'EDITORS CORRESPOXDE'011-
I i U , m.u ?th mr promise w
write, tfier twchin?Lmyoe5,.u. ,MSure
ukate whale iriight afford '"fects a
1 tout leaders, I sUl proceed k of
lone relatire this country, arks
tone relaure tnw -c"vr f ft few remark
8u:wi.hlSaSrflihh South
CHdang North
tormina -f cS',h, S I m??
be coWtion. ihat render ava.l-
able the imiwWwoun floW,g
ders. and to rtardth rap ul em.
Camden, Soutn ."ow and nwrun-
rm that h rWiSSy recur to the slow
YiHe; biitTC; Iaking from eight
nd jong KfaTbShe iaufr will carry
,o ,en lours to i anchville, where Cars run
him in two. iarl:ton. his speed is more
toaJumbiaatoCharieston, . f Gmnibus
earrie .PJK-iiaitT. to Rome, in Floyd
XedSSainst mostly through a beau
?d.rS?eln t. ..nirr. On the road, or
wiKh? . k or two of vt, stands the Stone
SXeSriuAy inde.and worth a nde
S Raleieh to brtiold t. It is a solid rock that
the height ol twemy-w mum . fc
I" tower one hundred ana ein
I fS hh-frn Vhieh. it appeared meJJ
iUTcapitol might almost be seen f
from Augusta to Rome, surpasses and frowns n
SSLee all other works of Internal
nroTement South of the Potomac, and I m Hilton
SSS-H affords travellers, it has brought
into tequisitim an extensive and a very preduc
rive wwtion of the Stale, and presents a
ingacheapid and fonvenienartet to tne
prSduci. of a hitherto valueless region. J t etonfls
irenow eagerly sought after and well culuva ted
A they improve in value, the revenue of the Mate
" increases', and as facilities augment industry, en
terprise, its inseparable concomitant, attends 11.
Georsia has already twelve millions invested in
Rail Road stock, and it is on dependence of her
faith, that the Road from Rome to ( hatanooga,
its terminus on the Tennessee, is : progressing v
This Road will be completed in a few wetKS.thus
opening communication from that River to Au
irasta, Macon and Savannah, her thief commer
cial towns, and taking all the travel of the South
west through the extent of her territory. .
Were North Carolina discarding her sectional
prejudices, and laving aside the party animosity
prevailing on national politics patriofally to
unite in the construction of her corflewpiated
TontM. the same, nay greater benefits, would re-
...i. Tr Q,l1 in ihp Union has it more in its
amu iiu uwv - " . . ,
, : .UA k..lTa1n rmnt nn& mUSOUltO. TO
ke this country altogether, it is a desirable jDne,
and should be settled By poornen wh are com
pelled u work the earth with their own hands j
C herethey can oertafnly make rnoref than they
V I U.,r.iraAa Tirhrt shmifd 1)9 heK.
can spena. i wuw u"- - 7 '
m abundance, instead of where they are m poT-Jl.-j
mnnt Ijind sells low enough,and-stock
IL. ,Kan in North Carolina- I.witt write to4
you again ere long and inforra.tou how thev do
things in this really Democratic State, in whica
omcer is eiecieu uj ui"j,v -
Truly yours,
3 ' W. S. R.
every
people,
WHAT WILL ALWAYS HAPPEN
To a People who content themselves with stan
ding still and crying " Free Trade! give
us Free Trade!!" , ? '
Here we have roughly sketched the re J
flections arising orTa hasty comparison 6( the
progress of North Carolina andMassachusets,
prompting the inquiry as td the former
what disastrous influence is it that has sud
denly checked the growth of this noble con
federate of the Republic ? Of expanded sur
face, various but almost every where delight
ful in her climate, and in all times distin
guished for hospitality and patriofism ; among,
ff not the first, to declare herself in favor of
independence and self'government ; how is
it that during the last decennial period, she
should have halted, like a noble steed sud
denly " let down" in the race ?
Comparisons are odorous, as Dogberry says
in the play but for purposes of politico-economical
inquiry, they are often useful. Let
us then compare the old North with the old
Bay State. In geography, she spreads over
an area three times as large.. In topography
there is a striking resemblance ; according
to Darby, " mountainous in the West, hilly
in the Central, and low and sandy in the Eas
tern sections." In 1790, North Carolina be
gan with a population of 393,371." Massa
chusetts with 37,717. From that tirne to
1830, for forty years, North Carolina contin
ued to widen, the gap. coming out by the
census of 1830, with apopulation of 737,987,
while the old Bay State was short ot her
by 127,579 her population being then but
610,408. But how was it in 1840? say in
fourteen years after Mr. Jefferson said it was
" time to place the manufacturer by the side
of the agriculturist ?" The policy of protec
tion being established by the votes of the
South, Massachusetts wisely determined, as
it was forced Upon her, to make the most of
it, and began, accordingly, to draw the loom
and the anvil close around the plough and
the harrow. Though she had not the great
material of coal, iron, leather or cotton, or
wool, or corn, or beef, she set to work to build
factories : and 'now she makes shoes, and
' , 1 -1
IlZ-i k. Jmlpnendent than she. with a ! piougns, ana spaaes, ana screws ana iacK-
Rail Road to connect with Soulh Carolina, and j planes, and pails and piggins and brooms, and
to run from the mountains to the sea-coast. The j broomrhandles, and combs and almanacs in
western portion is rich, beyond calculation, in I short, what does she not make for the people
coal, lime, and all the precious and valuable met- i of 0j North State, except turpen-
als j the land is rich and prouuees in great vanety CQrn . 4 what is the result ? Why,
! at tho loci aticiic eh Ti'ifl rcnj1v -!nc1 iVio.
srao between them, and instead of beinar 197.-
; 987 behind her, in population, she had re-
.' . . . . IJ I E.-LI-
th
rear;
Ito market.
jere any conven'utt aicaasJof getting
From the middle to the extreme north-west, grass
and clover grow finely, and cattle, sheep, horses
and hogs thrive'as well as in any part of the U ni
' ted States. The Eastern part is unsurpassed in
the production oCfiom, rice, potatoes and peas
its fisheries are truly lucrative, while timber, tur
pentine and tar will always command a fair price,
ffo portion of America affords purer, cooler water,
' better mill-seats and fulls for factories than North
Carolina particularly from the western boundary
to the centre. The climate is healthy and pleas
. ant; fruit of all kinds that grow in the Northern
temperate zone almost comes spontaneously ; to
bacco, wheat, rye, oats, Irish potatoes, beans,
turnips, artichokes, buck-wheat, honey and hees
wax, Slc, &c., might all be advantageously cul
tivated; The Slate is free from debt, her treasu-
- i-- r..n 1 1
ij cpioparauveiy jujj, ner cii zens uneraoarraiseo,
and strange indeed it is, most strange, that an in
Xeihjr eat people should allow demagogues to fan
- the popular breeze to so lamentable an extent as
' to m roive the consideration of all things in na
tional politics, to the prejudice of State interests.
.' .The miserable pretext, for their opposition to all
works of improvement is a professed regard for
the people's interest : they do not want them taxed.
Ajid pitfy who are the people? Do they belong
to these contemptible men, that they dare pre
sume to dictate to them, to deceive them, to mis
represent things to them, and excite their preju
dices and passions, that their own narrow views
and petit ambition may be gratified ? No the
people are the legitimate sovereigns of the land
. and should scowl such pretended patriots away,
assume the reins of government, encourage and
ibster a lofty State pride, and maintain a manly
independence by selecting and electing men of
Virtue and ability. When they shall do this, then,
and not till then, the Slate will flourish, her
citizens prosper, and wealth accumulate, and the
vast efflux of both that now Gil the Western-high
ways will cease. I have extended rov remarks
duced the excess over her to 15,720 ; and
will pass the poll ahead of her in 1350.
And then, will her sons who refuse to read
"The Plough, the Loom and the; Anvil,"
because we point out these things, more in
sorrow than reproach, still shout for "free
trade ?"
Very well, we know the advantage enjoy
ed by Massachusetts in her sea-ports ; but
why did ;that advantage never tell, until she
'determined to seize the benefits held out, e
ven by a precarious system of protection, in
stead of crying for free trade 1 And has not
North Carolina always enjoyed the freedom
of being compelled to send away her corn to
be eaten, and her cotton to be worn, and her
tobacco to be smoked in old England and
New England ; bringing back half their val
ue in hoei and ploughs, and shoes and blan
kets, and cloths, and molasses and onions ?
while her sons and her grandsons pride them
selves on all holding on exclusively upon the
plough, the field-pea, and the pine tree.
Has she not had "free trade" with a ven
geance ?
Now let us see again the effect of diversi
fying employments, and of bringing the con
sumer to take his place by the side of the
producer. Here we behold these two States
maintaining their relative position in the race
for forty years; Massachusetts in fact rather
giving back, her people being, even as late
as 1820, employed in large proportion in ag
riculture, compared with their employments
in other pursuits. Previous to that time.
. J. . ... A A: MikABA !.
Well, it is lot telling ana aemonburAuug
truths in a thousand ways, for the benefit,
nn rf tbft lonni and'' the ! anvil.-: but t)f the
plough, that we are denounced by men whc
make no otner attempt to answer vw i u
ments but by- obloquy and the withdrawal
of their patronage. Yet, do those whose p?
terestsve are incidentally serving, come to
our aid ? We are accused of being " sold
to the manufacturers - How is this ? In
Rhode Island, the manufactures are some
and how many subscribers are there; does
the reader suppose, for "The Plough, tbe
Loom, and the Anvil?" Somewhere, we
believe, short of thirty 1 in Pittsburg, not
half as many ! Well, be it confessed, it is
not their interest per se, that we are laboring
a little .harder ,than any operative' in their
works ; bufc because, as here we have de
monstrated, the prosperity and proximity ot
the loom and the anvil are indispensable to
the welfare of the man at the plough. Yes !
were we called upon in the midst, and by
the united voice of every landholder in the
United States, for whom wc have been la
boring conscientiously for more than thirty
years, to express most sententiously and
frankly our opinion as to what is best for the
farmers and planters of the United States, we
should say, " J ae greatest possible variety of,
and prosperity to, other pursuits, in the near
est proximity to the plough and Hie harrow in
our own country." It was, as we have al
ways avowed, principally to demonstrate this
truth, the understanding of which is indis
pensable to general agricultural improve
ment, that the Editor consented again to
connect his name and to give his whole mind
and faculties to another agricultural periodi
cal one which we fearlessly say deserves
to be read by every agriculturist in the U-
nion, and not the least by those who dissent
from its doctrines, but who are not afraid to
look an argument in the face. Let those
who differ with us show their confidence in
their. opinions by answering our arguments,
not by refusing to hear them.
There need be no poorer land on earth
than is, naturally, much of that of Massachu
setts a sorry and singular combination of
dead-looking sand and stone! But popula
tion will draw the food even from these!
insure to the farmer a ready and steady de
mand at his door, and for the rest you may
leave him to the instinct and promptings of
his own nature. He wilt soon find out how
to increase his crops. Cattle-shows serve
him for amusing holidays. They amuse the
wives and daughters, and give them too, very,
properly, a chance to show their ingenuity
and skill in the handiworks of the butter-la
die and the needle : but the assurance of a
market at hand is the great thing to insure
improvement, for then the land gets back
the refuse of its products ; and these are sold
without ruinous deductions to cover the cost
of transportation. But look again at the
course of things where a people have begun
to realize the advantage of having the pro
ducer surrounded with prosperous consumers
near at hand. In all North Carolina there
are but four towns altogether, with a popula
tion rising above 2000, and of these not one
Troches 5t:00 ! These are :
' Wilmington 4744
Fayetteville. 42&5
Newbera 3690
Raleigh 2444
tin 1 - 1 1
vvnue iuassacnusetts nas six towns iiaing
above 10,000, and fourteen above 2000, of
which ten are above 5000 1 and then look at
their educational statistics :
In 1812, Massachusetts had scholars at the
public charge 158,351
North Carolina 124
Whites unable to read or write in
Massachusetts, 4,448
In North Carolina 5G.609
Then look at their railroads :
North Carolina, with an area three to one,
has 245 miles,
Massachusetts 700 miles,
in which, in 1848, she had inveted-jof capi
tal paid in, $25,889,591, and on which, in
that year, 0,039,828 passengers were trans
ported !
Now, readers, especially our friends of the
old Atlantic States, you must not believe
that we take any pleasure in bringing these
facts before you, but feelingly the reverse
yet you must remember what our office is!
Have we not promised to devote our time
and faculties, for the remnant of our lives,
fearlessly and honestlv, and, God knows,
with heart as well as mind, to lay before
on thU snK.iVrf tn snrt, tVv,. hut a short I nen tne old North State -was Bo onlv hold-
space can be appropriated to observations on tkialing her own, butyathftr owning 4yKgh4 W
M.imrmfiilptdl'it the foot of
the mountains in Alabama, I saw but little, hav
ing traveled during the night in the Stage. From
that place to Gtmter's Landing, on the Tennessee,
the country is mountainous and poor, and inhab
ited by the most ignorant and miserable popula
. tion 1 ever saw. . Gunter's Landing is but an
apology, and a meagre one at that, for a place.
The tavern , is in ccrrrspondence with the place,
and the Steam Boar-, News, that runs between
Gunter and Decatur rorresj on- with the house
they style Tavern. Decatur is a small town that
looks like it bad seen brighter days. The coun
try from Decatur to Tuscumbia is level and rich
beyond the conception of a Wake planter, but it
. is badly Watered. The public conveyance from,
Decatur to Tuscumbia is in a Itail'Road Car
, drawn by two horses, driven tandem. The road
1 from Tuscumbia to Holly Springs runs over a
hilly; broken country, part of it mbch worn and
washed, yet it is so much more productive than
any in North Carolina, that it may be termed rich.
Holly Springs is the prettiest town on the road
it is forty miles from here and there are many
f nlendid olantations and eieirant buildings in cirrht
Tishomingo, Tippah and Marshall counties lie
Wlween this 'and Alabama. The roads were in-
finrtely better than I expected, and all things
.: seemed abundant. Corn was selling in Holly
Springs at one dollar per barrel ; here, owing to
the scarcity of cleared land and the great desire to
make large crops of cotton, it commands two dol-
larSwTlus,. however, is a finer corn region. .1
: have seen three hundred barrels criltbed from scv
enty acres of high-land that had but one clou?h
ing. Stock live well here, for I have not seen a
poor bog -nor a poor cow in ihe fJCat(v; Oxen
grow 10 an enormous size, ana are.mocn-used by
. the planter- Water is scarce in the' streams in
dry weather, but ibe planters hare good wells for
taeir families and holes dug about their plaata
tbns from: which stock are watered. There are
no water mills in twenty or thirtr miles of this :
corn is ground by horse power and the mills are
generally attached to the cotton gins. From
. Memphis, fifty miles above, as good flour is ob
tained at 5 SO as you use in Raleigh. There is
- no telling how much cotUm can be made here per
- bci.oi guou year; as irgn as eigiu Dajes, or
four thousand pounds of eotton in the Jinf, have,
I am assured, been gathered. The crop is much
.. more abundant here than was expected after the
' Jate frost 'and continued rains in the spring and
ummet;, I bare seen a good deal of land that
wiil make from a thousand, to fourteen hundred
per acre.- The fall has been mild and pleasant,
90 general effective frost yet, and the cotton is
beautiful. The whole country is full of partridges,
Squirrels, turkeys, doves and pigeons, and deer
: pre plentiful in certain places. From a lake about
fifteen miles distant in the Mississippi valley, all
Sualities of fine fish are caught, and around it
cer, bear and wolves are killed. The soil about
the lake known. here as Per Con Lake is rep
resented as remarkably fine, but it is not cultiva-
s. - a! i.1 ..
iweeu mem, me . sons 01 jviassacnuseits, in
want of custom for the products of the plough,
were swarming on to loose ior wild honey in
the West. They thought the hi ve was crow
ded. "Thus we see, that in 1820, she had
employed at the plough and the spade, 63.
460; and at the loom and the anvil, only
33,464. Then she stood 127,l;0O behind
North Carolina in population, but gc when
she changed her system, and determined to
diversify ewptyymentsto bring the consum
er near to the producer, that she might les
sen the cost of transportation and exchange,
and return to the land (the great machine
of production) the refuse of its products ; see
how, like magic, a change comes over
her dream ! At the time to which we have
referred, the proportion employed in North
Carolina was, in agriculture, 174,196, man
ufactures, 11,844. Well, now the bugle
sounds for another heat the judges take
their stand, and how do these gallant sisters
come out at the close of it in 1840 ? Mas
sachusetts now only 15,720 behind; her
population had shot up from 610,408 in l3ft,
to 737,699 in 1840 ; having increased in on
ly ten years 127,21 ; while North Carolina,
in the same period, had increased only 15,
43S ; having gone from 737,987 up to 7o3,
419. But see again how differently the two
people had been employed. Massachusetts
had nearly trebled her manufactures, there
by placing the consumer withhvreach of the
producer. As between these two classes
and the products of their industry, it was
here's one and there's tie other, andW lands
more than double in value. While Nprth
Carolina had in the meantime increased her
proportion of agriculturists to manufactures ;
those employed in agriculture being in 1S40,
217,095; in manufactures, only 14,322; or
one at the loom and the anvil for fifteen at
the plough ; one consumer for fifteen produ
cers! Massachusetts an equal number of
L-it t a it- r .
ovui. xues noi uns snow now indispensa
ble to the growth and prosperity of Stales is
diversity of occupation! and' how diversity
of occupation leads to increase of population,
and how increase of population lead to the
establishment of schools, to the laying down
of railroads, and the creation of wealth by
tbe power of steam, which again virtually
doubles and redoubles population" a thousand
times, in as far as augmenting the products of
industry is concerned ; increasing the value
pf land in proportion, until now, land at any
point, on any Toad three mUes from the Bos
ton market-house, commands $1000 an acre !
you, as well as we can comprehend them
the true causes of agricultural decline and of
tqfriuuii urai prosperity : ana seeing nere,
that.where people who have Jby nsJjirfiLjalr
most no laciufies lor it, betake themselves
to the manufacture of our raw materials
sending them back to you after deducting all
the prohts of manufactures, seeing, I sav,
these people who, like you, were formerly
sticklers for free trade, now diversifvinf their
labour, and every year, increasing the num
ber of consumers in proportion to produ
cers, tneir tana all the while becoming enrich
ed and enhaunced in value ; "should we not
be recreant to cur own duty, and humiliat
ed in our own esteem, if we failed to wam
you to take this question of the developmen
of your own resources and the protection o:
your own industry out of the hands of po-
i:! 1 i 1 T "11 "
uutai partisans ana ouice-jooDers, into your
own keeping? How easy would it be for
us to turn to the index of one of our own old
volumes of ' the American Farmer,' twenty
five or thirty years ago, and tell you from
tnat, now to " and breed fattening hogrs,
u n ii 1 P '
uuw wen moy uinve on pumpicins, now
a " Mr. Peck made one hundred and twen
ty-four bushels of corn an acre," and " John
Bellenger 1 19" in 182 1 , while in 1 fc49, twen
ty-seven years after, the Marvland State
Agricultural Society gives one of its highest
premiums ior a little more than half that ! I
might reprint for your inspection the valua
ble papers committed to me bv that emin
ently worthy and distinguished friend of ag
riculture, G. VV. Jeffreys of North Carolina,
in 1820, where, even on the subject of turn
ip-culture, may be found one of the best pa-
pcis uim was uppearea in any country at any
time. I could show you how, twenty-eio-ht
years ago, Warner Washington, of Virginia,
made fifty-five bushels of wheat to theacre,
but what good would all that do ? what
would there be in it new and'profitable or avail
able? What we want is market consum
ers close by, here at home, growing up a
roond us under circumstances and measures
within our own control. Will vou then, far
mers of North Carolina, continue to cry "free J
uauc lAmunue 10 sena away your pro
duce out of your own State, to New Eng
land and to old England, you losing the cost
of transportation ; or will you enforce a policy
that will compel the manufacturer of Eu
rope, whether it be of the cjqth pr of Iron,
tp come to you and manufacture the wool
and the cotton of your own fields, the iron
cf your own mines, and yotjr own mutton,
your eggs, and your butter, your potatoes
and turnips ? for this yu may rely on it is
the true road, after all", that will ultimately
enable u all to advocate free trade. . Where
the loom and the anvil are close to the plough, dissolved. rThe Union could not be held fe
milk fetches as much perounias butter does gether ; itwas notm. tlje powerof its best
in North Carolina, where all are at the plough : friends m the South tohold it together, if slave
and nobody comparatively at any thing else, j ry in the District of Columbia was abolished
express'their
it you believe in these docmnes,. - wy iU
of, and help us alonffVwith this plough; If. begged Northern gentlemen to
you don't, tell a m.V'ltl I
uenuuuauuu ivir. uttuuxs, ui ixew j one, saiu,
hft f.nntont with rnAPA nftked
and abuse for. if affectionate admiration,
f homage for their hosritaUty. their cour
age, their probity and.their patriotism, ever
was well rooted in tlm-heart of man, such
sentiments have ever! beenlmcradicaDiy nx
ed in ours, for the-people of the Southern
States as a people! We. have eat salt with
them, and we think we know them. We
are, in fact, ourselves, bone ot tneir none ana
flesh of their flesh, bat thatonly , makes us
the more regretfully the jonger the
content themselves wPW.f0"""''
sending all tha productsof; their lands to be
sold far away from their lands, the further will
they fall back in the wake of other States ra
the race of industry and progressive improve
ment. To show that we do not exaggerate,
hear the eloquent lamentations ot Judge
Strang:, himself among the most gifted and
devoted sons of the oldNofth State, in an ad
dress recently pronouaced to the gentlemen
of the Literary Societies of Davidson College
an address, that, had rc the power, we would
cause to be prefixed to every scnoot-ooojc in
the State ;
But amon? the educated portion of our
people, this want of State pride is sadly con
spicuous. Its monuments are around us in
every direction. In our unquelled forests-
in our deserted furms-in Our dilapidated vil
lages in our decreased' representation in the
-.p . . .. .'1 xr
.National Legislature. A large pan 01 our
products are ascribed abroad to other States.
Thev deck themselves, as it were, in the
plumage of which they have despoiled us.
We share little in the profits derived from
converting our rawTikri into articles xf
immediate use, -of; serjdmgf-hem to foreign
markets, and making those exchanges which
of themselves alone hatfe rendered so many
nations, both ancient and modern, proud, pros
perous, and happy. A great portion ot our
leiiow-cuizens are enrichinar. wixn uieir uti
as Mr.
Stephens, of Georgia, asked fcr the expres
sion of opinion from Northern gentlemen, he
should have his. As to the abolition of sla
very in the District of Columbia, he had,
with a colleague of his, publicly expressed
his opinion at a lage public dinner in the
city of New York, that it was not expedient
to press any such efforts now. So far, on
this point, he agreed with the resolution for
the time being ; and as for the application
of the Wilmot Proviso to California, he could
see no necessity for that now, inasmuch, as
California had passed such a prohibition of
slavery for herself. It was one thin alto
gether to pledge himself or his party friends
to a negative that is, to say what they
would not do. If Maryland abolished slave
ry
the arentleman from Georgia even would
LATER FROM CALIFORNIA.
j The steamer Crescent City has arrived at
New York from Chagres, with dales from
California to the .2d November, i
iThe Constitution for the State of Califor
nia has been adopted aod published.
The reports from the gold region contin
ue to be encouraging. The health of the
miners was generally good, with the excep
tion of occasional slight attacks of dysentery.
The estimate of the number of persons at
the mines runs up to 0,000. ',;
Many vessels had arrived at San Francis
co from Europe and Vie United States.
There were in port a hundred British ves
sels. .
The Crescent City brings a million of dolt
lars-' worth of gold dust, besides nearly half
t- 1 .1 1 " .
as mucn more in tne nands ot passengers, the
number of whom is about 160.
Some thirteen hundred persons, on their
way to California, passed through Chagres
the 25th and 26th of November. One hun
dred are now there, waiting a passage to California.
not object to its abolition in the District of
Columbia. Why then pledge ourselves for
all time to a negative ? Then as to Califor
nia or New Mexico first, it might not be
necessan' to legislate at all ; next, an effort
might be 'tnade there to enclave Indians,
Sandwich Inlanders, or Mexicans, to make
them work in the mines. To all that spe
cies of slavery the whole country was op
posed. Why then require apledge from the
Whig members of Congress, who might even
be in the minority, that they would not pass
iiny law prohibiting any sort of slavery ?
Mr. Clixgman, of North Carolina, was
favorable to the resolution, and should vote
for it, if pressed so to do ; but he regretted
its introduction here, and hoped Mr Toombs
would withdraw it.
Mr.. Toombs said he had well considered
this whole matter, and under no circumstan
ces should be withdraw it. He hoped to see
it met, fairly and manfully.
Mr- Ashmun, of Massachusetts, remark
ed that, though he was in favor of the Wil
mot Proviso and of abolishing slavery wher
ever it could be constitutionally abolished,
yet he was not for making any such things
a test for the National Whig Party, and when,
in Massachusetts, such a thing had been at
tempted at the Spriugfield Convention, he,
in common with Mr. lYinlhrop and others,
power over most hearts, seems had successfully resisted any such new in-
un an indefinite signification, terpolation into the Whig creed.
ents and their wealth, other States, and in the
same degree impoverishing their own, by a
cha ge of dotnicil. Yes, the North Caroli
nian wanders from his native land, and
leaves the sweet fields of his childhood with
scarce a tear of regret. Home ! that word
of such magic
to have with hun
or at least to know no limit but the wide
spread regions where the stars and stripes of
America are seen to wave."
After all, the truth is great : let us hope
that it will prevail. Forr ourselves, we will
follow wherever she appears to lead ; even
though it should be on.. the back track.
Fools only believe themselves infallible
they only are ashamed to retract, when con
vinced of their error. t
the whig Caucus.
From the pen of onei wb"o doubtless had
the advantage of being present at the delib
erations of the Whig Representatives in Con
gress, assembled in convention at the Capital,
we find in the New York - Express the fol
lowing interesting report of what passed on
that occasion. We copy it because we are
sure that our readers will take a deep interest
in any thing that may serve to shed light
upon the predicament in which the House
of Representatives now finds itself:
Washington, December 2.
The Whig Delegation gathered in caucus
at the Capitol on Saturday evening, accord
ing to previous notice, and ajl Whigs proper,
or Whigs quasi, then in the city, were there.
A calm, collected, and unanimous expres
sion of feeling was expeet4d,as from a band
of brothers assembling for a common purpose,
to present a common front against a common
enemy; but, much to the. amazement of all,
save those in the secret, the Hon. Mr. Toombs,
of Georgia, struck a note that startled the at
tention of all.
As soon as an organization took place, and
after a short preliminary address, setting forth
that he had well considered what he was
about, and that, as a matter of duty, he could
not avoid it and would not withdraw it, Mr.
Toombs, of Georgia, offered the following
resolution:
" Resolved, That Congress ought not to pass
any law prohibiting slavery in the territories of
California or New Mexicti.nor any law abolish
ing slavery in the District of Columbia."
No sooner had the Secretary read this re
solution, than an intense7 excitement was a-
I roused ; but jt. did nolrftxcess iljssjf in action,
7 or in violent words buFardiscussion ensued,
and, as I understand, tha calmest and coolest
in manner, taking all things into considera
tion, ever known under such circumstances.
The Whigs were not at first certain what Mr.
Toombs was after what he meant what
was intended by him and his associates but
it soon became manifest that unless the Cau
cus took in this, as its own firebrand, and
adopted it as its own, Mr Toombs & Co.
would take up their beds and walk.
Mr. Stanly, of North. Carolina, was the
first to start in opposition ; for, as a Southern
man, as he well said, there could be no doubt
what he thought on these subjects ; but this
was no place for the discussion this was no
time and he therefore mored to. lay the re
solution upon the table.
The first Northern raarVwhb had any thine
to say was the Hon Mr. Duer, of New York.
He was surprised to find here an effort to
found a party upon an exclusive slavery test,
when the Whig party in the North had dis
claimed any such tesj, and , repeatedly de
clared that it consideretTTt a national, not a
sectional party, and were unwilling to found
a party on such a test. It was well known
that the Whigs differed on the subject of
slavery, as they did upon many other thino-g
as to which they bad not agreed to act to
gether, and as a national party they did not
expect to coerce individuals to think alike on
such exciting questions. ' ;
Mr, Stephens, of Georgia, pressed the a
doption of the resolution. It was unneces
sary now, he urged, for - Northern or Wes
tern Whigs to be pressing the Wilmot Pro
viso upon Congress. California was about
to present a constitution,- "which would save
them the necessity there, and spare them
from inflicting upon the South any KUCh
mortification. When thU territory was about
to be acquired by an unconstitutional war.
he oppposed the war, in common with near
ly all the Whig party, among other things
because it must lead to the acauisition of
ritory, in which, if slavery were admited or
excluded, it must-jeopard the ; peace of this
Union. At.he m farms th.4ery state of
things, the inevitable Tesuft.dTlthe war, now
existed. As to slavery in the District of
L,oiumDia--,a mauerin principle to the South
Mr. Conrad begged Mr. Stanly to with
draw his motion to lay upon the table ; which
he did, when he substituted for it a motion
to postpone. This, amid cries of " question."
" question," was carried ; nearly the.who'.e
caucus rising for the postponement, and on
ly eight in the negative, being three gentle
men from Georgia, Mr. Hilliard, of Alabama,
and four others, w hose names I have not
yet bean able to ascertain.. -When
this vote was announced, Mr.
Toombs, of Georgia, rose and left the r
and with htm four other genilemeifPyho
subsequently followed by. Mr. Hillfd-of
Alabama, who said he left to avoid misrepre
sentation, but that he should take pleasure
in voting for Mr. Winthrop for Speaker. v '
This Hegira of the five or six members
from the Whig caucus of course created an
intense sensation. It was only spoked, of,
however, as " an unfortunate event," "a sad
occurrence," or " assuming of a great res
ponsibility," " a sign of bad omen," &c., but
no reproaches, were indulged in. Every
thing had been discussed in the best of tem
per.
The Hon.
Mr'. Vinton, of Ohio, then in
troduced the following resolution :
" Resolved, That this meeting do nomin
ate the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop as the
Whig candidate for Speaker of the House of
Representatives in the 31st Congress."
The resolution Mr. Vinton prefaced with
remarks highly complimentary to Mr. Win
throp, and then the caucus adjourned, sub
ject to the Call of Mr. Morehead, the chairman.
of the utmost tmportancc--aU he had to say
was, and he said it not in threat but in sor,
row, and . for jinforraation,that, if attempted
and persisted m by th mn. Vho now had
power-.that is, the numerical majority in
this Union the Union inUst a d would 'be
WONDERS OF THE TELEGRAPH.
We were present a few evenings ago at
the Coast Survey Astronomical Station, on
Capitol Hill, which was put in telegraphic
connexion with Cincinnati, for the pur
pose of determining the longitude between
the two places. The electrical clocks in this
city and Cincinnati having been introduced
into the completed circuit, every beat at Cin
cinnati was recorded at almost the same in
stant on Saxton's revolving cylinder in this
Uixaniln every beat of the clock here was
recorded in like manner upon Mitchetrs ic
volving plate at Cincinnati. At the moment
a star passed , the meridian at Washington,
by the touch of a key, the record of the pas
sage was made upon the disk at Cincinnati,
as well as upon the cylinder at the Wash
ington station, and difference of the time of
the two clocks would of course indicate the
difference of longitude. The distance be
tween the two cities, let it be recollected, is
upwards of five hundred miles ; this distance
was annihilated, events happening at. the
one bei ginstantly recordedby automatic mar
chinery at the other. The interchange of
star-signals was soon interrupted, however,
by the intervention of a cloud at Cinci ati,
a d the remainder of the eve i g occupied
by the gentlemen present in a philosophical
discussio . on the subject of the velocity of
the trai'smissio 1 of electricity. We were
ever more impressed with the power of the
telegraph to a ii.ihilate space, a d bri g i to
i- sta t me tal communicatio 1 i dividuals
separated by hundreds of miles.r-JVof. Int.
HONOR TO WHOM HONOR, &c.
By reference to the list of Delegates to the
North Carolina Rail Road Convention, our
readers cannot fail to see numbered some of
the State's brightest jewels those who have
always been steadfast and true to her amid
the many changes time always brings to eve
ry commonwealth. But it was cheering to
us to see our highest citizens laying aside
party, uniting in a labor so eminently con
nected with the high honor and elevation of
the State which gave them birth-- as a North
Carolinian we were proud to see it. Time has
been when party-, held them asunder per
sonal intercourse, it may be, was suspended
but now they stand shoiilder to shoulder,
uniting their efforts. in a 'cause more holy
than the party struggles of the day, more
important, dearer to the true hearts which
beat in their bosoms. And can we, who
look on and see this, fail to .perceive that
there is. a better day coming for them and
,for us i Have we not reason to be proud of
the example they set us? And ought we
"not to lay aside our prejudices, come up,
and take part and lot, to the best of our abil
ities, in this great weak, and aid in pushing
forward the ball of improvement ? Our State
may become Great, Prosperous, and Free !
What North Carolinian but wishes to see her
so ? Or can refuse to aid in making her so ?
."' Times,
" "6' IO iiv. l:r
Wednesday, D3ceQb5tli
fit n CTln -rm- - 1
THE SPEAKTin "J S
In another
MR; CLAY'S SPEECH.
In our account yesterday of the cordial
greeting between this gentleman and his
numerous friends, we had time only to allude
briefly to his remarks on the occasion. An
intelligent friend, who happened to be near
him, reports to us that Mr. Clay remarked
substantially as follows :
"He had received, while in Philadelphia, a
very kind letter signed by many of his warm
friends here, inviting him to give the citizens
of Baltimore an opportunity to wait upon
him ; and he had at once and most cordially
accepted the invitation, both because it en
abled him to lulfil a promise to do so, made
by him on a former occasion, and from a
gratifying conviction that he had in this city
a large number of devoted, ardent, political
and personal friends. He always felt, when
he came anions the citizens of Baltimore,
that he was among friends to Maryland he
was indebted for his " better half," and here
he was always at home. The letter which
he had received alluded, in very kindrterms,
to his return to the Senate, and tsjcertain
grave and important questions thatiare likely
to occupy the attention of Congress during
the coming session. He alluded tthe ques
tion of slavery, in connection vVrlh the re
cently acquired territories of California and
New Mexico. On the one hand, it was ur
ged that a Congressional enactment was in
dispensable to prevent the institution of slav
ery from taking root in these new territories,
while another party contended .as earnestly
that such an act would be unconstitutional,
because it would deprive them of their l ight
to take their slaves there. He deprecated
the agitation of this subject. There appear
ed to him to be no substantial foundation for
tha few-thai the institution of slavery would
ever exist in these territories, and especially
in California. The character of the country,
its population, the industrial pursuits of that
population, every thing connected with that
country, seemed to him to forbid the idea
that slaverjr would be introduced there; but
the agitation, in connection with the subject,
seemed to have assumed a grave aspect, and
there are some who went so far as to talk of
disunion a disunion of the States of this
glorious confederacy. The thought to his
mind was full of horror. No iilr which could
be entailed upon a nation no evils of which
the imagination could conceive, could justify
a remedy so desperate a remedy bringing
in its sad train such a host of calamities and
ruinou results. War would be one of the
first Consequences of disunion a war be
tween these States a war horrible in its
character and dreadful in its consequences
a fraticidal war entangling foreign alliances
entered into by the severed States ofjhe re
public the destruction of the true interests
of the States themselves, and finally the erec
tion upon the ruins of their former greatness
of a military depositism.
And when the future historian came to re
cord the cause of our downfall, he would find
that it had been written in that of Greece
in that of her Philip and her Alexander.
(Renewed and continued applause.)
Whatever else he might or' might not do in
his place in the Senate, he would pledge him
self that there was one position which he
would occupy : that of bold and earnest de
fence of the sacred interests involved in the
preservation of the Union of the States! At
this point Mr. Clay drew himself up to his
full height, and enunciated this sentiment
with the full volume of his magnificent voice;
thereby giving it an emphasis that made every
heart thrill, and it was responded to by cheer
after cheer of tumultuous. applause.
Mr Clay then said that he had spoken
more fully upon this point perhaps, than he
should have done upon such an occasion, but
the subject was one of so grave a character
that he had not been able to avoid an allu
sion to it, especially as it wTas one of the
points referred to in the letter of invitation
which he had received.
Mr. Clay's remarks wrere listened to with
the deepest attention by the crowd that filled
the spacious rooms, and he spoke with great
earnestness and eloquence. The scene was
in the highest degree interesting, and it was
evident to all that while " the old man elo
quent" had lost none of that wonderful pow
er which has ever enabled him to sway at
will the hearts of his auditors, neither the
lapse of years nor the reverses of political
life, had weakened one jot the earnest and
heartfelt affection of the people.
Baltimore American.
thentic account nf tKo ' . PParenth
ofWhi
n 1 n
ig membprs of ihp H.,.. """Cj
m congress. We have !
With TVra ' 11
...... 1, irici U
wilrj fit mil. rt'
Will
"Pn anr nrn.i- T,lt
than....
a m- --II III inn L m
Messrs. Toombs, Stephens. (V ?
bard and Morton, to co-operate wi h
jonty of the Whi i. .
Mr. Winthrop. The ca r
these six gentlemen from the counlN
iitical associates, it seeras. Wa, ,1
rence of the Caucus in t. , .
... 4 iir. . 1 itt .
Mr. Toombs, which, in , 7
party, as a parly, to resist , Hii
for the restriction ofslavm-in ,1.
the abolition of it in the Dislr; rf
The introduction ofihn .
elicited much discussion w ,,n,.,,..,U
timpnts nf itno iU.. .
"ic most nro,; 1
WllLTS srntinipntc .
3 ""I UH.1I. TIB .f.. ,
forded us mucii rrnt;i;,,;...
. jj.uwiiwiuun. Tji
THE CRY OF WOL
A Washington corresjlWfnt of a South
ern paper states that both parties of the South
are united in their purpose to resist any far
ther aggressions upon the slave states, and
that danger to the Union is at hand. But
the difficulty is, according to this writer, that
the North don't belive a word of Southern
determination, and expect it all to end in gas.
The fact is, that there has been so much va
poring and threatening heretofore with such
" lame and impotent conclusions," that the
North may be pardoned for its present deri
sive incredulity. The cry of "Wolf! Wolf!"
has been so often raised, that when the ani
mal is really at hand, no one w-ill be prepar
ed for him. Less talk'and more action would
have anchored the Southern Ark on a poli
tical Aararat yoars ago. Rich. Republican.
RISE OF PROPERTY.
v The Hornets' Nest says that the price of
property in Unarlotte nas gone up very muou,
in consequence of the prospect of the Rail
road's comins there. The same effect, it
says, has also been produced in Salisbury.
Several lots with houses on them have chang
ed hands in Charlotte at large advances on
former values ; and real estate had been sold
within the week af 100 and 15a per cent
more than it would have brought five
ago. HillsborQ' Recorder.
Ashmun.orTn:;n.Kiioti. - '"M
tiou of slavery had been ,iMj
the WlliMoflhpXnr.n
3- - -"Vim, a.ii nnnil.., ,
cation ot the tpst n,im r,- ..
- F,"FuirPnUk.J
From the remarks of Mr. S,,phras J1
WP linvp an inrlif.it;, . .!.. .1 .. ' '""l
uiHXTui tne tvesolution, anJtho
Kirn I7ie in f i' ... ... .V
essay longer to assail Sou;hen. inier J
ritnnpw fir iha Di.i.;..! iv.
Bnt.Jiowevertrue tins may be. such
tip v was inappropriate lo ihe frieaJlj-
of a great national party, and morpi,,
ihe business to be done, Vas simplytke J
tion of a canJiJatp for Speaker of tbe H
Representatives.
- From all accounts, it docs not ap?!Bfc
six impracticable-we can call tbetnlofc
gentlemen, made any serious olijcctioR b
Wimhrop ; indeed, one of them, Mr.IIife
Alabama, said, on leaving the caucus,"
sboulJ take great pleasure iu votm; forllr.1
throp for. Speaker." It will not
four of them voted lor dim, two years Wb ,
every objection urged against hun by h pd
enemies at the Soulh, was fresher, anj ifo
stronger. And it will lie recolL-cied tten
these four, Mr. Cabell, of Florida,
long and able letter in the " National Inri
cer," in vindication of his vole fur Mr.
wfifcli was satisfactory to tne mind of evarii
and ingenuous man. In the able, impartala
tinguished administration of Mr. Wynhroj
the presiding officer of the Hou time w
sented no.'act at which the most scnipufc
fastidious friend could reasonably tike ma
The course pursued by Mr. Toombj vrat
unfortunate. Such a resolution thrown intti
cus, composed as this was, could only lartf
under any circumstances, an '' apple of dw
but, when, if not its object, its'uJenoy.ii
defeat a gentleman whom Whigs of all
have been pleased to honor, an whose ms
purity -of character and great nationality as
ment have reflected much honor ontbe p
which he belongs, it could notdofllitt
create deep sensations, 'and, perhaps, pibj
trust and alienation. Its aJvocatrs harcp
nothing. They have not had the saiafaif
defeating Mr. Wimhrop, for their votescodi
have elected him ; nor have they enjoyed tk
umph if such it may be called of carryn'
them a .number of Southern Whigs bas
to arouse any serious alarm in the minds1,
thern politicians. We cannot believe ifal
-will continue to oppose Mr. Winthrop, wl
cu instances shall place it in their pown
him. . They happen all tob", like bim, t
pure, elevated characters. They all mi
cede that, as a thoroughly versed parlana
and as a courteous, high-minded gentfeD
Wimhrop has no superior, and but
upon the floor of the House. They ill b ;
fearlessly, manfully, and eloquently I &
tended against :he assults of the abetosk
in his own district. They are aware,
has refused to be dictated to by the abdia
and that his eloquent voice has often I"
'in the Old Cradle of Liberty," and rajj
ty, in behalf of the just and equal rifhts
lions of the Union; and more-thatM'
dings, Allen, Root & Co., will never f
Winthrop, because he will not jo'81
against the institutions of the Souih,
manner countenance such a crusade-
"The Plough, ths Loom and tinJ
Ifanv reader desires totiavea"r
the title of this powerful advocate for
ment and cultivation m
becoming, as Gen. Jackson said to J
of this State, in 1824, a little more
ized" and "less subject thepol:CT
i i- rami mi? aw-
vlorphanN ' IPL mm if -
till I v J
copy to-day, from the last
standing still and crying jree
Editor undertakes to snow - -pen
to the people, who cooient J
9
. . . urh weDe'""'
In the journal w - . foflJ
it.
iseh
it m
itor, Mr. SHS5M, pre"" ' V
gUment,couclusivePr;1-::
thrive, in its Agriculturatu , M
lects to give encouragement o u
Wnile be gives not less rf
number, to rAgnculu.
in. his nrincipal oDjeci
sLst0napolicy of governmeoi
Onerous consumers cw-
every i
years.
of the
Plough
and if JJ
ducers
mi
TSZ Address thel
I ill M j
We are req
complimentary to
on Friday next.
VERY TIGHTLY BOUND