: fiJLl'ELiL'ill1 - .-
A TliftlLUNO DEBATE-
Pitt, Fox, anb Buske By Doctob Wakrsn.
Jom MiiT.ton or the Memttirf of Statesman.
I had been familiar with tho debater nrf the
French Convention, and had witnessed the genius
of French eloquence in ita highest exertions:
Nothing wittcure this people of fheir aversion 10
lere., VVRIr lhoin, all that ie natural is poor-
imjiltcity it rtwanness. The truth of things
wants the picturesque, and thus wants every
charm. Wi listened ,to some of their public
peakeri with etrong interest, whim thoy were
confined to detail. No man teiis a story better
Than ft French eotifeur. There lie fle natural
talent of the people. . Nothjngeaa.be happier than
' "their seizure of alight circumstances, passing
Cidoura oOveots, and those transient thoujrbti
which male a story aa pretty a. a piece of ladies
euibjoldery-Mehcate, toil, a tasteful display f
trivial difficulties gracefully surmounted. But
riven iff therr higher order of speakere, I could
""erotiiv 4 constant disestiafaetion with them
selves, unless they happened to produce aome of
those startling conceptions which rpused their
awjitory to a start a clapping of handi. I had
een Mitabeau, with all his conscious tajent, look
found in despair for applause, aa a sailor thrown
overboard might look for ft buoy ; I had seen him
aa orach exhausted, and even overwhelmed by
the want of applause, aa if ho had dropped into an
exhausted receiver. If some lucky epigram did
not come to hi rescue, he was undohe.
-I Was now X fcf tne apejptalor of a different
ecene. fiere-waa passiou and iese utucu,t,..th.e.
keenness of rivalry and the ardour of triumph
but there was no affectation. Men spoke as men
tpeak when tbeir essdetial interests arc engaged
-plainly, boldly, anddirectly vigorously always,
sometimes vehemently ; but with that strong sin
eenty which administers eloquence to even the
tntjat untaught orders of rruiikiiid, and without
which the most decorated eloquence is only tha
wooden sword and mask of Harlequin.
Pitt took the lead in all sente of the phrase.
He was magnificent. His exposition of the state
of Europe, perfectly unadorned, had yet an effect
upon the House not unlikehatof opening a vol
.umeto a multitude who had just learned to read.
All was novefty, conviction, and amaietnent.-i-His
appeal to the principles by which,. great
people should ahape its' conduct, had all the fresh
ness and the strength of feelings drawn at the mo
ment from the depth;()f howobl;iinelfss bosom;
and his hopes of the victory of England ever the
temptations to publicoverthrow, exhibited all the
fife, and almost all the sacred assurance of pro
plieey. , ' j ' . " ''
He describe J the fytem,of Franca aa "eubver
Vlpa n priqcjpJeSj" its purpose universal tumult,
its instrument remorseless bloodshed, and its sue
sess a general reduction of society to the wild fury
nd the squalid necessity of the savage slate
' This," he exclaimed, turning lira full front to
tfie House, raising his hand; and throwing up his
eyes to heaven with the solemnity of an adjuration
'This we must resist, in the name of the Om
nipotent Disposer who has given us hearts to ftel
the blessings of society, or we must acknowledge
ourselves unworthy to hold a name among na'ions.
Tliis we must resist live or die. Thin system
we must meet bayetem subtlety by e incerity
intrjgue by resolution treachery by good faith
menace by courage. We must remember that
we have been made trustees of the honour of the
past, and of the hopes of the future. A great
country like ours has no alternative but to join
the enemy of all order, or to protect all order to
league against all government, or tcfkland forth
Its champion. This " the moment for our de
cision. Empires are, not afforded time for delay.
All great questions are simple. Shrink, and you
are undone, and Europe is undone along with
you ; be firm and you. will have saved the world!"
The feelings with which this lofty language
was beard were intense. The House listened in
a state of solemn emotion, hour after hour, deep
ly silent, but when some chord was so powerful
ly touched that it gave a universal thrill. But
those i nvoluntary bursts of admiration were
as suddenly hushed by the anxiety of the House
to listen, and the aa ful sense of the subject. It
was not until the groat minister sat down, that
the true feeling was truly exhibited; the applause
waa then unbounded a succession of thunder
peals.
I had now leisure to glance at the opposition.
Fox, for ft while, seemed good htiinouredly iii
inclined to give up the honor of the reply to some
of the popular speakers.aroond him, but the oc
casion was too important to be entrusted to inte
rior powers ; anil, o a general summons of Ins
natne, he at length rose. The world is too fiimi-8
liar With the name of this celebrated man to por
tnit more than ft sketch of hie style. But this
could be said only by those- who regard consum
mate ability as an accident.
Of all the public speakers whom I hive ever
heard, Fox appeared to me the most subtle uf
course not in the crafty and degrading sense of
the word; but in the art of approaching an unex
pected caserne was a master. He loitered, he
lingered, he alinost trifled by the way until the
observer begasyo believe that he either had no
object in view, or had forgotten it altogether. In
the next 'moment he rushed to the attack, and
carried all by storm. On this occasion he hat) a
difficult part to play; for the hourly violence of
.the French capital, had begun to (alienate the
principal aristocracy jf England, and hid raised
abhorrence among the influential body, the mid
dle class. The skill with which the orator glid
ed over this portion of His subject Was matchless,
no Camilla ever flew o'er the unbending corn"
with a lighter fool, He -otj fiat-.altogether
evade; -the topic. But he treated it as one might
treat the narrative if a distressing casualty, a
disease to be touched oa wjih the pity duo to
..human infirmity, or even with the respect due to
a dispensation from above. "Ho often paused,
seemed' to find a difficulty of breathing,, was at a
loss for words, of which, however, he never fail
ed to find the most pungent at last ; and assumed,
in a reniarkable degree,, the appearance of speak,
ing dnly from a strong compulsion, ft fooling of
reluctant duty, a sense of moral necessity urging
Mm to a, task, which burtheaed all hie feelings. 1
will acknowledge, tha when be had made bis
way through this difficult performance, I folhiwed
bim with unequivocal delight, and acknowledg
ed all the ora;or. He had hitherto been Milton's
lion, Rawing to get free hie hintk-r part.!; He
was now loose in all his 'symmetry and power,
and with the forest-ami ihs plain-Wore him
, " Why Jaa the monarchy of France fallen !" Uo
exclaimed, " because ; Me those on whom the
milediclion of Scripture had been pronounced, it
b& eyes -and yet would not see, ami ears, yet
would not Ilea An jmntpqae population' waa
sowing ap rotihd k year afiex year, ysl ft could
s nothing bat nobles, priests, and prinnes.. In
making taw at slid be, "you are beginning
a contest of which no man can 'calculate the
ntearw, no mart can ttaDe'tSe) ehjechViand notnain
can.(redict,the end. Yju are notwarrin against
the throne of France; but warrinif against every
peophrof iljo earth 'wpch'.d&9ires to advance its
awn prwrAirity.to uvigorafe1laewn ceaslitution,
and to place itself that condition of peace, pa
rity, nd freedom,- whifiji mo ihe tieeim
4 than the. command of ProwfeneeJ' f
- .. Tte lluuse bqrsfJnte lud rerobationsof the
name ofvistoct and "democrat, which he de:
elare4. t4be jnere iiivenlionaof party, prejudice;
i"Sh you require to make political hoetilitieslm, i
MrwAl Winn ll.n . , . , f
. .iui r uo jou wisu to break 1
down the natiohal strensrth, divide it in sections: L
, will, uui aerer;
' toll Ml I rl B.M .MA knn.l I . 1 I'
f To the charge of defepding'ithe French mob,
Hiia answer ws,'iu,the most prompt nod- dartrig
j.-Who aret the .French , mob!' The French
nation, Dare you "put eight and twenty millions
f mm, ii'itn vnnr hill of attainder 1 No indicU
j - ., ,. -.
ment ever drawn by wie jpantl or wan ta oroae e- mum ww nmouj fio,mc ,.i hie itunpie , i
nough for it. Impflaob a iEnitioni yott nnpeach the musf. aeelhjt the inoenle which ftfasea before its
Providence that made it. Impeach a nation, you altar is taken from the sacred reexsiitorjus of tho
are impeaching only yonr own rashnesand pre consirfutinn, not the emHggted imprtaUoter for
iumptioo. oa are impeaching even the utihap eigu fabrication of revolt that perfiicioii com
pv monarch Whom you profess to defend. Man pound of civil mischief and mad metphysic
r every where the creature of circumatanoe. which, instead, of eoasummtig-antl puH4twig the
Nations are what their governments make them, sacrifice onty poisons the air. I must, sea soma
Hut France is in a state of revolt. Be it so. J tliin.2 of the uriest, too, before I join ir bisaspira.
demand whai nation eyer revottefjegainet justice, tiot ; I mast tyb that he is lawfully mtlucted in
troth, and bonor 1 Voe ..wight, wejl ttll we, 'his office, that ho is not a rebel jn tho garb of loy
that they" rebelled against the light of heav- alty a blasphemer where lie professes lo ray,
euj that they rejected the fruits of the earth; and, a traitor where h propounds aligiaiiev"
that ,they refused to breathe the air. Men do not Fdx iters, evidently taking, the dVvr'l)tl0,r 10
tbuY war against tk'jr natural benefactors, they biinself, exhibited palpabureigiw of 4ipleure.
are not tipd enough to repel the very instincts of Burke caught the expression at once, and instant
preservation. I pronounce it, fearlessly, that no ly changed tho whole current of life conceptions,
natioo ever rose, or ever will-rise, against a sin ' "It," sard he, " the honorable geirluman ihi.nka
cere, national, andjf nevolent authority. No na- that 1 designate him as tho tili priest of this
lion was ever born blind. Infatuation is nofa law new worship, he does me as imivh injustice as
of human nature. The monarchy of France was himself. No, no ! When we tball seethe Its.
the criminal." publican Pantheon thrown pert; he, and ivicli as
Another burst;w!iich produced vast efToct on ' he, will not be called to officiate at the ul.tar. Je
the House, reXgrrral to the exciusiveiies of the is much more likely to be lliff vietim. The
chief pullic employments. j popular ornaments, now flung so lavishly upon
"The people have overthrown the titles and ; bim, will find, bim up further favor, than the
dignities of France. I admit it. But was it from ;
a natural haired of those distinctions? That I j
deny. They are congenial to the heart of .man. j
The national hatred Jay . iu...Uifi.sfinjie.id!.t
lerab'le injustice which turns, honor into shame, j
For centuries, those titles and dignities were to" j
the people 'not the badges of honor, birt brands i
of scorn. Thev were not ramparts sufrouiiding :
the state, but barriers ahuMing BUt tbe people
How would such inanlts to the common origin of !
man, (o the common powers of. the human mind,
to the common desin's of. distinction born with
every man, he enriurnij In this -country U it to
be wondered at, that-France should have abolish- I
cd iheni by acclainafiou ! I ron'em!, thAt this
waa a victory rained not for a p ipu-Iu.rc but for a j
people, for all' France, for twenty eight millions j
of men over a porhoii of society who had mark- ,
ed their rank, a body already sentenced by ilwtr
personal inefticiencv a caste, who, like a fain. ;
islied crarrisnn. had been starved by the sterility 1
of the snot in which thev had enclosed tlienisel- I
ves ; or like tin Indian devotees, had turned them- j
selves into cripples by their pretence of a sacred
superiority to the habits of tho rest of mankind."
Opposition still exhibited its ranks slightly di
minished, and the chief passages of this impass
ioned appeal, which continued for three hours,
Were received with all tha fervor of a party.
Burke then arose. Strong intercstwas directed
to bim, not iiieF8lytfar,hisominent name, but for
ihe public cilriosiiy to hear his explanation-of that
estrangement which had been lor some lime
spreading, under his auspices, through the lead
ing personages of the Opposition.' l.ika most of
men who had made themselves familiar with the
works of a great writer, I had formed a portrait
ure of him by anticipation, I never waa more
disappointed. Instead of the expressive counte
nance and commanding figure, 1 saw a form of
the middle size, and of a homely appearance, a
heavy physiognomy, and tho whole finished by
two appurtenances which would have been fatal
to the divinity of the Apollo Bulvidere, specta
cles and a wig. His voice and maniier were
scarcely less prepossessing; the one waa as ab
rupt and clamorous, as the other was rustic and
ungraceful. He had the general look of a' farm
or of tho better order ; and seemed, at best, made
to figure on a grand jury.
But I soon felt how trivial are externals in com.
parison of genuine ability, or perhaps, how much
even tbeir .repulsiveness may add.to the power
of genius. I had tistonedbut a few mlr.utes when
I forgot every thing, except a. man ol the highest
faculties was before me ; with tlio:.e faculties
wrought to the highest tension hy the highest
subjectn. Taking a line of argument, equally
lisiinct from tho leaders ofrtho Ministry and the
Opposition, he dwelt as'ttle on t fi political
views of England and Europe with l'itt, as he did
upon the revolutionary, regeneration of France
and Europe with Fox His vieivs were wholly
English; the reference of the revolutionary spir
it to our institutions. " I do not charge," he ex
claimed, turning full on the opposition bench, "in
dividuals with conspiracy; but I charge them
with giving the sanction of their names i to prin
ciples, wnii'ti have in tliem an ine germs yt con
spiracy. Str, the maxim of resisting the begin- ;
ing of evils is as sound in the concerns of nations,
as in the morality of individual minds; Nay, I
am not sure whether mischief is not more effec
tually done in that incipient state, than when the
evil comes full-formed, ll islesa perceived, and
it Ihtis destroys with impunity. The -locust, bo
fwfe it gets its wings, destroys the' crop wiih'a
still more rapacious tooth, than when its armies
are loading the wind."
" Hohorable members have talked largely of
their zeal for the constitution. Sir, I am .content
to follow the wisdom which judges of their faith
l;y their works. In my humble measure, I have
been a. zealous worshipper of tha constitution
There was a' time-when those honorable gentle
men .and myself and I speak of that tune with
the regret daie to-long friendship took ' sweet
counsel together,' and bowed before that com
mon worship as friend. That time is past. We
have since taken different paths. 1 hue been
charged with apostacy. What is my apostacy ?
That I have not followed tho frenzy and ingrati
tude of the hour;that, while the most aty.'ul c
vent" in the history of the tinman change has been,
transacting before us, I have not shut my ears and
ey'H to its moral ; that I '"hive not followed the
throng into the valley, and there joiner) the fabri
catprspf the new idolatry, the priesthood of tho
golden calf of the revolution; and shared the pol
luted feast and the intoxicated dance ; while the
thunders of divind vengeance were rolliii on the
hill above." it:
It was obviou from his manner, and his fre
quent return to the topic that the charge of de
serting his party had deeply wounded Ill's gener
ous anil sensitive nature ; and nothing struck" me
as mo're characteristic of his rtiind, that the vari.
etyarid the richncas of his fine amplification on
una suojeci.
" In those rank," said he, u I fought for nearly
the half of (Fiat portion of life allotted to man ; cer
tainly for that portion of my course, titjW hich the
desires, the vigor, and ihe applicability of all the
beat part of human nature nav their fullest play.
I came to ita volunteer I fought side by side with
usioremust l snared the "winter m their diecon
tent aa witngly as the siirn'meraif their prosper.
Ry". ttook thft buffets of ill fitrtu&e.ejnd (here vvcre
many, with aa cheerful a countenance and air un.
ahaken fidelity as any-man. But when! saw a
-new banner raised among them, blazoned with'
mottoes or evil, and refused to follow whlvera
the deserters! They or I!" As be spoke these
words, hedrew his otherwise ratherstooping form
toitsfull height lifted his hand abovr'fiw licatlj
and8t66d at once demanding and defying- the in
vestigation of the empire.
The roar of applause which followeJl wemed to
shake the very wallr. Mewiinowerfnllv moved:
liiseowitenance ehapged ffenj its ucual pallidness
testrong auffnsionjhis, hands rather tosand than
waveu hi mo air. Ariast, f saw one 'of tliem
thMet froniftf into the bosom, as.fr the gestured
wasextyreo. oy some powerful recollection. ''l)o J
t speak without proof of the public haHards!" ho
exclaimed. ' I can give yea demenstrstion 1
need not. invoke eitlietvoowr-rs above nor newer
below M eitlighten youJ I have" the Oracle within
mvhnrt."" 'J iia Mouse iixed a na eves unno .-
hun, . lie droppedi his voice sndspoke wi h t faint,
hut clear lonci which formed a remarkable con
trast4 his usuiillf bold and even harsh pnunciu
tioe: 8ir,"said he, fn'this haft : whispered voice,
u before lioin these gentleman in. their worship,
i .1 ji... ii.r r ii,-.! . ,
speedier offering on the same abhorred altar,
which reeks with so much of the best blood of
France." Hero a corpulent uuble, peculiarly
orator instantly turned Upon him. " True' said
he, " there may be a good deal of variety in that
procession. There may be the mummer as well
as the priebt ; it may have the mountebank, jll-
ing bis .potions, and playing. his tricks, as-well as
the sacnliccr wilb his axe unless the ambition
ol.t!ib bloated prrfonner should prefer In combine
the iiffi.-cs. and bo at voce the LuWlier and tho
bnli:o;i."
Tin; hit was felt on all sides, and th.e Kiughter
was unbiKJiided. llolhen rose, as was his cus
tom, into a higher airam. "I can imagine that
procession," said he, "or rather, that triumph ol
the principles of change. Like the. return of the
classical UitcliMH ffom liis InOiun cmiSjUesis, the
demigod." and lip pnw catt a look at Fax, " sc
cure of supremacy, exulting 'i.i his prowess,
an tt
thinking'tho civilized world at his feet ; but jiot
wj!h"UUho conipanionship of his trusty Silcnus"
':!h; here rie turneu bin glance online no'iin
Tbril "tint veteran follower whose ambition is
limited to Ins cups, and the vigor of whose ti'b-'l-ily
is shown only in the constancy of bin intoxica
tion ; tho whole procession being -drawn by the
wild lord of tho forest and the wilderness, who,
harnessed as they may be for tho nioinc.it, will
no sooner luid thoir food Fainted, than fliny will
resume the natural instincts of the lion.aal the
tigi'r, turn on their drivers, and dcvuur thuiii "
' But, sir," he exclaimed, turniug to llie clia,ir,
" I haviu higher topics, and lo these 1 imw ell the
attention ol the representatives of England. 1
have alluded to the rt" oUitionary tcmplu. I here
have its deity." With lhu.-:e words, he plucked
from his bosnm a large dagger, held it for a mo
ment up to the I'glit, and then dung it at the foot
of the table. The astonishuioyt, and evfin -the
alarm, of the whole assembly waa beyond descrip
tion. They all started from their scats, as it assas
sination lud. stood before them in a visible slupe.
.Some crowded round Borke, some seizl the
dagger, which was eventually cariiud to the
Speaker, and became the object of universal
curiosity. All was confusion for a consulcraible
lime. At length Burke, in a few words ilqlivercd
in bis most impressive' toiic,, cxplaiued the phe
nomenon. " That dagger," s.ii he, " is one ol
thousands, perhaps of millions, which the preachers
of philosophy are now forging for popular convic
tion. You see that by its construction it is
equally liked lor the head of a pike or fr a dagger,
equally serviceable in tearing down the monarchy
in the field, or stabbing its friends in their cham
hers. You have, at once the emblem f rebellion
and assassination. These are the arguments of
tho new school those are the instruments ly
which the limbs of the state are to be amputated,
for replacement by the .inventions of the xevclu.-.
tionary machinists.. Those are the keys by wh:cb
the locks of cabinets aitd coiinci's are henceforth
to be opened, and the secrets of national wealth
laid bare. to the rapacity of tho rabblu." After
this speech nothing was listened to. ,
The debate had been prolonged through the
greater part of the night, anil yet such was tlie in--teres!
felt in its sdject, tint the streets in the"
neighborhood com inurd crowded lo the last. All
tho hotels and coil'jp houses were tilled with peo
pie waiting for the division. Groups, with lighten
torches, were linjpnn everywhere, and passing
the intelligence along, as a member happened
casually to make his appearance in the course of
the night ; shouts and expressions of wrath alter
nately arose, -according to tha nature of the intel
ligence, and a species of open air legislature was
held dm ing'ons of the bitterert nights of winter ;
with dkcuSsions as aGtive, though perhaps not al
together so classical, as those within ; yet totally
free from tumult, and in a spirit of the people
who li.vo with a constant reference to the laws.
The rush of the members to the porch, on the
breaking up of thedebatCf produced a correspond
ing rush of the multitude. Public curiosity was
roused to its wildest height every public senti
ment had its full exjxfcsfiiori apd whether the ac
climation was louder when Fux's corpulent frame
was seen toiling its alow way ihrouqh the pres
sure, or when I'itt's slender figure and passion
less face was recognised, is a q.iosiion which
might have perplexed inn keenest investigators
of popular sentiment.' All wai that uproar n
winch i tie l'jiigni$l)iiia.ii delights asaporcwn uf his
freedom, -4 '
Tub OrsTtit Business. It would be an in
toresting statement, if a were possible to ascer.
tain the annual draft on the Cliesapeake bay and
its tributaries, for tho-uoiversaWy admired shell
fish ho oyster. The quantity taken must be
immense. We stepped a day orlwo ago into the
establishment of Messrs. Holt & JJaltby, op the
City Block, and were astonished to ascertain the
quantity used by them. 'They had twenty-five
r men employed in opening, am (Juring tbe .season
rarely hays a less number. They sometimes o
pen. five hundred gallons a day, which are all, de
signed for exportation. The oysters are put up
in tin cans, (n their own liquorj which are made
airtight ant hermetically staled ; they, are war
ranted to keep fresh in any climate. Five men
arekept constantly employed in mating the cans.
The oyeteri.are ent principally te the Western
States, Bnt, considerable. quantities are seut- iu
the West Indies, South Amerk!,and soma have
been even sent to China. " We noticed ft M rea
dy packed, which- are to go by tbe -first convey,
ance to South America. Meesr Ii:.&. have
"not rut Bad S'rettirn ironl those 1nt to China,
and jfiey eeb'not yet tell hdy the Celestials wjll
like the article. Tbeir enterprise .deserves en
couragement. Bihmort Sun. v
,. Zm , :. : fal : ' ;
; A public Meeting was held in Mtibtlj on Saturday
last to proviile for-a seitable rweplion uf Mr. i'.tu".
ob, who was exprctr il W s rite 4Jlr-s 'early
lh 6ib iirSt. fispaisuon for pli'is -reesiMian wara
malting in JVaw Orleans and much, kind feeling ap
omu w mm. uiw.au mm among aa jpics. Mr.
tliiMopji declined in iavitaUon, ta, I public dimier
tendowd him ty the citizens of Dtyiuft, Marengo
Co., AU." '.' H . i ,,
4- F - Fro the Nsw Tark.Expres
MR .F. WEBSTEH'3WCOND l.ECTt'KE 05
, TfjftTabi;rf!Siofa was again filled by a . very lnrgi
and fashionabla auditory, to lisu to Mr.' Wtbsters
concluding ieetiira ea this subjoct. . Hviuf iutrodncsd
by 8U4 of the olEcersof the Actum, and r6eived
with great'a:ppiose, he procsedsd. 4 c' ' y
The Cbiiiose excel in Ilia, art of stinting trees.
Th UiQ'enmt trees pruserva. their pnrftiut .proportioa
is miniature, although not more ttian a fodt biirh.
-Sams trees tesembl thoof 4he Baturkl sine through
the small end of the teleacape. Orange tree re-
dnWd in slzefe niade to lear either luge ot'ttkaM
fruit. -
Mr. Wfbstf'.her dasciibej tlie temptatilns to
purchase to CsnW, In Kw ajffl Old Chin streets
and Phytn stfeet, the rich silks,.Ac The streets be
describecT as narrow, aud erbwded, and dangerous of
passage 4i oonsequeiice of tbe mode of carrying
bamboos by tbe cooties with their rnmdlcs en them,
The Chinese employ no beasts of burthtin. The
population is too dense to support, beasts. There are
no vehicles with wheels in Canton. " At thejforth of
the Eiiijnre, tlicre are chariots in use, of which the
poet speaks when he says
, - Where Chinese drive
4?" With wind and sail "ihe carry wagen light.
" The Chinese dd no,t use niifk in any form. A few
small cheeses were once presented to Dr. Parker, tho
1 Missionary, by a Tartar nobleman, whose duuehter
be had cured of some distressing disease. "
fifeggars abound in Canton, and their condition 1
most TinM ruble. China has no asylums or almshou
ses. Their wants, however, are few, provisions ere
cheap a ut! abundant, and the climate is not inclem
ent. They go about the streets with gongs and an
thing else (iial makes-a. Quite, tuitl on litem tbey-ar
permitted to perform lilKpesple pay them for going
away, uccanieually, wliau lluy luitl . lliey cau get
nothing, they lie down and go to sleep, and then
wake up,' and go at it again. It thus becomes a con
test of patience, which Mr. Webster described as be
ing exceedingly droll. He then went on to describe
the orguiiiiution of government and society, in China,
in its connection with the punishment. of crime, &e.
The Government is patriarchal a pure, unalloyed
despotism. The laws he makes. The soil is his
own. Everything of the subject is at his command.
The head of Religion, the head of tbe State, be is
Absolute. . Tlie empire is divided into provinces, at
the head of each of which is sji.. officer responsible
only to3liim. These are divided into districts, eacH
with its subordinate heud: and for the people's con
duct therein, each of their heads U held responsible.
Families are held responsible fur the behavior of their
members. Thin every body is a ppy upon every
body. Thus revolts and insurrections are prevented,
and oepttiries of peacfe have beensecured. Mr.Vsb
ster thought he traaed some similarity between this
arrangement and the obligations " hundreds" of vil
lages in Knglaud, for robberies, ,&e. and " townships"
in our country, fof abuses, nuisances, &e. lie gave
an instance of the Operation of this law, in the case
of an American, who lost his watch, going through
an excited crowd, at Canton, without being able te
identify ihe ihu f. lie slated his case to the author
ities, who told bim be slioillU have Ins watch williiu
so many days'. That day one or two, hundredipolice
officers were seised in Canton : one was selected and
told that all would remain in prison till the watch
was brunght back. Of course these poor follows'
friends used great exerlion to get them free all the
people thus" became, from sympathy, officers of po
lice, for the time, and, sure enough, tf!e watch was
found, 20 miles from the city, and restored If a
thftf takes place in a house, they bamboo all th ser
vants, till the guilty one confesses. n
The Chinese code is very extensive. It regulates
religious ceremonies, social intercfouae, apparel, mo
nies, and even courtship. Mr. VV. thought there
might be some timiggliug indulged in, in this last ar
ticle of Chinese Tarit He then went on to allude
to the history of the present reigning family of China
of Tartar origin, since lb-il Tartar tastes retain-"
eu the lamous t altar palace is outside the waits ;
the present monarch, Taou Kuang, is an aged man ;
his grandfather reigned when llie hist Imglish IMivoy
went to Ilekiu the author of the famous Ode t
Tea." It is sacrilege to- name the hamo of the Em
peror. Great changes of China's laws have been
made by the tartars. In the hrm invasions they
spilled much blood. A Dutch historian describes the
wretched state of the country from Canton to Pekin
through which he bad pasted, in consequence oi
these wars.
Mr. Webster save an interesting description of the
manner in which the Chinese of different classes,
dress their hair. Some shave all but u lock to be
palled into heaven by ; some one way, and some an-
ollior. And from this he omm -titi-d cn the styles of
dressing hair, in other parts of llie world, and m
Christendom. The queue, not long since worn by
our people, was borrowed from the Chinese. There
is no hereditary Aristocracy or distinctions of social
rank, in China, All dignity is official. Schools are
xminsrsal. The poor are educated. ' Literary excel-.
le'iira is open to all. Wealth is not a source of dis
tinction. Mr. Webster gave instances of this fact, in
point. There are nine degrees of rank, distinguished
by the color of the button, on tbe top of the conical
r oi, and the peacock's feather, with two eyes. The
superior promotes and degrades at will. The affairs
ol the Empire are conducted by l'ous, or bands, of
differeut'kinds-'-which M-r. XV. recapitulated. There
ure, also, two councils, and thoir relatives and powers
Were described by the lecturer. ' He adverted to the
impossibility of obtaiiifiig any arrangement for cor
responding with fekin, ou the part of the foreign
ministers. FiliaUovc and "reverence form the foun
dation of the system of the government. Worship
to aneestb and respect to parents are made the Hrst
duties. Unusual instances are rewarded. The par
ents are rewarded fur the virtues of their children.
This is th strongest sentiment in the hearts of ''the
Chinese. Changes of domestic' tie sever it not, ab
sence does not weaken it, and even death but ele
Tates it to a yet higher paint. (tails are ereated to
their ancestors, temphss, efligieg, and triumphal al
tars. The worship of the dead is a very high Chi
nese observance. Days are act apart for "it. The
tombs are on the sides of hHUf, where families sacri
fice and worship, and decorate' the graves; colored
paner flairs and other deviues af the same material,
Vrpresentiiig' food, morfry, clothing; Sec. -bring left on-
the graves lor tne vwuenr deceased relations. '1 hese
flags, stuck up around the graves, give a curious as
pect toihese places of sepulture. ,
Mr. Webster went on to state that the American
legation remained for three months at Macao, its
members engaged ill the study of the language.
Meantime Keying lingered, and the legation were
weary. He had promised to come "in 5 rhinutss,"
but this turned out some 0 days. At last he came,
officially noliiied Ihe minister of the fact, and called
eu him the next day. Tbe visitiug cards of the Chi
nese are good sized sheets of red paper.' Uur luxu
ries and etegaucies in writing were in gse by the Chi
nese long before our ancestors ever dreamed of them.
They never use a wafer always a seal always put
tbeir letters in envelopes with Writers'. nd recipi
ents' name both outridethe relative- position of. the
name denotes the relative rank of the person named
a pojut ou which, s'r. .Cushiug pad Keying ones
bad a misunderstanding, aud an explanation. The
size of tha ohacactcr has tbe same significanay, and
the plenipotentiaries, Mr. W. remarked, need charac
ters large enough for a .guide board. lie then went
on to describe. tbe visit of the Chinese minister, with
bis suite Wong, the l.t. Governor of the Kuang
provinces, Choo, Tung, -Lin, llie Tartar, and Duke
i'lvqh, Vo the American kiivoy. ..l,Boe was a great
scholar, a eradua'.e from HanJia wearing spectacles
-with black horn ftetting, sour face, shaved head, looe
dress, Jmv r xeoepsd by, two setsDf messengers,
wilb cards, and hre gtjns being fired, in honor 4f
tUalremendooae,vwtreying was received by the
marines!, belonging to the frigate, by the Conratmfore
and officer of the Squadron, and the legation, ' lip
was a man of sixty years of "age, tall, large, and -dignified
iu his bearing of TJar origin, and very dis-
tisguisbed. Kotliiug ivassaid,. about business, a osl
(ation was provided and tlieyisiliarminated.. It was
returned by all the legation and officer the next day,
at the fcunpe of Wong Hya, about three miles from
Mueao"; tastefulty siiuaied.udt massively anijt ; a
band of not very attractive music played as "they ap
ptoachetl, Uiree guns Were fired, aud they were re
tjcived very graciously, witVtb4tisuatcivililles,Key.'
ing taking MR Gushing by the left hand, conducting
bim with his right, thusieepingthe'place of'honor toi
himsetr, which, however, he yielded ta him, on being
seated. Aaianerwasprovidedinaporticdinthtearii
"lie
-i j it . I A , , r...,u, v mm
crapBu enu hm eiesuaie. ; s be treaty beinz seal-
ti t Wth piW went to dinner.
liable, the legation did . ona gentleman, forgetthig
his,. ctoally sUtfog.dowa, however, to thhj grand dl
plornatie dinner in bis shirtsleeves ! The tuoquet,
set br 20, was very choice'. First, they drauk hot
suanshoo, a kipij of wbbkey, juade from oce. On
emptying the cup, and noddiug to the person whose
health one drinks, i"t is the fashion to turn the out
side towards him, that he may see it has been faith.
aiiv muuciiviMniiir lo lhkm oil enHiji'nn Mtlinw .1 ......
llf Jamptied. Next csjrfe fruit and sweetmeats, the
Chinese minister loading-off by gtvipg Mr. Coaxing
..B ins yvru miupsLicKs. men came a very
good pudding, the invention of Keying himself. Two
waiters-then put on meats, Keying again helping tha
Americau euvoy with bis wn chopsticks. It was a
kind of stew, made of chicken and perk; Shaustoo
was freely drank during the repast. Tha dilfereut
dishes (silver) Wsed were put into the middle of tbe
table, as pue succeeded the other, until a great num
ber was arrayed 'there. Bread, Pork, aud Madeira
were provided out of compliment to tha American
guests. Lotus flower seed, roasted water melon
seeds, and other such things, came on as a kind of
dessert- Among other delicacies going to form a
Chinese repast, Mr. Webster nftntioned shark's Hits,
sea weed, sea slugs, birds' nests, fishes' maws, the
roofs of hogs' mouths, and deers' BirP.WH.--mfAa intra
stews or broths. Tbe birds" nest is Very valuable,
and is, when cooked, a gelatinous substance, Verv
n IllaUa I ! 1 1- r . . J
,ttue on me rocas, near tlie sea. bv
and dust. n,l Khf,t,i f, I-7 : I. ,u!''
. v . iiwiiiHiBua ur lapioco,
both iq loek and taste, when served np'. Most of
the other costly dishes -mentioned, Mr. Wi. thought
by no means so templing. At dinner, it was etU'
quette with the Chinese to take up choice morsels
wiiu wieir cnopsucKs, and beckoning to a guest to
lean forward, lo cram the dainties down his tiiroat.
The Tartar addition to the Chinese dinner, brought
in by six cooks, with great ceremony, consisted of
rtast mutton, turkey, boiled liain and buffalo hiimp,
and a whole roasted pig, lacquered and gilt all
over. Afier all this, came soop ! And very good
soup, too, Mr. Webster remarked; and drunk out
of one bowl, Keying beginning and passing it
round, for each to. have a sip.
This curious dinner, commencing wiih fruit and
ending with soup, lasted from nine till one o'clock,
and being finished a final leave was taken of the
Chinese .plenipotentiary. More "music," more guns,
lanterns blazing, co. dies shouting, Mr.. W. says the
whole.parly returned lo Maeao, each ready to ex
claim wilb Macbeth, "I have supped full of horrors! "
Mr. W. preferred the loose costume of the Chineseto
ourowu, end vindicated his taste at some length. He
described tlje dress of tbe Chinese Mand.irin, the
gold embroidered silk robe, with its ornaments of
gold, and emblems, die. Ac, Chinese theatricals are
not of a Very high order. The aelors wear rich
costumes. They have no play houses, as such.
Tbeir actors r Htrollers. No chsngn of scenes, &c.
lleing engaged, for a set number of nights, by sub
cription, or a wealthy employer, they erect a tem
potiry. boeth in public square, play historical trage
dies, ,ind obscene comedies, They set incessantly
after they begin, for days and nights, the Chinese re
maining 24 hours at a lime to sue their peiformsnces.
The women appear ou tbe stage ; hoys act the fe
male character, speaking in falsetto? Mr. W. de
scribed a piny he saw. It appeared to commemorate
lome old battle' between the Tartar and Chinese
dynasties. Both parlies teemed lo be triumphant.
Each m march, in luru, took ihe throne, and made a
speech to his courtiers. Then they both appeared on
the stage together, and thereupon a terrific com
bat ensued. The warriors turned themselves heels
over head in the melee, made up frightful faces, and
brandished ibeir bitj swords and battle axes fearfully.
Just when things looked at the worst, the opposing
parlies suddenly embraced, stuck out their right legs.
and slapped them smartls, (indicating-that they hod
now mounled en horseback,) and galloped off quite
nmiahly together behind the scenes ! A comedy Mr.
W. found loo gross for description In their liters.
tare, ihe Chinese use an abundance of tropes and
images. 1 he small feet of the women, for example,
they call in pptry or romance, " golden lilies."
A young lady, resisting the amatory overtures of a
lover, who, says the romancer, as each succeeding
gust of the vernnl breeze waved h"r dress, "behold
the gold lilies which exceeded not three inches.
aysy' flwitfdroprhe"roerrto- hsde- myself from
the flowers and ihe moon, (meaning loveand to
prevent the Butterflies (meaning lovers.) from enter
ing my Chamber." And Mr. Websier gave other
specimens (and among them some poetical ones) of
the literature of China. J hese were very amusing,
and full of deep interest, ind. ed. We wish We had
space for them He dwelt upon the writings of
Conflict us,lhe Chinese bible, full of high morality
Confucius did not pretend to prophecy. Happiness
here and hereafter were bis inducements to virtue.
He told them that a prophet would rieO in the went.
I his prophet Ihey take Uudha to lie, and bis doc
trines prevail to a greater or less esfrnr, in sonse-
qtienre. 1 iidIio lihranei ahouiid. tiooks are cheap
They had tbe art of printing long before Christendom
Had it : so ot making purip w, lor the manner s
compass rglans painting hip building paper mo
ney manufactures, canal.4, playing cards : in
deed, every thinj but steam. On all these things
Mr. Webster made interesting remarks. He said
thut paper money (for instance) originated, was used,
and discarded in China, before Hills of Exchange
were invented by the Jews, in Europe ; sn'd he added
that, for the immense trade of that extensive empire,
they had how nJ enitf sae a little copper piece, of
the value of amid! Mr. Webxter said he would
conclude his lectures with a few remarks opon tbe
Antiquity and History of China. The Chinese date
their history from a period to which the traditions of
other countries never reached ; and they e&urh, be
added, to have been great and civilized before wtr
world was created. 'JoiniiHiali vechronolocy, geology,
and astronomy alone can be limbed to, to coftetl
tnee extravagant a-serlions, it they be ni llie
Chinese err in their" nosmogony, ev idettrry.- The
earliest history of every nation, however, makes men
tion of them : lbs (tomans, under the Caesars i lbs
Egyptians, undef the I'turuohs. knew them, -end re
ference is made, in holy writ, to the land of Tsin
I he nature ot its government and the character of Us
language were alluded to by &1a Webster s proofs
of (.'hiujiV.lietng the eldest .nation on earth, r-even
older than the Jens. The government u patriarchal;
the language bieroslyphical. Tbe latter Mr.':W. de
scribed as exceedingly clumsy. The representative
character for Jd ens already in uw by the Chinese
bavs reached the enormous number of , eighty thou
sand. . One must learn all these to learn tlie lanuee
perfectly, though a knowledge of the. radicals and
primitives of the language, fwhich 'are "the original
hieroglyphics facilitates the acquisition materially. .
i nese nave no particular sound belonging lo them.
Articulation is entirely arbitrary: there is no arammar
ol ihe language, time, -numbers, genders, persons,
government, agreement, punctuation, all are, of
course,-wanting." Such a language lias had the
effect, and still has, of keening the Chinese In ' a
stationary and isolated condition, and renders their
consociation with Iho rest of tlie world impossible,-
They pretend to have an authentic and correct list of
their sovereigns from the yaa.r29,(153, before dhrist..
Mr. Webster sees nothing incredible in this,' and
argues as to ill probability ,ard, in eonotosMi tif hi
lecture, happily and elegantly says a;be Chinese
are tp mankind what lhe.pjramjd are amonfc moun
tains Their origin- lost in llie past, tliey are yet
therhsetj,e as tronrf, ita prominent, Bodift,hdecB.ved
s'sjveK ' The' pyrarnldi re dumb. Thsif sealed
passages have Been explored,' in vnh, "They return
na response to our. fruitless erxiuitlea, itNoiojtelligu'ia
sign do they give, tij guide our stepa midst researches
as dim and obscure s tbeir' own dark; van Hi,, Hut
the Chinese are a living, visible, tangible, ami inti
iigiiMepfopre, i no nieigiypnicrorgnen, ituytt iiy
Eivpl, are in farad and vigoruus dly SM among
Mie, a(L, all wbich,ib8y have, ea read and
learn, and understand. ,. We have Kegun the penetra
tion through tbe hitherto formidable barriers that
havs opposed ot to our researches ; and who (ball
- - . w, uv i e v fe- - is.uiuun I
ainn at swaHop; -and hrfhai-t&itiikrrit2-itiiraiiA-xr - wt.-;.c "Kzzftfzix.-J-: .it
"? 'h-erow,
. lowerV IjSSH I " . j .' A
i .x. ,7- ' ' with fmor
. ' mU" of wor". o at.
( - .wvw.
Thte is the nftme of the W tchooner who.,
launch, we referred w b'st week. She waa buil,
w tk feet keeI-86 feeeclt-gl feet boa
-and metauree JS ttina,- She is cepwkhvJtn.
ed thrpughBt, iyid bdtlt of the Vnr ee mat,,
rial!. The5 good taste) of Wenterprislnf owneri,
Meaara, Freeman & tloustoni aitd (ha skill of ,eJ
builder, are displaeil bath in "the beauty of her
model and the excellency nf her workmanship.
She sits npoii the water "like a tbiiig of Jife,"
and is pronounced by good judget in such mat.
ters, a perfect vessel, of her class.
- So Beautiful a vessel should have a worthy
name, and her owners have, we think, been hap.
py in the selection, of one U. calls np pleasant
recollections connected iyitq the early history of
North Carolina. Manleo was the name of t))e
noble Indian Chief who waa so" friendly and faith,
ful to Sir Walter Raleigh's 'first colony in North
Carolina. Jones, in his "Memorials," after de-
",D " V ' ""'iiouiii; thus
introduces Mantco
For two days our adventurous voyagers saw no
signs of man. The vine-cjad and flowery isle before
them seemed to h&ve bloomed sway its existence uu
enjoyed by maov and their minds were filled with
the sublime thought that in this virgin world tli8
clamorf'of war had never been heardTnor the si
lence of its shores ever violated, save by the thuri.
dera of ihe waves and of the. clouds of heaven
On the third day, however, this dream. was broken.
A solitary boat, with three savages, turned the norlhl
ern point of Wookeu, and gliding into an indenture
in the shore, one of tbe party sprang upon ihe beaeli,
and coming directly Opposite the anchorage of tho
s hips, he walked np and down along the water's edge,
seemingly in wonder at what he saw. Wheu dp.'
taiu.Amadas and throe other gentlemen approached
him ill a boatbe made them aspeech of much lent'li,
in his own barbarous tongue, and then firmlj ; stepping
into their boat, he manifested by signs bis desire w
visit their ships. How brave is iunoceuce I It goes
wheresoever it will, and triumphs where guilt woulA
fall. It has survived the fiery furnace, and onrr
walked upon the stormy sea, as upon the plains ot
th earth. "
The name of this Indian was Mantes ; and the
whole domestic history of England cannot boast a
more perfect character. He Was alike the firm
friend of the English, and tlie stern patriot and de
fender of bis tribe ; aud whenever a strife arose
among them, be held out the olive-branch, and mads
peace upon the principles of justice. His savage
birth ud life were indeed but additional embellish
ments of hit character ; and while he restrained Ihe
inhuman vices of his tribe, he Checked tbe not lest
odious avarice of his new and more civilized asso
ciates. On some future occasion I shall celebrate
his humanity, hit generosity and his valor. At pres
ent I have only space thut briefly to introduce bim
to the reader, and to announce the more astonishing
circumstance of his life that he was honored with
the reverence, the obedience, and the gratitude of
the whites.
Bancroft, in his history (i the United States,
also makes honorable moot ion of Manteo. lie
says :
The vanities of life were not forgotten in the New
World; and Manteo, the faithful Indian chief, "by
the commandment of Sir Walter Raleigh," after re
ceiving Christian baptism, was invested with the rank
of a feudal baron, as the Lord of Roanoke. It was
the first peerage ereeted by tbe English in America,
and remained a solitary dignity, till Locke & Shaftes
bury suggested the establishment of "palatinates in
Carolina, and Manteo shared his honors with the ad
mired philosopher of his age.
Such was Manteo. And how appropriate a
name is hie, for a vessel beautiful, like the rine
, we are Considering which, in going from and
returning home, will ever have to pass in sight
of tbe once " vine-dad and flowery isle" where
the good chief, two hundred and sixty-one yeara
ago, first welcomed the'Engliah colony! For
her name alone if for nothing else we wish
her a life time of prosperous voyages.
We must not omit to mention that on the day
of the launch, her owners lost nothing of their
reputation for love of good cheer and liberality
in dispensing it. North Stale Whig.
THE- NEW TENNESSEE U.S. SENATOR.
Mr. II. L. Xurney, who has recently been e
iected to the U. S. Senate from Tennessee, has
got himself into a snarl with the party lo which
he belonged or rather did belong to, for lie has
been fairly ' read out" of the ranks, notiviihstand
in he was a "I'olk e lector," and has done "yeo-
man service" for the Loco Focos, in times past.
Mr. Turney was elected to the Senate by the
vote of the- Whigs of the Legislature joined lo
six Loco Focus. - But his election was nut effect
ed without a long and acrimonious debate, in
which his firmer friends came dpwn upon him
"like a thousand brick nay, like ten thousand
brick."
Tbe mariner of this assault on Mr. Turney, and
the matter of it, may be inferred from the follow,
ing extract of a speech delivered in jho Tennes
see Leeislat ure previous to tbe election. We
make the extract, italics and all, from the Nash
ville Union, (the Loco Foco organ) :
'' It was charged by the Senator from Coffee-!)
the gentleman from Maury tjiat Mr. TurvriJ M
written to the Whig tide of thin General Assrmlih'i
THeeiing their tieiflS on the subject of the Tarif and
ifmtrtbutum, aud pltdgtng hmeel) to denounce .'o
l'olk and hit Administration. I am sorry to declare,
1 olemnly believe tbe charge to be true. My belirfi
however, is founded oh no idle tumor floating in lli
streets. It rests on stronger and more convincing
testimony testimony such as is admissible in ear
QOurU of justice, on which, times without uuniberiug.
men have been convicted of thfe highest crirtvcs anu
misdemeanors knowH to the laws. I mean eirevm-
t'antial evidence."
Wc sincerely hope thai Mr Turney has written
the letter here affttded to ; and if so, he has done
no more than sanction the principles of Gen. Jack--
arm; and upon which he was elected m
which, we takeirMr.; Turney is too
etrn'tnan to repudiatreWo at this late oay, mouB..
it Ut become fashionable with some leading Lo
h lr f,A :' R.t w shall hear- from Mr.
'furner in rattriinn to the matter. BS he hag pllb-
Ushed thebHowine feard in the Nashville Vm
the public will suspend its opinion in relation
,lhe charges made sgoinst m by my enemies in- w
Legislature fo'r a few days a t am compelled to I
h.4 r.,. mnttut ttn .! attamlina to some import'
at biMinesa j after Which I shall presem my uVfenrt
ianet vindication to the public. H..L. TUKk.
;Oct. 25, 184S.
. "SHOOT AT-FOLLY AS IT
A writer in one of eur exchange Ppe,w"'1" -a
Vigorous bow aud shoots a pointed
wB,r fl-'at rt,,. nf beaufv. vulri)
jpenonttnated HetT.E8t
rtrr., atm all a fll inir aho W, -
feH For rasn'e delusion given ; ;'
r They're Huffed with kran,er filled wif). lo'
Stick onmbout a feet or i
They're all a caeaf, by benvsu
Pi
jfipi
by
the
Kvil
put!
I
E
hi
c
wo.
pin
Irel