a
' j - ; - ' - , ' ' ' " . ... "v." ' " . i
74
j
i ' I
- )
i
! 1
-rC"I or
noi. JAMES n. HXWOXD.
or Socth Caglt a.
O.V TifX ADUISSIOX OP KANSAS,
Dctiwrrtd (. fA Ms C-
Aare 4, 1853.
The Senate, as in Committee ef the Whole,
having nader ooosideration the bill for the ad
nukm of the Sute cf a into Colon;
f. fiammocd said :
Mr. PaxaiHErri In t debate oeaamd
la theearlv part of tbe last month, 1 understood
.Ku..i..'rLffl Illinois (Mr. Douglas)
that the question ut the reception of the Leoomp
im, ConatituDca was narrowed aom to tingle
int. That point , vbetfcer wax cwiuiuuun
ensbuded the will of the people to Kt- Am I
correct? .. . .
Mr. Dnugl : Tbe Senator U correct with
" qualiScatioa: 1 could waive the irregularity and
crMtolb reception of Kn under tb Lr
rurnpUKi onstftutioii. provided I aras satisfied that
it vu the act and deed nfthe pipl-,andemb"alwd
tb-ir wilL There are other ohjoctior-s ; but th.
others I cjoU overcome, if tbU point vera dis
posed of .
Mr. llanataond. 1 so undentood theSenato''.
I unduwd that if b Cuold be satisfied thai
this orcmituliit embodWd the will of the peoj.1
of Kansas, all ber defects and irr ularitie
ccld bo cured br tbo at-t of Vgr nd thai
ka bimaflf wuuli bo willinj to permit tuch an act
to bo paaW.
Nw. air. tho cn!y qtioa with Wen U, how u.
that will to bo aaomainod. and upon tat pnint.
- and tha onlr, wo shall di. I think that the
NnaUr fell into a frndamntal error in hi report
di-nucr from tho report of the majority of the
u-rrtviai committee, whn ho aaid tht the con
aaUAO whkh framed thia eintitoUon waa " the
tature of the Territorial gi'atar;" and from
that errr has probably rien all bis subMiqaent
mors on this suect. How can it be poibl
thal a cTntkn abould be the creature ol a Ter
ritorial lcuUlure 7 The convention an was a--MmblTofihe
rTvlein their hirbtet soereic
rapaci'tr, about to perform their ambeet pible
act of eoTereiKptv. The Territorial Leulature
l a mere provatlonal roTernment pitty cor
juration, a j -pointed and paid by l!:e Cong of
the UsUad Sutes, without a particlo of overall
pov. IS ball that interfere with a so-reigaty
achate, but still a sovereignty ? Why. Congnos
ranooi laterfcre ; Ceng a cannot confer on the
Territorial Legislature the power to interfere.
Ocgme is rot sorerelgn. Con has sove
reign powers, but no sovereignty. CorgreM hs
ro power to act out ide of the limitations of the
Ci;utkn no right to carry ito effort the su
prtma a ill of any f"?l. snd, therefore, G-ngroM
m not sverei. 5or does Corgr hold the
Tereignty of Kan. The eoweienty of Kan
la reklee. if it rsid anywhere, with the awTe
r'gaS:ieofthiUnin. They hare con ferreo
upon C?r among ctherpowervtheauthrtrit
cf adtsixi W cr!-uxh scrre gi t itt:r aUsrar
tiufi. Thrr Ia ge CwogreaJ the power tu
i&aae aii .-J rules and regt:Uon regmrdine
tae Trritcris. and they ba giran Con grew
tsar to eJtnit a SutU. Under theae two powers,
uugress may f rrt es'aUUh a provisional territo
rial garBm-Bt merrty ir roaeicipei urpot
and hen a S:s:e has rrown Into rtgtttrul
rHrntr. wen that soTereirntT whUH ha beer.
ke: l i aU vanes darcands recniuon, when a
cwmmonity u formed in are, a ocii cmrcxcreai
ed , a sovereignty bora as it were upon the soil
then ConrreasM rifted with the power to ack now
lJre it. and tke Lrla:ure, only by mere oage.
fteat-leses neclected, as-isu at the birth of it by
-i" a preo.d"rl retuiution ajetoLiing a or-
B it when that contention asmolee to form
oonu:uuot, it amt-k in the bigbeat known ca-
re-i: v of a itle- end has no riperior In thu ge
erntaent but e Sute sovereiirntr ; or rather tlx
State srereirnti of all the Stale akne oud
aPTthicr with tee art t-f that eon ventton. Tbei
it tAatcvaveBtl n was lawful, if there i no oM
tkn t the ounTrciioo iuelf. there can be n
olVctioo to to acuon or toe corKenoon : ana
liire h power on earth that has a right to in
quire whether Je cuareoiioa represented the wil
.f the pefle i-f Kansas . eou I do not doubt
that thare mi-hl be turns cases of mm-D grMs and
t!rable fraid com roiled in the formation ol
cunrentMMi as jiiht amhorise Cong to inre-
tiffatM thens, but 1 can scarcely Cwrvle of any
arwj I d- nut tbink that Oc bas any otln-
i or when a Stat k Bucks at the door for admi.-
iu.. but to inqiirw if her cntitutn is recubii
raa. Tnt it embodies the Will 4 her lie! I
raut n-o-erilT be taken for granted, if it
th4r Uwtul act. I am ami ml r.g, f course, the
b-r lo-larwe are settled and her topalation sof-
Ecieot.
It hat I hare said be cxrevt, then the will o'
the i-oi lm of Kans is to be fi-und in the i'
of h-r cMituUunal onTe.tn. It H im materia
sbHbr it b the will of a majority of the -Ot U
of Kinaa now. or nuC The mnrention was
ouht to bare bevit. elected rr a mnj-ritr of th
rnt.Ie of Knsa. A convention ele.-td in Atri
enay w vll fram a cntiiuii-n teat wld not H
eeWable to a m 'l"ritv f the tnIe of a new
Stair, rj4lly Hd n up. in the succeeding Jt.n
vary ; and if Legislature are to be allow ed W p
to vote the act ot a conventitMi. and have then
annulled by a subt-Jeot influx . of emigrant
tn-re is no finality, it you were tosend btck to
Lcomi4in Gnsutntiun, and ai.Khtr was to b
framed in the slow way in which we d public
buine in this country, before it would reacl
i:Kre and be tJd. rerbsie the tnsjorit
wuukl be tarried the other war. Whenever
tq ro outside f the regular forms of law as
t cootfUiutions to seek for th wtl of the peopl-
vou are wanderior in a wildernees a wildernetr
of thorns.
If this was a minority constitution I do not
know that that would be an objection tolL Con
t:tuti-s are made for minoritka. Terbais
miaort'.ies ought to bare the richt to make con
ktitutK-ns. for they are administered Lytuaijorttios.
The curstitutioa of this Union was made by a
minority, and as late as 1340 a minority had it in
th-ir hand, and cvctd cave altered or abuluheo
it : for, in l s 0. si t out of the twenty six bis to cf
tLe Union hrUi tbe numeriial mjii:y.
The Senati from lUinoU, bas, upon his view
of the Lcwrnpton Constitution and the iireser.i
si:asuon cf affairs in Kansas, raised a cry of pv-
t-u ar e-vemcntT. The senator from rvw
York (Mr. Steward) yestrdaT made himsell
XaorUocs sSxit it. and called it SO Jitter sov-
ereigriy." There i a popular sovereijrnty whl b
u the tou of our Owvm merit, and I am unwu
tr.tj that th-) Senator should hare U advantag-
vf cotiCxr.c.r.? it with "Muatter sovereignty.
In all oxjr.:.-;.- and in all time it i well under
stood lLat lit numerical mrority of the people
u!J, if trey cn.-,eienise tne sovereignty ot th
c.-ur.trr ; but for want of intelligence, and for
wAnt ot leaders, they have sever yet been aMe
eiceI.y tocombtne and form a slams, popular
r-'rern merit. They have on en attempted it, bnt
it hs alwsrt turned out, instead cf a pnpols'
s.v'tv!ffntv, a pejMlac Suvereignltv : and
demariies. placing tbmstlvas ojon the mor.
menu bare invariably led them into military
depotiam.
I think that the popular sovereignty which the
S-ns:r from Illinois would derive from tbe act
-f Hi Territorial Legislature, and from the inf r-
i.e-.i r tvcsved frKM parwan aivd tartan pra-
w -u'.l UmA l.s d'.rvxtlj trv jvp.f.irr and no-pop-ilar
aovervi ir. Gen i-ie n pular sovereien-
ty never eiteJ on a firm basis except in 'bi-.l
c-untry. itrlnt gun of tie revolution announc
ed a rte-M orcanication of it, which was embodied,
in the IXxlsrsli.-o of Indttp-nd'nce, developed,
el tors ted. and inaccurated forever in the enn
sututin of the Cn'ted Sutes. The two pillars o
it were repreecMtioo and the ballot-box. I di
fiUuting their sorereign powers among tb
v s ioos deertmeets of the Govet nment, tbe peo
pU retained for theaiselves the tingle power of
tK Lali-w-U-x ; and a rreat power it was
Thrigh that they were able to contr-4 all the d
p tmenu o the Government It was not Ifib
p4e to exrcii poli'k-al twer in detail ; it wa.
r v fc-rthera to be annoyed wiibthe can-i of Gov
ernment; but, frs time to time, through the
it i-t-bx, to ei-rt their sttverein power en-1
e '-tr. th hi4e organization. This popuUr
irere.-ni. the x olr n.ree-igrty of ale.nl.
CJ ititi'Hi.al U!.4oa')J ah-n pkm through
i -t l-x. th - v-fc-e of the rn le - fr 'l ...liti.
em a:ri'w . M :h r. k-e of f) h.t Hnn it
i o:?iS o th..t it Utbe voice h-ard i.f a demon.
1 e w.-..i f th reign tf terror.
.o i if g I (tmittMi to answer a qitest:on that
the S uw from IUud ha, 1 believa, retated
ly askedi sad that u, what were the legal powers
-: .f
.r ,h. Trrii,.r;sl LeHsUture after the fnrmitiot !'
nd adoption vf the Lecompton Consti'jiipn?
Tkjt i.aTvkt.fKir.c ta do with the Territ-).---! Lr-: t
I us tare, which u P.-tfvisiooal GovefBmer
almost whhot.:ower, nrjintod and paid by t-'--:
(vornt: TheLocotr torr-Constitution wa
' the act of a pe.tlB, and the sorereign act of pet',
t . t. - . .... A i
nle. .inev roovsa id caneren pu"rvm
forent aes, and could not oonie in contact at a I
without usurpation on the one part or the othe .
It ws4 not competent for the Lecompton to ovet
tura the Territoril Gorerntnetitand setup Got
eniinefi.1 in plao of i V bsaus that aoosUtauoi .
until acJtnwwledged by Corgrees. was nothing; i
was not in feme anrwh"e. It could requu
tbe people of Kansas to pass upon it or any poi
tion of it: it Oould do whatever was necessary t
perfect-that con rtitotion, bat Bothir yon
.k nnl HnnrrMi had reed to acci-t .t i'
- am
tbe meantime the Territorial Governmt alwa.x
a Government d interim, was entitled to ex"
rue all the way over the TerritoTT .that it ev
ha.i been entitled to. Tho error of assuming, .
the Senator did, that the convention was the ere -lure
of the territorial government bas led him iv
t the difficulty and confusion of connecting tbe
w. governments together. There is no power-1
g vem in tbe;Conveniion until alor the adoptio
ov Congress of iu constitution. -"If
tbe Senator from Illinois whom I regard .
the Ajax Telamon of this di-balc, does not pn
the question of frauds, I shall have little or noth
ing to sav . about that The whole history .
Kansas is" a disgusting one, from the bes inning t
to the end.! 1 have av4ded reading it as muc
as I could. Had 1 been a Senator before, I shoul
have felt it my dut perhaps, to hare done tu
but not expecting to be one, I am ignorant, fortw
nately in a great measure, of details; and I
glad to hear the acknowledgeriienU of the Sena
tor from Illinois, sinoe it excuses mo from th -duty
of examining them.
I bear, on this side of the Chamber, a grea
deal said about "gigantic and stupendous frauds;
and the Senator from New York, yesterday, i.
portraying tbe character of his party and the op
posile one, laid the whole of those frauds upo
the nro-elavery rrty. To liston to him, y
would have supposed that the regiments of in.
migranU recruited in the purlieu of the grea
cities of the North, and sent out, armed ani
equipped with Sharpu's rifles and bowio-knive
aad revolvers, to conquer freedom for Kansas
stood by, meek saints, innocent as doves, an
harmless as lambs brought up to tho sacrilice.
Tbink of that: General Lane's lambs! They
rwmind c-e of tbefamous 'iemAs" of 01 Kirkr
to whona they have a strong family resemblance
I presume there were frauds ; and if there wer.
frauds, they were equally great on all idee; an
that any investigation into them on this floor, ot
hy a commission, would end in nothing but dis
grace to the United Sutes.
But, ir, the true object of the discussion on t
other side of the Chamber, is to agitate the que
lion of slavery. I have very great doubt
whether the leaders on the other side of th
hr-us really w!h to defeat thl bill. I thin I
they would oond'ler it a Tastly greater victory to
crush out the Democratic rrtv in the North.
ard destrov the authors of the Kanas Nebraska
bill; and t am not sure tat they have not brought
about this imbroglio for the very purpose. They
tell us thst year after year the majority in Kansas
was beaten at tbe polls t They hnve always had
a majority, bat they always get beaten I How
cuki thai be T It does sni. from the most reli
able sources of information, that they have a ma
jority and have had a majority for some time. "Why
has not this majority come forward and takn
posseaia of tbe government, aad raa'ie a .free
State constitution and broght it here?. We
should all have voted for iuadmUsion cheerfully
Here can to tut enc rokson ; i'.ibey bad broukb:
ss i- gen taliy SGp;od at th time the Haines
Netraa act was jvd would be the case, t
free-State constitution be re, there w '.J bay
Kan nodimcult; am ngthA Northern IX-roocra';
they would have been sjMaind by their pe
The statement made by .one of them, as I in.
detvtood, that that art was a good free-Slate at
would have been verified. andtbe Northt-m Drm
crats wmld bar bn sustained. B it iu com
ing bets a slave StaLc, ii is bojod, will kill thai
pary, and that is tbe rat-on tney hare refrained
from going to the polls ; that is the reason the
have rvfrained from maki"g it a free State wher.
. ana . W. .
hrv bad tne power, inev lntena to mK it a
:"r e S'ale a suon a they have eflVvted their pur
re of d-st roving th- Dooxraiic party at thi
North, and now their chtrf obj-"ct herr is. to ngi-
ate sUverv. -For one, I am not dU:.d di-
cue that qnrstion here in anr aUtnu. fc.iu- I
think the time has gone by for tbau Our mind
are all mad up. I mar be willing tndi-cua.- it
and that i-the way it should be and must be dis
juixed as a prvctici thing, as a thing that is
nd tt to be; and to dnm-s it enoct ujon our po-
itical institutions, and ascertain how long thw
iftimtmns wul bo'd togetner witn slavery tn-
radieabU.
"Tbo Sfnator from New York entered verv
'airly into this field yesterday. I was surprised
the other.dav, whi-n he so openly naid 'the battle
ind been fought and won. ' Although I knew
trd hail lg known it to be tme, 1 was surprised
in hear him ay so. I thought he had been entrap-
J into a batv expression by thebarp r'bukef
he Senator from New Umhir; and I wa
;lad to h-srn vetcrda they bad ben well cn-
idered that they in -ant all that I thought they
meant : that thev meant that the Suth is a con-
U-red province, and that tne ortb intend to
-uleit. lie said that it was their intention to
ake this Government from unjust and unfaith
ul hand, ard place it in just and faithful hand;
Cat it was their intention to cmei-rate all tbe
rerritories of the Union to free labor; and that.
to effect their purposes, they intended to reoon-
truct tbe Supreme Court
Yesterdav, the Senator said, suppose we admit
Ksna with the Lecompton Constitution what
guarantees are there that Congress will not again
interfere with the affairs of Kansas? meaning. I
ouppose, that if she abolished slavery, what guar
antee was there that Congress would not force it
upon her again. So far as w-e of the South are
concerned, you have, at least tbeguaran tee Osgood
faith that never bas been violated. But what
guarantee have we. when you have this Govern
ment in your possession, in all its departments,
even if we submit quietlv to what the Senator ex
horts us to submit to tbe limitation or elar ry to
iu presnt territory, and even to tbe reconstruction
f tl.e Supreme Court that vou will not plunder
u ti-tth tartfl ; tna; you will not bankrupt us
with internal improvements and bounties on vour
exports; that you will not cramp us with naviga
tion laws, and other laws impeding the facilities
of. transpiration to Southern produce? What gua
rantee have we that you wil not create a re-
Bank and concrntrate all t'e finances of this
"oitntry at the North, where already, for the want
of direct trade, and a proper system ol banking!!)
ine hiiu, toer are ruinously concentrated?
Nay, what guarantee have we that you will not
emancipate our slaves, ort least make the at
tempt? We cannot rely on your faith when vou
have the power. It bas been always broken
henever pledged.
sIamdUposed to see this question settled as
oon as piib!e, and am perfectly willing to have
final and conclusive settlement nov, aftfr what
he Senator from New York has said. I - think it
not improper t at I sboo'dattempt to bring the
North a"d South face to face, and see whet resour
ces each or us rmgbt have in the contingency of
Calais oip.au i.MijoiL. !
If we nvrr ac-imn- aiother fjot of Urrilorv far '.
the South, look at her.
a. y t.v i .
Eight hund'ol aad fiftv ,
h-Hisand scuar miies. A large as Grn.t Britain.
. o ,
Frat o. Austria. Prussia, and Stain. Is not that
territory enough to make an empire that shvl
rule the" wor'.d ? "With the finest soil, the ms.
delightful climate, wheoe staple productions none
ot in4 rre-1 countries caw grow, we have thrw
thousand miles of continental sbore line, so inden
tea who iianuf ii.ai.wnen weir snore lines are
added, we nave twi-lve thousand mil's. Through
the heart of jr OKintrv runs the geat Misiiair-
, th father o' waters, into Jiose boom are pour.
tbirty-lx thousand mile of tri. a ary streams ;
d bcvotid we bave the d-eri prairie wastes, to
protect u in our n-ar. Can you hetn in such a
osrritory as (hat? Y.u talk of rutting up a wall
f fire an.nnd eight hundred and fifiv "iou-and
square milea ao aituated t fJ.w absurd.
Hut. n this territ'MV lithe graat rwtlev of the
Mi s:sspi. niw the real, and h to la the ao-
t ow el"M if the t mptie of the o-:d. Tht
sway if Um: ally will Ik? as g't as vt tbe
Nll-knew n tbe earlit r ngts of niNiiki.id. NYe
ow- ? the mot of L 1 he mt valuable irt of it
b- k-Hif lo us now i atkd altb-ju-.rh th- wbo have
K'Mnliu are now oi.jwed u us, anottter
generation will tell a different tale. Tbey are
ours by all the laws of nature ; slave-labor will (0
.rer every fo;rt cf tb?3 rcat ra'Jey whrr ft wis
x found profitable to use it, and some of that
vho msv rKit it hre soon to be united witw u
(y .-. rV. make us one af" " u parabl ,
ri, n orfe wilIrHon be clatvsnn' orerthr
;hny , if r.f the South t br the products if
t U pox iril-uaties to our Atlantic ports, u it
Vhw doe thriiuh the ioe . bound .North. Ther
1 the great Mlasi'sippi, a bond of union made b;
aturc herself. She will maintain it forever.
On this fine territory we hare a population fou
met ss large as that 'with which these colonic
, prated fjvm the motber country, and -han-
ra I mirht SSV. a thvOSAlld fold as KSvtiz. Ou.
opulation is now sixty per cent greater than th.
,f the whole United Sutea when we entered lot
he second war of independence: It i as large
he whole populatioa of the United Sutes wa
n years after the conclusion of that war. an
ur exports are three timet as great as those of th
rhole United Sutes then Upon our muste
. ills we have a million of man. In a defensiv
ar, upon an emergency,' every om of then
vould be available, , At' any tim, the South cai
..tise, equip, apd maintain in the field, a large
rmv than -any power of the earth can sen
.gainst her.and' an army of soldiers men brought
ut on horseback, with guns in tbeir bands.
- If we Uke the Nortb. eyen when the two larg
uuea of Kansashd Minnesota shall be admii
d. her terriUiry will be on hundred thousan
uare miles less than ours. I do not speak of Ca
ornia and Oregon ; there is no antagonism bt
ween the South and those countries, and neve
vill be. The population of the North is fifty pei
ent greater than ours, j I have nothing to say ii
tsparagemcnt either of the soil of tbe North o
he people or tne orto, wno are a Brave auu
-rgetie race, full or intellect, out iney prouuc
i preat sUple that the South does not product
vhile we iroduce two or three, and those the ver
;reatet that she can never produce- As to he
ion. I may be allowed to say. they have nevei
roved thumsxive to be superior to tnse ox ut
uth. either in the field or in the Senate.
But the strength of a nation depends in a great
n ensure upon its wealth, and the weaitn ot a na
.ion. like that of a man. is to be estimated by ii
oirnlus production. You my go to your trashy
ensus books, full of falsehood and nonsense they
'411 you. for example, that in the Sute of Tonnes
-ee. tbo whole number of house servants is no;
qual to one-half those in my own houe, and sucl
bines as that You may estimate what is mad.
throughout the country from these census books
ut it is no matter how much U made if it is al
-onumed. If a man U worth millions of dollar
md consumes bis income, is be rich ? Is he com
petent to embark in any new enterprise? Cat
he build shins or railroads? And could a poopl
in that condition build shin, and roads or go t
war? All the enterprises of peace and war de
nend UDon the surplus productions of a people.
rby may be. happy they may be comfortable ;
ut they are not rich, are not strong, it appear
hy going to the rejorts of the SecreUry of tin
Treasury, which are authen'ic. that last year th
Unitod Sutes exported in round numburs f 279.-
300.000 worth of domestic produce, excluding
gold and foreign merchandise re-exported. O
:his amount $159,000,000 orth is the clear pro
duce of the South ; articles that are not and can
not be made at tbe North. There are, then.
530,000,000 worth of exports of products of th
forest provisions and breacutuCs. IT we a3suui
that the South made but one-third of these, and
I tbink thkt is a low calculation, our exports ar
185 000.0- 0. leaving to -the North less than
535.000.000. "
In addition to this, we nt to thi" North
S30.000.000 worth of cotton, which is not counted
in the exports. We sent to her 7 or $3,000,000
worth of tobacco, which is not counted in ih
"xporu. We sent nnval stores, lumber, rice and
nsry crher mine article. There is no dcu&t
itutt'we rent o tbe No.tii iiO.OCO.OOOina ldiuor.
but we sup;e the pi nt to be $220.0CO,ooO.
Be-''- "t v -x' ir.i of the Sutt iiow arc
gr- wivi -xm-rts of ti e United
S. I- 1 .'.iva years, including the two
riua-ruiu.- ier : Jo 6 snd 1Sj7. I he v are
.early doubiw the antount of the average exports
of the twelve preceding years. If I am right in
ray calculations as to $220,000,000 of surplus pro-
due, there is not a nation on earth, with any nu
merous population, that ran compete with us in
produce prr capita. It amounts to $16 66 per
bend, supposing that we have twelve millions of
twople. England, with all her ai-cumulated
wealth, with her concentrated and educated ener
gv. make but sixteen dollars of surplus produc
lion ier head. I have not made a calculation as
to the North, with her $95,000.0)0 surplus: a
a-ilii
mining that be extorts as much as we do, w
h"-r eighteen millions of population, it would be
but little over twelve dollars a head. But she
cannot export to us and abroad exceeding ten dol
lars a head against our sixteen dollars. I know
well enough that the Xsorth sends to the outh a
vast amount of the productions of her indu-trv.
I take it for granted that she, at least pays us in
that way for the thirty or forty millions dollars
worh of cotton and other articles) we send her.
I am willing to admit that she sends us consider
ably more; but to bring her up to our amount of
ourplus production, to bring her up to $220,-
.000.000 a vear, the South must Uke from her
150.000,000; and this, in addition to our share of
the consumption of the $330,000,000 worth intro
duced into tbe country from abroad, and paid for
fhi-fly by our own exports. "The thing isabrtird ;
it i.- imiiossible; it can never appear anywhere
but in a book of statistics.'
With an exjtort of $220,000,000 under the pres
ent ta'in, the cnth organized separately would
have $40,000,000 of revenue. itb one-fourth
the present tariff she would have a revenue ade
quate to all her wants, for the South would never
go to war; she would never need an army or a
navy, beyond a few garrisons on the frontiers and
a few revenue cutters. It is commerce that breeds
war. It is manufactures that require to be hawked
about tbe world, that give rise to navies and com
merce. But we have nothing to do but to take
off restrictions on foreign merchandize and open
out ports, and the whole world will come to us to
trade. I hey will be too glad to bring and carry
for us, and we never shall dream of a war. Why,
tbe txutn has never yet bad a just cause of war.
Every time she has drawn her sword it has been
on the pteVit of honor, and that point of honor
nas bei-n mainly loyalty to her sister colonies and
sister Sutes, who have ever since plundered and
calumniated her.
But if there were no other reason why we
Fhnuki never have war, would any sane nation
make war on cotton? Without firing a gun,
without drawing a sword, should they make war
n us we could bring tbe whole world to our feet
The South is perfectly competent to go on, one,
two or three years, without planting a seed of
oottnn. I believe that if she was to plant but half
1 s
ner coiton, lor three years to come, it would be
an immense advantage to her. I am not sure bat
that after three years' of total abstinence she
would come out stronger than ever she was be
fore, and better prepared to enter afreh upon her
great career of enterprise. What would happen
if no cotton was furnished for three veats? I
will not stop to depict what every one can im
agine: England would topple headlong and carry
the whole civilised world with her. No, you dar
not make war on cotton. No power on earth
dares to make war upon it Cotton it king.
Until lately the Bank of England was king, but
she tried to put her screws as usual, the fall before
'ast upon the cotton crop, and was utterly van-
nuitli
hed. 1 be last power has been conquered
Who en doubt that bis looked at
recent events.
that cotton is tutreui? When tne abuse of ered.it
n- u c'siroye" hni: nnnioiiHiea connaence,
wbe- it tii- stior'gest coitiiuercial
bo id -r" cf niing down. aid hun-
i j i : - i ,
irt-vi- o:" t'... k-s -i d.;iMnof supposed property
eva-crating in ihin air, when you came to a dead
lock, and revolutions were threatened, what
brought you up? Fortunately for you, it was the
commencement of the cotton season, and we have
poured in upon you one million six hundred thou
sand bale of cottonjust at the crisis to save.you
from destruction. That cotton, but for the burst
ing of your S-ecltivw bubblea in tho lorth,
which produced the whfle of this convulsion,
would have brought us $100,000,000. We have
a Id it for Stf3.000.0u0. and tavtd y'-o. Thir v
five million dollars we, the slavt-h. lders f the
South, have put into the charity box for your
magnificent financiers, your "cotton lords," yaur
merchant princes."
But, ir. tle greatest strengch of the Stmtb aries
frojH the harm nr of her -oli'ifal and -a-ial insti
tutions. This harmony gives her a frame of so-
iet , the be in the w'-nd. and an extent of po- I
l.tical freeuotn, cntbiiied with entiri security,!
such a no othe- peopl evr enjoyed upon the face
of the earth. Society nreoedes government.
ate. U, ought Wi4u lt;W M wj
'i v i. v!.in!iM. 0n) the ease
-art l' -a uw.a ait i4cv.v -a v . - , i
Hni-rMTtt t eoYtu-nmarit Is no sooner created.!
haw it becomes too strong for society, and ahapes-'r
Tid moulds, well as oonwort it.- . n- liwr. u-
. - V r I.,H anil rS Intflli-
siries the progress of cluilir-ition
once ha made the diyergence a. great as U pro
'uoo eivil wars and revolution ; and it is nothing
now but the want of harmony between verri
ments and societies which occasions all the a Ties -inese
and trouble and terror that we see abroad,
t waa this that brought on the American Revo-
nrtn V threw off a sroverament not aoapwo
system, and made on for .ourselves
is how far have we succeeded ? ' The
tooth, to fkr as that Js ooncerned; i satisfied, bar
nnnru). fn.l TlMartPrOrlS . - .. .
In all social systems there 'roost be a class to do
he men duties, to rretorm tne aruagery o me.
'hat is, a clasj r. quiring but a low. oraer.or mtei
' and but little skilL Its. requisites are yigor.
ocility. fidelity. Such a class you must have, or
i .fMildxio.tiaye. that other, class whhJeadk
.rogreas. civilization -and refinement. . "Jt cdnstin
tites the yery mud-eill of society and qf political
nnnmMit : and you " might as well attempt tt'
Miild a house in the air as to bnild either 'the ohrT
or the other, except on this mu-siU. . Fortunte
y for the South, she found a race adapted to tht
.urpoee to her hand. A race inferior to her own.
tit eminently qualified jn temper, in .vigor, in
nfilitv. in cauacitv to 1 stand the ; climate tt:
aII hftf iwunvseiL ' We . use. thetn lor our
and call them slaves.- "We are old fashior
t at the South yet : it is a word dLsoarded now by
ears nolite :" I will not characterize that class at
h North with that terni ; Trtif you have it; it is
here; it is every where : it is eternal
Tbe Senator from New York said yesterday
hat the whole world had abolished slavery. Aye.
he name, but not the thing ', all he powers of th
arth cannot abolish ' that God only can do it
vhen he repeals tbe fiat, u the poor ye alwav
have with vou for the mn who Uvee by daily
:.hnr and srarcelv lives at that, who has to put
ut his labor in the market and Uke" tie best he
ran get for it ; in short, your whole class of man
lal laborers and "operatives." as you call them.
ire essentially slaves. The difference between us-
a that our slaves are hired for life and well com
,nsated : there is no sUrvation, no begging, n
orant nf mnloyment among our people, and not
too much employment either. Yours are hired
hv the Hv: not cared for. and Scantily com peri
ated, which may be proved in the most painful
manner, at anv hour, in any street in any of your
large towns. Why, sir, you meet more wggat
in one day. in any single street of the city of New
York, than you would meet in a lifetime in the
whole South. Our slaves are black, of another
nd inferior race. .The rtatui in which we bav
rJared them is en elevation. They are elevated
from the condition in which God first created
them, bv being made our' slaves. If one of tha
raoa on tho whole fsoe of the globe can be com
oared with the slaves of the South:. .They are
happy, content unaspiring, and utterly incapable.
from intellectual weaxnnes, ever to give us any
trouble by their aspirations: Yours are white, oi
.your own race ; you are- rroiners oi one oiooa.
They are your equals in natural .endowment of
intellect and they feel galled by their degrada
tion, our slaves ao not vove. e give uiem no
political power. Yours do. vote, and being the
majority, they are the depositaries of all your
Dolitica power. If they knew the tremendous se
cret that the ballot-box is ronger .than, an army
with banners, aad could combine, where would
vou be? Your society would be reconstructed.
your govern ment overthrown, your property divid
ed, not as they have muuiceniy at tempiea to in
itiate such proceedings by meetings in parks, with
. . . . . ...
arms in their hands, but by the quiet process of
the ballot-box. You have been making war upon
is to our very hearthstone.' . TIow. would you likr
for us to s"nd lecturers and agiutors. North, to
t i.h tfae&e people this, to aid m cooiMnicg, and
to L ad them 7 i
Mr. Wilson and others. Send them along..
Mr Hammond. You say send Ultra along.
There is no need of that Your people are awake
ning. They are coining here. Thev are thun
dering at our door for homesteads, one hundnd
and sixty acres of land for nothing, -an4 South-
era Senators are supporting them. Jay, tney
are assembling as I have said, with arras in their
hands, and demanding work at $1.0C0 a year for
six boars a day. Have you heard that the ghost
of Met.doxa and Torquemada are sulking in the
streets of vour great cities ? That the inaHiition
i at band? There is afloat a fearful .rumor that
there have been uonsulutions for ; vigilanee coin
mittees. I ou a now wbat that means.
Transient an' temporary causea have thus far
been your preservation. The, great West ha
been open to your surplus population, and your
hordes of semi-barbarian immigrants, who are
crowding in year by year. Tby make a-great
movement, and you call It progress. hither 7
It L progress ; bnt it is progress towarosvigilance
committees. Tbe South have sustained you in a
great measure. You are ouf factors.' You bring-
and carry for u One hundred and fifty million
dollars of our money payees ' annually through
vour hands. Much of it sticks ; alLof it assists to
keen your machinery blether and in motion.
Suppose we wer to discharge you; suppose we were
to Uke our business out ot your bands; we should
oonsign you to anarchy and poverty. - You com-
piain of the rule of the South: that has been annth
er cause that has preserved you. We have kept
the government conservative to the rreat purpo
ses of Government We have placed her. and
kept her, upon the Constitution; and that has been
the cause of your peace and prosperity. ' The
Senator from New York says that that is about
to be at an end : that you intend to take th Gov
ernment from us ; that it will ptuu from our hands
Perhaps what he says is true ; it may be ; but do
not forget it can never be forgotten it is writ
ten on the. brightest page of human history that
we, the slaveho ders of the South, took our coun
try in her infancy, and. after ruling her for sixty
out of the seventy years of her existence, we shall
surrender her to vou without a suin upon her
honor, boundless in prosperity, incalculable in
ber strength, the wondor and the admiration of
the world. Tim will show what you will make
of her ; but no time can ever diminish our glory
or your responsiDiuiy,
SnocKiyo Atvaii On Saturday last Robt.
Schmidt, of Theruea, in Dodge county, shot down,
in the street of that place, Harriet fieidler, a young
lady about twenty years o' age. The parties were
engaged to be married about one year ago, and
Schmidt had come over from St, Paul, where he
has resided about a year, to fulfill tbe engagement,
but the parents of the young lady objected to the
marriage in consequence or which it was arranged
between the lovres that Schmidt .should first shoot
the young ladv and then shoot himself. He exe
cuted his design, so far as the young lady was con
cerned, but failed to shoot himself on account of
the loss of the cap on his run..' After failing in
this he ran and threw himself into the river with
the intention to drown himself, but was rescued
by persons who saw him. He is now arrested and
awaits a trial. The charge (which was offine
shot.) entered the left breast of the young ladv
, ' a - , -. i i -
ana muiciou a oorrioie wounu, ox wmcn sue ex
pired or Sunday morning, about two o'clock.
She had her senses up to the last, and charged her
parents with being responsible for the awful deed
and acquitted her lover of all the blame. The
parties, as their names indicate, were Germans.
Milwaukee Aeic of the IGthinsL
Tiroisia. Legislature. Both Louies have
passed a bill for the relief of certain internal im
provement companies and holders of debts on ac
count of the construction of State work by an i
sue of certificates of State stock. The Sahate
has passed the bill appropriating the sum of
$800,000 to the Covington ai.d Ohio railroad, to
be expense d in 1858 and 1859. j ln tbe House,
a motion was pending n Thursday to add anoth
er million to be expended in, 1 8 60, The House
has indefinitely postoned tue bill granting cer
tain privileges to the Pittsburg and Steuben ville
Railroad Company.
i Thk NxwFikk Coufjouxs. The Old Street
nd Virginia Fire Comj auies were reorganized
tan night. The first nam-d elected the- f41owing
officers: D-iniel D-mson, Caj-tain ; James -E. 'AJ
gHi, First Assistant, and F. S. Anthony, S. c-
id Assistant. This compa-iy has enrolled thirty
two names. The Virginia elected T. AL. Traylor,
Captain: J M. Donnan, First Assistant, and
Chs. E. Bu-hop, Second Assistant. Namei en
rolled forty-one. reUraburg ' Intelligent er. V.'.'.v
! o
: Miss Martha Haines Butt, tha faacinQtinor nnVt
gifted authoress, of Norfolk, is soon to be united '
WgV " i.JJjSSffi'SxiS:
C03IilVMCATIOKS.
A- REPLY TO "EVERY WIFE, HER OTO
' : : x - .-. "xCK TSI HEQ1ST18. ;
JfjL 8TV : Your ,u jf flie 9tb fnstapt-oon-"
tained an inrrir? xns& fo
trine Vde4.i4.:. !'-. 4-Ewrv;wii her ewi-tormentori--in,
"thW-T lsoti..w Our. lords",
read it with considerVie gusto,, and recommend--d
us to a careful jeru.Hl of it, thweby ticitly in
timating that we (if not to the fullest extent)- bad.
t some extent bcen gailtv of practising thost
lessors. Now, we respect, that the author waj
hen-pecked, and that he Tuishl have headed hi?
peioe mor- appropfistely thus : ''The way a nqyel
readihg,. fancy .-educated girl, of whom 1 assayed
to mfthe a wiie.renaerea permit iki m luiwnwc. .
However this way bf we. think the woman cape
hU of ofactiaing the"laons given,: no mofo wor
thy of the! position of -wife, or" rtothett than i"e
hioed of the masculine gender, whasmokos princitx;
'cigars, and "drinks fine liquors, bought with money
that Ought to. .be expenuea ior tie qoimort anc
credit Of hi- wife and childrenftp. the honor
husband. Our -object is rot 'to give you an tin
avcable opinion of "our.owri husbands. fort"?ey
are generally tolerably clever fellows now, but tf
appear in defence'of pur own sex, and to. give ii
as clear a; manner as weean some Of the means, by
which husbands may render .themaelvos and theii
'wives happy. , .
As early as proprinty will admit after the nup
tial festivities, let theni lay before their wives som
well digested phi n whereby they expect to pn
cure a iivelihood.'and surround their families wkl
the comforts .and luxuries of life. Let the hus- j
hand give his plan and then ask Lis wife's.advi'v. J
If she oacapaoie oi instrucungl.iiouiiiig wm -
ford he more pleasure than to enlighten lur
uKnm'Khn has nromisod to obey. lOVe. oEC. It SDi-
iia Vifr inn bilitv to advise, she will nevertheles'-
appreeite the spirit that prompted him tO'seek
for information at the. proper source, and loyp him
more, devotedly. Let htm then imprint a kiss.
and sro forthwith to his shop or farm, work vigor
ously, and as. soon as he can spare a moment j let
him hasten to his DKJLR or HONET (as an ot u an
when first married) and tell her what he bas done.
Hnd hbw nure afiection imDeliei him to steal a
mnnuini fmm his vnrk for the.enioVment of het
company let him honor and love her as he, has
promised, to ao; lei nim continue ims; nu nui
when the novelty of marriage be. passed, begin to
Buffer his affections to be weaned .from her by the
poor wretches who frequent drinking saloon0 and
other nines of dissipation. Ah ! how many poor
arirb have left their father's, house to be fondled.
awhile by a thoughtless youth, and then to suffer
the acontes and 1IU ot a arunKara s wire i xei
the huoband, when he gets to the house, devisi
some meens to attract the fretlul child from lt-
wearied mother : express his regret athnr necoswa
rv confinement: enquire bow she gets along du
ring his abetence, and tell her how determined he
is to be attentive, industrious, and economical
how he has forsaken old bad practices- for her
sake, and how he has thus saved greatly. All
this, with the grateful wife s response, may be gone
through with in a few moments, and then he may,
if ha have anything to read, aaic ner to read to
Hiu while he nurses. Let him not as his partner
becomes more vigilant and active. for hie comfort,
grow (a some do), harder to please. .Let him
ever show a determination t0 keep from his wife
anything calculated o distress," and inform her
fully of anvthtrc important or interesting, in a
word, let him show by his every act .and word.
that next to bis God. she is uppermost in his af
fections, and our word for it thev will both be
hppy. We could give vou a volume in describ
ing how men have neglctod their wives first an"
and their business, and thus brought upon them-.
selves ruit-ery and ruin ; the -ond is fullof.it.
Arid W cannot expect yu to lave a greater snaor
of your excellent paper hued with tnis Kina o:
stuff than what we have' written will occupy.
Very resf-ectfully, WIVES.
OPENING or- i7T-
Accord:
s l)F JAPAN.
tria
raiK'r tb-
treaty sorutiv. :. . . . cv xlojland with Ja
pan provides lor t!.. .ning of thy ports of Nan
emsajci and Hakodi, tp all nations, Hhe first after
October last. and. the second ten months later .
The Dutch i however, are to continue to pay .5 5
pier cent, on the value of goods imported, but Ja
pan consents and binds itself to recover, without
charge,- all claims of the Dutch upon Japanese,
and guaranties the payment of all gO"ds bought
by the Japanese at public sales. Other features
of the treaty are translated from the Paris journal
by the Philadelphia Bulletin, as follows: ..
urchasos mde by the uutch will be paid 'n
bank bills, isued bv the Court of Accounts, which
is bound to change ihem on precentntion for Japan
ese coin. An Kxctutnge and iMzaar wul be es
tablished at Hakodadi to facilitate transactions
between the natives and Europeans. Prof- sdors
of .the Japanese language will be appointed by
the authorities, with power to receive as pupils,
without distinction,. ail foreigners who may wish
to learn the language of the country. . The Dutch
resident will be received by the chief of thepov-
ernment whenever he may have international
questions to discuss. The free exercise of their
religion is granted to all the Dutch, 'and the prac
tice of obliging them to trample on the cross of
Christ is abolished forever. Ihey will also be al
lowed to bring their wives and children with them
to Japan.
The Japanese have, however, combined some re
strictions with their generosity. Thus it is strict
ly forbiden to export specie ot any kind, or to sed
arms or munitions of war to any other parties
than the government. It is believed, hiwcver,
that in regard to the first of these prohibitions,
tbe commissioners are not. far from obtaining
some concessions.- .. .
The Perils or CeinoliKk.-
-The folllowing par-
agrapb shows tho perils of
wearing too many
hoops:
The frightful death in Boston, on Friday night
last, of Miss Barnard, a daughter of George Bar
nard, Esq., a wealthy merchant of that city, who.
was standing near .the chimney-piece when her
under-garments suddenly took, fire, was caused by
crinoline . It is hardly necessary for us to inflict
upon our lady readers a lesson in physics, in or
der to make it perfectly plain to them that the
protection of the flames in such a case by the en
veloping crinoline must act upon them precisely
in the manner of a chimney with a 'blower' and
draught; and if they would form some notion of
ine extent oi ine aangers ot mis kind wn'cb they
w . . ,, J J -T ; . . . n . ,
acvuaiiy anu uaiiy incur, wo may reier inento
tne juonaonuouit journal oi ten. zotn, in which
we find a catalogue of no less than nineteen deaths
from this cause, occurring" in England between
the 1st ol" January snd the middle of February.
-Certainly an average of three deaths per week
from crinoline in conflagration ought to startle
the most thoughtless of the privileged sex ; and
to make them, at least, extraordinarily careful in
their movements and behavior, if ' it fails (as of
course it win ) to deter tnem trom adopting a fash
ion so irauguc wiin pern.
IKQTXBST. On Friday last, the 19th inst., Cor
oner it. J. Jones proceeded with a jury to the
scone of the murder ofMr.C. H Kiiton, and
held an -inquest over-the body of the ueceased.
After a careful examination and hearing Of all the
evidence, the Jury arrived at the conclusion that
Mr, Nixon came to his deatto by a shot from a
pistol in. the hands of Peter, a ri"way slave, be
longing to Mr. Owen Hoirr . t ter has been
committed to Jail, and now '. -its l i : tal in .
pursunnceof tha w-rnM . . . n 0r,iier IFi!-
mington Ecm ' ' .
Death oi
bear of tbe d-n'u
defiarted this lifo
: . ,-a iAiSu - ive regret to
,i. ihi exc-iifiif citizeh; -who
ut his ieadencx-;riir. Kaudolpli
Countv, on tiie l2tL
inst. .- - ,. . .: ...... ,
MURDBK Br SLAVES. - V
Mr!
Maxwell, ;residintr near Bardstown. -KTv..
was found dead On, Wednesday last. It has been
discovered since that fie us murdered by his own
negroes, one oi wuom nas conlessed his participa
tion in tbe erime. : ''
- - THE BARK , ADRIATIC ". .
- Sayankah, Murch . 18 Tie fum.us nark Ad
rinCic, which eluded the French authorities so sue-
a - fully, arrived at. this port this mon,ing.
The Harrison Flag i.ublUh d . at Marshall
THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS.
f: W-ashtkgtos'. March 18. 5e&.iff. Wil?
on said -that an i&iormal agreement had beer
made that the Senator: frm Georgia-vshould tak;
the floor on' the Kansas (quostion. He also pro
posed aft evening session f which was agreed to '
.- Mr. Gwjn offered- a resolution of -inquiry a to
"vha't'steps had been liAen to punish tlie varpe
-rtPrsvf-the massacre of the ;118 (emigrants in
TJtah.-,,; - ; ' ' :
: After the usual mornlrr banineao the tnaa
hill - was resumed. ' Mr. Toothbs made a . long
speech in favor of the admission of Kansas under
the Lecompton constitution He severely, con-'
demned -the JTorthern movements to prjuaice tht
South end preve. t the admission of additional
.sUve'StateaJnto' the Cnioti. -
When Mr. Toombs conciuded Mr. ceil com-
pA an anti-LeconiDton sneech.' ' ' ' " -
After.a recess jtill 6, o'clock the Senate re-aaiem-
bled. when' Mr. Bell resumed.
10 O clock P. M. The Senate is still Rebating.
-ind a late session iant.cipated '
House. Mr. Savage, the army bill being undr
.onsidniAtion, argued in favor of the employment
, f- yolupteers and aeainst the recommendation of
he Secretary of W ar for the permanent increase
of the "armv. He co ntended that if it b came
prevaleht we must depend for defense on the
-tandini? army : the uoiverstl self-reliance for
protection now actuating the people would be
-tricken down.
Mr. Savage and Mr. Ouitman - made spercbe
in favoof the bill to authorize the President to
ccett the services of Volunteers for TJtah and
Texas.? Other gentlemen also participated in the
debate, a ter which the ilouse adjourned. .
March 16. Seriate. Mr.' Gwin's resolution in-
Atiiuiitig enquiry relative to the murder of 1 18
- - . .ai a .1 Y -l
men at Great .ileadows, Ualitorma, iy tne inaians
r Mormons, passed.- .
Mr. Seward presented a petition for the prompt
extinction of slavery. '
Thh Kansas discussion . was renewed. Senator
Poster made a sboech. -
Huitse.lT. Quitman's bill for one regiment of
mounted men toJbeued in defence of the Texan
irontier, and for four regiments of volunteers for
general service, was passed. . .
Senate. March 20. Mr. Foote, of Vermont,
took; the floor. He was opposed to the Lecompton
Constitution, ine people of Kansas bad repudia
ted it by popular voice und official remonstrance.
It has fraud upon its forehead. Shall it be forced
upon an opposing and remonstrating people ? In
the name of the sovereign State, and copartner in
the Un ion. Jon whose part he enoke, he entered
his earnest protest against it. .
Tho House went into the Committee of the
Whole On the state of the Union, having the de
ficiency bill under consideration.'
Mr rrns worth, of Illinois, referred to the re
cent abolition f?l of serf-dom in Russia, and ex
pressed his surprise at the consummation of such
'ah event in one of the most complete deejtotisms
on earth, while-the institution of slavery still ex
isted in the United States, a country I Having tne
freest of all governments.
Mr, MJ nard, of Tenn., said that, after having j
heard three months discussion on the Kansas
juestion, he saw no reason why be should vote for
tbe admission of JLanaas. under the Jecompton
constitution.
SlCKirKPS AT THI VlVGiyia. TJjf ITESaiTT. It
is stated that much Bicknesa now prevails at the
fjnivtrsity of Vireinia, and that the young men
are rapidly repairing to their homes in order to
avoid the contaerion. Several tfeatns liave taken
place, and much alarm prevails. The Stanton
Spectator. savi tha disease is tvphoid fever, and
tVe coniectttres are various as to the caufe of its
oriHn, but it is piostly attributed to some defect
about the buildings or grounds. !'
m HE UNIVERSITY OF FREE SfEDI-
1 CIXE and oopulv knr.wledpo, organized for thi
purposfi of arresting the evilx of; worthies and spu
rous noatm-trs. and supplying "tfiussues with rehsbk
JMuic-sti- HfieD-iies, have sold t. Messrs. J. A C. J.
0WLE3, -1 Elkville. N. C, an assortment, of their
vsJuable compounds, vis:
KOWAJNU S TONIC XIXTUKB for tne ours of
, : ' . Ague, ete.j .
: " Bjrup of Blackberry Root, for tha ears 6f
i . . Diarrhoea, e&;
Tbe. University Remedy for Lung Complaints, etc.:
f " r " " Dyspepsia, or Indtjrestion, "
' - Costive Bowels, (PUls) -
I " " -" Sore Eves,
t " Ear aohe and Deafness.
u
M
" " Tooth ache.
- Fever and Ague, fin form of
i Pi";)
I y . Cholera, etc
Unlike the various nostrums of the day, these Reme
dies dDend nnon their 'merits for DouularitT. Thev
are to be bad of the Messrs. COWLES, at Elkville. and
ortheir gents, as follows : ... '
A. O. Mcintosh, Taylersville: D. John Fink. Con.
cord; James M.Allen, Miltop; AlxanderMcAlpin. Yan
cey Ule ; wv. c Walker, Persimmon Creek T. T. Good
ing. New ber;. Jam's N. Smith, Faye.tteville: '.Wl
liam.M Farabee, Shady Grove; David H. Idol, Ab
botfs Creek; Transou A Bro.i Pfafftown ; A. T. Zevs-
1t. Salem : F. S. Marshall, Halifax : W. Levi Lore.
Waynesville: R. Barrus A Son, Polloksville; IL P.
Helper, Davidson College ; W. H. Lippitt, WUminjrton;
Dr. A- O. -Bradley, Wilmington: Henry Culpepper.
Elizabeth City: Satferfield A Williams, Roxboro;
Sarauol Young, , A shebbrugh ; David Merrill, , La
Grange; R. S. Long, Rockineham : R. D Mosely A
Col, Clinton; W. A. Lash, Walnut Cove; Josiah
Cowles, Jr., Jonesville ; J. A A. C. Cowles, Hampton-
vilie; liucas u.J. Moore, uoiasborougb.
roar 10 Jyr?ej '
1858. 1858.
r . - FRESH SPRING GOODS.
LANIER, BROTHERS. A CO.,
Importers and Jobbers of Dry Goods,
Hp. 256, Baltimore Street, '
BALTIMORE,
H
AVE NOW IN STORE A LARGE AND VA
RIED assortment of choice
FANCY AND STAPLE DRY GOODS,
.which they offer to their friends and the trade, at ex
ceedingly low prices. .
To eath and prompt ? months buvert they are pre
pared to oner strong inducements.
feb 24 Zmin -
R'A G S. ,
Office of Nense Manufacturing Co.,
Raleigh, March 13, 1858. J
rTIHE DEPRESSED STATE OF TWE PAPER
1" ' Market obliges this Company to require their cus
tomers to pre-pay freight on Rags. .
rrpm and after tbe Erst of April next, and untu
further notice, onr uniform price will be 3) cents per
pound for good cotton or linen nags, delivered, freight
vata, at eitner i epot in ttaieign, or at our Mills.
Business letters to be addressed to H. W. HrsTin,
Treasurer of the Company.
SI0N H. ROGERS,
mar 17 swwtlap President.
r SIDNEY A. SMITH, '
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
! Smithfield, N. C, i
WILL ATTEND, REGU-LARLV, THE COUNTY
and Superior Courts of Wake, Johnston, Cum
berland, flarnett and Wilson. All business entrusted
to his caro wilf receive prompt attention. ' f
" ian 13 wmwIt " j
- SADDLES, HARNESS, BRIDLES, Ac. I
TffE UNDERSIGNED HAS ON HAND, OF
his javn manufacture, :
Laxdies' and Gents' Saddles, of every grade
. and quality Boys' and Wagon do.;
varnage, uuggy, t an ana
Wagon Harness, and
all ether Goods -;
"'nsnally .
kept in a RegnlAr Saddlery Establishment,
"Which will be scW lOW frr caab,r on abort credit to
punctual buyers. Orders thankfully received, and
pntnptly exe-uted. !
mar 13 tf - C. W. D. HUTfHINO S.
TRUNKS! TRUNKS I TRUNKS I--50
Sole Leather and other Ladies and Gents' Trav
elling Trunks; VaTices ; Carpet, Leather and Cloth
Travelling Rags, in stora and for sale by .
mar 13 tf . C. W. D. HUTCHING S.
Standard eopy.
ARMSTRONts, CATOR A CO.,
i: impoutb8 ahd jobbsbs or
RIBBONS, MILLINERY, SILK GOODS,
' . Straw Bortnets, Flats,
; .. Flower and Ruchet.
JNo. 237, BALTIMORE STREET,
V BBTWeXN CBABLES AJH HA50VIR STS . .
' BALTIMORE.
: Our Stock is unequalled in variety, extent snd cheap
ness. Terms, strictly six mouths, or tt pef sen,, off; tur
far fuads. tso 17 -
A
aOPKlSS. Ht'L L A CO.,
' Wholesale Dry Good Merchants,
" ; . 253; Bdltimor4Strtt, .
Tf NVITE TUT. ATTENTION- OF ECYEHS To
X, th laoS .A.TP VAEISD ToCX OF . "
British,' French and Arnericnn Dry Good,
for Ppring biI oh inrr raloVWh tLiy r n re
eeiving. I
For CASH, or to pkomst ifrtfcs,thcy nill ofTr
grent indaeenesta.' Ppecini ,attBtwn fta ui or Jus.
BalAore, Jiarcn a. .
Rules roR c ax (Jelling, oh
ABEIDGED ARITIIMETC.- ThesaPalM wii
apply to all questions in AritLnielir, hotrwer dufult
they may soem.- By the observing of thess Ralei juo '
may solve them without nracb hetftation. -.
; Contents of the Sheet :'
'Short Method of Multiplying aad IHrtdicg Fraotluni ;
" '.. .Lumber Aleasurs, Vlovd ila.uri,
Compatlng Land Measure ; to tell tlie'nutrber of hiu
jrlesto eoera house; to find the solidity . of eylindcr,
globes, Ac. Finding the per rept. gained or lost by
an article at afortaio prire; ?hort Method of eonipiit
ing Interest, and various other rules Doner ofTcrsd to
tho pullio before". They are printed on good paper,
and print of go"d siv By .taose Rules a man est
make from $20 to $61) per trotlt, teaeblsg to Cla'sei at
$1 per scholsr. ' , : . '
- Any person sending me 75 cent, shall reerire i-ns
copy; 5 eoplca for $3 ; 10 e,.j,ie for $5.. i
, Agents wanted to sell lVso Rulo in every eoaaty.
All order mart be .eent to the subcritx-'r; and tl'is
Rules will to set.tfreo of poitajjo. A t-lrr
? B. .V. RMITn,
feb!7 w3ir Centre. X. C.
MITCHELL'S FALLS.
AGENTS WANTED IN .KYERT C0UXTY OF
the Ftafe to caurn- tie esme snd "procure sub.
crjbera' names for the ne aud ilnlirery of an esrel
ent Lithogrsphic Pictnra taken up-jn the spot and got
ten up ia the finest style of tbr nrt. rcprdntiiig I ho
place where the Her. Klivlta Mitchell loethi lit'e.in bi
explorations of the Black Mouutsins, in the fniuoiir of
1 857. Lpon the receipt of tbrae dollars we will fur-
nUh to any person desirous of taking so sgenrv, two
Pmtnres, one tinted and one colored,-a sauiples. with
full particulars as to tbe terras of tbe spercy, . AV
will offeclndurcments FnOiru-iit to mhke it pay as ener-
getic sgetit. or further parUoulsrs, sddro us at
Asheville, N. C. ;
feb 3r-ir6m LEWIS & DICKEXS0X..
HAVING MADE ARRANGEMENTS TO ENTER
In to tbe mercantile buwine at Sassafras Fork, la'
Hranville county, I now offi-r for sale my tuwn property
in Henderson, on the RaJeigh and Gaston Railroad, con- .
sistinK of a well improved lot of five or tn acres, and
two noimproved lots, with a lot of wood laud in Lsif
a mile, sufficient to supply wood for several years.
I will sell this property low aud ntuke the term
easy. -
I have prsetieed mcdinne here for'seren year, and
ean recommend the location as an exoelleiit one for a
physician. There is a male and female school in the
village; Episcopal, 91etbouit and --Uaptitf (.fcnrcbe,
also.' Persons wishing to purchase the property will
please make early application, .
A. U. 11AKK1H, M. V.
Henderson. W. C... Jan. P wtr -
J.
n. GRAHAM, DEXTIST, RESPECT
FULLY bees loaro t" inform his .frinds snd
tne publie eenersllr. tbt in addition ta his former
knowledge and xporin in DENTAL SUR'JEKT,
he has also recently availed hiuiM-H of a knowle-lca
of, and the right to oractioo the Cheoplastic Pro
cess of mounting Artificial Teeth, a process applica
ble under all circumstances, possessing decided advan-.
tagee over ail others heretofore practird, ard by
which, from a single tooth t a lull set may b beau--
tifully, durably and usually inserted an 4 worn aith
remarkable ease and comfort to the patient.
AH other operations pertaining tj bis profession
performed in a scientific manner.
AddioM aiaoavviila, Aiauianoa ooiUity, IV. V.
feb 6 wSnitk
185?.
SPRING TRADE.
K K R R 4 M A R B U R Y ,
' PETERSBURG, "
1833.
Importers and Dee.!ers in Chici, Glass, Forthea
and
Stone Ware, lintsms snu Ssilrer Plated
Were, Lookirg Glaiscs
- Lamps, WsiUrs, Ac, i
ARE NOW RECEIVING THEIR .SPRING
STOCK; which is one of the largest aud most
varied we have ever bad tbe piasuire oi oCi-rine to the
public, comprising svtiry -srtkla to be fun ad in an ex-
tensive Crockery Establishment. j - -
We revpeotfnlly call the attention of Merchants to
the fact that we import our Foreign, and bdy SOUKS-
tic Goods of the Manufacturers, tl.orVy euablinr us
to-compete sucoessfully with any bulise North or South.
Baltimore Stone Ware of superior quality.
Goo s careluMy packed for. trauspvrtatioD.
JAMES KERH. , ' I L. A. MiaSCBT.
Petersburg, March 9. - w w
. CAROLINA BLACK HAWK."
"T1HI3 STALLION, SELECTED AND BROUGHT
1 from Vermont by Dr. Wa. Strudwick, will make
a -pring season in Hillsooro , to commence on the 1st
March and close on the 15th June. ' 1 . '
Terms: S30 season, if paid witl.in that time: $35
if not paid within that time; anil $10 to be paid with
in season, the mare not proving in foal to he served
next season free of charge; SI to grenin.
Mares from a distance will he boardicd by the ewa-
era of the horse at 37J cectspcr day. .
Special care taken to prevent aocidents, but do re
sponsibility assumed. .
PbBiorek: Carolina Biack Jlawk was sired by the
Old Vermont Black Hawk; he by Sherman Morgan.
be by Justin Morgan, (the father of the race of Mor- .
gang ) his dam was sired by the Old Postboy out of a
Morgan Marc.
This Stallion will bo seven years Old in Jalv next, of
a jet black color, medium site, weighing 1'2S lbs., snd
one of tbe host proportioned and most etagaot moving
norses that can be produced, and for gentleness Snd do
cility cannot he surpassed. . N
When three years old be was trot tod st tha Vermont
State Fair against a large field, and was the successful
competitor. -
The Fall after eon-ing to this State, hs shared at
State Fair the 1st premium with a horse-of same breed,
and last Fall at State Fair won tbe 1st premium without
scarcely an effort .
All communications addressed to the owner.
; CAIN A STRUDWICK, -
mar C 2m Hillsoro', N. C. '
S1
ECOND AND LAST NOTICE. ALL
persons indebted to the Estate of Isaae Procter,
dee'd., will please call at my office and make payment
at their earliest convenience, or they may expert to
find their notes and accounts in tho hands of officers.
Persons living at a distance who are indebted to said
estate will please write to me, as I know not where
many of them live, and it would save a great deal of
inquiry. ,J. K. MAKKiOIT, Adm'r.
mar 20 lm. ' -.'(
A CARD.
PERCIVAL &GRAXT,
Architects and Civil Engineers,
OODDINS HALL, RICHMOND, VA.,
H
A VING-SOME IMPORTANT; BUILDINGS
(for which they supplied designs) to SUI'ERI.V-
l biD IN THIS STATE, have found it necessary Ut
open a Branch Office in Raleigh, (second floor
Smith's Brick Building) "here they are prepared to
supply Designs, Working Drawings snd Specifications
for inurcnes, fublio and Private isuudings, and lay
ing off Ornamental Grounds Address Box 100, Ral
eigh, N. C, or Box 8' 8, Richmond, Va.
A vacancy for an articled pupil of good habits and
education. jau 20 Cm
IVERY STABLE, FRONTING MAR
KET SQUARE. The Subscriber keeps con
siaudy on hand at his Stables, fronting Market Squar,
Horses, and all kinds ot Vehicles, fohire
upon reasonable terms. He keeps also, in bis Stables,
Valuably Horses and Mules for tale.
His Stables arc ample for the aveommdation of
DroversrHorses, as wall as any number of others
that may apply
janlfi wiy ' " L. T. CLAYTON.
B
AKER'S CHOCOLATE, .
B.oms :
- Cocoa, . .
Macaroni, - . 1
Vermu-illi, i "
At ROldTEl., JONES A MOORED.
18, l'y ttiiie etrctt
mar S
FRESH PEACHES, PEARS AD PINE
. Apples, bermeticallr sealed, just rectird and
for sale by ; . fROYfTER, JON Ed A MOO HE. .
" -r . ; l' i -. - - - , - m. FYftHll
SAUCES I SAUCES It . " .
Worc-esterthlre, Harvey's Beefsteak, 8ywsr',
Subo and Pepper Sauces, at '.'i
.: -mar ? RAyRTRR. (riri -s wnont4
P P L E , RASPBERRY, CURRANT,
Strawberry, Peach and Qui re .Miies. inst to
baud at
R0TSTE", JONES t MOOKE'S.
mar 3 St "
50
BALES UP COUNTRY HAY ON
r-onaiiru:snt. Jutt rooirvt nt
oirvl nt
KiiirlT
R OYSTER. JONES MOOTFH.
1 NOTilF.K SUPPLY OF
Ki PEltltlR
Xm Faihily Flour, in sacks aud )srrel3
at
luar 11
ROVSIKR, JONES A MOORE'S.
11
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