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'' - IV O K T USC AB O li I N A .V Fnriisjteu 1r tliSw Campbell, Esq; for the Baleigh Bcglsier. mTAr. oiKTfcHES BT COIi. aiOiWiiivai -I dtnOUTOHD; DUDLEY. y " L,k ---.t.i4 in tWa administrati f the .w"'.v:r:rA:n. the end of JTVATv . h. ennnoaed Interests oHtlresjr i 'SSaI mandate. of tb. '"ffl to'Brofcions of Us minuter.. For the first "JiSii of EE administration, there was a calm or klndofStlrafgy as to passing events, pervading the Swa NoSc.rolEi.i but in '74 the.r sympa thies were awakened, -ben it was .known that the British Parliament had passed the Boston port tall, by which that port wag to shut up after the 1st day of June, and its commerce cut off from all parts of the world; and this cruel measure was to be en forced by a large army of British troops and a pow vL thi nr,le awoke and began to iLv .Knt thm. This bill arrived in the Spring of 1774, during the session of the House of Burgess es, and threw the Assembly into a ferment which prevented business from progressing. Gov. Martin found the members refractory and unyielding to his measures. He could not procure the passage of his money bills, (as it was usually called,) nor succeed . in any other of his favorite or ministerial measures. The House adjourned in discontent and disgust, and the minds of the people were alarmed and agitated. Whilst these things were transacting in Newoern, 1774. the writer of these ketches attained his eighteenth year, and had his name immediately enrolled on the muster-list of the Town company of Militia, in Halifax, and in a month - wr..-.i1 hil m nnnortuaitr. for the first time, of seeing Governor Martin in his own town, for two or three weeks, several times every day in the office where he wrote. It is well known to many that King Charles tne 2d granted to eight Lords proprietors that extensive tract of country lying South of Virginia, and ex tending along the Atlantic coast to St. Mary s river which divided it from the Floridas, and west to the TWiimnnni TiYer. now includine the two Carolinas and Georgia, The Lord proprietors (of whom the Earl of Grenville was one,) after n fruitless attempt to colonise the country, from their own ignorance, uptdity and dissatisfaction with their purchase from the crown, all surrendered, ior a supmaicu their grant into the hands of the King, except Lor-d lireuvilie, wno reiameu n bu.h, . 6r L breadth, from what is the Virginia line, in the North ttm Smith nnA fT tflndinflr from the Atlantic to the :.. th. wot After the surrender of the other Lords propritors, the country was divided into North nd South Carolina, and crreuviwe upcu ,i . l.nrf.nffi n his share of the former province, and placed an agent there, for the disposal of land oo low terms, subject however to the payment of an annual tax, tailed quit-rents, to himself and his heirs, forever, besides surveyor's fees, the coat of re gistration of patents, &c, &c For several years previous to the disturbances in America, Col. Jos. Montfort, of Halifax, a wealthy merchant, and also the Royal Treasurer, had been the agent for the heirs of Lord Grenville, though as far back as I can reeouect or naa any unuwieugc ui am." ui.uouv.iyu., the land-office of Lord Grenville had been shut up; bat the multifarious papers including duplicates of Eatents belonging to that office, still remained in the ands of Col. Montfort ; but after the passage of the Boston PorJ bill was known in North Carolina, and General Gage with his fleet and army had arrived at Boston, in pursuance of the ministeriul plan, Go vernor Martin, with his private Secretary, Mr. Nelson, repaired to Halifax, with written instruc tions and an order from the heirs of Grenville, to receive all the papecs of every description belonging to that office. This was early in the Summer of 1774, at which time the writer was something more than eighteen years old, and was assistant clerk in the counting house and the Treasury Office. The Treasurer was a man advanced in years, of a feeble constitution and sickly temperament, then languish ing on the bed of sickness, but a Whig; and although Governor Martin and his suite were his guests for several weeks, and no doubt used much persuasion and address to get the papers into his hands, yet the Treasurer at first demurred, and for some time wavered about their delivery, until he could consult his friends about the propriety of the measure, evi dently shewing a repuguanco to delivering them to his Excellency at all. At last he consented, and pindencs also in 1774, for the purpose of intercom, jnanication, and as soon as it was determined to hold a general Congress at Philadelphia, in September of that year, appointed her Delegates .to attend that meeting. These were Joseph Hewes, of Edenton, a YiEjaous man and an old and highly respectable mer chant, of great experience in mercpautiie commerce ; Richard Caswell, of Dobbs Cofthty, in thepis trict of ffewbern, a very respectable lawyer, and William Hooper, of Hiilsboro,' also a lawyer, and the most pleasing speaker 1 had ever seen at any bar. ' The GeneralCongress accordingly met at Philadelphia, on the Bth Of September, '74,. all the provinces being dalypresented- except Geor gia, which, for prudential reasons, approved orby the other colonies, declined sending delegates at this time. The first thing they did, was to enter into a non-importation agreement, whereby all commercial intercourse between Great Britain and the Colonies was suspended. It was recommended to the people to discontinue the use of Tea, their favorite bever age, and merchants were forewarned not to sell. It was recommended to the people also, to increase their flocks of sheep, killing lamb but sparingly and then those of the least profitable kind. They Detitioned the crown for redress of grievances, and drew an Address to the people of Great Britain, 4 a production oi iu uiirai. pcu u - These virtuous and enlighted men continued their labors from d.iy to day. for the general welfare fall the provinces, with great moderation and ability, un til the 26tb of October, when they adjourned to meet again on the 10th of May ensuing, 1775. In the mean time, North Carolina re-elected the same Del egates, Messrs. Hewes, Caswell and Hooper, to at tend this meatinir. and the House of Burgesses ad journed their session to meet again at Hillsborough, about the 1st of June a measure unprecuenieu m the annals of that Province, strongly opposed by Gov ernor Martin and his adherents, who seemed to be alarmed at the idea of leaving the falace aiew beru, and going so fr mi to he ifttenbr, tinnm public business. However, as nothing had been done at that session which met the Governoi s wislies, oo k nr.. na I hTP hefore said, rather of a tem- poriiing disposition, and willing to keep the Assem hiv in o-orvl hnmnr he consented to meet them there, 3 3 that i land, 380 j s of COil- of addi proenrinz a confidential friend (ror Le was unable to attend himself) to superintend and direct six or eight clerks, all young men, among them myself, in the business of taking a schedule or inventory, not only of the duplicate grants, but of every other pa per belonging to the office, opening and designating their import exactly in our inventory ; and although we were all expert or swift pensmen, yet it took us more than a fortnight or three weeks, from before sun-rise till dark every day, to accomplish this ar duous work, notwithstanding the Governor was usu ally three or four times a day in our office, and with complacent smiles and courteous language urging us on to the completion of the work. This done, and the papers being packed up in large trunks, boxes and chests, and three wagons procured for their removal to the palace in Newbern, his Excel lency departed in seeming triumph and satisfaction at the acquisition of what he no doubt deemed an immense prixe, and the favor he should thereby con fer on the courtly heira of Lord Grenville. I pre sume this enormou8bulk of papers was immediately shipped to England by Gov. Martin, to the legal re presentatives of the old Grantee; but their receipt availed them not at all, for in little more than two years after. North Carolina, when she became nn independent State, and framed her own Constitu tion, virtually confiscated this immense tract of coun try, by a clause in that instrument which says K that the soil belongs to the good people of this State," which also included the vacant or unappro priated lands belonging to the Crown. They con fiscated also, by Act of Assembly, all other estates belonging to British subjects residing in Great Britain, or any of its provinces or territories. And thus the heirs of the Earl of Grenville, the original patentee, lost forever the greater part of what re mains to North Carolina, and two-thirds of what now constitutes the State of Tennessee, and these by far the richest portions, as to soil, situation and val ue, in both the States. When the news of General Gage having arrived at Boston, with a fleet and army, and shut up that port, reached North Carolina, the Captain of a 3 oMptmy of HUWk, whrthJiarrator then resid ed, and to which Compaay he belonged, resigned the commission he held under the King, making at the same time a public declaration, "that he would no longer serve his Majesty either ina Civil or Military capacity, until Amerieaa grievances were redressed." His subaltern officers followed his ex ample, and presently afterwards the Field Officers of the County resigned their Commissions also, and thus the Militia of that conntv. at least, wm-a Uft. in aState of anarchy. The late Captain of the Town Company, however, lost no time in convening the eitixens of the phwre and its vicinity, who had form erly composed his command, and after making a short harangue, proposed that they should form themselves into an independent company, and elect their own officers, in defiance of all regal authority. This proposition was highly relished and acceded to hy all the company, a few excepted, who were Scotch merchants and their clerks, when they proceeded to head them, and most of their late subaltern- officers, and immediately went into a course of rigid train ing. But being somewhat deficient in tho knowl edge of Military tacticks, at this period, Robert v asnmgton was invited rrom v ireinia, for the pur pose of disciplining this corps. He h id served ns a BrlUsh sergeant during the vt bolt of the preceding War.andvras well Bkilletfin he nlunual exercise and iL7!T introduced into the Prussian tr?vlJterthlGreat'wbil8t he SSTSvTVi ,tt vtbe discipline of fV??' an English author. A nd thus, as the writ,. tLrrnZi X "v and then understood, was Nti r fir",- IodPt Company in Americ tVZXi ?ro,.IM. Vlke b neighbor, Virginia! and the other Provinces, had her CommUtee o?f f rSrjS Christopher Dudley. VI T a as atvwa u v iu . . at the time appointed, cut n affairs of Lexington and Concord had happened, on the 19th of April, '75, and the lives of our people destroyed by actual hostilities, being thus wantonly destroyed by the British. Not only this Province, but all America was thrown into an increased fer ment. The House of Burgesses however, true to their appointment, met at Hillsborough, but the as pect of affairs at this crisis, so alarming to his Excel lency, caused him to pause, and the longer he delib erated upon the awful subject of hazarding his sa cred person among the hardy sons of the West, more than 200 miles from his palace, the more his mind became bewildered and panic-struck, and instead of repairing to Hillsborough, according to promise, with his council, faithful adherents and advisers, who, in imitation of the British House of Lords, con stituted the upper House of our Legislature, he flew off in a tangent of more than 90 degrees, from the point in question, and with his whole household, while the Assembly was impatiently waiting his ap pearance, in order to begin business and hastily re paired to Wilmington, where he cot on board of a King's ship lying at that place, or a few miles thence, below the Flatts. where lie was safe : and thusabdi- cated the government over which he presided. Ty rants, despots and their substitutes always evince a cowardly heart, in proportion to their acts. As soon as this manoeuvre was known at Hillsbo rough, the Assembly took the reins of Government into their own hands, and evinced to the world that they coujd legislate for themselves, without the as sistance of the Royal substitute and his council, usu ally composed of creatures of the Crown, selected for their pliability to its measures. Let us. however, return to the Assem bly at Hillsborough. Finding they had happily got rid of the Royal authority, in the manner above mentioned, they proceeded to take into consideration the state of the Colony, and their obligations to the other Provinces, of mutual co-operation in this in cipient stage of our confederations, and instead of enacting statute laws, proceeded to something more substantial and requisite, in the present posture of affairs. Among their first acts, was to raise two re giments of regular troops ; the command of the first was given to Col. James Moore, of the North West of Cape Fear, and the other to Col. Robert Howe, of Brunswick, below Wilmington. And a consider able sum of paper money was voted, to be issued for the purpose of enlisting men and to pay other ex penses of Government They also so organized the Militia as to raise some Regiments of minute-men, aud appointed the Colonels a species of regular troops who voluntarily enrolled themselves without receiving bounty or any other pay, except . From the BaltimorelPatriot. The approbation of the selection, by Gen. Taylor, of the Hon. John M. Clayton for Secretary of State, in this quarter, is loud and deep and very general, not only with the Whigs, but with their political op ponents. Mr. Clayton is emphatically a great man, with a clear head, a sound judgment a ready pen, and an eloquent tongue. He is every inch a Whig, a Whig of the right stamp and the right school. No political bigotry, no low, grovelling, political chican ery, no sectional prejudices find a place in his patrio tic heart He shows his colors freely and maintains the great Whig principles openly, honestly and a-bove-board. As a specimen of his sentiments, yhile the late Presidential campaign was going on, and as a text indicative of the course he will pursue at the head of Gen. Taylor's cabinet, I here give an extract from his great speech at Brandywinc Springs, he 28th October last: " We are on the eve of a revolution in the politics of the country. A new and mighty party is rearing its gigantic form before the world. It is not merely the Whig party, nor yet the Democratic party inot the Native party nor the Foreien nartv -not the Free Soil party nor the Slavery party : it is the great 1AYLUK REPUBLICAN PARTY, of which ihc distinguishing characteristic is identical with that which brought the ol the real, the genuine democratic party into power in 1801. The shibboleth of that party is the risht of themaioritv to govern. It is utterly opposed to kingly power, under a republican name. It will tolerate no monocracy no monarchy no tristocracy no toryism. No dis guise, under falsely assumed names, will be permit ted to gull or deceive- it. Republican it is and will remain, and it will gather and grow as long as our constitution and country shall endure." John M.. Clayton's Speech at Brandy mine Springs. Saturday, October 23, 1848. ! Such were the great statesman's sentiments in Oc tober last, buch are his sentiments now, and as Se cretary of State he will atill hold them. Can such a statesman go wrong ? ; The news that Governor Crittenden had positive ly declined accepting any post in General Taylor's eaoiuei, created mucn regret in this qaarter yester day ; but to-day hope has revived that he may yet yield to the very general wish, includine the unani mous voice of the Kentucky Legislature, and consent to resign the Gubernatorial Chair and come intoihe Cabinet. .The nation cannot well spare him toserve out bis terra or lour years as Governor, and the Le- gisiaiure oi inut nooie state says the nation may command his services! The Hon. Truman Smith is now talked of for both the Treasury and the Post Office Department h.,t be will probably retain his seat in the Senate to which he has been elected from the 4th of Ma'rch -- noi unpussioie mat tne Whigs will fail of obtaining the majority in the next Legislature of Connecticut, in consequence of the recent or the i Locofoeos with the Free Soilers, or Aboli tiomsts. in that case, it would be a bad business t, lose from the Senate so able and efficient a Whig a, s. , uu,uu o,uu, aoc 10 see bis place filled by a Lo- wvtwtai. x mute not 04- POTOtACad: D" The House of Representatives of New York Has passed a resolution to present to Major Bliss, (who is a native of that State.) a gold medal with suitable inscriptions and devices triplicates of which are to be struck one to be presented to Major Bliss, w uc urpusuea in tne state Library and anotner at the Military Academy at West Point. ;-; RAir.TlOADJTE&iS. We 1-nrn from ihe American Alntnac there arei completed io MasfacfiuseHs of railroads ; in other parts oi ie,w ju miles ; -and that there are now m pre struction m New England, 1244 mil tCi i-rrth of railroads COmWrtUa ID .iSBW 4asyivaU 954 1 4 hiilerX)eia&ae f , North Carolina, 254 miles ; South Cajcifltft4f W. miles ; Georgia, 605 miles ; FloHda 54 Ihrlear ; Alabama, 101 miles; Mississippi.1 109 mUfj Kemucky. 28 miles ; Ohio. 301 rnilf ; Indiana, 84 miles; MicrHan. 280 miles, tytal the United Slates, 5,703 1-2 miles: J A contemporary remarks that traveling on rail- roads iu Massachusetts has become al familiar as riding iu omu.buases, and people-arrfc m Boston from places at considerable distances, fausact busi ness, aud depart homeward, with no K than one would bestow upon a walk for nf f . citv to the other. One inslauo ti sit Arf in ihA fact, that in the Iwt of Legislature, fifteen Senators and nine Kir. or Bt down as boardiuff' at The completion of the Sullivan Kail ii.m.tim route frooi Walpole, opposite) to Windsor, Vermont, 26 miles, and that ef the Ver- niont Central Koad lrom winasor lo.nonnneia, o miles, was celebrated at Windsor 4i VVednesday, Jau. 31st. The Boston Post, speaking of this work, says : A railroad communication is now opea from Bos tou into the central part of Vermont. 'The whole distance from Boston to Northfield, to wbicbi -place ih Veraiout Central road is oDesed is 209 aadleSt as follows : Fitcribufg road 50 TftSea, VeiKfaa6 Massachusetts 10, Cheshire 54, SuUrYan "20; Ver mont Central 69. From Northfield to Mootpener Js IU miles, theuce to Burlington, on the Lake is but re caocern torn one part if this U to be binbers of the two Assam- ime. lead through iellows Falls, 24 Having reached that point, the proprietors of the line below will set their laces like a nmt for Ug- denstittrg. The trains on the New Haven Kailroad,go cram med both ways. They connect regularly with the Hartford aud Boston Rail Koad. now at the intersec tion at Mill River, where passengers have the choice of railroad or boat to New York. When the track of the New Haven read becomes well settled, the cars will go through easily in three hours. The Winchester Virginian states ; that the trans portation on the Wiucheater railroad is goiug on ac tively. The receipts ou downward trade, in flour aloue, during tlie month of January, exceeded that of the same period last year, by the sum of twelve mndred dollars. New York Railroads We abridge from the Al bany Jourual some further returns of the railroad companies for that btate for the year 1848: Albany ana nocnescer jtaurnua. i.engin, oiu-. Cost to Uec.3l, 1843, $2,644,520 35. Indebtedness 5533,000. A mount of reeeW $454,721 8Z aaJflUggf , 1 From 100,78 through passengers ?jjiu,i34 a 108.477 1-2 way do lu,o ou freight 83,136 85 transportation of mails 11,700 00 other sources 1,413 72 u u Total receipts $454,721 87 Whole weight of freight moved in 1848, was 57,762.911 lbs. The amount expended for operating the road, $188,027 76. Dividends oue of 4 per cent, ou the first of Feb ruary and a like amount on the first of August. Attica and Buffalo Railroad. Capital $700,000 ; cost $S21,313 07. Paid for relaying road, &c. in 184S, $133,770 54. Indebteduess $47,899 05 Oue company $16,229 82. Earnings from passengers Do do freight Do do mails $119,446 47 25,965 07 4.638 50 Total earnings Add proeeeds on old iron $150,050 04 809 70 $150,859 74 Total income Number of through passengers 127,004 ; do. way 19.231. Number of miles run by passenger cars, 59 ,W36, by freight, 18,758. 1 he expenditures for 1848 were as follows Amount paid for repairs, salaries, &.e.t $34,752 02 Other current expenses not tor construc tion Add construction Paid div'd of 5 per cent on $350,000, Feb, 1 Do do do do Au?. 1 31,347 29 333,770 54 17,500 00 17.500 00 PLANK ROADS. Extract of a Letter from Pkofessob Gillsswe, (aidhor cfihe Manual oj Koaa moKing, ) as riad at a recent meeting at Schenectady. To an inland town like ours, roads are substi tutes for navigable rivers. The more widely they radiate io every direction, and the belter their condition, the greater will be our prosperity. Their comparative value is determined by the dif ferent weights which a horse can draw upon them at any uniform speed, or by the d fferent speeds t which he can draw tho same loads. Of all trjodes of improving tfteir furfae, Wank Roads are the most effectual, at tne smallest coat, u we take the load drawn on a new gravel road as our standard of comparison, experiments show that on a good broken stone or Macadam road, a horse can draw four times as much, and on a smooth Plauk Road ctghl tiroes as much, or twice as much as on a good M cad m ;oad. Plank roads, therefore, enable a horse to do more than any other arrangement, except rail road's. But, invaluable as the latter are to the hurrying traveler, the ordinary roads, on which every' farmer can drive his own team, when not needed for the farm labors, are incomparably more useful to the community at large and of all such, plank roads are the perfection. They are the Farmer's Railroads. bodes or construction The best method of constructing them is brief ly this : Lay out the intended line wiih great care to avoid steep inclinations, never ascending more than one foot in going thirty or forty ; and wind ing thirty feet around rather than go up one. Grade the road bed wide enough for two wagon tracks, but plank only one ; and that on the right hand side coming towards a city, for teams gen etajUy came in heavy and go out light, and this, arrangement makes the heavy ones keep the track, and the light onts do all the turning out. Lay down flatwise two stringers, 12 by d, four feet apart, centre to centre. Imbed them well in the earth. Across them, at right angles,, lay 3 inch hemlock plank, 8 feet long. The lengthwise and skewing methods of laying them are now a bandoned. Pack the earth well up to them. Slope the earth track towards the ditches (which should be wide and deep) aud your plank road is made. Many minor points must, however, be altended to, make your road as perfect as possible. The inner stringer should be higher than the outer one so as to carry the water off freely. They should be in two pieces, each 6 by d, so as to break joints. The ends of the planks should not , be laid to a line, but project a tew inches on each side alternately, so as to make it easy for wheels to get on the track, and to avoid forming a cut along side. They need not be fastened down, but 1 would recommend spiking down, say every din or 10th plank, the rest being well driven home against these. The stringers are now made 4tvir than formerly, and tha pU&k , iighier. When hemlock plank get worn down two inches, the knots project so as to make the road too rough, and to require renewal. Allow one inch more to hold them in, and we have three inches in thickness- Hemlock is generally used as cheapest, but pine or oak. would he better. A single track will be sufficient for almost any amount of travel. The turnings out upon the earth road by the side of it are at such varied points, that its surface, if made properly, will al ways remain in good condition. lbu.UUU teams passed over a Syracuse road in two years, av- eraging more man two nunureu a aay ; ana ror three days in succession, seven hundred a day passed over it : and all this was one single track. COST. The cost of the road will of course vary with the price of lumber. On the plan recommended, it will require 127,000 feet of plank, and 32.000 feet of stringers, per mile ; in all say 160.000 feet board measure. Other items of cast are, the leveling of the road bed, and laying the plank. which cost from fifty cents to one dollar per rod. The excavation and embankments necessary to give the road proper grades, and the bridges and sluices, cannot be estimated without the data of a survey. Omitting these, as also gate-houses, we will have the following rough estimate of cost per mile : Lumber, 160.000 feet, at $9 per M. 81,440 Leveling and laying, at 75c. per rod, 240 Engineering and superintendence! 100 Total $434,869 $5 The Pittsburgen are engaged in completing their arrangements for the extension of their rail road com munication westwardly into Ohio. Iu the Senate of Pennsylvania on the 5th instant, a bill was passed which provides that for the purpose of preventing, as far as possible, the evils of transhipment from one set of railroad cars to another, aud to prevent their occurring at the State line, the Ohio and Pennsyl vania Kailroad Company are authonxed to make the width of the track of that part of their road in Penn sylvania, the same as it is required te be is Ohio, and the Same as the width of the trafiSrf other roads authorized under the railroad law ef Ohio, with which their road will connect. From a Correspondent of the Boston Courier. The Committee of Ways and Means will soon make a report in favor of a revision of the tariff of 1846, but no action will be taken at this session on the subject, beyond printing the report. The Senate is not ready, and Mr. Polk is not ready for auv such revisal. But when the soon-to-be Ex-President shall have lost his official powers, and yielded to the soli citations of his better-half, to make the tour of Eu rope, his wishes and opinions thereon will be quite ovt riooaeu ana iorgotten. By the way, it will be a new and attractive spec tacle to see an Ex-President, accompanied by bisac complished lady, both in the prime of life, after hav ing enjoyed the highest honors of the world, passing a portion of . the serene afternoon of their life in visiting the great theatres of renown in the old world. and mingling with princes and potentates,' who, less obedient to the will of the people, Btill Jiold their uneasy seats at the head of crumbling governments. The spectacle of a man who has DencefultV ascended from the most humble station, to the hewf of one of me greatest (soon lo Do the z&kctsrTysmr1XXi globe, and in obedience to law and the. Wishes of the people who elevated him, has as tranquilly laid down the great powers with which he was teinrjorarHv clothed, and descended to the political level of the humblest citiien, such a spectacle, we sst. will not be without its moral power and influence over the minus oi Europeans, every where, whether in high 4 w.c Dvll. I. A. TTT ... . A j. ui. io ngui. w e comaieou tne idea or a journey to Europe. Perhaps her husband might be the giner, if he should postponi its execution till near me expiration ot Louis Napoleon's term. The fickle Frenchman, in casting abant for a successor. might have his attention directed to tha American Ex-PresidenL Who knows ? And if so, who will undertake to foretell the result?;! The sound would not be very euphoneous, but still'the cry might be heard careering alone the vine-clad mains, snd re verberating from Alpine fastness, and anon swelling on the gale, along the shores of the stormy Bar of DHHiay, " VIVKLK roil l" " VltB LE FSESIDCKT i America ! Should Mr. Polk go to Europe at the' proper time, we set down his Chances of being Pre-j sident of the French Pepublie. as great ashfi changes were, five years ago, to be President of the United, A meeting of the lawyers, says fee Boston Fost, for the " purification of the bar, ended by a nniwr it tha Rdm; Itn.. , . . . " v.. wuuDc, upvn wnujn occasion a poem, written by A. C. Spooner, was read." Wt copyf mu noes irom u ; Add for contingencies, ten per cent. 1,780 178 Total, $1968 Or say $2,000 per mile, with lumber at $9, and omitting extra excavations and embankments, and gate-houses. The difference of a dollar per M. in the price of lumber, makes a difference of 9160 per mile. DURATION. As to durability, seven years for hemlock would be a safe estimates though our experience is as yet very limited. One set of stringers will out last two or three coverings of plank. But, to be profitable, the plank must have so much travel as to wear them put before they rot out. The wear and tear of the first year equals that of the follow ing six, as a tough and elastic coating of woody fibres, &c, is soon formed, and protects the plank from wear. And the sooner they wear out the better; for the sooner will their cost be thus re paid. On one road, the passage of 160,000 teams wore the plank down but one inch. profits. Before hemlock plank have been worn out, thev will earn, at the rate of toll Ptahlihed h the general plank road law, from $2,500 to 83, 000 per mile above repairs and expenses, or dou- Die tneir original cos:, wnicntrey will thus reim burse, and leave as much more for dividends, which will of course be more or less lartre. ac cording as ihe wearing out and concomitant earning is done tn a shorter or longer time. On the Svracuse and Central Snaire Plant Xt,A tha - - f - - wrMay aaw tolls on 8 miles, for two vears. endincr last Iitlv ' - W a wereixAiuu;th expenses salaries and re pairs were $1,500. leaving $11,400- The plank were half worn outgone inch,) so that their net n . r . ... . pronts oeiore renewal would be Hm far tha eight miles, or $2,805 per mile. ADVANTAGES. In Imnrovercenta of this character, it ! Hiffi. eult to sav who trains the most whether it in tho stockholder, the farmer, the city merchant, or the consumer of the produce brought in. The farmer can bring his potatoes, apples, pork, wood, &c, to market at seaaons when he would otherwise be imprisoned at borne by the state of the road, and could not there work to advantage. He could also carry twice as heavy a load as ever before, and therefore at half the former cost. He could therefore sell cheaper and yet make larger pro fits. The consumer would consequently get the articles that he uses at lower pricea. Wood, for xample, would be greatly lowered in cost by be ing brought from diet ant forest now inaccessible to us. So with other articles. Every inhabitant would therefore be benefitted, for every one must he warmed snd fed. The merchant . will find bis Id country customers and many mem ones com. ing at all times, afawrHfthiiithrrlargeT profits. The stockholder, besides his gains as a member of these three classes of producers, merchants, or consumers, will in addition receive his dividends from tolls. It is one of those rare business trans actions, by which a!l the parlies eain. , every direction as impartially and beniguaotly as the similarly diverging rays of the sua.- Around every town or market place we may codceivea number of concentric circleato be drawn, enclosing areas from any part of which certain kinds of produce may be profitably taken fo the tews, while from any point be yond each circumference, the expense of the car riage of the particular article would exceed its val ue. Thus the iuaer circle, the centre of which is the town, may show the limit in every direction from beyond which perishable" vegetables or articles very bulky or heavy in proportion to their value, caunot be profitably brought to market ; the next large cir cle may show tne limit of fruits ; and so on. If now the road ara' improved iu any way, so aan anv de gree to lessen the expense of carriage Ihe radius of each circle is correspondingly increased,' aud the area of each is enlarged as the square of this ratio of in crease. Thus if the improvement enables a horse to draw twice as much, or to travel twice as fast as he did before, each of the limiting circles is expanded onward to twice the former radios, and embraces four times its former area. If the rate of improve ment be three-fold, the increase of area is nine-fold ; and so on. All the produce, industry and wealth which by these improvements finds, for the first lime, a market, finds, as it were, a new creation. The views here expressed have been confirmed by a recent inspection of three plank roads which start from Utica. The contrast with the mud holes of the common roads adjoining them, makes it seem impos sible to exalt too highly their advantages ; and the merchauls of that place are emphatic iu their ac counts of effects on their trade. Rome preceeded Utica in this improvement, aud was iu consequence rapidly drawing away its business, till in self-defence the inhabitants of Utica resorted to the same expe dient, and are now enjoying its benefits. It is to be earnestly hoped that the enterprise of our citizens will be sufficient to enable them to reap equally gold en harvests. ' CALIFORNIA. IN IMITATION OF 'KXCKLSIOa.,, x The eye of the day was closing fast, When through a Yankee village pass'd A youth who bore 'mid ice and snow, 4 banner with the word below, California! The wondering people gathered round, And kindly ask'd him whither bound, For gold, for pleasure, or for fame? He smiled, and pointed to the name, California ! A sage with long and silvery beard, The sound of many voices heard, And rushed along the crowded street, To ask him whither strayed his feet ? California t From off his brow he raised his cap, They gazed within by sudden hap, At once appeared in letters fair, Distinct and clearly written there, California ! The shining buttons on his coat, That bound it fast from loins to throat ; Along the edge were lettered roond ' With words, which gave the well-known sound, California! His hand enclasped a mattock helve, Amid the sand aud stones to delve, And deeply burned within the wood, The dark and blackened letters stood, California ! "Stay, youth !" said one, with anxious mien, "A fearful distance lies between, Of time a dread and weary while!" He only answered with a smile, California ! Again they looked but distant far His banner lightly waved in air : While oh the smooth serial track, A straggling echo wandered back, California ! Again he passed a village by, And still he held his banner high, But vanished with a merry sound, That floated like a mist around, California 1 Anon he trod a noble prow, i That from the shore was floating now, While parting shouts from all on board, In one triumphal plaudit roar'd California! They touched the clime of golden sand, The youth was first to tread the land, And shouting to his fellows, said, As waved the banner o'er his head, California ! At last the ague and fever raged, But still with ferver unassuaged, Stretch'd on the ground amid its quakes, He shouted loud between the shakes, California ! Onee more, his comrade passing by, The film of death was over his eve ; But from the sky o'ercast snd dajak, A voice fell like a broken bank, . California ! "The truest account of our troubles bv far I Is, that the lawyers too often attended tha r, fittfa Mlllkl Ul RALElGy Boat ties in the State w regard to thematwnr "W W rf . , ""UK,,,.,,! WiUeirPoliCouatj;i 03 We have receWed tt0st A Clingmavs Address. tra 'S next It came to baad V this issue. mt wake Couotv rv. Perhaps the gentlemen Vs?, been as huail v mr,i 1 . Of Pleas and Oni.. c. . . oega . week. Petit eases of almort ,1,1 acter, and some of dktfi brouffht to lieht ht . l - a BI,.j. young County Attorney, Col. JB0 d unusuallv successful in 1 su "ailDIUjJI .itcuu upuu ms counsels in feu,, ui. ax. wiu inaeed soon , Gen. Taylor's Arrival In w J Gen. Zachary Taylor, PresiaJj in Washington City on Friday 1 j immense concourse of cnnU i Hero. From Baltimore, there r,s meet the Presidential cortege it foj Washington is said to be throngtii dent. Geo. TaTLoa'a fpck U tit has been a triumphal march. Hiipj the country has been saluted by the t clamations of a grateful and an ids He has been received, at every the ground-swell of tie popular L with just tributes of praise to hit its has responded to the manifestation; in words full of wisdom, full of pifc unction. The whole country, men of eterj; of thinking, are looking to his admits office of President, with an anxiety o the history of human affairs, for tkt ter has gone beyond the control of 4 now in possession of the heart, mi ms it through the medium of their fttii the anxiety which prevails, does not i the anxiety doubt, or fear. It rathe the anxiety of certainty, an tavmi the promised benefits, which it fel flow from his administration. There is another public Kmnt,i personal appearance in the city i whose counsels of yore hare been test ence to be the fruit of matnred visa the Vice President Elect. Hess seat honored by a long line of 2M though in the present state of pardai chamber, few or no occasioui msyia ercise of his excellent judgment spa tions, the Senate itself will low vent to the Presidency of that body. Old and honorable public sermfi" fidelity to duty we can bear testimaej much we may be opposed to their & ore going off the public stage, and honorable ones are coming on. ft year is drswiug rapidly ros about to succeed it in the dired under new principles of action, 1 principles better calculated to aW liberty. Having full faith a dom, .purity and firmness of Zi We clip the) following just and merited com pliment to one of our Representatives in Con gress, from the correspondence of the Baltimore! predjct fyi liii tirlminintr''"11 To day, the discussion was resumed by Mr, DonnelU who, in the course of his able and pat riotic argument, took occasion to rebuke Mr G id dings for his uncalled for ar.d unmerited at tack opon the presiding officer of the House. Mr. Giddings rose, and asked permission topu the gentleman from North Carolina right, and td say that he made no imputation upon the motives ot tne apeater. Mr. Donnell refused to yield the floor for an such explanations, and so proceeded with hi speech. He spoke with spirit and effect, an handled the great questions, which have bee argued in this debate, with most decided ability. oar. uonneu is, l believe, the youngest mem ber or the House. He looks as young as a boy, with Kl f linrht neinitla,i.Mi ISt. mh.I. L I .. J rather spare form. But young as he looks, anidf is, he is an honor to the District and the State hef comes from. Among the most remarkable consequences of SUch imDrOVemeillB. ia f li a raniftlw i nAr.aoi .i attended the wrong iar.' . tion in which their benefits extend and radiate in A Game of M Poker in California. A friend jusi up irom new urieans, where he met sever al persons who had recently returned from Cal norma, related to us yesterday a very amusin anecdote, which occurred at a card table in th -gold regions" of that countr?. It appears tha iur itcisuu uau sea tea memseives in the mine; to piay a game of poker the ante, as a substi tute for money, being a handful ot gold dust They continued playing some time without ei ther aide winning much. At length one of the party, who had a good hand, went a handful bet ter. I see that, and go a pint better," cried out another, who also had a "strong" band. I see that," responded the first, M and go a qtart better." "Well, I see that,, and go you a GAL LON better,? responded the other. This rather disconcerted bis adversary for a moment, as it "oversized bis pile." But confident in the supe rior strength of his hsnd, he collected together all the gold dust he bad left, and-patting it aside. coolly remarked to one of bia companions t " Here, Jim, watch my pile until f go out and dig enough to call him !" Cin. Chronicle. rjy While the Dos? Law was under discussion in the Massachusetts House of Representatives the other day, says the Lowell Journal, a waggish mem ber seata-private note-to the Speaker, proposing thst the subject should be referred to Messrs Cfcr-tis Bon-tr and Bark-n. ter ana ip-s-' ffftrdH J its present location.ff A hies for usefulness compensation for W
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 28, 1849, edition 1
2
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