, by the "Whig tariff for the first
nine months after its operation commenced. J lie
same document proves that during the same nine
months our exports were S 34,340, 4s)0, ad our
importa $64,753,799, showing a balance of trade
in Our favor for those nine months of 10,592,
C81. By the same statements of the Secretary
it slaa annears that, durinir the vears 1841 and
1842, the tonnage of the United States fell off
from that of the preceding years about yu.uuo
Ions; being a loss in two years of about 90,000
tons; while it also appears that, during the first
Dins months after the tariff of 1S42 went into op
eration, our tonnage increased by the sum of
C0.212 tone; so that, i'i nine months' time we re
erfined more than lico-liurds of alt the tunn-ige we
had lost during the two preceding years, while the
tariff was descending to its lourst rales under the
cclofVSZi.
Thc question now before the country is shall j
thit Tariff stand or fall I It is utterly in vain for
gentlemen of the opposite parly to attempt to
evade this issue. By electing a President reso
lutely bent on its destruction, as Mr. Polk has
declared himself to be, we bring the whole pow
er and patronage of the General Government to
bear against thirey stem of policy, and that iden
tical law whuih we know is daily bringing ines
timable blessings to us and ours. We elect a
man to instruct by a message at each successive
session of Congress .Jar four years to rome the
Senators and Representatives i f the people to re
peal that law and break down that system. We
elect a man for the purpose of filling the custom
houses, where the duties are collected, with the
enemies of this system, which he has solemnly
denounced in his address to the people of Ten
nessee, of April 3, 1839, a "omocs and unjust "
H'e electa man to rill 50,000 offices in these U-
nited States with the partisans of free trade and
the advocates of that British policy which would
reduce' us to a state of vassalage to England, and
re-colonize these Slates in her behalf, without
subjecting her to the expense of governing us or
imparting to us a solitary advantage in return for
the substantial loss of our own national indepen
dence. We elect a man to fill the judicial tribu
nals of this Government with judges, who may
declare the tariff itself uncomlitulumal; and the
exeevtive and ministerial offices of the Govern
rnent with men hostile to , the protection of our
home labor; and we empower him, should he
think proper to prohibit the execution of the law
he hates, to strike dead any warrant for the en
forcement of that law, in the hands of his agents,
by removing them at pleasure, ll has been ru
mored that many Pennsylvania democrats are
friends of tbe tariff. I hope all Penns'vlvanians
are. I know they otight to be. And if they are,
I trust they never will deliver their lamb to the
wetf, by committing their favorite policy to the
the hands of James K. Polk. Let no Pennsylva
nia damocrat,' .who dares vpw his friendship for.
that Dolicv. lav the flattering unction to his soul,
that by-the election of Mr. Polk he will be etWrus-
r . . . ir i i .. .mi i. it.
ted with the honors or omces wiucn win oe uis
tributed among the" victors, should they now stride
into oower. triumphant over the humbled friends
of American labor. With all the high places of
the Republic with all the avenues to executive
favor, thronged by men concurring with the pres
ident elect, your Pennsylvania Tariff Democrats
will, should Mr. Polk succeed, occupy the posi
tion in the White House at Washington about
the 4th of March next, somewhat rudely but
tersely and appropriately "described by the old
saw of "poor folks t a frolic." Do these inten
ded victims of political suicide doubt the destiny
that awaits them! II t.'iey do, will they oe aina
enough to tell me why such a man as James n.
Polk, known for his animosity to the system of
protection, if he was known for any thing, was
preferred by the party Convention over all the
honorable and honored statesmen of Pennsylvania,
and especially over your own James Buchanan,
who may justly rank among the highest honors
of his public life tbe glorious vote he gave for
that very protective tariff which Mr .Polk holds
in such utter detestation. This tariff question
presents tbe cardinal pointed difference between
tbe two gentlemen. If they differ very essentially
on other subjects I am not aware of it. Why
was it, then, that when Van Buren, Cass, and
Johnson were discarded; men whose names, like
Buchanan's, were conspicuous before the country
for the Domination wby was it, I ask, that, at lhat
moment, the name of such a man as Buchanan
was overlooked or disregarded, and his justly lofty
pretensions set aside for such a man as James K.
Polk) In what one quality ef either heal or heart
did James K. Polk excel James Buchanan?
Was it a preference given on account of .Mr.
Polk's greater knowledge and experience in the
pablic councils! Why, the latter was but a strip
ling cadet, while the former was contending in
the front ranks among the veterans and best cbam
piens of the party. Buchanan had won by his
services in Congress one of the highest chaplets
that grace the Kttnalnr's brow, while Mr. Polk
was yet practising bis pleadings among the coun.
tf courts of Tennessee. With a name atanding
high among the highest of our statesmen, the
prominent min of a great State like Pennsylvania, '
upna which Henry Clay had bestowed the glori
ous designation ol j:ry atone of our Federal Arch,
with claims founded, on hi native talent, on lonjr
.I .:.ur..l ..J k:. ... ;
',14 iihihhi p,,Bfl ,. m .nicmiig i,u '-
Mea anowieega aaa ataiesman ano a scnoiar, tne !
FenneylTanis Tariff Democrat, who had dared to '
represent the iaterest of Pennsylvauia ftrmets (
hy- hi vote, was supplanted by a Souihetn cotton .
planter, whose only superior merit, inthejudg;
ment of those who gave him the nomination,.must
have been that he had shovn no sympathies for1
the Pennsylvania laborer through the whole
course of his political life, in which his views seem
ed bounded by the limits df the rice-field and the
confines of the cotton plantation. Yes, Pennsyl
vania! his VOTE FOR THE TARIFF was
the weight which pulled your statesmen down!
In that day, when he was cut aside for one so
innmtelv inferior in everv respect, as was James
K. Polk of Tennessee, there Was no thought of
you or your inheritance I Your statesman lived
too far north of Mason Si Dixon s line, to make
a first-rate Free Trade President ! He lived too
near the regions of the iron and coal, lie smelt
too strongly of the Pennsylvania workshops. He
owned no cotlou plantation, and tie would not,
like the free trade orator of Roanoke, "at any
time go twenty yards out of his way to kick a
sheep !" 1 am here this day to make my appeal
to Pennsylvania Tariff Democrats, to stand by
their friends, their own best interests, and their
own dear country, in the approaching struggle.
Help those whose interests are identified with
yours whose children must have a common des
tiny with yours. lo! trie host of the enemy that
threatens to trairfple us all under foot is full, in
view before us. in all the pride of men who have
felt power and forgot riglit, you may hear their
shows of lutriumpe! ill anticipation of their vic
tory over the prostrate friends of Pennsylvania
labor and Pennsylvania honor. They have cov
ered your noble State with debt ; and now open
ly co-operate wfth those who aim to rob her of
hor share of the-sales of the Public domain,
which would aid her in the payment of it. Will
you for a party name will you for the mere sake
of a party triumph, in which you never can par
ticipate, help to bear down your own struggling
friends in this contest 1 Will you stand coidiy
aloof, and
let the Votsces
Plough Rome and harrow Italy ?"
Will you "all bond of privilege anJ nature
break 1" cast off ihe ties of fii.-iidship anil kin
dred, and affection, for the galling fellers of p-tr-ty
discipline; and while Pennsylvania is stretch
ing forth bcr hands, imploring her own sons to.
assist her in her distresses, will you, can you,
have the hjarl to laugh at her calamities and
mock at her. appeal!
If there be any one pres"iit who has been gull
ed by the delusion ol tlie enemy, which teuciies
in Pennsylvania, what no one dares to pretend
in the Southern Siatea, that Henry Clay has
ever abandoned the protective system, and that
James K. Polk is to be relied upon as its ad
vocate and "friend, let ine crave lhat man's at
tention to a few facts, winch will dispel (hat
delusion forever. Ills nut my purpose too-cupy
your time by a repetition uf what 1 had the honor
to say at Wilmington, on the 15th of June, last,
in reference to this subject. So far as relates
to the opinions and past course of Mr. ( 'lay in
regard to the compromise act of the 2d of Mjrch,
l?3ii, his objects in supjwtir;r it, and his present
sentmicnls in reloretice to tnu, y. no.e protective
;cr j intend to let turn tins day speak for
nimsell. iiaving iearneu a lew wccua ag" um
some persons in this State had ior party purposes
dared to ir.al;e an issue before the people ol
Pennsylvania as to the sincerity of his Ir cnd.
ship lor the protective sy t n , I ventuied to
break a resolution 1 had adopted not to annoy
him with letters at this cri-i-, when lie is over
burdened with correspondence, and to inlonn
him that he. had been charged, in Pennsylvania,
with having abandoned Ins own svslern. His
reply to me, in the letter winch I hold in my
hand, is in these words :
' Blui Licks, Au?iisi 22, 1811
' Mr Dear Sir: Your supposiuori is rifilit as o
the oppressive exient ol my corresKnoYnoe. ll is
utterly impossible to answer all ilia tellers which 1
receive. I am afraid that 1 cannot reply lo auny
llial deserve ll. Mr. Madison once remarked lo me
llint Mr Jellerson's corresp.Hidniis were killing him;
but they were furnished by a population of about leu
millions. Mine are supplied, by a popolanoii ol near
twenty millions. 1 can iect and conceive the possi
bility of u homicide couiiimitd in tlia mode which
Mr. Mad son sujigesied
" I request you 10 attribute to the above cause my
omission lo express to you, belore, too satisi.ictton I
derived from tlie perusal ol your adirnraiiie spcecn
on the compromise law. No man knew better the
motives and considerations winch prompted iis pus
sage lhati you did, and yon have ably and truly ex
posed ihem. We were upon terms ol the most con
fidential intimaey and friendship. You daily, in the
Senate, sal near me. Yon knew of my consultations
with the practical manufacturers, and iheir coinci
dence with us. 1 lieheve it was upon your invitation
lhat the lamented Dnponl came from Delaware and
conferred with us. Upon more occasions than one,
whilst gazing uon tlie care-worn countenances and
haggard looks of some of ihe delegation in Congress
from South Carolina, you said to me, 'Clay, these
are fine lellows It won't do to lei old Jackson hang
them. We must save ihem.' You lived in a mess
of some seven or eight Senators, and il was your
mess lhat insisted upou the ho tie valuation as a sine
qua nan. Mr. Calhoun opposed n. lour mess per-
. .n. . r i ..I .1 I. 1....
be. at the la.i moment, wilhdrew his OM-osmon. und I
thtf bill finally passed
' I have sj$ain and again asserted, on the floor of
Ihe Senate, that two principal objects were aimed 10
be accomplished One was to avert a civil war ; the
other was 10 preserve the policy of protection. It was
threatened by Mr. Verplunok'r bill with total subver
sion ; and I believed ihen. ',nd believe now, ihni if
lhe compromise had 1101 passed at ihe next session of
Congress all traces of that policy would have been
effaced from the statute book.
You and 1 both maintained that the measure nf
protection preserved by the Compromise would be
Stitncient untit about 1843. Bm we were taunted by
our opponents to know what would be in condition
when that period arrived. We replied there were
the. home valuation, cash dunes, a lone list of tree ar
tides. &c. Bui 1 said also, let us take care of our
selves now : the people of 1842 may be trusted to
take enre of themselves. Public opinion, in the mean
time, may become more enlightened, and tlie wisdom
of the protective policy may be demount rated. I have
not been disappointed. My predictions have been
fulfilled. The people of 1842, the Whigs, at lensi,
every where, and many of lhe Democrats, are now
fully persuaded that the industry of tins great country
ought nol to be prostrated at the leer of foreign Powers.
Every where lhe cry it lor a Taiiff for revenue, with
discriiniuaiions for protection. Every where tlie pre
servation Of the Tariff of 1842, which has worked so
well, and is delivering us from embarrassments, is
loudly demanded.
" Tlie circumstances which led to or attended lhe
enactment of the compromise may be curious and in .
teresting as mailers of history ; but, in respect to the
policy of protection, the great, practical, absorbing
question is, shall the Tariff of 1842 be preserved or
repealed.' Ttntt question is to lie solved in Novem
ber next, I have repeatedly expressed my opinion
unequivocally in favor of it.
" I thoogh'1 we achieved a great triumph in placing
lhe protective policy, by tbe compromise act, without
the reach and beyond the term of Gen. Jackson's ad
ministration. And w availed ourselves of the fact
that the Soijth Carolina delegation were much more
ansious that the difficulty should be settled by us than
by Gen. Jackson.'
" You tell me that I am accused of having aban
doned the protective policy. Thai would distress me
eiceHinglr, if I were not accused of sll sons of
crimes arid misdemeanors. I believe 1 have been
charged with eveiy crime enumerated in lhe Deca
logue. I laugh at the straits to which nty opKnents
are driwsn. They are io be pitied. Shrinking from
all tbe issues arising out of the great nuestions'ot na
tional policy which have hitherto divided lhe country,
thev have no other refuge left but in personal abuse,
detractionami defamation. 1 nave uvea oown in
'. " V
deuce, I hope to survive those which tbey are now di-
"tineas ircmic, w,. ... .
rclin inM nw. Moat certainly my surprise at the
,tlempt 10 mat ins out a frieinl of free trad with
ibrrign eourmies, ael sn opponent of the protectiv
policy, oojht not to b grimier than tliat of ny com-
pathof at fbe effort to ewatiUU liia filsndifclp for lbs
protective polieyw ' ' .f.
" I remain, always, truly and faithfully. Tour friend,
, i. H.CLAY.
J. M. CuTTst." v
Now, I leave all men, and especially those who
attempted to disprove thai position iq support of
which I labored in Wilmington on the 15th June
t . . i a t . r'l LIw-s L... sL :
last, mat n,y . J" "7 "-P'' j braach of Hr. c faa)el American 8yglem-a
was to sac the protective pr.ncip and I as much , embracing its primary and leading ob
of the protective policy as ha could, to their own 1 "... . .... ' i i.o . T.
reflections, after they sha.l have perused (his letter.
I think that some among the latter were mistaken,
and would not do either Mr. Clay or my humble
self intentional injustice. Bat there were others
among them, for w hose characters, as the lackeys
and dirt-ear'iers of party, I have felt, and moan to
avow, no other sentiment than that which is due
to their unapproachable infamy. I do not think
it possible for any honest mau, or any man who
belief that Henry Clay, Is, or ever was, at any
period of his public life, aught but the true, the
nincere. the ever-consistent friend of the protec
tive policy. (Great cheering.)
1 now come to the consideration of Ihe pretence
oitneaavocaiesoijamesrv.roiKiiii-ennsvivan.a,
that he is, or ever was, a friend to the protective
policy. I served, I believe, seven years in Con-
gress with him, though we were in different
Houses I know that while there he was the
steady enemy of protectien to home labor ; while
there, I necer heard him represented by any man as
other than hostile to the Me American system I
at Springfield which declare Mr, Polk's opinions
as I have stated ihem, and adda thai " it is an in
sult loany man of common segse to tell him that Mr.
Polk is a Iriend lo-the protective polioy." J hold
a document
, , . . ,
in my hand containing the avowed
ol Mr. Polk, as extracted from his
sentiments
speeches, addressee, and letters, and also the opin
ions of leading men and papers of the party which
supports him, showing what hisopiiiionsand those
his patty arc in regard lo the protective policy
and 1I10 present tariff -Those extracts conclusive
ly demonstrate that. James K. Polk, ol Tennessee,
is amongst the most bitter and unrelenting ene
mies of protection.
I hold another document in my hand, printed at
the Appeal office, Memphis, during the last gu
bernatorial contest between James K. Polk and
invernor Jones a phamplet cqntainmg Governor
Polk's opinions 011 the subject of the tariff, the
i public lands, &.C. written and published by jov
! erniir Polk himself in 1843, and written and pub
lished 111 pursuance ol an agreement between
himself and Governor Jones, entered into during
the canvass. This pamphlet, printed at Mr. Polk's
instance, and by his own party organ, contains
a!g.i two articles sgainst. the protective policy, the
one purporting to he extracted from the Ohio
Statesman, prit it led "Our Trade with Great Uri
tain," niitl hie other from Kendall's Expositor, en
tilled " A Home Market."
It also contains letters of Gov. Polk, two of
w hich are dated so lale as May 10, low, ozauotlier
is dated so la'e as May 17ll), 1843. Each f these
letters contains his opinions against the tariff and
ihe protective policy as strongly expressed, in
my humble judgment, as he could phrase them,
lie publishes these opinions for the purpose ol
running into office on the strength of them. The
lart ol these letters contains these memorable
words: "All who have observed. my cours-e
know tbat-I have. at I times been oipptts&l to the
irolective ;ory." And also these: "I am in
lavor of a tariff for recemte and opposed to a tariff
Cor prutection," II there be a single Pennsylvania
Democrat presort whn is really 'an honest and
sincere friend of the tar.ff if there be a man
proseftt of any party who has ever been led to
believe that Mr. .Polk is aught but a bitter ene
my to protection ; aurlit but an advocate of the
highest nf the high-toned anti-protective doctrines
of the day, let him now come forward and inspect
il.i-t document. I have hrougl 1 1! hither express
ly for the benefit of all Mich gentlemen, and
when they have drunk deeply of tin's draught
which I (rcely offer them, if that does not cure
themofilie Polk fever now raging in Penn-ylvauia,
why all I can say of them is that, like some of
Fal'stafT men in buckram, they are "past pray
in for."
In despite of all this proof, the letter of Mr.
Polk to Mr. Kane has been unhlushingly paraded
as an evidence of his friendship for protection
That letter, written for a Pennsylvania market,
does condescend in one passage "to palter with
us in a double sense." It prates in a single line
about 'a revenue tariff with incidental protec
tion." But, in eodemjUtihhe provesthat by tn
cidenlnl protection he nreant accidental protection,
by referring to his former opinions, which I have
already laid before you. The deception intended
by the' letter has been so completely exposed by
0 hers lhat it is unnecetsary for me 10 notice it
further than by saying, as 1 now do, that James K.
Polk will not, dsre not, pending the Presiden
tial contest, publish a line which can reach his
Souihetn friends before the election, avowing
11 icnu:
friendship for the protective policy, or contradic
,1,?se- OpmioTtrf; agaiftsl OUTtinme labor, to
..which I Uvc relerredyou. It is hardly to bo duubt-
eu mat, siiouid ne assume any otner aiitturie in ine
South 1 han that of hostility to the tariifnf 142,
Henry Clay would defeat him in every State south
of Mason and Dixon's line.
My fellow-citizens, we can see w hit Mr. Polk
meant and still means by a " tariff for revenue
with incidental protection," if we carefully study
the details of that bill commonly Mr. Verpiank's
bill, which Mr. Polk, a member of the Commiitee
of Ways and Means of the House of Represen
tatives of the United Stales, concurred in report
ing to that House on lhe2Hth of Decembor, 1S32.
You will find the report of this committee in the
volume of reports -of the committees for that ses
sion, printed as document No. 14. I now hold it
in my hand for this inspection of all those who
may desire to see that bill which struck at the
root of the whole protective system, and yet car
ried ont Mr. Polk's notion of a tariff for revenue
with incidental protection."' Undoubtedly, it
would bo said of this, as it could be of " a horizon
tal" tariff of 20 per cent., or any other tariff lay
ing duties mi articles produced or manufactured
in this country, that it did furnish some incidental
protection. And yet, how hollow hearted and in
sincere would all hold him to be. who, while pro
fessing to be a friend of home labor, should advo
cate this hill as a protective measure. This was
the bil', 'ho fatal p-ogress of which was arrtsted
by ihe compromise act of Mr. Clay. The repor
ter may publish the rates of duty on goods as they
were designed by this bill to be after the 2d of
March, 1535, to enable those who have no access
tci this document to learn how a tariff for revenue
with incidental protection can be framed by Mr.
Polk, which would utterly destroy the business of
every manufacturer and mechanic in the country.
That man who ha deliberately proposed a duty
of only 15 per cent, ad valorem on toooi, and y et
on another occasion advocated a duty of 20 per
cent, on ten and coffee, has given yon a practical
exposition nf what he meant by his IcUer-of May
27th, 194-1.,when he said, " I m in favor of a
tariff for revenue and opposed to tariff for protec
tion." Air. Polk in hie teller to Mr. Kane pro.
fesses to be a friend of equal protection to agricul
ture, commerce, and manufactures. Let the fann
er read the list of duiree. ttt which I have adverted
in this bill reported by Mr. Vernlsnck'and Mr.
Polk ; let him see there a duty of 15 per cent. on
nearly everv article which (be agriculturist of the
Middle States produces on vihtat flour, wheat,
oats potatoeSyjbi c, and hemp, bacon, beef and pork,
lard and butler, and he will then understand pre
cisely what Mr, Polk Bicant by protection aj
ricultur. '
In p.nnnAiinn with this subject bf Mr. Polk'l
hostility to the protective tariff, let mehxieajad-.
vert also to his unceasing opposition to the policy
of withdrawing the proceeds of the public lands
from the Federal Government and distributing
them to the States. In his address to the people
of Tennessee, of March 25; h, 1841, he says :
"The proposed distribution is, tn truth, but a
iect a hijrh protective tariff." Again he saVs
"Mr. Chy is Ihe author of the measure, as he
was of the American system. The limits of this
address will not allow me to enter upon an ex
tended argument of the question. A few of the
principal points of objection are all lhat can be
here stated. If the receipts from the sales of the
i public lands, amounting to several millions annu
, . .. s,at(0 it ,,,,. ,,,. ' i
ally, shall be abstracted from the treasury and
mount be raised by an increase of the tariff, or bv
a tax in some other form, to supply the deficicn
ry; and, if r ased by an increase of the tariff, it
requires no argument to prove that Ihe tax will
be paid in unequal proportions by tha people of
the different section of the Union the Southern
and hntlfi tiMeB beari()g mllch ,h0 ercater
, f )e b'urden Agllill . - j allo,her view,
ie sej distribution is a tariff vmsube.
Jf jt provajt Massachusetts, Vermont, and other
, conUinin wjthill loei,. borders no portion
of th(? .jc wi, i,nledi;lley inVe8Sd
v ilh a')(K.al peCUIllary interest in them. The
Ia,H,3 wj jn effe(.f be moHgaj to lhe
several States in proportion HHhe representatitm
in Congress, and they will have an interest in H iv
ing them sold at the highest possible rates. The
manufacturing Slates would have a peculiar in-
icicpi 111 111c 1UU111.11U11 wi me p, it, v, tin".
f ,ion l0 8elt,erg aV a W rale; bPCHllse
... ! ,l t,u u-a. .,,d ,v,tt,hl.l
grants of pre-emption would be to check immi
gration, retain the laboring population at home,
and then reduce (he wages of labor, and increase
the profits of the capitalists engaged in manufac
tures. The manufacturing interests would be
advanced by another reason. They would re
serve their federal proportion of the distribution,
and would not contribu:e in the same ratio in the
payment of the tax to supply the deficiency.
They would, in addition to this, receive the boun:
ties to their manufactures which an increased
tariff would afford, whilst these bounties would
be phid by the South ; 111 every view of the meas
ure il is an auxiliary lo the prolectice policy!" I
concur, my fcllow-c.tizuns, in the opinion expres.
sed by Mr. Polk that the proposed distribution of
the land is "an auxiliary tolhe protective policy."
For thai reason he opposed it, and for that reason
1 support it. He, as an enemy to the tariff, sees,
wh it I behold as a friend, that within the last
twenty years these land sales have sometimes
fallen short of $1,500,(100 per annum, and that
one year they exceeded $-25,000,000. With
those fluctuations in the Treasury it is im
possible to maintain a tariff of revenue with such
incidental protection as can be of any permanent
benefit to home labor Let us collect the reve
nue necessary for the support of Government ex
clusively from import dunes, agreeably to the
f spirit and the letter of the third section of the
Compromise act of 2J March, 1833. Let us dis
tribute our land fund annually among the States;
and if Pennsylvania dors nol her want her share
of this land fund lo aid her in ihe payment of her
defit, let her so expend it as tbTucrease Ihe 11 um
ber of her intelligent citizens who can appreciate
the blessings of our American system by extend
ing the. means of education to every child within
her limits.
I have now done with Mr. Pulk I d siniss hiin
with this single observation that his past, politi
cal life was so devoid of interest and distinction
that 1 never supposed, before his nominination,
lhat he could bv possibility have been presented
seriously as a candidate for the Chi. f Al igistracy
ol our country. It is neither jny desirJ nor in e 1- and that ihe said Public Dinner be given on the
lion to imitam a bad example, by speaking ill of 04th and 25ih of October next, oil the Uecklen
his private character ; and, throwing out of view burir BMe of ,)e Cat;uvb,., rivcri at CuWa'B Ford,
m ponuca. conuuer. in sucn matters as , nave re-
ICIICl. IU, dOU III a lew uilltriO", iiil.ii , .
spoken, his epitaph, had he died when he went
out of Congress, might have been written in the
single line ot the Roman satirist:
" A'ec male vixit, qui natus moriensque fefellit .'"
The office of the President of the United States
if the Great Republic, as men have already
learned to call it, and upon which tha nations be
gin to gaze with interest, watching its tnighly
progress and anticipating its wondcrous destinies
is too high and noble to be filled by any one w ho
Ins not by his talents and pdbltc virtures raised
himself above the common level of mankind. In
Henbt Clat, of Kentucky, we behold a man who,
by his eloquent", would have cast additional lus
tre on the character of ihe Parliament of England
for exalted talent, in the best days of her llurkcs
and her Sheridans, and even in those of her Chat
ham hhnseif. It will derogate nothing from the
character of any American statesman whose his
tory I have studied, to say that, after mora than
thirty -years-of pubiio-eervice, M-rvClay has found
reason to change his opinion less frequently than
any other, and has excelled all who hve honor
ed the councils of ou r country by the ext raordina
ry uniformity and consistency of his public con
duct. He has twite saved the Union of these
Stales, when all men admitted that it was in itn
minet .peril. While I knew him in the Senate of
the United States, he was acknowledged by men
of all parties to be the peace-maker id lhat body;
and as such he was personally beloved by men of
gll parties in the Senate, with scarcely a solitary
exception. His character for chivalro us a ud.ma tj
ly sentiment gained for him an influence which
was always used to allay, bnt never to excite, un
kind feelings amongst others. - 1 have studied
him closely, and I must say that I never met with
that man whose moral courage exceeded his.
The maxim which was eternally on his lips in the
worst of times was, never to despair of the Re
public. All the tendencies of his nature seemed
10 be conservative in their character. His un
ceasing efforts seemed to be directed to stregthen
the works of the fathers of tlie Repuiic, or to re
build such of their noblest institutions as hail fallen
beneath Ihe destructive . hands of others. His
ambition never led him to tear down or demolish
the institutions of his country. He was- a man of
untiring industry 111 the discharge of his public
duties; and he could perforin more intellectual
labor within the same period of time than any man
I ever anew. As he loved to make others happy,
while in his society, his efforts to please them
were the more successful, because they evidently
sprung from lhe native goodness of his heart. His
bitterest enemy never dared 10 impeach hi integrity
in pecuniary matter ; and although he ha encoun
tered, at different period of hia life, all lhe vicissitudes
and temptations, both of pjverly and affluence, ihee
ess no business transaction -of that life whichever
left a slain upon his fame. Always obedient to Ihe
dietale f public duty, he fearlesly bade consequen
ces take care of themselves, whenever the interest sr
honor of his country required personal sacrifice of
himself It wax upon such occasions lhal bis charac
ter displayed1 itself with the most brilliant luslre.
Then it was tbat his patriotism burned, with sn in
tensity unsurpassed, by that of the ancient Roman
who devoted himelf to the infernal Gods to insure
victory 10 tbe Republic Then it was that, teckles
alike f lhe abaft of personal and parly malice, be
bared hi own bosom lo tbe atorm, and dared every
thing for his count y. Then it was that the arrow of
calumny new ihirkost sround him, and lhal noble
bueom wu-gored wnh many a wound, inflicted by tbe
felon blow of his awailants.
During lhe war tviih Great Britain he stood it the
head jof the great Democratic part of this roontrv
, a party Ihe proudest boast of which was, that it fostered
lbs industry of lhe people, avenged the wrong and
iiusutts they bavejgfferedfr.flm their fcs. . In that
day, the post of bnar "Hnd ' Mr. Ciav, as tbe
bewpf his parly, wis ihe post of danger. The
leaders of the opposition were smone the mast sbls
snd talented men our country ever produced ; and the
champion rhosen by his patty In contend with the
King, the Quiocys, lhe Hansons, and Ihe Randolph
of that day wa Hmai Clt of Kentucky. While
a real snd honest difference of opinion divided the
Democratic snd federalist pafiies, Mr Cut was
the Ajai Teiamoo of the former; but when thai dif
ference ceased lo exist, no man exhibited greater
magnanimity 10 lhe very political opponents who
owed their defeat so much to his own stupendous ea
erlions. When Federalism wss no longer danger
ous rival of that Democracy which he bad led to vic
tory, he disdained to imitate ihe examples of ihose of
our modern Democrats whose greatest glory is in the
denunciation snd proscription of a fallen foe. Thefe
modern Demociats look no part in the political con
flicts of the day, when ihe struggle with the niighiy
power of England I lied men's souls While Hkmii
Cut whs arousing ihe spirit of bis countrymen lo
battle, with thai voice which sounded like lhe notes
of a war-lrumpet, and directing tbe witdotn of tbe na
tional councils in thai bloody struggle, nine-tenth of
your modern Demoeraty, which now denounces him
an a Federalist and a British VVhig, were riding iheir
cornstalk horses in lhe iiuroeries, or pullinu in the
arms of their mn'hcra. Of such as these are the men
whose delight it is to gnaw lhe dry bones of Federal
ism, and make war upon the helpless skeleton. Bui
not of such as these was IIknhi Ci.at. whose hon
like spirit, after it bad hunted down a noble quarry,
disdained to least wUh.lhe jsykajs ofllie pa.riy upon
the fostering c err ass. t-'uch was lhe champion of lhe
ancient Democracy, and su"h is now the champion of
lhe Whigs. This is ihe man who would confer
honor upon the office to which we seek lo elevoip him.
But his election to lhat office conlJ not sdil a brighter
jewel 10 the many with which fame has already encir
cled hi' brow, and which will retain their ur dylns
lurre while the name of an American shall lie reaper-ted-or
letn-m' e ed a nong the sons of men. -fJmmeme
cheering.
Indulge me but n moment longer, and I have done
Should the struggle for nation il in h pendence which
is now raiting throughout lhe length, und breadth of
the land, be decided against us by t lie vo e of Penn
sylvania, she will cmo nut of lhal contet with gor
geous banner trailing in lhe Juut- herself .bleeding at
every pore. The shoots of pnrly triumph will be
Kierdilv succeeded by the wail of her ruined plough-,
men and her beggared mechanics. The lire of hrr
forges ntld lhe sound uf the axe and the hammer 11:
her woikshops will die away amidst the acclamations
of her fatal victory ; and llu re may he llinu-arids be
fore me, who. with sorrow-stricken, if nut with broken
heart", may lie lo mourn Ihe loss of that indepen
dence withoul which public liberty would cease to be
a blessing But. let me add, thnuld the spirit ol in
dependence' he discarded fiom the bre.ist nf all lhe A
mericans, it will still linger in the heart of lhat gallent
little Slate, which, as she was lhe drrt lo adopt the
American Cnnslitulion, will he (he last to abandon its
true principles. And if that spirit " shall be firiully
doomed to expire, there even theref1m.dst my ruiive
oaks and pines, it will breathe its last sigh on the bo
som of its last friend.
Mr CLATrii.v sat down amiu tremendous cheer
ing, which continued for aeverul minutes, and closed
with a mighty three times three .'
WHIG MEETING.
A large and respectable meeling of lhe Whigs
of the adjoining counties assembled at Cowan's
Ford on the Catawba rrver, on the 31st of August,
and was organized by calling John D. Graham,
Esq. to the chair, and the appoint nent of Dr. S.
X Johnston and Hugh McNight as Secretaries.
The object of the meeting was explained by
Win. Johnston, Esq.
A resolution was 1 hen entered into, that a Pub
lic Dint.er or Barbecue be given by the Whigs of
the vicinity, for the purpose of encouraging good
I fellowship and the promotion of the Whig Cause,
, on q( ,he atte Gruun(J upon whch Ue
Davidson fell in defence of his country during
the revolutionary struggle.
The following resolutions were then entered
into unanimously, viz:
1st. Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Com
miitee of Arrangements. Upon wlmji tlie lollowiug
persons were nominated and tippouited, viz : A li.
Daviil3on, Jas. Naniz. Ksq , David A. Caldwell, Esq
Tlios Kernes, Esq , Vol fi W. Alexander, Maj. C.
13. MuGinnis, Thus. 1. Grier, Esq., J. H.Orr, Esq.,
Andrew Springs, Esq , H Cuihey, Eq , Robert Da
vidson, sen., Jas G-Torrciice, Esq., Marshall
McCoy, Col. E A. Brevard, J. V. Moore, Esq.,
Green D Abeinaiby, Esq , Dr. Win. McLean, Dr.
H. X. Johnston, John Juhnsmn, Geo. Little, Rob. M
Alexander, Esq John Davis, .1. M Forney, Dr.
Win. Johnston, J. T. Alenander, Alexander McCor
kle, Win. Liule, sen., Eltstm Shernll, A. M. Burton,
Win lvuox Moses While, Alexander Torrence. jtin ,
Andrew Caldwell, Robert I. McDowell, Chas. W.
Harnss. W in. S. Harris, Thos. H . Robinson, Maj.
John Gibson, Jas. Jamison, Dr. Samuel Kerr, Col.
F.McC.orlde...Robu.VV..AII0Ji.,... .
On motion of Col. B. W. Alexander, the Chair,
man's name was added-to the list, .,.
2d. Resolved, Thai the following persons constitute
a Committee of Invitation, via: Mhj. R. Ried, Win.
Johnston, Edward C. Davidson, Geo K- Davidson,
Dr. W. B. McLean, Dr. S. X. Johnston, Andrew
Springs, Esq., James W. Osborne, Dr. Wm. J.
Hayes, Tlios. Kernes, E?q., Col. C. C Graham,
Col. D. M. Barring, Dr Kiah P. Harris, J. P.
Caldwell, II. W. Guion, Col. T. Allison.
3d Resohed, That Andrew Springs, Esq., be ap
pointed Chief Marshall of tlie Day, and that Mnj J H
Caldwcli Mai Ri.Reidj.Giin Win C Means, Col CC.
Graham, Maj John AlcConnuughey and Maj Mat
tli.-w S McCorkle be assis'aut Marshall of the day
4th ..Resolved, That .Maj RufU Reid, Andrew
Springs, and David A. Caldwell, he STppointed to pto
cuie a Band of Music for tbe oceusion.
61I1 Res vital. That all parties, both Whig snd
Democratic, be inviied 10 attend our Public Dinner
and partake of its refreshments.
Bill Resolved, That the Committee of Invitation
lie requested especially 10 itiviie all Soldiers'of lhe
Revolution and the Ladies without distinction of par
ty. 7ib Resohed, That the Committee of Invitation
be also requested particularly 10 invitn the attendance
and aslt the services on the occasion of the Rev. R.
H. Morrison and the Rev H. B. Cunningham.
81 h Resolved, That the Commiuee of Arrange
menu meet 011 business on the ground on the 1st of
October
9ih Resolved, That tbe Committee of. Invitation
meet at Beetle's Ford, on the 10th day of September.
Lastly. Resolved, That the proceedings of (hi
meeting be published in the Charlotte Journal arid
Carolina Watchman, and lhat the other Whig papers
of our Stale be requested to copy.
JOHN D. GRAHAM, Chairman.
FIELD fc TAPPEN,
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
82 Water iSlrttt, New Fork,
Would respectfully inform Ihe Merchants of Raleigh
snd Fayctteville, and the surrounding country, lhat
1 hey are prepared lo sell (irOCtrit low, for
Cask or approved credit, a they can be bought in any
Chy In the Union, and to receive all kinds uf PRO
DUCE "on Consignment. Coantry Merchants etn
retv upon irtitar mod articles, and quod getting the
best market price for Produce. We, hope, by strict
attention to businessnd honorable dsaling, to merit a
ahare of pablic patronage.
Reference for perticulsr, to
- Wssroit R. Galks. Esq , Raleigh.
New York, April !6, 18 l . 86 6m
State IWorth Carolina. j-X., Co;
.-Court ef rteaa and Quarter BeasW
August Term, 18U.. X "T!
Pilgrim F, William, jl -
Matthew Stalling,- wife and ether. .
TtlUion tit build a Mill. ? f
H appearing I tbe saudaetioo of the Court that
Elizabeth Baine. Joha Ferrell and Pricillli.r
M ark Bir.ck.and end Cell bis wife, are ntm-rewdetda
ol this uu.. ft U therefor otdered that f nblicMum
b mode in ihe R.leigb Kegiwe, ,r x-Weeks, boS
ying them to appear at our next Court of Pleas tad
Quarter Be,io., I0 b. held for the County of Rath
si the Court House in Nashville, en the 2d Afoorf,,
in November next, then and there to shew eu. (f
any they have wby the prayer of the Petitioner shall
not be gran led. . . 1
Witne... Kr.nei. M. Taylor, Clerk of said Cm
at office this Sd Monday in August, A, D. 1844
FKAJCCI3 M. TAYLOR, C. C, C '
By WM. H.HMITHJDqrf.
Slate of orlliCarollna.-Bl;a1c0B
tt Court of Equity Spring Term, 1844
Horace L. Robards, Devisee, ic. '
e,
Nathaniel Robards, John Lewi and wife Fanny aRj
Lucy Hodce. Elizabeth Hodge, James Hodge aad
Wm. H. Hoilgc, Minor heirs of Willim Hcnrv
Hodge, dee'd.
The affidavit of Ihe Complainant havinjr been do.
ly filed, according to (he statute in suih car made
and providi d, that the said Defendants (who ,e ten
ants in common with him in the possession of cer
tain Mining lands, lying and being in said Cnuniy)
are resrdpm without the boon as ol this State; n Kj,
instance, il is direi led that publication be enteral far
six werks in Ihe 1,'aleijib Ri gMer, notifying the said
Defendants, that tln-y appear before the Honorable
Court of Equity, to be held for the County aforsssid
I ittn foii: r M..mj In M.iroantnn. nn th 3.1 lu.
day after the 4 1 h Monday in September next, tiP)
an. I lharj, I . I ..... 1 n.ii-iii r nr ,IoM,i,r In I I -
Bill, or the same will be taken proeonfesso and h,,i
exp.T-te as to them.
Witness, kdwaid r. Jones, Ulerk and Master of
said Court, at uffice, lhe 27th duv of July, 1844
ED. P. JQ.NEB.C,"& M.E.
Aug. 30 7(1 (jw
Look Here.
. TA -CABLE CITY PROPERTY FCR SALE,
And a rare clinnce fur a Itarguin!
TE will ai II, without rcse've, on Mur.dav. lhe
30th day of September next, (being the Mon
day of Wake Superior Court ) that well known Ej-
tablifhm.-nt,
THE CITY HOTEL,
Occupied now ami for several years pad by Di.i.u
Mi ttitAT ; together with lhe Stable Lot, and a two
.Story Huuse. containing eight looms, S'ljoinrng
Litchfohii's Hotel.
Tlie Furniture In longing to the Establishment,
wi.l nlso le disposed of at .the same time.
To those who do not know the situation of this
Property, it is only necessary 10 state briefly, th.t jj
has been kept as a Hotel for upwards nf forty years,
is on the Main Street, adjoining the Court yard, anil
within 50 yaidir of the I 'oat Office and City Hall.
The Legislature, it will he recollected, sits here
this Winter, and the purcha-er will thus have sit oi
portunily uf realizing, at once, a good prufii on Ins
inveaiment, as immediate possession will lie , ipb.
I hums or Saif. INcgotiaMe INot i, i either of
Ihe Banks of this C'y. for the amount .,r pun-fuse
money. " iA Vltf tJAIt I ER, -
T. H. tSELBV,
JOHN BI.'l ."'ALOW,
JOHiN O'lioltKE.
fiuleigh. Aus; 10, IS-14.
N. C. LITE it A RY, SCIENTIFIC A.ND
military Academy.
A N ACADEMY of lhe alove denominaiion is
now open, and under Ihe tuition uf the follow
ing gentlemen:
The Classics, (full Collegiate course,) Mr. F.
G R Y.
Military Tactics and Mathematics, comprising
Ariihm.ic, Algebra, Geomelty, Losartthm, Mm
suration, Trig-.tiometry, (plain and fpherical.) Sur
veying, Civil Engineering, and Annlyiiial Geomt
Uy.Mr. O. A. BUCK, (lale Principal nf (he fort.
mouth Military Academy.)
Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, 'with full
apparatus,) Mr. 8. N. BOTsFORD.
, Terms for Session or five months :
Classical Derailment, rO CO
,-EngUsh . ... da. ... ... . 15 00
The Cadets a certain portion of each day genertllj
occupied jn idle and useless amusemenis will I
drilled in all those Milrary exerciaes cemmen m'Ss
ilar Institutions throughout the United Sl;ite, fw
which there will lie no extra charge.
..Parents who are willing to establish a School of Hi
character, o well calculated, to improve tjio lodr as
well as the mind ol their children, will he good ennus"
lo leave their namea with Mr. Gray, or at lhe OfSo
of ihe R'-giatcr, where further particulars may bebat
8epleriiber 1?.
WATCHES, WATCHES, L JEWEIRT-
The largest ajidm"1'!''' n'
did assortment ol
ltha City, is to i ior
at tbe Suliscnliers. a-
constantly receiMng
scriptious ol
r.nirt nsi.l silver iVait'li"
rr.t. . t. ,k nnfncluter in
. f u: I I K .a nsh fd 10 ottO
lanu, r x a rice auu ownwniuu, y,4v&,
larger assortment nd at much less prices, ft
lhan any other Houe in America. .o'd M'i
i ... o.. . ot 1V..H ... o,i, alllle'"1,-
etry eicnangej or nougni. . .
All WaUhM warranted to keep ood
it.. t.,.nuj Wai.lip ami .if"-"-
j . .u-i . i ..- .n,t rarratlteil, J
repairea in tue uri uianov, . jtaf
. Y. i. i ih.n at snv oirm
Dest woracnen, aim uiwu - uh
pl.ee." Gold snd Silver Pencil., Gold
snd Ladie.' Bracele... Pin, and bwrhnl
Spoon. Silver Cup, Fork, Ac , for sie
- G. C. ALLEN,
Importer uf Waw.-b.es snd iene
V . ... .1 WtTllt.
nsouiiii ,
. oa II7.II u. .V . Vrlr ruOSU"
io. air, vt .ii'ok i. o w v. , -, .
New York, July 2:5. 1H44. 6
YalMable I'roperly lor sale.-
THE Sulwcriber wishes to sell ihe House
on which be now resides, adjoining the
merit House, snd the residence of Chas.
The House is Iwo stories high, 40 feet long
ft
four room with 6 re-places, a psage
fortico in front, and a liia ihic, w "; r ar
... U...1 f welt .
uuairti, aim surrounueu oy an ; .
ted fruit. There sr all the nee"? ? '
e
ne
el
lached, the Smoke-Hoo-e and Kitchen o.
miM capital Spring i on th prean.
leps of the D welling. t.insTrt,l1
The tract, on which it is sun,
Acrei, erihereaboats. peW
0,
to
Terms acroamodaUnf. one sno " ; , 0y,
bond bearing interest. WH" DU"
August SO, 1844.