if'
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
coTtX-CDrn.
Thie stale of fcfiVri was brough. a crisis in
.May last, bj the arwHMilgatiun of a decree levy hi g
a coatnbaUoa pro rot ugon all lb capital In
tbe republic, between ceruia fcifid amount,
held bjr Mexicans or foreigners. II r.
Forsyth, regarding this decree in the light of a
ma . m 11 aarainat it an
iJkatioa to hie countrymen, and ad ril them not
... m. A ll - - ' ? V 1 - - Va. mmtrTAm It a laa. f.va
guen Government on resengers and freight. -
In August, 1851, tha Accessory Transit Com
pany made it first Inter-oceanic trip oyer the Ni
caraguaa route, and continued in successful oper
ation, with treat advantage to the public, - until
tbe lsnh February, 181G, when it wsi closed,
a tA lYM arvatif rf i rta Atm rvsa rt w m war sail a Ira
ta-erv a" a Ma va e weai j.'w j a m a as ana
W, were summarily and arbitrarily revoKcd'by
tba Government of rrwidrnt Rivas. Previous u
ibis data, however, in 1854, serious disputes con
oernine the settlement of their accounts bad aris
en between tha Company and tha Government,
Iwmm v um cuuiKjom, aouvui b-t uru. en on ween ine lompar.y ana vue uovernmeni,
to ray tiia ooetributioa, but to suff.-r it tn be for- threatening tha interruption of the route at any
citJy exacted. Actio vpoa this advice, an moment. These the United State in vain cn-
Aa-reaa ciuxea refuaad to pay tha oatribatioa deavored to torn pose, , It would be uselesa to nar-
mad his cronrrtv was seised bv armed man to sat- nia tha varvvi iAra-.rainWWh la-ant ntoa l-
lefy tha aaaouai. Not content with this, the gov
erameat proceeded still further, and issued a de
er laalsiiag him front the country. Our rain
liter immediately notified them that if tha decree
shoald be carried into execution be would Jed it
his doty to adopt "tha most decided m was ores that
belong to the powers and oU'galaona of tha repre
eeatauve flc." Notwithstanding this warning,
tha baa Uh meet was enforced, and Mr. Forsyth
promptly aaaouaonj to tha government tha sus-
: a 1 : . : i . a a. ? a
....vawa. w v vaa 1 1 . -. A . wvaaaa W 1 1 B 1 1 !
rate tha various proceedings'which took place be-
iweea um parues up uu me ume wnen vne tran
sit was discontinued. Suffice it to say, that sint e
February, 1856, it has remained closed, greatly to
the prejudice of citizens of the United States.
Since that time the competition . has ceased be
tween the rival routes af Panama and Nicaragua ;
and, in consequence thereof, an unjust and un
reasonable amount" has bean exacted from our
citizens for their passage to and from California. .
si a . a 1. Ail a m taw
a treaiy was signed on ine loin uay oi xovem
f-.t-j ..-w. w cUu:ul Hii wi a uraiy waa sigrieu on dq aoiu uay ok xiovem
pesioo U the poUtical relations of his legation I bar, 1857, by the SecreUry of Suta and Minister
wuh theea. caul tha tJeasure ot his awn mthth. I r v;u., . nr v.
with tham, caul tha pleasure of lis own govern
aoaot should be ascertained.
ft " v f aJ wuMavi
tioa imposed by the docree ol the 15th May last
ta ha la strii tnma a utartd Lrmn " biwI n,k
prohibited by the
1BZ6 oett
utorced loan " and as such
10th artkla of the treaty of
ft ifem ttnAr f fi ait.) rail lafi.ini nf wKtrh fhj
dm and protection of the tr&mit route would bve
equally to all other uations. How and on what
pretexts this treaty has failed U receive the ratifi
mutual exchanges. A large quantity of American
Hour b consumed Jn Brazil ; wbiLst more than
treble the amount in value of Brazillian Coffee is
eoosumed in the United States. Whilst this in
ibe care,a heavr duty has leeo levied, until very
recoiitly, unon the importation of American flour
Into Brazil. -1 am gratified, however, to be able
to inform you that in September last, this has been
reduced from $1.32 to about forty nine cents per
barrel, and the duties on other articles of our pro
duction have been diminished in nearly the same
proportion. - . T " . .
1 regret to siato that the Government of Bra
zil still continues to levy an export duty of about
article is admitted free from duty in the United
Statue. This is a heavy charge upon the cousu
mers of coffee in our country, as we purchase
half of the entire surplus crop of that article
raised in Brazil. ' Our Minister, under instruc
tions, will reiterate his efforts to have this export
dutv removed ; and it is hoped that the enlight
ened Government of the Emperor will adopt
this wise, just, and equal policy. In that event,
there is good reason U. believe that the com
merce between the two countries will greatly in
crease, much to the advantage of both.
The claims of our citizens against the Govern
ment of Brazil are not, in the aggregate, of very
Urge amount ; but some of these rest upon plain
pr nciples of justice, and their settlement ought
nnt trt Ka l.tnirop (1mvj-1 A ronAirJ anil a.
nest, and I trust a successful, effort will be made
1 It . . j. a . .
of the manufacturing, interests, arid give a fresh J The rapid increase of the public debt, and th
impulse t our reviving business. -To thu, surely, , necessity which exists for a. modification of the
no person will 4..lject j : - ' ( tariff, to meet even the ordinary
In regard to the a of , assenting arul collect- ' .Government, ouht to admonish us
!aM A .4 t ajm v. A ah a I . I a ., I t ' -. at I 1" T ' . ' I
wm ivuwKif r,Uiel o I cation of the Hicaraguan Uovernment, will ap- ntat, and I trust a successful, effort will be made
great Britain and Mexico, to the J pear by the papers herewith communicated from I ly our Minister to procure their final adjust
ich America citiane are entitled I tha State deiextmenL The principal objection I menL -
heaafiu tt which American; citizjoe are entitled
by treaty; yt the impositios, of the contribu
Uoa. ap is. soreignars was considered sa unjust and
oppressive aMasure. Besides, internal factions in
ether parts of the republic were at the same time
levying similar exactions upon the property of
our ciuzaoa, aad iatarrupti&c their commeroa.
There had heaa aa entire failure on the part of
cur aaiaiitar to secure redress for the wrongs
which ear ctixeos had endured, fkrtwUhstandixig
his persevering efforts. And from the temper
msrifssud by the Mazicaa government, be had
repeatedly assured ua that so favorabU change
euuid be atvtwlajri- Until tLa. that TTnitawt -
shoald !va striking evidence of their will and
power to protect theu cdlixeaa," and that "severe
chaatealjig ia the only earthly ramed for our
grievances." From this sUwment of fancU, it
would have been werse thaa idle to direct Mr.
Torryth to retrace his steps aad resume diplomat
ic reiaUiocs with that goreraaaant ; and it was,
tharafore, deemed proper to sanction bis with
drawal of the legauoa from the city of Mexico.
Ammssi eause sow auMMbtedlr axta for a
- r- r j
seems to have been to the provision authorizing
the United States to employ force to keep the
route open, in case Nicaragua should fail to per
form ber "fluty ia. tLia respect, lrtom the feeble-
. .a.!.. J . v m
urn vi uimi rejaunuc, iu irequent cuanges oi gov
ernment, and its constant internal dissensions,
this had become a most important stipulation, and
one essentially necessary not only for the security
of the route, but for the safety of American citi
cens eaesinar and renASiinir In mnA fmm rair Pa
cific poaseauons. Were such a stipulation em
braced in a tleetv betWMn that TTnitaA Riala anil
I Nicaragua, the knowledge of this fact would of
ta 1 a . V V 1 . . l . .1 , t -
iiKii uum promoij prwveuw aoeuie peruee irom
committing aggaions on tha route, and render
our actual interference for its protection unneoes-
Oa the 2d of June last, Congress passed a joint
reauiuuon auioorizing tne iesident "to adopt
such measures and use such force as, in his judg
ment, may be necessary and advisable' "for the
purpose of adjusting the differences between the
UU1M9U ouavvs ana me aepuouc oi .rarAgaay,
in connection with the attack on the United
States steamer Water 'Witch, and - with other
measures referred to" in his annual message.-
Ana on tne iztn or ioiy following, they made
an
long entertained and often expressed the opinion,
that aiuinil nnlinn a.yi.;a. 4Yiim -Van.. 1.1 V. K
.specific duties, in cases to which these can be
properly applied. - Theyare well adapted to com
modities which are usually sold by weight or by
measure, and which, from their nature, are of
equal or nearly equal value. Such, for example,
are articles of iron of different classes, raw sugar,
ana ioreign wines and spirits.
In my deliberate judgment, specific duties are
the beet, if not the only means of socurir.tr the
rflVfenUfl Urainfit fataA anil fl-ilillnr innnivu anil
such has been, the practice adopted for thia'pui
pose by other commercial nations. Besides, spe-
ciuc auties would afford to the American manu
facturer the incidental advantages to which he is
fairly entitled under a revenue tariff. The pre
sent system is a sliding ale to his disadvantage.
under it, wnen prices are high and business pros
perous, the duties rise in amount when he least
requi.ee their aid. On the contrary, when prices
iau, uu ua u struggling againsi aaverBi;y, ine
duties, are diminished in the same proportion,
rrftjtlv to bia iniiirw.
Neither would there be danger that a higher
rate oi amy man mat intended by ' Congress
vuild htt lavifd in iha f.irm nf mnamKn aiitiaw - Tt
would be easy to ascertain the average value of
- tmKAa . -a: 1 - a . a
aujr am jii icu rMua iui senee oi years, ana,
i as Lead of subjecting it to an ad valorem duty at
a : a a a - ! I . f
a wiwiu imva veubuui,' w BUUUWw IU 119 place
an equivalent speciuc uuiy. .
By such an arrangement the consumer would
not be iniured. It is true, ha mitrht hr tanav
a little more duty on a given article in one year :
ka f 1... li a-.. a '
out ii so, ne wouia pay a mue less in anotner,
and in a series of years these . would counterbal
lance each other, and amount to the same thing,
so far as his lnteren is concerned. 1 This' incon
venience would be trifling when contrasted with
.a aai aa a -m . .a
v.a' &'ianti nA ii western front alonsr the Pa-'' . -. NOTirp
dfie, If alHhev nartt .btvunitsd by mHE BOOK AND PIANO fartk
icauon. we uhm ub- WKSS of E. P. Maru -:n il . V Bl,
Itedby ; , ,urs t. euui
JAMES B. ROUTH. ( Amtjlrm,)
JOS. V. NASH. (n E. P. X.i
Under the firm and style of
n . - n .
I
nxnenpes tdF the I easy, and rapia lniercommu
all; in our" re I cessarily command a very large proportion, of the
ro'ia nt ridA I trA(i both of Eurone tuid Asia Our recent trea-
I ties with China and Janan will ooen these rich
Usnsv awia v .-
ioa with China and Jaoan will ooen
and noDuious empires to our commerce , and the
history of the world proves that the nation which
has trained possession of the. trade with eastern
I eco-omy. The objects of expenditure should be
1; !a. Jr - I a. -At 1 a '
iiuiuuu io numoer. a lar as mis mav Deuracu-
cable, and the appropriations necessary to parry
mem into enect ougtit to De disbursed under tne i nas gaineupussewitm i " easioru i : r m a a ti 61 n n
strictest ae oounUbility. Enlitrhtened economy I Asia has always become wealthy and powerful. I with all the mdnnu .r,i.a..i i. ....
does not consist in the refusal to appropriate I The peculiar geographical position of .abfornia I tofore. ' . Bt"" W
money for constitutional nurnoses.- essential to I and our lacinq possessions myites American cap- i The same attention will U c-ir.n ... ..
ha ta.An.a. i L ' n'tl,a, T? I U.l an1 aanfarnrioA intra this fruitful field. To FftMn I aala nt PLana f ...I.. Lt.a. . alrUoi
public, but :
snail be wasted by mismangeinent, in its appuc
cousUtutional purposes, essential to and our lacinq possessions myites American cap- The same attention will be giren to the sal .
i, progress and prosperity of the Ee- iUl and enterprise into this fruitfulfield. , To reap sale of Piano Furtes, which are off-red upo Ta
in taking care that none of this money the rich harvest,' howerer, it is an indispensable aad liberal terms v sur f
tsted by mismangeinent, in its applica- prerequisite that we shall , first have a railroad to ; y .. L . X o N ,' TJt IAL."
ohificf a rlfwio-natavt bv Iaw. , J. - convey and circulate its products throughout every - dwh. .... ... JL
tiiin ti tho rknuanfa I iai rn a itxA Kvr latar
ai i . - a h " ;. 2'
, vximpansons Deiween - me annual expenuimre
at the nresnnt time, arnrl what . It wan tAn nr twen
ty years ago, are altogether fallacious. The rapid
renders a corresoandintr increase of expenditure.
to somfl AT tAn t iinavnirlialila Thin ia avin atari tlv
creating newjobjects of expenditure, and augment
ing the amount required, for the old. The true
AllAfitlnlaS ttiaan apa hava thaaOA aniont luaaan unnft.
t 1 1 f " jw " .
cessanly multiplied ? or, has the amount expend-
I . . u It a.. 1 1 A 1 .
ou upon nuy or au oi mem oeeq larger ui an ooui-
iMITisL witli ri ua awaaana-hmv 7 - . In aaanrhtvYanfaa larif rh
these principles, the beads of the different Execu
tive Departments of the Government have been
instructed to reduce their estimates for
the next faspjal xanr tn that lowmt itan.
dard consistent with the efficiency of the service ;
and this duty they have performed ia a spirit of
just economy. The estimates of the Treasury,
War, iNavy, and Interior Departments, have
each been in some decree reduced : and unless a
sudden and unforeseen emergency should arise,
it is not an tici naiad that a AtiiManfv will A-xiat in
either within the present or the next fiscal year.
The Post Office Department b placed in a pecu
cular position, different from tne other Depart
ments : and to this I shall hereafter refer. - .
I invito Coasresa to institute a riid scrutinv
to ascertain whether the expenses in all the de-
-portion of the Union. Besides,' such a railroad
through oor temperate latitude, which would not
be impeded by tne frosts and snows of winter,
nor by the tropical heats of summer, would
attract to .Itself much of the trave ' and the
trade of all nations passing between 1 urope and
Asia. - - ' -
' On the 21st of August last, Lieutenant J. N,
Matfit, of the United states brig Dolphin, cap
tured the s'aver Echo, (formerly the Putnam, of
New Orleans,) near Kay Verde,on the coast of
Cuba, with more than three hundred African
negroes on board. The prize, under' the com
mand of Lieutenant Bradford, of the United
States Navy, arrived at Charleston on the 27th
August, when the negroes, three hundred and six
in number, were delivered into the custody of the
United States marshal for the district of South
Carolina. They were first placed in Castle Pinck
ney, and afterwads in Fort Sumter, Tor safe-keeping,
and were detained there nntil the 19thofSep-
l V.- , a 1 a I J J x
tciuinr, wueii uin lurrifun, vu uuuurm atuu
seventv-one in number.' were delivered on board
tlua. TTnitax) fiiatAat itoomur Viarara Ia Ka (nnii
ported to the coast of Africa, under the charge of I g-
the agent of the United States, pursuant to the I
provisions oi ine act oi tne ' sa jviarcn, iaiy,
"in addition ta th actsnrobibitinz the 'slave
trade. " : Under the DAnnnii aAetinn nf thia aa-t tha
President ia "authorized to make such regulations
MR. RIC1IAHI1 lllr-IIaVai
Who hashed charge of the Piano Departmest fur tt.
last four years, will eontiaue with as. v r tb
Persons Indebted to the business of E P v .
will make payment to j&
' - ' - K. P. NASH CO
Comer of fiaak aad Sycamore . -
deeg-tf , . . P.ur,bg,
ALFRED M. WADDKI I
: ATTORNEY AT LAW,
. . Wilmingtoa, N. C.
v-'.-saT Prompt mttentio gitm to Co'Uetiont.
oet M ly
HATENS 18 'TAKING DAILY THOSE
beaatiful Melainotypes for 0 ets, put ap i,,
aioe ease, which are superior to the Ambrotype.
He is also taking Photographs as large as lif. M
eaarass, eolored ia oil from Daguerreotype o,
Call and leek at specimens at hU Gellery,
nov 17 HAVENS A ANDREWS..
t
an
try.
resort ta aWaUitiea agalnet the gererameet still
of the capital. Should ther
ahaadine- m
. f a- a aMMavarsai mw
succeed ta subdaiar the cons ti lotion al forces, all
reaaoaawe anpe wiu i&ea lutre arplred of a peace
ful ssialetaeat of our difficulties.
Oa the other hand, should the constitutional
party prevail 'and their authority be esUbliahed
over the repubUc, there i reason to hope that they
will be animaud by a leas unfrieadly spirit, and
xaav srraat thai r1r e in n maw I. rtti.am
which juatica reqaxrea, so far as they may twwses
aa. lw - Wat af a X I -m
aaaa. xwi ior litis expectauoa, l snook at
teoeaaaeai to Coorrees to grant the Be-
' aower to tha Praaj.Wlt tr taVa -
cc" a euOcieet portioa of the reonU aod unsettled
ah ta a SS . a a a a a
atariM-y os jtexioo, to oe neu ta pieage nntil our
lajsriea shall be redreaed and oor just demandj
be satisled. We bare alraady .exhausted every
xuildec means af obUioing jusuoa, Ia such a reee
tbia raaeaiy of reprisals ia recngaieed by the law
u iuoei, aos ooiy aa jus ta itseir. but as a
ataaeae ol preventing actual war.
Hat there ta another view of our rrlstxms with
Heiioo, arising from the unhappy condition ol
afaira aloeg our south weaWa frontier, which de
xoaads immediate actioa. I a that remote region,
where there are but few white inhabitants, large
bands of hostile and predatory Indiana roam pro
wibcooueiy over the Mexican Stales of Chihua
- hua aad Sooora, aad our adioiniar territoriea.---
The local goveramenU of these States are per
fectly BetpTesa, aad are kept ia a state of censtaat
alarm by the Indiana. They hare not the power,
If they f assess sd the wi3. even to restrain lawless
Xexioaaa from passing the border and eommit
tiag oVpredatioaat oa our remote settlers. A state
of aaarchy and Tiolestoa prevails throughout tbst
rftasawa troatler. The Uwa are a dead letter, and
aueau pvepeaty are wholly ineecure. for thia
a Iwaaaa ! aaa aja a aaaMaiaaB
it ia of great importance that a chain of inhabit
. aau should extaod all aloeg its southern border,
: eWSdaot fur their owa protection and that of the
U ailed States mail paauag to aad from Califor
nia. Well fooaded apprehensions are now en
lertaiaed that the Iadaaina. aad wandering lTexi
cane equally lawlees, may break up the important
euejv sua posts communion turn recenuy eatab
lamhed betweaa our Atlantic aad PadAe posses
aioaa. Thia passes very near to the Kaxkan
boundary, throughout the whole length of Arizo
na. 1 can imagine ao pceeibU remedy for these
evila, aad no mode of restoring law or order oa
that remote and uaeefled frontier, but tor the
Government of the UaitedStates to assume a tem
porary protectorate over the aNorthera portions of
Chihuanua aad Sonora. and to Mtataliak
posts within the same; and this.1 earaeatly recom
snecMl to Congress. This proUctioo may be with
drawn aa soon as local governments W1 be ee
tabliahed ia those Mexican States capable of
performing their da tie to the United States, re
straining the lawless, and preserrin peace
alocg the border. ... ... ,, S. , ,. .
l do not dout4 tfcat this sneasure will be viewed
ia a frieoaily spirit by the geverameaU and peo
pla of Chihuahua aad Sonora, as it will prove
equally effectual lor the protection of their citizens
on that remote and lawless frontier, as ibr"citizens
of the United States. -
And, la this eonttection, permit me to recall
your attention to the eoaditioa of Arizona. The
ppuJatioa of that territory, aamberiog, as is al
ledged, more than tea thousand souls, aae practic
ally without a govarament, without laws, and
wiuwuMjnrjiiir au ministration orjostice.
Marder aad other crimes are committed with im
puairy. This elate of things ceils loudly for re
aess and I therefore repeat my Ncomaieodation
for the e.ubUhment of a territorial Government
overAriaoaa.
The pt-liocal eoaditioa ef the narrow isthmus
of Central America through which transit route)
peata, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,
prfoeaa a eutject of deep inu-ret to ail commer-
aaa.au. av at otkt uese fatuits that a laiTe
r-roportlajo of the trade aad travel betweaa the
Europeee and Axiatae eonuneot, k destined to pe-a.
To the United States these routes are of iacalcu
laJe Importaaoa aa a means of commoaicatioa
bKweaa the AUaatie aad Padfle pceee-aiona.--Thehrtter
now extend throughout the seventeea
degrees of latitude oa the PsoAc coast, embracinr
the imraorlsnt .StaLa nf PaNfiml. J .1.. a
tahing Territories of OTegon and Washington.
All ecmtnercial natiosa, tharafore, have a deep and
direct interest that these communications KiM be
rendered secure from mterruptioa. If an arm
of the see. cocnecting the two oceana, penetrated
throogh Kicanugua aad Casta ItUca, it could not
be nretesaded that these States would aa e Ue rirht
te arrest or retard ite aavigatioa, to the injury
of other aationa. The transit by land over this
rrew tsthmaa occupies nearly the aaaae posi
tion. It ta a highway in which they themselves
have little iatereet, when compared with the vast
iatereas of the rest of the world. Whilst their
rtrhlS of STVaareitrBtv aTMIaTsSt tA K - - 1 .
the daty of other nations to require that thia im
PrUat P-Sbail aot be iaterrupted by the civ
l wars and revolutionary outowsskTwhich have
ao frequently occurred ia that region.- The stake
is U .mrxrUM to be left to the mercy of rival
cowipanie, cUiotingto toU conflicting cantracU
with Nkaraurua. Tine commerce of other nations
W not to standstill and await the adjustment of
it mUmnim- Govwnment of
Ue UaitedStates expect no more than thia, and
tVy wiU aot be satisfied with leas. Theyrould
miftheyeould. derive any advaatag, fromThe
aNkaraurua Irvuit ri .r?"? !T"
worli. IU r traiity-and pWcom9
V f a nations, ia thVir onjectT TtSrV
reorivr?? Nic detSS
Ption from the compa.
ntasand Individuala who may travel Uaai tvwtT.
botthey inaist that it shall hi?l
IL" decree of that govSnTen?
Ir7.7 lao contact.
be adjaMaj by some air tribunaTrovfbS
KTl bKJandS
All tw7iwaa , otPible to other naaiona-
uat of UruWtSSiv0f the
- j - .....
The executive rovernment of thia nraintrw in
its intercourse with foreign nations, ia lindted to
the employment of diplomacy alone. When this
fails, it can proceed no further. It cannot legit
imately resort to force, without the direct author
ity of Congress, except in resisting aad repelling
hostile attacks. It would have no authority to
enter the Territories of Nicaragua, even to pre
vent ue destruction or the transit, aad protect
their passage. It ia true, that on a sodden emer
gency of this character, the President would di
rect any armed force in the vicinity to march to
their relief : bat In dota? this he would
his own responsibility. .
Under these circumstances I earnestly recom
mend to Congress the passage of an . act author
izing the President, under such restrictions as
they may deem proper, to employ the land and
naval forces of the United States ia preventing
the transit from being obstructed and closed by
lawless violence, and in protecting the lives aad
property ;of American citizens traveling thereup
on, reouirinr at tha seme timat that thaava fsamaa
shall be withdrawn tie moment the danger shall
have reused away. Without such a provision,
oar ritixens will be constantly exposed to inter
ruption ia their progress, and to lawless vio
fence.
A aJmnaP nanaau'ta Tf' m fnr tha Itaaaan. avf
such aa act, for the protection of the Panama an J
Tehaon tepee routes.
I a reference to the Panama route, the United
States, by their existing treaty with New Gran
ada, expvesssly guaranty the neutrality of the Isth
mus, "with the view that the tree transi. from
the one to the other sea may not be interrupted or
embarrassed ia any future time while this treaty
exists." J
Ia regard to the Tehauntepec route, which has
been recently opened under the meat favorable
auspices, our treaty with Mexico of the 30th De
cember, 1853, secures to the citizens of the United
Stsies a riiTiat of transit n it fa thai vw.-.a..
O - - - .w. m.. ivi nua
and merchandize, and stipulates that neither gov
rarnent shall "interpose any obstacle' thereto.-
I ' aaaaa, J - - W VT-AacJ thfl "'ngTlt
to transport across the isthmus, in closed bags,
the mails of the United States not intended for
1 dtstnbuuon along tha line of the communication ;
also, the effects of the United States Government
and its citizens which may be intended for tran
sit, and not for distribution on the isthmus, free
. f .a v .a a. a. 1 . a . .
va Hawiiruwm vr vuia (.aa&rg tug meXlCan
Govern meet."
These treaty stipulations with Hew Grenada
and Mexico, in addition to the considerations ap
plicable to the Nicaragua route, seem to require
ialatioa for the purpose of carrying them into
I The ialuriea Wblah have KaVin tnfliotavl aiawiaa ...
citizens in Costa Kica and Nicaragua during the
last two or three years have received the prompt
14 .faL!. 1 . a . a
.wiiuou 01 una uovarnment. some or tnese in-
jariea were of the most aggravated character.
The transaction at Vlrein Bar. in Anril issa
when a company of unarmed Americana, who
were in no way connected with any belligerent
conduct or party, were fired upon by the troops
of Costa Kica, and numbers of them killed and
wounded, waa bronchttia tha Innalam. r
r o ".a, VI VVII
gress by my pretfecvasor soon after iU concurrence;
and was also presented to the Government of Cos
ta Rica, for that immediate invaai;ratiAn ana a.
dress which the nature of the case demanded. A
similar course was pursued with reference to oth
er outrages in these countries, some of which were
hardly less aggravated in their character than the
transaction at Virgi n Bay. A t the ti me, ho wever,
v - - v rw afw UCIUBUUI W UNJO UeMft
been made b thia Government upon that of Costa
Rica, more thaa a year before. Our Minister was
instructed, therefore, to lose no time in express
ing to those Govern menu the deep regret with
which the President had witnessed this inatten
tion to the j est claims of the the United States, and
in demanding their prompt and satisfactory ad
justment Unless thtsdemand shall be complied
with at an early day, it will only remain for this
Sf a aa B a
wuTerumeni 10 aoopt earn otner measures as may
a . , . T . L """" po?WJBoes. oucu a law would mitltratl
. 6r?.!nPr?rt?obUinforJitw,ftht jIthonghTmighl not prevent, 11-
face which it nas in vain attemnted to savmra Is. I ? r . : :v. , . .
tica which it nas in vain attempted to secure by
i-ruciiu aairan, irvtn toe uovernment of ric
raama and Costa Rica. While it has shown, and
will continue to show, the most sincere regard for
the rights and honor of these Republics, it cannot
K' raru w do met oy an utter neglect,
on their part, of what is dae to the Government
soa cauzns or ue v mted Dtates.
Against New Granada we have long-eUndinz
causes of complaint, arising out of the unsatisfied
claims of our citizens upon that republic : and to
inese nave oeeo more recently added the outrages
vim mili.av1 nfvifi Me.Ma. a rv
v-m vsaaxUal aTaUjaalllaV, 11 A Dnla
a e Fv
appointed a commissioner, who has proceeded to
Paraguay, with full powers and instruction to
settle these differences in an amicable and peace
ful manner, if this be practicable. His experience
and discretion justify the hope that he may prove
successful in convincing the Paraguayan Govern-.
meat inai 11 is aue coin to nonor and Jusuce, that
they should voluntarily and promptly make
atonement for the wrongs which they have com
mitted against the United States, and indemnify
our injured citizens whom they have forcibly de-
spoueu w weir property.
Should our commissioner " prove unsuccessful,
after a sincere and earnest effort, to accomplish
the object of his mission, then no alternative will
remain but the employment of force to obtain
"jut satisfaction" from Paraguay. In view of
this contingency, the Secretary of the Navy, un
der my direction,, has fitted out and dispatched a
1 a" - a I n .
utu lurue. uj reituexvtaus ii aaa r niiaanna amtrraaa
which, it is believed, will prove sufficient for the
occasion. It is my earnest desire, however, that
it may aot be found necessary to resort to the
last alternative.
- When Congress met in December last, the
business of the country had just been crushed by
one of those periodical revulsions which are the
inevitable consequence of our unsound and ex
travagant svstem of bank credita and inflated
currency. . With . all the elements of national
wealth in abundance. ournunutWurat rami.
pended, our useful public and private enterprises
were arrested, and thousands of laborers were de-
t rived of employment and reduced to want
Tniversal distress prevailed among the commer
cial, manufacturing, and mechanical classes.
This revulaion waa felt the more severely in the
TTnitiVt StatiW iW-anJ aiiriilaF allautam K aw? riivwIiiA
the like deplorable effects throughout the commer
cial nations of Europe. All were experiencing sad
rormifli it tlM umA nmmant " fn mannraii.iU
everywhere suffered severely, not because of the re
cent reduction in the tariffofdutieson imports, but
because there was no demand at any price for
their nradurtiona The navinlA vsra nKliamai
, f- vwtiaa au
restrict themselves, in their purchases, to articles
or prime iwcnutv. In the general prostration
OT IHiKineS. I la tavn ......,.,. .a. HirtVa..-.
Statea probably suffered more than any other
class, and much destitution was the inevitable
consenuenca amnntr the irrAat Tiiimhaa nt aaL-
men who had been employed in this useful branch
of our industry. There could be no supply where
there was no demand. To present an example,
there could be no demand for railroad iron after
our magnifcent system of railroads, extending
iU benefits to every portion of the Union, had
uvcu urougnt to a ueaa pause. 1 ne same conse
quences nave resulted from similar causes to
many other branches of useful manufactures. It
is self-evident that where there is no ability to
purchase manufactured articles, those cannot bo
sold, and, consequently, must cease to be produo-
No Government, and especially a Government
of such limited powers as that of the United
States, could have prevented the late revulsion.
The whole commercial world seemed for years to
have been rushing to this catastrophe. .The same
ruinous consequences would have followed in the
G a . a , a t . 1 al . . - -
u u neu Duma, wueuier me auues upon foreign
imports had remained as they were under the ta
riff of 1846, or had been raised to a much higher
standard. The tariff of 1857 bad no agency in
the result- The general causes existing through.
out the world could not have been controlled by
the legislation of any particular country.
The periodical revulsions which have existed
in our pat history, must continue to return at
intervals so long as our present unbounded sys
tem of bank credits shall prevail. , Thv will
because it u not to be expected, at least for many
years to .come, that the commercial nations of
Knrnrw with wKnoaa intavaaa, i -
1 a - ...... ww vwa vwu aaa xj mu Ulaa.
terially involved, will expose themselves to sim
ilar calamities. But this suhject was treated so
much at large in my last annual messatre. that I
shall not now pursue it further. Still, I respect
fully renew the recommendation in favor of the
pawage of a uniform bankrupt law, applicable to
banking institutions. This is all the power over
the subject which, I believe, the Federal Govern-
umn punenes. oucu a law would milio-ato
vta aaaj vara, -vaawa a aawavaa, av W1UUI VVUgim, III
their better iudirment will triva such wnicrht an
they may justly deserve. - s '
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury
Sll " 1 J a ."I iL . l . -r
wiu expuuo in uuiau uw operauons oi mat ue-
parmeat of the Government. The receipts into
the Treasury from all sources daring the fiscal
- il .1 aaial. af T .a.. 1 a .
year enoiog iub ouib oi rfune, I boo, mciuaing uie
Treasury note authorized by the act of Decern-
a. aa a m . - i i .
per aa, iiwi, wen roTemy mtuion two nunarea
and seventy-three thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine dollars and fifty-nine cento, ($70,273.-
869 59,) which amount, with the balance of
seventeen million seven hundred and ten thou
sand one hundred and fourteen dollars and twenty
even mints IX17.T10.11A 271 romainincr m tha
Treasury at the commencement of the year, made
ma Bggragaua ivr uie hi vuw ui uie year 01 eigmy-
seven million nine hundred and eighty-three
tnousana nine nunared and eigbty-three dollars
and eignty-etx cents, (xs7,983,983 86.)
The nublic exnendituree durintr tha fianal tamf
ending June 30, 1858, amounted to eighty -one
million nve nunarea ana eighty-live tnousana
a a a . a
i six nunarea ana sixty seven dollars ana seventy
six cents, ($31,585,667 76,) of which nine million
J t J a a ; t a r . 1 aa .
six uuuureu auu eigniy-iour vnousana nve Hun
dred and thirty-seven dollars and ninety-nine
avtnta fiftal M7 04 am annl 'aaA tn Ka na,.
V" 1 .w arv mw yJ-
ment of the public debt, and the redemption of
n a :iL at aa a . 1 a a
irvwurj oovee wiui uie intereBa uiereon ; leaving
Ik. T T..l a laeo V! iL .
iu a-aao xrvaBurj vn wuiy i, isao, ueing vue com
mencement of the present fiscal year, six million
three hundred and ninety-eight thousand three
a a a . . . -aaa.
nunarea ana sixteen aoiiars ana ten cents. (S6.
son .am in.
The receipts into the Treasury durine the first
a. A a. at it a. M I r .
4uarir oi uie present nscai year, commencing
the 1st July, 1858, including one half of the
loan of $20,000,000, with the premium upon it,
auuionzea Dy the actor 14th June, 1858, were
twenty-five million two hundred and thirty thou
sand eight hundred and seventy-nine dollars and
forty-six cents, ($25,230,879 46;) and the esti
mated receipts for the remaining three quarters
to the 30th June, 1859, from ordinary aouroess
are thirty-eight million five hundred thousand
dollars, ($38,500,000,) making, with the balance
.' 6 " ''ant, million one
a 1 a . T T
narea
La.
uauu4w , a vaa aj -aaaaao auvwMlu vug UliUUTW
and ninety-five dollars and fifty -six cents, ($70,-
l an l na aa .
The expenditures during the first quarter of the
present fiscal year, were twenty-one million seven
hundred and eight thousand . one hundred
and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-one ceri ts ($21,
708,198 51 ;) of which one million ten thousand
and one hundred and forty-two dollars and thirty-
aovan axanta ftl nin lat? Qf .a. C 1 a. aC
aa a)wawaa. ) ,ig a.i.rifaaoA m uie
payment of the public debt and the redemption of
Treasury notes and the interest thereon. The
estimated expenditures,during the remaining three
quarters to auia june, xeoa, are nity-two million
three hundred aad fifty-seven thousand six-hundred
and ninety-eight dollars and forty-eight
cents, ($52,357,698 48,) making an aggregate of
seventy-four million sixty-five thousand eight
hundred and ninety-six dollars and ninety-nine
cents, i4,u(30,oio ,i oeing an excess of expend-
I a I J at. - a ' a . a . . ., J
Interior, and of the Postmaster General -Their
each contain valuable information an? imrwnrtanf
recommendations, to which I invite the attention
a a .... ......
oi congress.
In my last annual messatre? I took occasion to
recommend the immadiaiA em.atriiRtinn a-if tn
small steamers, of light draught, for the purpose
of increasiniT tha effiojAnrv of tha naw flnnopraaia
responded to the recommendation, by authorizing
the construction of eight of them. The progress
which has bAOIl mafa in a-rttfritintr thia antknvitar
a stated in the report of the Secretory of the Navy!
I Concur With him in thA onininn that a rraataai
number Of this class of vraJa a nmaKan ta-b tha
nurnoae of nrotActi
persons and property of American citizens on 4he
aaagaa aiuaa, saa au iUlDJV n WUUU Ita, HS WC11 BS in
fifuardintr more effectuallv our own avaasta 'T ac
cordingly recommend the passage of an act for this
The srarereslions contained in tha rannrl'nf tho
Secretary of the Interior, especially those in re-
gara to tne aisposition of tne public domain, the
...aia. aA I. a 1 3 a .... t a. '
raunvu uiu Ln-'uui.jr-iBiiu aysusm, tne policy to
wards the Indians, and the amendment of our
patent laws, are worthy of the serious considera
tion of Congress. . - , t .. ;
The poet Office Department occupies a position
very different from that of the other departments.
For many years it was the policy of the govern
ment to render this a self-sustaimnt? denartniAnt :
and if this cannot now be accomplished, in the
mav
marshal of the district into which ' they are
. .... . . . . t
brought : "and to appoint a proper person or.
persons residing upon the- coast of Africa, ai
: agent . or agents for receiving the negroes
. l.aa . . i . . - a
uiuiauoes, or persons oi ooioraeuverea jrom on f f-" vaa m wiui, ute pur
1 J I ; . a .1 .. ..a I aaaaaaa a4wtna Kavi A aaratta annaaaawaaal aMitl. a .1
ooaru vessels Beuwa in tne prosecution or tne slave I r " ;.fr . ur pur.
.n.:..ao... enmae uoDfT. AiaataiiiJUHns v i..
NEW JEWELRY I
HAS. H. THflMPSnW HAfl JITST Dm,...
ED from New York, with a solenoid ajn.tm... .1
nx.iv AiM rasuiUAAJiLx, J&H1.LRV
Kssbraeiag all the latest styles, aad lacladinr tut
assortment of 1 .
SILTER GOODS, 4c, 1c.
He solieits a sail from his friends.
- Watches aad Jewelry neatly repaired ea the ikurt.
eat notice. - : CHAS. H. THOMPSON
Oet 3i tf ..- ? , w W aa FayaHta.
"VrbTICE.--WiLL BE SOLD OPT THE
JLI premises, ca tha 6th, day of January next, the
Boase and Lot, ia Raleigh, late the property of Hri
Mary D. Hollister, near the Salelgh aad Gattoa DetwL
besalewiilbe onaeredit ef 12 months, the par.
present condition of the country, we ought to
make as near an approach to it as may bepractica-
The Postmaster General is placed in a most em
barrassincr position bv the existinir lava. Ha is
oblisred so carry those into effwt TTa Tiaa nn
other alternative. He finds, however, that this
cannot be done without heavy demands upon the
Treasury over and above what ia received for
postage; and these have been 'progressively in
creasing from year to year nntil they amounted
for the last fiscal year ending on the 30th of June,
avaaaaaa. u rt liimii j i a i aiiiiiiffia nil b nail nr .1 a
I . v ii in. mm .1 Ha v. a
lars ; whilst it is estimated that for the present fis-
1 all Ml a. -aa. . .
wyjiyiu amount to $6,290,000. These
J70U,qoo for compensation Of the mail service
w - - r ' rr t aasaaw mass VIVO
performed for the two Houses of Congress and the
aA Ve.ee TYiMe aaaVa-a. aa, at J .JD a
aTSaixnar XafninLr a.i 1 iei 1 ua a 1111 stbtti roro ar-av titA
r " -w v wiq jrJ y oi u-
ment in the tni?portation of free matter.11
The cause of thesa Iamta flfa u ma;niw a.
- -a-- -a-a-aaaaaa-aaaai aaar aaaaaV Aahaaaaa; aV a J ejea
tribu table to the increased expense of transporting
the maila. In 1852. tha anm naia-t fa-aa. tdla
was but a fraction above four millons and a quar
ter. Since that year it has , annually increased
until, in 1853, it has reached more than eight mil
lions and a quarter ; and for the service of 1859,
it estimated that it will amount to more than
ten million dollars. - , - ,
,?The receipts of the Post Office Department can
be made to approach or to equal its expenditure,
only by means of the legislation of Congress. In
applying any remedy, care should be taken that
tnn trsawaa art oil wt si Iva tAMM.avJ f .al- a . .
a-fv pwuiu aasaaa uva LAI UCLTalTUU Ui W1& MOyftfl MaggS
VtI1aK IHAII SkWMk na.I aaaala1aaa A' 9 a S
trade by commanders of the United States armed
1 M .
vesseiar. - t. : . : .... f , . . .. . ..
A doubt immediately arose as to the true con
struction of this act. It is quite clear from its
terms that the Presedent was authorized to pro
vide 4,for the safe-keeping, support, and removal"
of these negroes up till the time of their delivery
to the agent on the coast of Africa ; but no express
provision was made for their protection and sup
port after they had reached the place of their des-
uiiauou. ouu, an Bgent was to oe appointea to
receive them in Africa ; and it could not have been
supposed that Congress intended he should desert
them at the moment they were received, and turn
taaaam 1ta-aaA an that inKianif aaKla. aan..a C
wuvu. . vuwv aa uan. aaaaanaDaaaja,aaav was, HI UvrialU
for want of food, or to become again the victims
of the slave trade. Had this been the intention of
Congress, the employment of an agent to receive
them, who ia required to reside on the coast, was
unnecessary, and they might have bean landed
bv our vessels anvwhere in Africa .n,1 tart aav.
porsed to the sufferings and the fate which would
certainly await them.
Mr. Monroe, in his special message of 17th
December, 1819, at the first session after the act
was passed, announced to Congress what, in his
sarainisin vaa it a nnn.ti.ni!.. . TT V .1! . J
variuavu, rw aaa aw laa ua? vyuou Ut;iaBUJI. HO IWIIOTCU
it to be his duty under it to follow these unfor
tunates into -Affrica, and make provision for them
there, until they ahey should be able to provide
for themselves. In communicating this interpre
tation of the act to Congress, he stated that some
doubt had been entertained as to its true intent
and meaning, and he submitted the question to
them, so that they might, "should it be deemed
advisable, amend the same before farther pro
ceedings are had under it," Nothing was done
by Congress to explain the act, and Mr. Monroe
Eroceeded to carry it into execution according to
is own interpretotion.. This, then, became the
practical construction. When the Africans from
wii ooaru uie xicuo were aenverea to tne mannai
at Charlestion. it became
what disposition ought to be made of them under
the law.. - For many reasons, it was expedient to
remove them from that locality as speedily as pos
sible. Although the conduct of the authurities
and citizens of Charleston, in giving countenance
to the execution of the law, was just what might
have been expected from their high character,
yet a prolonged oontinuannA nf ttraaa.
Africana in the immediate , vicinity of that city,
could aot have failed to become a source of in
convenience , and , anxiety to its inhabitants,
riuere to sena mem, was tne question. - There
was no portion of the coast of Africa to which
they could be removed, with any regard to hu
manity, except to Liberia. - ,
Under these cirrnustennM. an arnuamani
entered into with'the Colonization Society, on the
Ttx t G a V t a - - ...'..
ehase money.
dee 1 td
e KtaniaUrat aamv.
NOTICE.
milE COPARTICERSIIIP HERETO-
- fore existing aader the name and style of Pvii.ii
A BKLViais this day, tha 16th November, diatolrtd
per agreement.'
Tboae indebted to the firm by epea aecount will
please settle the seme with Mr. C. E.Bel 'in. Th.
Holes, Jodgments. te., are in tbe hands of J. D. Pol.
lea, who is authorised to eolleet the same.
J. U. PULLEN,
MR. E. C.: BEIaVIN. bavins; purchased th1
interest of Mr. J, D. PULLEtf ia the Good-,
i, etc., late tbe property of Pullea A Belriu, sod
having recently returned from the Northern Mtrkstt,
wucn n purcaaeea a targe ana new sauiuoo ot Hard
ware, which he is daily receiving most respectfully in
vites those wsBting such Goods, and particularly tb pt.
tronisers ef the old firm to aa examination of hit
Goods, which will, having been bought cheap, be sold
cheap. . , . C. B ELY IN.
Raleigh, Dee. S, 1858. dees )t
BANK OP THE STATE OP IvORTIl
CAROLINA.
1 ; DIVIDEND 0 FIVE PER CENT. HAS THIS
2V day been deebvred oa the Capital Stock of tbii
Bank, oat of the pro flu for the last six month pare. .
ble at tbe principal Bank, oa the 1st Monday in
January next, and at the Branches flfleea dsyi there,
after. . C. DEWET, CVusV.
, Raleigh, Dee. 1, 1858. , . dee 4 tlstjsa.
J. Mi IaOVEJOY'S ACADEMY.
THE THIRTY-8ETENTII SESSION
will eommenee on the 10th of January, 18il.
Board aad Tuition per session, $1J5 W
For partieulars, address tha Principal,
t. Al. laVV JWUI.
dee 4 4f
Raleigh, N. C.
DE. DANIEL DVPRE,
ax La iev, a. c.
' p Residence end Office at Mrs. DaPre's Board,
ing House, Fayetterille street, opposite Bank of Caps
Fear. . oet 20 3a '
W Eyoiri rffi , estimatolripIhe Tat' Po9t c D.enL The principal remedies
ury from ordinary sources, during the fiscal year f"!0 tthe n8idertion of Congress by
------- O- J - aaiaiQiUMffrrcrj
when our nreaent af initap t Vis.-......
. . . . ' . :v" ---- wan .p. i ieni oi Dana creuita snail prevail, v Tbev will
pointedto December 1857, no redress had been however, probably be the lee, Mvere-in ZtTre'
ODtained Tor any or these wrongs, and no renlv ! bntauiui It ia nnl tn Ka ATrxaitlaaal - 1aua4 a
even bad been received to tbe demands which had
ury from ordinary sources, during the fiscal year
la lla IUli T.i.n lOHS .1 Till: t
v .aaa? .avaaaa vuuDf lOaa7, Ul uirw UlllllvU nine nun-
dred and thirty six thousand seven hundred and
one dollars and forty three cents, ($3,936,701 43.)
Extraordinary means are placed by law within
the command of the Secretary of the Treasury,
by the reissue of Treasury notes redeemed, and
by negotiating the balance of tbe loan authorized
by the act of 14th June, 1858, to the extent of
elevon million dollars ; which, if realized durine
al a a 1 ai a C
uie present uscai year, wui leave a Daiance in
ohldh than an fat.?.. .:alJ i I a. .-! I " wivuiaaaiui
PosTbS iSerTrnT" ZH. "! or tember last,. a copy of which'i. here-
. . r " jk iwuwuoj i witn transmitted, nmiar i;
fV.no.roco I , a-. . ' . , " " av.T ou-
gngeu, ior uie consiaerauon of f 45,000, to receive
the Treasury, on the 1st day of July, 1859, of I U a PrTt.9rta,Bi 406 "P60
seven million sixty-three thousand two hundred 5 thQvrament f'eatiy increased by requir
j a .v j. ii aaav I imr that thfl mail shall hn narriav. in aimh .Ak;
- --V. .. Va VVIIIODB UJ
the Postmaster General, are to restore the former
rate of postage upon single letters to five cents :
to substitute for the franking privilege the delivery
to those now entitled to enjoy it, of post office
stamps for their correspondence, and to
direct the Department, in making contracts for
transportation of the mail, to confine itself to the
payment ol the sum necessary for this single pur
pose, without requiring it to be transported in
posttcoaches or carriaireB of anv nartiniilar Aa.
scription. Under the present system, the exnensa
stinct of self-preservation might produce a whole
some restraint upon their banking . business, if
lurT auew ill unncii inu a anaraon.ia-kn ar
- .a v. BCWO
Say men ts would inevitably produce their civil
eath.
But the effects of tha revulainn a
w v -w tuv vy i j
fvan ...aaa.1. I rWT
lu la BUI VI w inuiiDv IWlr. 1 ill nfl-irv an1 anA
a m - " ""ftJ aaa OUWt"
triM of our cAtiz&n. with ah nnkMiaa -.
m ' 1 miiwuuucii iq
sources, wiU, within the period of another year
restore a itate of wholesome iruimir an. .aJ
Capital has again accumulated in our large cities.
The rate of interest is thpra
"Vi J WW VvslaU
dence ia gradually reviving; and as soon aa it is
A treaty for thejastment of Se aiffl ' dvereTSal 'mT? ' "l" Tvf U i3 lhe f0' ce rrtment, 'three million eigh
was concluded bV lhVslcrltVr7 I frl , J?- th1 thIf fpiW can be profitably em- hundred and thirty-eight thousand seven hun
. r?. DJ 'Secretary of State I ploved in commercial and mmnffrmn. I aa . .V u? a ,y
cultiea was concluded by the Secretary of State
viv ew uranada, in September,
1857, which contained just and acceptable provi
sions for that purrxjee. This treaty was transmit-
taxi tn Rstaravta mnA h. b :a . J a. .
. Tv; " ""'" oy me uovern-
menaox riew u ran ad a, but with certain amend
.Bot Dowerr, returned to this
j unui aiter tne close of the last session of the
.v . a . : 00 'mroeaiateiy transmitted to
uom oouv ior weir aa vice and consent; and should
this be obtained it will remove all our exlstine
aaVneSaCaSa rW eakat.!.S . t a V. n . .A
v ,a . T""" K"JD8i iew uranada on tbe
subject of claims. . -Questions
have arisen between the two Gov-
wawuenui as to ue ngM or .New Grenada to levy
a tonaage duty upon the vessels of the United
btates ia its porta of the isthmus, and to levy a pas
senater tax nimn me oitiaaaan. .a. a
- - 'uaiia; tn uiaUCun-
try, whether with a desire to remain there or to
pass from ocean to ocean by the transit routejand
also a tax ooon the maila of the United States
Ki.punea oyer me aTanama Railroad The
Qoverament of New Granada has been informed
that the United States wootd coniider the collec-
a-.v. l a01 as an act In violation
of the treaty between the two ooontriea, and as
euca wouid m resisted by the United State. At
-on suae, we are prepared to disease these
4-aiwMins spint or amity and justice, and
with a sincere desire to adjust thera ii a satisfac-
. ' j r -uvauu iut uiai purpose DM
already been commenced. No effort has recently
been made to coDect these taxes, nor is any antic-
lpateq UrtdaaT nraant aia.t...oi .
i e,?D,r6 of Briil T relations are of
toe most friendly character. The productions of
tlla Ian m.i. a . aa .
wL. ' maa especially tnoae or an ag.
rtcaltuiU aainrv arattteiatTlaAeaXaMJk&
and ninety -eight dollars and flftv-aeven cents.
($7,063,298 67.)
The estimated receipts during the next fiscal
tear ending 30th June, 1860, are sixty-two mil
on dollars, ($62,000,000,) which, with the above
estimated balance of seven million sixty-three
thoasand two hundred and ninety-eight dollars
and fifty seven cents, ($7,063, 298 57,) make an
aggregate for tbe services of the next fiscal year of
of sixty-nine million sixty-three thousand two
hundred and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-seven-centa.
fS69.063.298 Sf.) The iMttirnatavl
' V- . 1 da . ..om MIBJUU.
itures daring the next fiscal year ending the 30th
June, 1860, are seventy three million one hundred
and tiairtv nine thousand onakiintrravl ansiv.
seven dollars and forty six cents, ($73,139,147 4$ )
which leave a deficit of estimated means, com
pared with the estimated expenditures for that
year, commencing on the 1st July, 1859, of four
million and seventy-five thousand eight hundred
and forty-eight dollars and eighty-nine cents.
($4,075,848 89.) 1 ' ,,
In addition to this snm, the Postmaster General
will require from the Treasury for the service 6f
the Post Office Deuartment. three million eio-ht
. . . . . . - .0-..
, r - - - f vfUlj Cail-
ployed in commercial and nianufacturinsr enter.
prises, and in the construction of railroads and
other works of public and private improvement,
prosperity will again smile throughout the land
It is tn
w ' ' w b w- ai vlu
ounelT6i. that a ineculativA lnflad.n nf
r wa vui vur
rency, without a corresponding inflation in other
countries whose manufactures come into competi-
vaa mui vm wu, wusk ever preauce aisastrous
results to our domestic manufavtnraa ar
- aBaV W aSS AaU
snort or aDeoiute prohibition, can prevent these
evil consequences.
In connection with this nilft ft ta naav.
refer to our financial condition. he same causes
which have produced rtMmniarv i,taipa hM.t.
a i j ..aM.auow auivueu
OUt the OOUntrv. havaa aa-a rtA,nAA Ida . a .
af ' awaaaajaa au lUlWUbm
imports from foreign countries, that the revenue
a.) Vieeiabl laail.....l. a . a
aaa (iivnu uiauojuate ui meet ine Bece9arv ex
penses of the government. To supply the defi
ciency. - Congress, bv the art nf tha 19 A r tw
. . or . ..via. wa awrv
Oember. 1857. authnrizAi. the Icona .r om nnn nnn
of Treasury notes; and this proving inadequate,
they authorized, bv tha Af Jiiim lat ions -
loan of $20,000,000, "to be applied to the pay
ment of appropriations made by law."
No Stat man VOuld mAvim tliaf 1
. - uiuuiu ini
on Increasing the national debt to meet the ordi
nary expenses of the Government. This would
DO a moat niinnni ranlKrar 'Tn ....
r V aa w VI WaaT, UUT
credit must be our chief resource, at least for the
j .vuui vo k muj impeirea Oy
haying contracted a large debt in time of peace.
It ia our true nolicv to i n 4 TO laA AllH WOWAniiaa a
aT ef - w--rw wea a v V vuuo BYW Basl
to equal our expenditures. It would be ruinous
w continue to borrow. Besides, it may be prop
er to Observe that tha innM ant.l wl nnal A. a 1. .
afforfltt by a revenue tariff; woind. at tha present
urtju aaava .wnniTgn, OOiiarS, I J Ji8,7a,8, 1 as
explained in the report of the Secretary of the
Treasury, which will incrase the estimated deficit
on the 30th June, 1860, to seven million nine hun
dred and fourteen thousand five - hundred and
seventy-six dollars and eighty nine-cents, ($7,914,
576 89.1 To provide for the payment of this em
vacan-acaitj, wuicu wiu oeincreasoa oy pupn
appropriations as may be made by Congress, not
estimated for in the report of the Treasury De
partment, as well as to provide for the gradual
redemption, from year to year, of the out-standing
Treasury notes, the fUralarv nf tha TVav.or.a.
commends such a revision of the present tariff as
will raise the inquired amount After what I
have already said, I need scarcely add that I con.
cur in the opinion expressed in his report that
the public debt should not be increased by an ad
ditional loan, and would thnnafnrA
upon Congress the duty of making at their present
aMatlnn (1 fiauaaaa. .u.i.. 1 a ! .a
liabilities. .
The public debt on the 1st of July, 1858, the
commencement of the present fiscal year, was $25,.
155,977 66.
During the first quarter of the preeent year, tha
sum of $10,000,000 hat been negotiated of the
loan authorized by the act of 14th June, 1858 ;
making the present outstanding public debt, ex
clusive of Treasury notes, $35,155,977 66. . There
""7uo ?h7, ol Treasury notes is
- - 1 a eMvvwva aw a cuuu '
ing that the mail shall be carried in such vehi
cles as will aooommodatepassengers. This will be
aone wiuiout pay from tne .Department, over all
roads where tne travel will remunerate the con
tractors. . . 1 '" ; . . -.
These recommendations deserve the grave con
sideration of Congress. ' :
I would again call your attention to the construc
tion of a Pacific railroad. Time and reflectionhave
but served to mnflrm m a in tha -iK .- :a
- , r ... w vaiaau awu JUOUU9
of the observations which J made on this subject
in my last annual message, to which I beg leave
respectfully to refer. - ' " , - r V
It is freelv admitted that it mmil
- w . i - r- " w aavaa.3UA.
ent for this Government to exercise tbe power of
constructing the Pacific railroad by ite own im
mediate agents. Such a policy would increase the
pu-uaagB uj ute .p,xecuHYe io a aangerous extent,
and introduce a system of jobbing and corruption
which no vigilance on the part of federal officials
could either prevent or detect. . This can only be
aone Dy tne keen eye and active and careful su2
pervision of individual anu private interest. The
construction of this road ought, therefore, to be
committed to companies incorporated by the
States, or other agenoies, whose pecuniary inter
ests would be directly involved. Congress might
then assist them in the work by grants of land or
a" L.al. " a a. ....
vt uiuiicy, or uom, unaer seen conaiuons and re
strictions aa would secure the transportation of
troops and munitions of war free from any charee
aawA I. a n a" a 1 TT -. ai . .a . - - . o J
aauu uiak vi .uo u untxi cuties mail at a tair and
reasonable price.
The progress of events since the commencement
of your last session, has shown how soon diflicul-
4tu a.a. t at? aO -a . ' . - .
woo uaupijaar oeiure a orm ana aetermined resolu
tion. At that time such a road was deemed by
wise and natriotio man tn raa a autnaaa. ..nt a
a-'; ' aa.aaaaaa.aj Ulujnjk.
The great distance to be overcome, and the inter
na a '-. . ; w. TavuVailwirS
these Africans in Liberia from the agent of the
United States, and furnish thn. a
riod of one year thereafter, with comfortable
shelter, clothing, provisions, and medical attend
ance, causing the children to receive schooling,
and all, whether children or adults, to be instruct
ed in the arts of civilized life suitable to their con
d'tion. ThisatrirreiratAof is nnn . v.-
an allowance of $150 for each individual ; andas
there has been considerable mortality among them
and mav be more before thav mIi a r; .lJ
Mxaetj haye agreed, inan equitable spirit, to make
wiviuvuuii ifum uie amtunt as, under the
circumstances, may appear just and reasonable.
xms cannot oe nxea antu we shall ascertain the
actual number which may become a charge to the
society. V
, It was also distinctly agreed that under no cir
cumstances shall this Government be called upon
for any additional expenses. .
r The agente of the society manifested a lauda
ble desire to conform to the wishes of the Govern
ment, throughout the transaction. They assured
me that, after a careful calculation they would be
rruuireu uj expeua uie sum oi $iouon each indi
vidual in complying with the agreement, and they
WOuld have DOthinc left to romnnArata tharn 4V
their" care, trouble, and responsibility. - At all
all events, I could make no better arrangement,
anil tliAiaa waa rt rt MKaa .liMMail. Tt. ? . . i
period when the Government itself, through its
own agente, undertook tha task of providing for
captured negroes ia Africa, the cost per head was
very much greater. ' - ,
xnere having been no outstanding appropiia
tion applicable to this purpose, ,! coaldV aot
advance any money on the agreement I there
fore recommend that an appropraton may be
made of the amount necessary to carry it into ef
fect.' V ,', :. -v .
Other captures of a similar character may, and
probably will, be made bv our naval forces; and
a uuui reuiuiaienu, mat fajongress may amend
the second sec'ion of tha aot n Uak !
so as to free its construction from the ambigui
ty which has so long existed, and render the
duty of the President plain in executing its pro
visions, i : ; i,': ;V. , .:; . i -. t ,
' x I TVrim TTl Pn tn VAlia favAvakl. a l a
J "a auro icgaru uie lO-
aaaal . . a A .i .L . . . aa at a . -
iiifcoi-eova ui uie uiatria oi txiiumbia. As
THE CHICKERING & SONS 34 PRIZE
aHEDAI PIANOS. .
The subscriber, agent for the above jastlj felebrs
ted Pianos, informs .the public respeotfally tbstbs re
sides in WUmingtoa, N. C. r
Persons desirous of purchasing tin piano, hy ad
dressing him, will be seat pasapblete eontainiof Four
teen different styles with ssarked prioes.
. Pianos toned and repaired. .
All orders promptiy attended to by addresning
T. A. . B0HNSTEDT.
novUly. WUmington, N. C.
LEAA PERRINS CELEBRATED
WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.
Extract of a Letter
from a . is
PRONOUNCED
V .by - " ;. -CONNOISSEUR,
to be the :
Oaly GoodSance,
and applicable to
EVERY VARIETY
f. aa
rW
I l-la ariaaia
L V I
Jfodiemt QtnlUma
at Madras, to bis bro
ther at W o r s e s t s r,
May, 1851 :
"Tell LEA 1 PER
RINS that their Ssuee
is highly esteemed ia
Indie, and is. in tav
opinion, the most pal
atable as well as the
most wholesome Sauce
OF DISH. ' -taet is made."
EXTENSIVE FRAUDS.
The only medal awarded by the Jury of tbe New
York Exhibition for Foreign Saueee, was obtained by
LEA A PERKINS for their WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE. The world-wide fame of which having led'
to numerous Forgeries, purchasers are requested to
see that tbe names of Laa A Paaaias are a dob tbe
tK7 aaaa. V avla.a.1 aa a ...
t mjiiici, laanci, stopper ana tioitie.
Lax at Pirriks will preeeed against any one in
fringing, either by manufacturing or vending- Spurious
Sauce, and have instructed their correspondents in vs.
rions parts of the world to advise then of any infrinja
meats. Sole Wholesale Agente for tbe United Sutes.
1 " ' JOHN DUNCAN k SONS,
a" V Broadway, New York.
A stock always ia store. Also, orders reeeired for
aJraetaaipaMatfrosa England. . aug 14 lyfoe
. HENRY V. NIEMEYEH,
I , ; PORTSMOUTH; VA., ,
COMMISSION MERCHANT,
laumaer,
BOV 3 tf
... aura aiALia ia ,.'
Provisioa. Lime.'
... aad Naval Stores.
Coal, Salt,
pOAL, LIME, PaLASTER,
rvMcsr.
w r " a aww, vaatwaaii - a
GnanO. Clever. Timiaiii. Rwa aaai r-l. aaaal.
ftal.-. ' , '
2600 Tons Aathraeite, Engllsb aad Virginia Orate,
Stove, Pouadry and Smith's Coal :
1200 Casks Lfane and Plaster: '
800 Casks Hydraulic Cement;
10000 BasheU Seed Oats, Rye, Clover and Timotir;
. 900 Toes Bird Island -end Steara's patent fleeawf
Coarse, ground, fine, family packages Salt,
' Por sale at cash Drieee bv
Portsmouth, Va aor S H. V. NIENETER.
at..
:j " " a ..- atx uie
venintT mountain, end dpT" nQ ecnUU Depart-
haT.nTa. i,:u t fu - . J' 'v I ,ueu" oi we uovernment, we cannot fail to feel
vuBbBtaita waicu, in tne opinion of man v. ivu.M t a
not be surmounted. Now. iW tT. 'i VT ZSL V" neigatened
a single year, th-ae VlIS'S KfiSrS P l' THE JHATTEB
- -h... .s, wuh uuBaoeen, now Sola antv or nrnmoino. ..a;a .i .1 ".t . I : : . "T".
. i a a I A-m .. -.a - o J .-.immmivu auu I a aaa guana au m uuuiuai oi an . i amm ar ai til r v tap
Uontrress ao kindlv reannnAaA i i l . . . . "--.
j , : v ""r ,u rwommen-
dation of my last annual message, by affordine
me sufBcient timer before the close of their late
session for the examination of all the bills present
ed to me for approval; This change in the prac
tice of. Congress has proved to be a wholesome
ruuriu. - xi exertea a beneficial inflnano it.
f wua aacaaai euigi
pass and repass re?ularlv. twica in oanh tb- k
a common wagon road, between Sao Francisco
and St. Louis and Memphis, - in less than
iwenty-five days. The service has been aa regu
larly performed as it was, in former years, be
tween New York and this city. - - -
wmisi aisouiming all authority to appropriate
0r-
anM eOUtV. laeda a BaanlatnKaa tanaa 1 lilt 2 r sill
seliat Gonters store, oa Wednesday the 29th day "(
xiecemDer next, tbat valuable tract eflaad known as
as the Zack. Ilerndoa tract, adjoiaing the Isads ef
Ksekiel George, Samuel Green aadothers, and eonUio
ing 170 aeres, more ow less.
Also, one other tract, kaowa as tbe old Dtrid
George tract, adjoining the lands of Esek let George,
Samuel Green, and others, containing 35 acres, wore
or less.-, V;- , ..' -
. . - ., 7 ' v aiOTurr uuves is
sued bV aUthon tV nftha mr rtf TVaV mt aa-a.
W?UJ- I UuseaflmflOatlt oXoor RArvW, iTL .VA
Constitution there a TmM of... ooimtey,- It enabled
sideratious urging us to undertakVtwork as eaxiaKtW Alw, that valuable tract of land ta Wake eounty, sd-
speeddy as possible. I J tiL !T?bec?rainff representativea of Joining the lands ot William Lynn, William Bye, sod
The first and most momentous of these ial that ""11 Republic, without having crowded In- there, eootainiag aeres, more or W
such a road would be aowultSdff S.,.e!5 Wake eoaaty. joining the
- . . . i v wcu iihuib Miu-Ui aonnttni mnBlitnftA..Ki. i uuuuvi voeaiaii arara. j. J. inna. .ana ouiara. itvm-
and expediency. Let me warmly and stronrly tota,Ba 17eaeraa,aoreor leas, v
Commend thia precedent, established by them. ninth's eradit will ea given j bond and good
selves, as a guide to thdr proceedings during tE IT7 XUto wUiMd mmta.
present .session.. T . . 3 a 7 , i v - , '
WAtnJEjy I THOMAS WEBB, C. a M..
WA5aCT,Jina I HTwn)iexlat4eV IttsUuWl k