gEATON GALES j
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR,
THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
TTvm nlans of fair delightful peace.
gg,rp'd by party rage o 1
RALEIGIt. N C
: Saturdays Deo. 14, 1850,
from the Dily Jiegttter of Thursday.
SlAiu..
ii.no.tthe entire sitting of the House, on yes-
I' WM consumed in the prolonfation of the by
. i .... jiii Mr. Bridgera Resolutions. It will be
Gen. Saunders , wta still addressing the
'it the moment oi .ujuu. u..h . " and
uio ivMi-i- " m
u, Clarke, in the Senate and Mr. Avery, in the cf
nuitf iiitroauceu. ivv.u..v.,. v.. .
question, as from the minority of the Com-
' ja whom that subject was referred. These
,utions affirm the right; (whether Constitution,
T Revolutionary, we are not informed,) of a
j. f-m th Union. under certain cir-
fanioxwKU' .
-jances, the occasion and the circumstances to
assembled. The ieport wa full and em
many views as to the theory of our Govern-
the Constitutional rights of the respective
IS . . . .i.
and the duties oi we t .
h have been unable t to obtain, much leas
jtsumtte, the Keporc anu ivwiuuuim ouuuimivu
"tl'" " .
. .. y. IV. U ... tL. w
7""-"J - , . . , I
i,h. m.inntv oi me ijuiuiuhw:-. . . . ,
uwinir. however, to be the suosiance oi me re-
flutions recommended j The preamble affirms
" ' - . . i
the unaltered attachmenti of tlie people or Worth
fcrolinsto the Union andj the ConstituUon; and de
Urei their willingness to'abide by the compromise
Beaures adopied by the last Congress, though
aunt oi ineui maj uui.w? wm... - r
if the people of the South, as meting out equal
mstice to the Southern section of our country.
The Resolutions express the determiuation of
"forth Carolina to adhere; to them as a whole, but
if Congress should repeal, or partially modify the
foritire slave Dill, so as w maao iw provision, in-
operative, or should abolish slavery in the District
rfColumbia, or mterdictthe suve trade between
tl SUtes, or refuse to admit into the Union any
Mir Mate because or its reeogruiion oi slavery
on the happening of either event,the Governor is re-
quired to convene the Legislature to take into eon- I
deration the mode and banner of redress. One I
of the resolutions proposes to lay a tax on all ar-
tive brought into this State of the growth, man- J
uficture or product of the non-alaveholding States, j of
The above is a mere outline of the action of the
Committee. The various Reports, &c.,have been
ordered to be printed and made the special order
of th day for JJonday next As soon as we can
procure them, we will endeavor to lay them in tx
tato before our numerous readers.
Gen. Saunc'ere continued hit remarks in oppo
' wk)D to the Resolutions ot Mr. Bridgers, at much
Idfth, on Thursday, land was listened to with
pofuund attention by si large auditory.
Gen. S. took decided ground against any at
tempt to obstruct the progress of the Central Rail
Roid.and defended this p.n w"b his usual
iWity. He spoke Warmly of the advantages
which wuuld accrue to the Slate from the con
iimciioc of the Road j and, in vindicating' him
teif from the charge of inconsistency relative to
lis course upou the contemplated extension to
New hern, avowed hist entire willingness to vote
for such a connection,; with a, liberal subscription
ob the part of the Slate.
It will give us pleasure to publish the Speech
fGen. S., if it is to be written out fur publication.
We have no disposition, in view of the stand
rbich he assumed oh yesterday, te retort with
BBch acrimony on the! allusions which he is said to forming a National Government to be broken up at gress were toUlly inadequate to the indispensable ob
hire made to this paper, on Wednesday evening, nleasure. but for the permanent benefit of each and jects of a National Government. The defects of the
Whatever his past tenriversations and inconsis- l
ieocies. f.md their name is legion.') he seems now I
iobe on the right track , and, while he remains on
, v ... m -
it, so far as we 'are concerned, we are willing to
ay to him " God speed."
It it with unalloyed gratification that we an
nounce the result of the vote on the indefinite post
puoenient of these resolutions
T-.; , k I
litis opposition to ie Central Road the great
ssiratiuc of North Carolina been frowned down
ihe representatives ol the People. We sin
eeiely hope, for the credit of the State, that it may
not be again revived.
INGENIOUS INYKNTION.
W called in at tJi TelTarjh Office, on vesterdav.
to e a new invention called the 44 HoUl Telegraph,"
eriginated and patented by Mr. Joshua E. LtJMSDKjr,
f Uii City, well known for his fine mechanical ge
VT4o not know when we have been more
strongly impressed with the great importance, use-
fullest, and uniqueness too of any invention that this
ge of Progress m art and science has produced.
The apparatus works upon the principle of the
. Magnetic Talegraph-t-the wires from the Battery,
(placed iu some out-of-the-way place,) connecting with
. the plate, iu the office of the Hotel, on which the
"P numbers are fixed, and radiating to every quar-
t of the House. The slightest pressure on the knob
ad of the wire, in each room, communicating, as it
with a magnet attached to the number of the
mora on the plate, causes the number to drop, while 1
additional contrivance strikes the belL The whole
tniment presents a beautiful and ornamental ap
pearance, s
The apparatus, like the Enunciator, now in common
e in the first-class Hotels of tlie country, requires
but one bell in calling a servant from any room in an
rf kl t.l.rv, . J ... 1 .1
uruVr r
simultaneously exhibiting the number of the room
nJ . ,.'
stnking the bell once. Its advantages over all
Woers seem to be, I
1st In fitting up it requires no cranks for turnings
o tlie wires, while jthe wires may pursue the shortest
veuient course, j
tud When once put up, the wires have no motion,
f course, and are therefore free from wear and tear
od from getting deranged.
0 From rbe allusion to the 'Regi8ter," by the
toeinbr from Wskeotn polit ical Quixote, we
e glad to see our arrow sticking in lut tide.
his gentleman, .whose excitement we have had
ecasion before to deplore, has been astride of his
L:i. - . . t.
" praucing itoan lor the last two aays, ana u
ft,,t wuh the strength of a Sampson with his eyes
out, alt lesst with his blindness, has been laying
"?ht and left. With float erect, and eye un
eauMed, be has been charging the serried ranks
hie adversaries. Whig! aud Democrats, who
were opposed to Internal Improvement and if it
possible for us to praise one who was at the
sine time ssgreat a political sinner, andei vie saint,
we sliaukJ be strongly templed, by his late speech
on Internal Improvements, loerect to hira a mon
tment mre p$rmniuJ' Any how,, we ' hae
kcontrtinlilk atav nmsthlnir in his favrur. link
kr tlx:
projier
leading.
ft
-
Volume Lit.
SECESSION.
We me room toay.fpr the publication of Mr.
g,lftnnr(iV fwh. unm, th rolrlhn 5nt,u
himMln and whkh heretofore aipeared
are other m Mr. g... Spe4ch
Resolutions, to which ws cannot yield our assent
we simply propose, in connection with the publication
hit Speech, to examine the doctrine set forth in the
igcona oi inose nesoiuuons, via: ine consuiuuonai
right of a State to teeede from the Union. !
If nothing more is meant by Mr. a, and those who
advocate the right of secession, than that the people of
a State have a natural and unalienable right to resist
by force law which are intolerably oppressive and
. . , -,. . . v
then there U do aubatantial difference between ua. But
we call this revolution. - -.
To say that a State baa a eonatitnttoual right to se
cede and break up me Union, because this was a pow
er she never surrendered to the general goremment, U(
in our stimstion, absurd ; for, before the formation of
the Union, each State was independent, and the right
i- c rj : j:j . I
ku uu I tuunwwT w uuiui. wuui tut wv .
exist, was not an attribute of aovereismtr. and therefore I
- , ... i
, ; . ... " " V . ..
couia not nave oeen retained or resarrea m uie mean
ing of the tenth article of the amendments to the Con
stitution. .
We regard it equally absurd and contradictory to
say that a State has reserved the right to secede, but
that this is an extreme right which cannot be exercised
except tn extremu, when no other remedy can be
successfully resorted to. For, if it be a right reserved
to each State, then each State must, of necessity, be
ju,- 0f its exercise and can resort to it at will and
pleasure, either as a matter of choice or taU, and not
merely as a matter of stem necessity.
No .t Mme of .ttribute. of national
nvigatj f 1st The right to make war; 2nd, to
eoodudepeaM. ,rdf to Siaace,; 4th n
coanf, and the currency, 4c
By the express words of the Constitution, all these
attributes of sovereignty have been surrendered to the
General Government for the purpose of forming a more
perfect union, establishing justice, ensuring domestic
ranquility. providing for the common defence, pro- I
rooting the general welfare, and securing the blessings I
liberty. Now, if these powers thus expressly grant-
ed to the General Government are necessary attri
butes of sovereignty, and these powers, on account of
such -express grants in the Constitution, are in the Gen
eral Government and no longer in the States respee-
tively, it follows necessarily, that sovereignty no longer I
exists in the States, but that it is an idea or doctrine
directly at war with what the States themselves (each
for itself,) have declared m unequivocal and unlimited
terns, through the Constitution, and has passed from
thtm to the General Government
Have the States a right under the Constitution to
resume at pleasure any of these expressly granted
powers We say nor. Only the powers not granted
"d those which are not necessary to carry out granted
powers are reserved to the States respectively or to the
people. Now was the right to secede from the Union
one of these reserved powers ? If so, then tbe provid
ing by the Constitution for certain express grants of
power to the General Government, was practically ab
surd and useless, for inasmuch as the right to secede
and establish a separate government presupposes the
exercise of all die rights of national sovereignty, the
secession of a State is ipto facto tbe resumption of all
tbe powers which have been expressly granted in the
Constitution for the benefit of all the SUtes.
Now for what were these nowers in-anted to the
ri.rl OoTemmentt Not for the mere Duroose of
all the States, and for the formation of a more perfect
and rjerDetual union bewteen them: that union having
r i -i
been regarded at the time the Constitution was framed
as absolutelv necessary, for the peace, protection and
welfare of alL What moreover did the granting of
these powers to the General Government and the for-
mation of this constitutional union imply t Why the
1 . ... ..... l - -I (
surrender in mood faith, ot certain lurnts ana pnvueges
f
AND
and advantages for tbe benefit of all concerned. io country iwg
aay that a State has the right to resume all these power of making war, peace and treaties, that of levy
rniwun whn their exercise bv the authority to whom ine money and regulating commerce, and the corres-
U.y have been granted becomes temporarily inju' pondent executive and judicial authorities should be
rious or oppressive, is to declare that this faith which fully and effectually vested in the General Govern
h heeu thus Died ed to eaeh other can be readily ment of the U" gam : - It is obviously imprac-
violated.and that the interest, honor aud safety of
the whole Union cn be jeopardised and destroyed
at the will of one State, whether actuated by caprice
driven on by ambition, blinded by rash prejudics, or
seduced by foreign iuflueoce.
Would such a conditiou of things be compatible
with the drslarsd purposes and objects for which the
Constitution was formed ? Would it be securing a
more perfect union ? Would it be establishing jus-
ticeT Would it be ensuring domestic tranquility
Would it be providing for the common defence?
Would it be promoting the general welfare? ; Would
it be seeuring the blessings of liberty to ourselves
and posterity ? No, no. On the contrary, it would
be making the Union a rope of sand it would be
the very tterse of domestic discord it would invite
foreign violence and sggression it would weaken
all our resources it would make the majority of the
whole people and the States themselves the! prey of
an insignificant minority, and it would be the cer
Uin harbinger of civil war, and consequently of ty
rauny and oppression. .
Let ns look a little farther into this doctrine.-
North Carolina and Rhode Island were nearly two
J' theyhould .doptthe
. . , ., ... TT5 s,.iw ;f
Constitution aud come into the Uuioo. Surely if
they had regarded it as a Union from which they
could depart at pleasure, and a Constitution which
either could rescind-at will, their deliberation and
hesitancy were little mora than the extreme of folly
or tbe most undignified aud uu necessary coquetry ;
What will be some of the practical effects of the
right of secession.
Should the State of New York take it into her
head to secede because she considers slavery in the
South as dishonorable to the Nation, and oppressive
and injurious to her, she would by that act cut off
the entire Mew England Slates from the great body
of the Union. She not only quits the Uuion herself
but through her geographical position severs other
States from it.
The secession of Louisiana would close the mouth
f tbe Mississippi , against the whole North West,
and this done toe under a claim of right through tbe
Constitution by a State which was purchased with
the treasure of the old States for the benefit and ad
vantage of the whole Union.
The secession of California and the State to be
foraied out of the territory of Oregon, purchased with
tbe bloed and treasure of the whole uatiouy would
v - vi
HORTH
1 ,.-,
close effectually to the rest of the Union the com
merce of the Pacific
The secession of any of the Atlsntie or Gulf
States would shut up many of the most valuable ports
to the inhabitants of the interior the use of which
would be necessary to their prosperity.
By secession, the most Taluable fortincitions aad
places of nationsl defence might be snatched from
us by a single State to pass into the hsnds of a
foreign enemy.
By secession, the seceding State or States might
become, in all liknlihood, would become, the highways
through which woold be conducted a foreign in
vasion, ruinous to that government which, when
they pledged themselves to the support of the Con
stitution, they declared was intended to promote the
common defeaee.
By secession, the most valwable resources and eftV
cioot means for building and strengthening our
Wavyj ae- Btwury far he preteeUesi of ear eons
meree, for the safety of our eitiseus abroad, and the
defence of our coasts, might be eat off and turned by
a foreign enemy against us.
- -"
Eut sgam, what relation would the seceding State
....... a nr
uenr to looae (nai remaiu iu ius u uiuu i . . umii
nKlir tinno hriMi tKm vf.i nJ mA ?
...
obUntions between them be rescinded 7 Uouia an
disregard or violate a treaty with a foreign Ntion
msde by the General Government? What would
be her interest in the public property ? What her
claiins upon tbe Nsvy 1 What part of the public j
debt would she pay T What umpire is to settle all
these differences, adjust all these conflicting claims 7
Had the frsmers of the Constitution intended to se
cure to each State the right to secede, would they
have failed to provide in express terms, some nesns
by which the difficulties snd evils of such secession
could have been adjudicated and settled ?
Whatever view we take of this subject, we can
find no warrant in the Constitution for the right of
secession. It is a doctrine at war with the Constitu
tion, bastille to the Union, and worse eveu than nul-
ificalion i I self. We cannot subscribe to such a doc
trine, so suioidal to that Cooslilutiwn of government
which was intended by our fathers who framed it, as
a blessing and not a curse, ss a shield and not a
weapou for the destruction of our lives and proper-
ty. Whenever thnt Government becomes destruc
live of those ends for which it was established, in
tolerably oppressive, and utterly regardless of the
rights and happiness of the people of North Carolina,
we shall be in favor of tbrowinK off such govern
ment, and establishing new safe-guards for our fu
ture security snd happiness. But this effort this
act t throw off oppresaion, snd vindicate our rights
should a resort to force be necessary we s&ai
call by its rignt name we shall call it Kzvourrioi
and make op our minds to abide the consequences
We shall not seek by calling it secession, and claim.
ing for it the approval of the Constitution, to shrink
from or evade the consequences of failure, or by
the effeets of success, stultify those who framed
the Constitution, and illustrate our own eoward-
ice and bad f-ith to our sister States!
i SECESSION. AGAIN.
Let us continue the argument on this subject a little
further. In our last we attempted bneny to snow
that secession is not a Constitutional right, that it was
not a power reserved to the SUtes respectively under
the tenth article of tbe amendment to the Constitu
tion, that if it is resorted to, it will amouut to Revolu
tion.
The articles of confederation were adopted on the
15th of November, 1777, but were not fully ratinea
h .11 H States before March 1781. It was soon
found that the powers conferred by them upon Con-
articles of confederation gave birth to our present
Constitution, which was adopted in 1787
In submitting this l onsutution 10 xne oiaiea ior
their ratification, there was sent out with it a circular
. .. .. ..
letter of Gen. Washington, the President of the Con-
ventkm which was presumed to have spoken tne sen
timeuts of those who framed the Constitution.
Z- 1 .1 - .11 I.. ..ntotviv-
we nuu uiw wuuui8
ticable in the Federal Government of these States, to
secure all rights of independent sovereignty to each
(State) and yet provide for the interest and safety ot
alL In our deliberation on this subject, we kept
steadily in our view, that which appears to us, the
greatest interest of every true American the consol
idation of our Union in which is involved our pros
perity, felicity, safety, perhaps our National existence."
Nor were such sentiments confined to this letter of
Gen. Washingtjon. They were the language of the
day, which waJ borne out and supported by the ex
press provisioui of the Constitution.
That a State should be sovereign and independent
after it had made an unqualified surrender of these most
important powers of sovereignty to the General Gov
ernment, was an absurdity and contradiction that had
no resting place for one moment in the minds of the
wise and discreet Fathers of the Constitution.
By the Constitution, Congress is bound, pledged, to
guarantee to each State, a rtpublican form of GoTarn
mem This obligation is binding not only upon that
body so far as it represents the whole people of tbe
Union, but upon those of it who are the peculiar rep
resentatives of the States themselves. This very pro
vision of the Constitution shows conclusively, that the
States are not respectively sovereign, for sovereignty
implies tbe powers to establish any form of Govern
ment. A State connot establish an aristocratic form
of Government, nor a monarchical, buj is bound by
the repudlkan form alone.
Well suppose a State secedes from the Union, does
this absolve Congress from its obligations to guarantee
to the people of that State, a republican form of Gov
ernment f Suppose that act of secession were accom
plished by a meagre majority, and that majority were
to offer to force upon the minority, a form of Govern
ment other than a Republican, would the General
Government have no power under the Constitution to
protect them ! Would it be absolved from its obliga
tion to protect this minority from a monarchy or des
potism which the majority might seek to establish
over theraf We think not; for what is the relative
allegiance of a citizen as between his State and the
General Government I Some have contended that
bis paramount allegiance is to the latter; others on
the contrary, have insisted that that allegiance must
be given to the State, when her commands and those
of tbe General Government conflict It may be diffi
cult to reconcile these antagonistic propositions, but
for our present purpose, it is only necessary to appeal
to tbe Constitution itself and to tbe uniform practice
of the General and State Governments, to be satisfied
CAROLINA GAZETTE.
RALEIGH; N. C.7 DECEMBER 18,
that as to all those powers wbkh have been express by
ly granted to the General Government, tr has a par
amount claim upon every citizen for his obedience and
support, however strong may be theelaim of bis par
ticular State for his allegiance as to those powers
which have been reserved. If war is declared by
Congress, and a citizen is required according to the
Constitution to assist'in repelling the enemy, and re
fuses, can he plead in justification, that his State thro'
its Legislature, bad Commanded bim to desist, and
had thereby absolved him ' from his allegiance to the
General Government t Would such a plea be taken
without rendering that Government weaker and more
contemptible than the old confederation f Would
such a plea be a satisfaction of the oath of a pubhc offi
cer sworn to execute the lawn ( Would it satisfy the
oath of allegiance taken by a naturalized foreigner!
If so, to the decree of what State is he responsible I
To the one in which he was born, to the half dosenor
dozen in which in past time lie has lived, or must he
submit implicitly to the commands of that State of
which be is at present a citizen ! Should New York
secede during the present winter, to what sovereignty
does President Fillmore owe allegiance I Is he no
longer a citizen of the United States I and can the
authorities of New York force his obedience in the
very teeth of the oath which be has taken to execute
the laws of the United States, and preserve, protect '
and defend its Constitution ! If this be so, then in-
deed U Government composed of more elements
oi seu-aest ruction, man any upon earth. I hey are
bound together by a cord more brittle than the ever
changing, ever-disputing States of Ancient Greece,
which ultimately became the prey of foreign nations
after tbe last portion of their strength bad been ex-
hausted in contemptible bickerings and bloody con-
fhcta with each other. Such a government with the
allegiance of its citizens so undefined, uncertain and !
conflicting, with so many sovereignties to check and j
.. .t ,A J . . , , . " j
nulhfy its authority, cannot be of long duration, !
is liable at any moment to become the victim of am
bition, caprice, or foreign influence and power, and
must inevitably end an object. of contempt to all who
hire permanent and well regulated government.
Now it is indeed strange, that intelligent men should
be willing to pervert the past political history of the
country, in order to give force and efficiency to this
dangerous doctrine of secession. We find Mr. Shep-
ard in his late speech, quoting that of Mr. Livingston
m the celebrated discussion on Foot's Resolution, as
authority to susUin this doctrine. Now we beg tbe
public to give that speech an attentive perusal, and
we do not think that we exaggerate in saying, that
its argument as a whole, no matter to what conclu
sions Mr. S. may have come, is a complete and over
whelming refuUtion of this doctrine.
We beg attention to a few paragraphs of this speech.
He says, "This Government is neither such a federative
one founded on a compact, at leaves to all the varties
their full tovereianlv. nor auch a consoditated nomilar
- i
OoTemnw .. ,l,nri. nr rt- -ku r
original power. Again, "As to all these attributes
... . ...... I
of sovereignty, which by the Federal compact were
transferred to the General Government, that Govern-1
ment it sovereign and tupreme, the State have aban
doned, and can xsvxa at claim thsm."
If tbe SUtes " can never reclaim" the powers grant
ed to the General Government, it would be contradic
tory and absurd to say, that any of them can Coosti
tutionally secede; for' secession, according to itsadvo-
... . .i . ,i , .
caies, unpues ine exercise oi an ine aitnouies oi sov I
ereignty. Mr. Livingston had too much discrimina
tioo of mind, to say in the same breath, that under the
Constitution, " a State had abandoned aud could nev
er reclaim" the powers granted, but still she could
secede and Uke back all those powers.
He further emphatically declares, that " the SUtes
have unequivocally surrendered every Constitutional
right of impeding or resisting any law pronounced by
the Supreme Court to be Constitution tal." He also
aays, that among the attributes of sovereignty retained
by the States, is that of watching over the operations
of the General Government, and protecting its citizens
against their unconstitutional abuse, and this can be
legally done :
1. By remonstrance to Congress.
2. By an address to the People.
S. By a similar address to the other States.
4. By proposing amendments to the Constitution.
&. If the act bo intolerably oppressive, and the
General Government persevere, by a resort to the
natural right to resist extreme oppression.
0. If the act can not be submitted to the Supreme
n i i .u.:n : u :: r.
units r'"" w u-u"1
jusmy tne nsa oi wiwurawai irom ine union; inat
this last extreme remedy may at once be resorted to.
Wliat is meant here by the expression, " this last
extreme remedy ?" Not a withdrawal from the Uni
on. Not teeettion as a Constitutional remedy ; for in
the very next paragraph he declares iu express terms
That the right of resistance to the operation of an
act of Congress in the extreme cases above alluded to,
' not a right derived from the Constitution, but can
be justified only on the supposition that the Constitu
tion has been broken, and the State absolved from its
obligation, and that whenever retorted to, it mutt be
at the ritk of all the penalties attached to an untue-
etttful retittanee to estabushid AUTHoarrr."
And still in tbe face of all this, Mr. Livingston'!
name and the reasoning of this Speech are resorted
to in defence of tbe doctrine of secession. A Consti
tutional right reserved to the States, say its advocates
a right says Mr. Livingston, which if exercised, the
State must do it, at the ritk of all the penaltet at-
laenea to an unsuccessful retittanee to ettaontnta ass-
thority I
Is there then practically any difference between
seeesrion and revolution 7 When unsuccessful are
k- i: ,t. i .v. ,u ti..
, ,. . , .... .
omy ainerence between tnem is, urn secession
claims to "be a creature of the Constitution, sane-
tioned bv it, and therefore entitled to act without
M.nAn.tk:i;.. e a n .k;.. k.,. -
siwpviiuHUHTi llDVllvsstSMS pvsissivsvw nimsvivi
n.
may ue we consequences oi i ac. vnereas,
revolution claims her origin from nature, acta with announced the order of the day to he the resnlu
boldness, and shrinks from no responsibility, and lions introduced by Mr. B ridge rs, of Franklin,
evades none of th realties whih will follow de
feat The former shrinks from danger, though it
' x
would enjoy those blessings which are the off
spring of perils and toils the latter meets with
alacrity every danger, because it has made up its
mind, that death is preferable to slavery and that
nothing less than eternal vigilance, is the price of
liberty.
But we have yet a higher authority (at least
with Democrats) to which we appeal. That au-
...uruy no - l-'-a h " "ww"
himself. In his famous Proclamation against nul
lification (which document is said to nave been
written by Mr. Livingston) be expressly declares
nha Constitution ot tbe United States forms
Government. wt a league, and. whether it be formed
1850,
compact between the- States or in any other
manner, its character is the same. Each State hav.
ing expressly parted with so many powers as to
constitute jointly with the other States a single
nation, cannot from that period possets any right to
secede because such secession does not break a
league but destroys the unity of a nation, and any
injury to that unity is not only a breach which
would result from the contravention of a compact
bvt is an offence against the whole Union. To say
that any State may at pleasure secede from the Union
is to say that the United States are not a Nation.
Secession, like any other revolutionary acty may be
morally justified by the extremity of oppression,
but to call U a constitutional right is confounding the
meaning of terms, and can only be done through
gross error or to deeeive those who are willing to
assert a right, but would pause before they made
a revolution, or incur the penalties consequent on
a failure."
Here then General Jackson declares secession
to be SEV0LUTI05, and like revolution, has attached
to it all the penalties consequent on a failure !
Again, ''they (meaning the nullifiers) know that
a forcible opposition could alone prevent the exe
cution of the laws, and they know that such oppo-
sition must be repelled. Their object is Disiznow,
but be not deceived by names ; disunion by armed
force is Treason?
To understand, however, the opinion of General
Jackson more fully on this subject, we must refer
to his Nullification Message transmitted to Con
gress in January 1833. In it, he says, "the State
of South Carolina has forced the General Govern
ment to decide the new and dangerous alternative
of permitting a State to obstruct the execution of
,aw within it or seeing it attempt to execute a
thrt of withdrawing from the Union. In my op.
tnton, both purposes are to be regarded as revolutxon-
(Wiilf,rtoLi.L. and subversive
ary
or the supremacy of the laws and ot tne integrity
of the Union ; the result of each is the same."
Again : "The right of the people of a single
State to absolve themselves at will and without
the consent of the other States, from their most
solemn obligations and hazard the liberties and
happiness of the millions composing this Union,
CA1UTOT BE ACKNOWLEDGED.
What is to be deduced from all this ! Why,
that secession and nullification were in the opinion
of General Jackson, the same in character and ten
dency. The latter he solemnly pronounced Trea
son against the Uovernment, and ne threatened u
with all the penalties of the erinie of treason.
Could he have done less with secession ? Were
he now living, would he wink at and approve the
latter when he had so strongly condemned and ne
nounced the former ? Are those who approve his
efforts to strangle and put down nullification to
be countenanced in their exertions to revive and
earry out a doctrine no less dangerous, no less re-
pugnant to the Constitution ? We appeal to those
- . ..... . . i i . -
who heretofore nave reverencea me cnanwusr oi
Gen. Jackton, and endorsed hi doctrines, as well
I aa frt 4Virjm trhrt liOVa sllWVB P0araMt M( t.hs TWiftl.
fion whi.h North iWina assumed with so much
S0 IU HI WV IIV Ul V w vus'wwww w-w ww-
boldness and patriotism, during the dark days of
South Carolina nullification.
Again: we aay in the language of General
Jaoksok. secession and nullification are the same in
character and tendency, equally revolutionary,
equally repugnant to the Constitution, and alike
destructive to the Union, Let the present Leg.
islatnre make the most of it The people will call
thS D.V their "a""1 name nd hold them t0 a
I strict account I
STATE LEGISLATURE.
SENATE.
Tuesday, Deo. 10.
We present the most important items of Tues
day's proceedings.
Mr. Woodfin introduced the following resolu
tion :
Be it Resolved by the . General Assembly of the
Stale of North Carolina : That it is the true pol
icy of the State to encourage the extension of
the North Carolina Rail lloxd, west, to Knox-
ville, Tennessee, and east, from Goldsboro to
Newbern or Beaufort : and as a means of secu
ring this improvement for the benefit of the State,
Charters ought to be granted to Companies to
make the respective portions of said road on the
terms of the Charter heretofore granted to the
North Carolina Rail Road. Read and made spe
cial order of day for Tuesday next.
Mr. Woodtin reported a series of resolutions as
a substitute for those referred to the Committee
on Nezro Slavery
On motion ot Mr. Clarke, the order making the
rMilntinn fin &lsivrv fh firwf.ial tirAtr mC th
. :i -i "
day lor Tuesday next, was reconsidered, and
made the special order of Ihe day lor Monday
next.
On motion of Mr. Bvnum, the bill providing
tor a Ideological and Agricultural survey ot the
.siate. was made tbe special order of the day' for
Friday next
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Mr. Love presented a memorial, praying the
erection oi a new vsuuiuy oui oi ine counties OI
i" . M ... i . i . . i-
Haywood and Macon. Referred to Committee
on Propositions and Grievances.
Mr. rleining introduced a series of Resolu
tions on the Slavery question, which, on motion,
were laid on the table and ordered to be printed
fill. Saunders asked leave lo brrng in a report
front the Joint SHect Committee on Negro Sla
very, with a proposition to print. Referred to
Committee of the. Whole, and nude the order ot
the day f-r Monday next. Also, to reer the va
rious reports on tbe subject of Slavery to Con
rauiee of the Whole
Mr. Rayner introduced certain revolutions sta
ting that when the resolutions I mm the commit
tee on Negro slavery were brought up.he would
move to strike out all after whereat, and insert
his own resolutions. On motion, laid on the u-
ale nd ordered to be printed.
Mr. Avery gave notice iht ne woutai ofler a
minority report on the subject ot Slavery.
Mr m of Cwwell, gave notice that he
I WOuld also otfer a report against both majority
and minority of same committee and offered a
! resolution wnicn was uiu on tne taoie ana or-
I - . . .
dered to be printed
. , . ,.-:-. ,he Wfta.u-r
relative to the fs. O. Kail Koatf
Mr. Pope moved to strike out sll after the word
Ruolvtd, and insert a substitute which he sub-
milted recommending a mutual withdraw!, tnr
the part of the slate and the stockholder, from
the terms of tlie 'coin rsct. and proposing that the
State should defray all reasonable expenses thus
tar incurred in the' prosecution of the work.
Mr. Jones, of Orange, moved to lay the Reso
lutions and amendment on the table.
f A motion to lay on the table, it is perhaps
... I . as
well-Known, preciuaes an aeoate. air jotyes
i ....mI litaa. .niiA.liul La I . i U A . ... k
moliori. but would not consent. Th- motion In
lay on the table waa finally rejected, whenl
Mr. Leach nroceeded to address ihe House at
some length in opposition to tbe Resolutions, and
a wa replied to by'Mr. Bridgets, tbe mover.
he House then took erecess until 3 J o'clock
NiiiM 11.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The House resumed the consideration of the
Rail Road resolutions, and the debate was farther
continued by Mr. Stevenson in opposition, and
Mr. Mizeli in support, of the same. These
Speeches will probably be written out by the
auitM rs ; if not, we shall resort to our ow n notes
SENATE.
Wedhesdat, Dec 11.
A message was sent to the House, stating the
passage of the engrossed bill from the House en
titled a bill to incorporate the Greenville and Ra
leigh Plank Road Company, with sundry amend
ments. Mr. Caldwell, of Mecklenburg, presented the
memorial of sundry citizens of the County of
Mecklenburg praying for the passage of a law, sub
jecting to taxation certain articles manufactured
out of the State. Referred to the Committee on
Finance.
Mr. Woodfin, from the Judiciary Committee, to
whom waa referred a memorial relating to the pro
tection of stock, reported a bill to prevent the de
struction of live stock in the wild range. Read
first time.
Mr. Cameron, from the Committee on Corpora
tions, to whom was referred the bill to authorise
the building of toll bridge on Dan river, in Cas
well County, and to'incorporatc the same, reported
the same and recommended its passage. Also, a
bill to encourage tlie investment of capital for min
ing and manufacturing purposes. Also, a bill to
incorporate Connohe Lodge in the town of Ham
ilton. Also, a bill to incorporate Thcophilus Di
vision, No. 57, of the Order of Sons of Tempe
rance, in tne town ot 31urfreesboro . Also, a bill
to incorporate a bank in the town of Greensboro'.
in the County of Guilford. Also, a bill to incor
porate a Bank m the town of Washington. Also,
a bill to amend an act for the incorporation of the
town of Washington. Also, a bill to incorporate
the Fayetteville and Northern Plank Road 'om-
pany. Also, a bill to incorporate the Ringgold
Guards. Also, a bill to incorporate a Female Aca
demy in the town of Hamilton. Also, a bill to in
corporate Windsor Female Academy. Also a bill
to incorporate Franklinville Academy.
Also, a 'bill to incorporate Hume Guards in
Pasquotank Co.
Mr. Woodfin,, from Judiciary Committee, to
whom was referred the bill to provide for the pay
of Witnesses in certain cases, reported a substi
tute, which was read first time, passed and order
ed to be printed.
Mr. Cameron introduced a bill to incorporate
Cool Spring Tent, No. 263. Independent Order
of Rechahitfs, in the town of Fayetteville. Pass
ed and referred to Committee on Corporations.
Mr. Bunting, a bill lo incorporate Ihe Fayette
ville and Warsaw Plank Road Co. Read first
lime and referred to Committee un Corporations.
Mr. Woodfin, a bill to repeal an act of 1848 '9I
entitled an act to amend the charter of Hickory,
nut Turnpike Co. Read first lime and referred
to Committee on Propositions and Grievances.
The Speaker presented the report of the Comp
troller, in answer to a resolution of the Senate,
directing him to report the amount of land and
poll tax, discriminating between while and black
poll. On motion of Mr. Shepard, ordered to be
laid on table.
Mr. Joyner introduced a resolution in relation
to the Raleigh and Uastou Rail Road. Ordered
to be printed and made the order of the day for
Saturday next.
Mr. Washington, a resolution in relation to the
Swamp Lands belonging lo the Literary Fund.
Referred to Committee oa Education and Litera
ry Fund.
Mr. Areadel, a bill to incorporate the Beaufort
and N. C. R. IL Co. Read lit time and referred
lo Committee on Internal Improvements.
On motion of Mr. Woodfin, the engrossed bill
concerning Jury trials in the County of Bun
combe, was taken up.
On motion of Mr. Kelly, the bill for the more
speedy and certain administration ol Justice and
for other purposes, was made the order of tlie day
for Wednesday next.
Ou motion of Mr. Bynum.ihe Senate adjourn
ed uuiil to-morrow 11 o'clock.
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The House met according to adjournment.
A message was received from the Senate with
the following engrossed bills :
A hill to incorporate the Murfreesboro' Joint
Stock Building Company. A bill to amend ihe
act of 1830-'31 to incorporate the town ofStates-
ville. A bill to incorporate t ulion Lodge, No,
99, at Salisbury. A bill to authorise Sea Board
and Roanoke Hail Road to issue bonds.
Mr. Barnes moved lo suspend rules, and put
the last bill on its second reading. Mr. Taylor said
that he came here to legislate tor North Carolina
and not for Virginia, aud hoped that the rules
would not be suspended. Ihe rules were sus
pended, and the bill passed its second reading.
Mr. Eaton, a memorial, which was referred.
Mr. Hill, of Laswed, presented a memorial
praying that advertisements of Sales of lands,
taxes &bd be published in adjacent towns to where
such sale?; &c. are to take place.
Mr. Eaton introduced a bill to incorporate
Divisiou of Sons of Temperance in Warrenton
Referred.
Also, a Bill to incorporate Muchutna Lodge,
No. 22, 1. 0. 0. V., in Warrenton.
Mr. McMillan, a Bill for a public road through
Ashe.
Mr. Bogle, a Bill for a new County by name
ol Williamson. 4
Mr. Fleming, a Bill to amend an act of 1848
and '9, laying off a road in Cherokee. After some
little sparring between Messrs. Hayes and Flein
ing, referred to Joint Select Committee on Chero
kee Bunds.
Mr. Walton, a Bill to incorporate Piedmont
flank Koad Voiupany. Keterred.
Mr. Avery introduced sundry resolutions on
the subject of Slavery, which were ordered to be
laid on the table and printed.
The order of ihe day being tbe various reports
and Bills relative to the amendments of the Con
stitution coming up, Mr. Fleming moved to
postpone, until r nusy.
. 12 o'clock.
The unfinished business of yesterday comin?
up, Mr. Pope withdrew bis resolutions and sub
stituted others.
Mr. McLeansconlinued his motion foran indefi
nite postponement of the whole question.
wr. iOtinn caneu ior tne reading ot the Reso
s a a" ... '- II . i .
lutions separately, ana debned bis position. H
declared lnmsell an Internal Improvement man of
tne original stamp, aud tbat he wished to see the
resources oi the state developed, but was opposed
to the Rail Road Bill of 1848-U He did not
believe the charter was obtained by a proper vote
and did not believe that 13,000,000 would build
the Road: He was opposed to the State's stock
jobbing for a company or companies, and prefer
red that individual enterprise should perfect ail
these works. In Due, tie assured the Legislature,
that while be was no repudiaior, (for, rather than
have the stain of repudiation placed upon Chat
ham Conniy, he would lose one of these mould
boards," meaniug one of his ears) still he was
pfotced to believe that the people did not acquiesce
in the movement, tie was open however, to
conviction, and if convinced, would leave. hn
t . r i:u. i . ir. o 1 (S
piaiiuriu, m sprcuny aa utut icu ouuom.
- Mr. Brogden next addressed the House at great
length in support of the resolutions, and, without
concluding, ave way to a motioir to sdjoura un
iHialf past o'clock-.
Mr. Brogden continued his remarks, and was
followed by Geo. Saunders, who- addressed the
House for upwards ot an hour and a half, in op
position to the Resolutions, and in vindication
of the Internal Improvement system generally.
Without concluding. Gen. Saunders gave way tn
a motion to adjourn until to morrow ten o'clock.
SENATE.
THuasoAY, Dec. 12th.
Senate met according Jo adjournment.
A message was sent to tbe House, informing
that the Senate, had passed the : following engro.
sed bill and resolution, m which they asked tli
eonmirrenr uf the House, vil : A bill to incor
porate the FayeteTiU.and Charlotte Hank cJ
Co. : and a resolution in favor of J. H. WheeW.
Mr. Courts, from the cornuwttee on proposition
and Grievances, to whom was referred the bill
repeal the actof 1848-'4$ entitled an act to amen i
the Charter of he Hickory Not Turnpike Co. ;
reported the same to the Senaleand recommend d
iu passage. Ordered to be laid on the table.
Mr. Cameron, from the Committee on corpo
rations, to whom the same had beeu' referred,
ported the following bills and recommended their
passage, viz :
A Bill to incorporate the Ruck Spring Camp
Ground. ' -
The Bill to incorporate Cool Spring tent. No. 265
of Rechabites in FayetteViIle. The bilf lo iucorpu
rate the Fayetteville and Warsaw1 plank road Co.
The bill to appointCommtssioners, for the town wf
Jamestown
The bill to incorporate the Trustees' of Topsail
Academy and the Bill lo amend an' act passed at '
the last session of the General Assembly entitled
an act to incorporate? Aniioch Academy.
Several bills passed their second' reading.
When they come up on' their third' reading tneir
names shall appear.
HOUSE OF COM?MOtt3L
THoasrxvYDeX 12th.
Mr. Brogden rose for the purpose of explana- ,
tion, and asked leave to withdraw certain expres
sions employed by him in reference to the Speaker
of the Senate, who gave the easting: vote in favor
of the N. C. R. Rond. Mr. B. disclaimed any in
tention or disposition to reflect upon that gentle
man. A message was received from the Senate, an
nouncing the passage of the enrolled bill, to incor
porate the Raleigh and Greenville P. R, Col, with
certain amendments ; which were concurred in.
Messrs. Steele and Jerkins obtained leave of ab
sence for one day, to enable them to attend to their
duties as members of tlie Finance Committee.
Mr. Hill, of Caswell, introduced a bill relative to
sales of lands by sheriff. Referred to Committee
ou Judiciary.
Mr. Pegram, a bill to incorporate a Division of
the Sons of Temperance in Fuyetteville.
Mr. Gordon, a bill to incorporate the, Yadkin
Navigation Company. Referred to Committee On
Internal Improvements, and ordered to be printed.
Mr. Wilson, a Resolution that a Joint L otomit
tee,of two from each House, be appointed to wait on
the Governor elect and inform bim of his electaoo,
and ascertain when he will be ready to assume tbe
oaths of Office.
Mr. Pigott, a bill to repeal an Act of 1844-45
to attach that portion of Carteret County, called
Ucraeock, to Hyde. Keterred to Committee on
'repositions and Grievances
Mr. Foard gave notice that he would moVe On
to-morrow, a resolution limiting tbe length Of
Speeches to 30 minutes.
Mr. b lerning, a bill to grant pre emption rights
to actual settlers on Cherokee lands, and moved
its reference to the Judiciary Committee.-
Mr. Hayes moved to amend by reierrinsr to Joint
Select Committee on Cherokee Bonds.
fA discussion of a bitter nature here ensued
between Messrs. Fleming and Hayes, as to the
mailer of reference. Mr. Blow fiually. wiih that
humor so peculiarly his own, poured oil over the
troubled waters, the motion lo amend was rejected'
by a vote of Ayes 43, Noes 47 j and Mr. Flem
'tiling's motion prevailed.
Mr. Steele, a resolution instructing the Judi
ciary Committee to alter the punishment for tra
ding with slaves.
Mr. Stevenson, a Resolution request ins? ouY
Senators and Represntatives in Congress' 10' make'
effort) to secure.a Hydrographic survey of certain'
waters.
Mr. Haves, a Bill to suppress earning with'
Card. Referred to Judiciary Commitiee.
Mr. Wisrzins. a Bill to 111 cor do rate TuSfcarora'
Lodge of York Masons.
Mr. Amis, a Bill to incorporate Orford Divis-'
ion S. of T. Also, to incorporate Trustees of
Tar River Academy.
Ihe special order of ihe daV being the Bill to'
appoint Superintendant of Common' School -
was postponed until Saturday ; and,
Ihe Hods of Twelve,
having arrived, Gen. Saunders continued at much'
length his remarks on the resolutions of Mr.
Brogden relative to the N. C. R. RoaU Co.
Mr. Cherry next addressed fhe House.- and
stated that, though originally opposed-to this par
ticular project, lie rrgardea he present resolu
tions as endeavoring tu effect insidiously, what fhe
House had repudiated, in another form. SO re
garding ibem, he fell it his duty to Cast his tote
against them.
Mr. Winston made some rematks.- substan
tially assuming the same position with' Mr. Clier-.
ry.
The discussion was farther continued by Messrs
Sherard, Wilson, Bond, Martin,- fcc.
The question recurring on the indefinite post'
Ponement of the resolution,-h" was Carried by the'
louowing voter
Adams, Amis. Avery, D. "A. Barnes, Blo,
Bogle, A. H. Caldwell, D. F. Caldwell, Camp'
bell, Cherry, Clanion, Cockerham, Davidson',
Douthtt, Drake, Dunlap, Durham, Eatptr, Erwip,
Farmer, Flemniinjr. Flvnl. Foard. ForrViHel- A.
G. Foster, A. M. Foster, Oordon Harrison,
G. W. Hayes, J. Hayes, J. H. Hill,- Wm. Hill,
Johnston, Jones, Kalfani, Kelly, A. J. Lach, J.
M. Leach, Locke,. Love, Marshall, Mauitsby,
McKoy.McLean, McMi lan, Montgomery ,-New-som,
Parhaui, Patterson, Pegram, Pigoit,- Pooh?,
Powers, Rayner, Rollins. Rvffrn. Russell. San
ders, Saunders, Saunderson, Scott, SharpvSHeek,
unci 1 111, oiiiuijjocii, oner, srmraons, stoats,
Steele, Stevenson, Stubbs, Thbroburghy Thorn
ton, Tripp, Walton, Waugh, Webb, Wiggins,
wiiey, Williams, and Wwstoa.-SO
Those who voted in the negative were' Messrs.
Barco, J. Barrms.-Bond. Doykin. Brazier Bridr-
ers, Brogden, Cot ton, Dickinson, Ewe, Hackney,
Herring, s. r. Will, Jams,- Martin,- Mathis,'Mc
DoWell, McCleese, McNeil. MiaeU. 8. J. Pertbnv
T. J. Persou, Pope, Raufcio, Reinhar'dt, Sberrill,
stowe, sution, swannvr, TaVJor, Tbigpeny Wrr
liams, Wilson, W instead, Johnston- and She
rard. 3&
: i -
ttt Chapel HBL on Monday, tbe th instant, Laura
Vermeule, infant daughter of Charles and Laura Phil
lips. She Waa a bewitching baba, and left us oh' tbe
seeontd return of the morning of her birth:
In Warrentou, oh Friday evening last, after a short
Ulrmss, Mrs. Matilda Brandt, consort of Mr. John' P.
Brandt, leaving an afibetibnate husband, two' small
children and a numerous circle Of friend to mourn
their irreparable loss.
(Telegraphed for the Register.)
FOItliltMft ill
LATBfcr
Dec. 11th, 'ti o'c M.
News by tire America bat reached us.
Cotton depressed, and declined from' to .
SaJei of the week amounted to 20,009 bales.
Fkir Orleans f Mobile 7.
Havre market dull. Coffee dull previ
ous prices barely irraintaitred. Sugar, six
pence tower.-