North Carolina Newspapers

TOL. LTII1 NO. 20. I JL II A LEIGH, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY18, 1859. ; PUBLISHED BY JOIIX W..SYME. 1DITOE AXD rXOFUXTOB. AT . - 12.00 er Aaoim for Single Copies, 10,00 i for Six 1S.OO ' for Ten Payable Invariably i" Advnnee. - RALEIGH. X. C. i SATURDAY MORNING, MAY 14, 1859. THE WAR IN EUROPE. Now tbat the existence of a war io Europe can no longer be doubted, it becomes to a a Terj interesting question as to what will be its effects upon the United States. Upon the Southern States, we think it ap parent, that the war will in it outset inflict unmitigated injury, inasmuch as it will greatlj reduce the rric of cotton, and consequently lower the value ofnegroes. We see now how cotton in Liverpool began to fall, on the mere prospect of the war, and oar next advices will tell us of another and- .greater fall, consequent upon tin actntl com mencement of hostilities. In the absence of a miracle England, our best cottjn customer, cannot fail to b involved in this European contest. Uer position in Europe and her varied and scattered interests, will not per mit her to be an indifferent or neutral spec tator of a conflict, in which the other Great Powers of Eorope are engaged. Sooner or later she will take part in the fight. With cotton down and, negroes down, to what source can the South look for counterbalancing ad vantages ! It is true that the mighty armies 4of Europe, composed in a great degree of men taken from the tillage of the soil, will have to be fed, and ted on grain,, and provis ions of all descriptions imported from abroad. This demand will of coarse put up the price of all kinds of grain and provisions, and, in fact, the rise in these articles has already com menced. Bat of this European demand for breadstuff bow much can the Sooth supply ! Very little, if any. In truth, so much! ' land in the cotton and tobacco States has been devoted to these at tides that the South hardly riues provisions to feed herself if she does that. : , . On the Northern and Northwestern Sta'ea, the effect of the war will be to enhance the prices of what they can make In great abun dance, while the carrying trade will increase the value of the shipping interest of the North an interest of which the South has little worth speaking of. Such will, we think, be the effect of the war in the first instance on the two sec tions of the Union. The fall in the, price of cotton and negroes may induce the South to go into the business of manu facturing, as the best mode of disposing of her eottoo, and the labor of her slaves. The manufacturing is an interest, which the South has most grossly and unwisely neglect ed. Should this foreign war drive her into it, she will wkeaembarked in it necessarily de ' Tote a good deal of her land and labor to the production of grain and provisions, and thns in two essential particulars -will.her Indepen dence of thei North be achieved. - We give to-day the fullest accounts of the stirring timet in Europe which we have been enabled up to this date to obtain. " vf POETICAL. ' I' We are clad, to see Citizen Ilolden in such good spirits. Not long since we were pained with the belief that he - was the victim of a settled melancholy, lie looked drooping, and. care-wotn, 'and had lost every particle of that charming vivacity and sparkling humor which were the delight of his friends in other days. Bat jt would seem that the "light of other days" was only temporarily eclipsed, in order that it might re-dawn upon him with redoubled refulgence.. Brilliant as was his prose, it did not fill the measure of his am bition, or give expression to - the emotions of his rapt spirit, and he determined to woo the "tuneful Dine,"" to drink at the Caatalian fount and to climb . "Paniaspui; high, there to con the weather; : To wrench the rainbow fron the skj, and tie both end together." r - We are gratified that our humble name has been the subject of his newly awakened genius. .1 In return for his kindness, we beg to give Li m a taste of our quality," in a poetical vein, in the form of an apologue : Hound the Governor's Palace a Beauty was brows- Browsing around browsing around; And be fell toy the heel of a Live Giraffe, Who wasj there Oiraffe-ing around. . j And he raised a wail, in a -piteous strain, : Wiping Wound moaning around ; But C'antwll he canted him over again, Cant-ingjaround Cant-ing around.. TL-n Battle belabored him, timb by limb, . Battling around Battling around 1 He kt Baiile, and Battle beat him, . liver the ground rolling around. " Ani B.naartu-hked him into a death rattle, With a tush and a gush, and a stretch and a Strain. .. Now, h iie: hia last deep he has fought his' WtiBatile, Xo aourfd can awake him to glory again. lb! no never again never again, , JD I no never again, " ' UD ! never again, , Never again I ..''. . So tM-kicied and be-Canted, and Battled is he, 5i killed4-be can never alive be mrain ! 1 . . . . ... ! no never a;rain I HISTORY OK THE ITALIAN Q.UES- . ' I . TION.,, ' . , ."I ,: : We publish in another column an interest-. ing history of the causes which led to the war, which is now raging in Europe. There is, however, a strange and material omission of one great cause of Italian dime ul ties. Noth ing is said abonUthat combination of spiritual and temporal power in the hands of the. Pope in the language of Lord Derby, "the plague spot of Italy" . j . in. , i - ii i ii i ' "WHAT IT COSTS TO BE GOVERNED." s Read the article under the above head in to-day's paper, lillcad it, and you will find that fir. itogeriA. rryor, we uemocrauo Editor ot the Washington "States," spoke gospel truth when he' said, "from the by ways and high ways of the Government, the rot tenness of corruption sends forth an insuffer able stench. i . ,? t '! ' ' : " CHATHAM COURT. We learn that Messrs. Gilmer and Wsddell both addressed the people of Chatham on Tuesday, as candidates for Congress. ') The Democracy held a meeting to send delegates to a Convention to nominate a can didate for Congress, who will have the honor and glory of being unmercifully beaten by Mr. Gilmer. Tot Democratic meeting was, we learn, addres4d by our friend, "the in. evitable Cantwell." " BLACKWOOD ' 1ITD THE WEST- , i - MINISTER." . , ; t We are indebted to Messrs. Leonard Scott & Co., for the April number of Blackwood's "JIagaxine, and the Westminister Review,eacb ; Of which is, as usual, replete with interesting articles.! In each we find an interesting ar ticle on the great question which now agitates Europe and holds fixed the attention and gase of the world, and each views it from its own peculiar stand point. ; ! Blackwood believes that- Ital r mast have a master that she is utterly incapable of self-government, and that the result of a war would only settle the question whether Aus tria should continue to bold what she has so long held under treaty stipulations, or be suc ceeded by France, whose course it denounces as an effort made for the ascendanoy in Italy, under the hypocritical guise of seeking to give her liberty. j ' ; The Westminister takes an entirely differ ent view of the question. . It has; Hopes for free government in Italy is point blank against 'Austria, : enthuiastio for Sardinia, and indignant at Lord Derby's ministry. B- H. Whitakkk, Esq., will deliver the Annual Address before the students of Morning Star Institute, Nashville, N. C, on the 27th inst. THE NEWS FROM EUROPE. FURTHER BY THE STEAMER ANGLO- saxon. 1 : V i ., t An alliance between ranee and Kiueia is an nounced. A treaty, offensive and defensive, was concluded by them on the 22d of April, and accor ding to it, Russia is to make her first mobilization of four eprp (f armie, two of which are to be ad vanced towards Austrian and two towards Prus sian frontiers. " $ ! ' The London Time, of the 27th, remarks that the alliance is most startling; Although it has j been so often hinted sit, this event on this avowal has changed in a moment the whole aspect of af fairs. . W now understand the proposition of a Congress which opportunely interrupted Lord Cowley's mediation, f - , The London Ptat , asserts that the policy of the English Cabinet forced 1 ranee into toe arms of Russia, and compelled an alliance which canqot be regarded, without sincere apprehension. The London Herald, ot the 27th is enabled to state that the Government received, on the 26th, an official intimation of the acceptance, by Austria, of the mediation proposed by England. A despatch from Vienna asserts on creditable autnonlv inat 1 rencn troops nad ai ready violated neutral territory, and it was also announced that French forces had arrived at Genoa, and entered Sardi nia n territory. The passage of tive Ticino by the Austrian was noutJy expected. . The Gar man Diet bad decided to keep the prin cipal Federal contingents ready to march, and to arm tha federal foot soldiers. - QKXAT BRITAIN. Parliament was formally dissolved by proclama tion on the 23d ult. The new Parliament was summoned for the 31st of May. The election would commence in a day or two. Lord John RuMell, in addressing a meeting ef electors in lxndon, made special reference to the j Italian question, lie i said he felt certain that England's only safe course was to keep honestly and strictly neutral. ; lie protested against the predilection for Austria evinced by Lord Derby and Mr. Disraeli. 1 1 " . At the usual Easter banquet riven by the Lord Mayor of London, the Earl of Derby was a guest, j and in nia speecn adverted to the War question. He said the Cabinet bad not known tor twelve hoars the course which Austria had determined upon taking before they instructed their Ambassa dor, emphatically and formally, to protest in the name of England against a step which he charac terized' precipitate and criminal. He then pro ceeded U state that on tbat very day I tha 25th ) the English Government had attempted yet anoth er last measure in the interest of peace. They had just dispatched to Vienna and to Paris a joint representation offering to take up, on the part of Erjglaad alone, mediation at the point at which it was left, off .by Lord Cowley, and-ip endeavor to arranre the difficulties, subject to one of these two conditions, eitber on the immediate, absolute, and simultaneous disarmanent of the threo Powers, or , the consent on the part of all, pending the-result j w uvii, vo re ii n ineir armies precisely in ineir present conuiuon.and to main'ain a po sition, not of peace, at all events of inaction. He concluded by repudiating the idea that he had any wwh to side wiih either of the belligerents, and ad vocating a strict armed neutrality. Sir John Pakington. in bis speech, raid if. war should arise in Europe; it will be found that in the Mediterranean and in the English Channel there will be squadron powerful enough to up hold the dignity and to protect the interests of England. i The. London Poet, of Wedneaday, says that the whole militia of the United Kingdom would be embodied forthwith. . THREE DAYS LATER. ARRIVAL OF THE ADELAIDE. HOSTILITIES COMMENCED! The steamship Adelaide, from Gal way, with dates to the 30th April, arrived at St. John's, N ; B., on Monday, with news of the highest impor. tance. . . . , j.' THK WIS CRISIS. It was telegraphed from various sources that during the night of the 26th, '100,000 men, under the Commander-in-Chief, General Yogulai, cross ed the Ticino, in three corps d'armee, and took the road towards Novarr, and that they afterwards blew up tht bridge of Bufflera. This news lacked official confirmation, and some doubts were thrown on it. ' . j '. I I ' : It was alo reported that Austria had accepted the proffered mediation of England &od postponed' the declaration of war. France had not accepted England's offer of me diation, but was said to be considering it. The Paria Oonstitutionel and Daily Jfeiot den y the reported alliance between France and Russia. The latter cays that the document signed is a mere convention.' The Tinus professes to give the pro visions of the treaty, and draws the most threat ening consequences from them; regarding the al liance as a menace to England, inasmuch as Russia guarantees the services of her fleet in the Medita ranean and the Baltic in addition to the army ob servation on the Austrian frontier. . . ' As soon as the Times had published the treaty,' consols at once went down to 88. About forty failures had taken place among the stock opera tors. " - ' ' - j The King of Sardinia had issued inspiring pro- i clamations to the army, eay ing he, regarded Aus j tria's ultimatum as aa insult and i ejected it with diraain. Ihe Jfrench troops were landing at Genoa in large numbers. They were most enthusiastically; received. The King of Sardinia had gone to join the army at Alessandria. The Tuscan army had called on the Grand Duke to join France and Piedmont,' and declare war against Austria. Hj declined and fled, and Tus cany had declared in favor of a military dictator ship, j . .! ' GBKAT BRITAIN. : "Warlike nrenara dons -were o-oincr forward ra pidly in England. At Woolwich therVwas great activity, -the Government bad chartered Uun ard's screw steamer Etna and a number of other vessels to convey troops and ammunition to the Mediterranean. : , There were rumors of a 'proclamation, calling tor iu.oou men tor tne navy War premiums were betes? eenerallv demanded at Lloyd. t ! me jfariiamentaryiections nad commenced, ana were progressingquieuy. i . There was a great pank in London, and Con sols fluctuated excessively. j 7RAKC. - j J The most active military movements prevailed Eighty .thousand French troops were expected to be in Italy by the dav the Adelaide sailed. It was reported that Denmark had concluded a treaty offensive and defensive with France. .The Paris Bourse was considerably excited, but less so than the lndon btoct .Exchange. Ihe three per centes declined 1 per cent, on the 27th, but recovered a half on the 28th, closing at 62f. 70c, VEKT UTIST BY . TXLXOKAPH TROM LOKDON TO O AX WAY. i London. Saturday, April 30 The report that the Austrian crossed the Ticino on the 26th is incorrect. , Tbey received orders to do so, but these being countermanded they re mained on the east bank. It is asserted, however, that subsequently the advanced posts crossed, and teat tne mam army wuid do so on tne zotn. The Austrian official journal' contains an impe rial manifesto explaining the necessity of a war with Sardinia, and authoritatively denies that there is a secret treaty between France and Russia. The ship Pama, (supposed to be the Pomona,) from New-York for Liverpool, was wrecked off W ex ford on the loth. The crew and three pas sengers, whose names are not known, were saved. There were over 400 persons on board. The num ber of lives lost is as yet unknown. J , TBS Very latest. '. 'J London, Saturday noon. : The Austrian manifesto is considered as tanta mount to a declaration of war. ii Paris, Saturday, f The Austrians havo crossed the Ticino and hos tilities have commenced. This is official. COMMERCIAL. Cotton had declined Id. a Id., and prices were irregular, all owiue to Continental disquietude. At Manchester business was almost entirely sus pended., ; i Ureadstuns cad all considerably advanced, pro visions were higher and closed with an advancing tendency. : , " i, Consols bad declined to 87 a 891. Bank of En gland rates had advanced to three and a half per cent (.!.'. . ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA. New York, May 11 The steamer Persia, which sailed from Liverpool at 10 o'clock, A. M., on the 30th of April, arrived to-day at noon, but does not bring news as lato, by several hours, as the Adelaide. , The details by her, however, are interesting. The London Post, of the 29th, says, there is still hope of peace, as the last English offer of meaiauon is unuer serious consideration oy tne Emperor of the French, and if the Austrians re frain from advancing across the Ticino, a pacific settlement might still be made. .'. ! The following are the provisions of the Kueso- French treaty as given bv the London Times : i 1. itus&ia binds herself, in the event of France being at war with Austria, to assist her with co operation of her fleets in the Baltic and Mediter ranean, and place an army of 50,000 men on the Austrian frontier, i ! ; i This, the Times says, is directed .obviously against England. Its existence is proof that en terprises which are thus to be protected, are such as it would be impossible for England to allow them to pass unchallenged. The Times concludes that the Russian army ot observation is to excite insurrection among the Hungarians and Sclaves. j 2. Provides, in case Austria invades bardinia. that Russia shall declare war againBt ,her within fifteen daya after the violation of Piedmontese soil. - . - ' ' The Times maintains that "England need take no active part so long as the war is confined to Italy, but if France or Russia should attack Aus tria in Germany, or should Prussia be laid under contribution, these treaties .would become no less than partition of Europe, and the fi ret principle of preservation would compel us to consider wheth er we can better defend ourselves on the conti nent, or on our own homestead. However much we may desire to keep clear of these complica tions, the existence of the great Gorman powers is essential to our safety." . . , Prince - Uanaganu i has been appointed .Lieut. General of Piedmont during the war. ' Ihe Universities of Piedmont have been closed by Royal decree. , " r The Sardinians had retired to the west bank of the Palassea. The great mass of the army, about 75,000 strong was condensed about the fortresses of Alessandria and CusaLe, with the second line at he fort of the Appenines, between Novara and Tortana. ;i The Turin correspondent of the London Times doep not think the Austrians will reach that capi tol, as the country has been laid under water by means of canals for irrigation, and means had been taken to render the roads temporarily im passable. ;: J ' : . " " ;!.. '"'.,!-.::. , Th news that Tuscany had joined France and Piedmont, is confirmed. The Grand Duke of Tus cany refused to abdicate, but returned to Bologne, after throwing himself upon the protection rf the rive ureat Powers. - menuscan army is ia,oou strong. , . ! . " t . ' It is said that Victor Emanuel has been made Dictator by the Tuscans. i . ENGLAND, '.. The English Channel Squairon, which has gone to the Mediterranean, is to be immediately recalled. . .- . 'J.:.-.T' ' Four new ships of the line have been placed in commission in England. . : j u - It is stated that the French and Russian Gov? ernments have lately been procuring large sup plies of the charts and surveys of the English coast and stations, and of the, English stations in the Mediterranean : and bavt, likewise, been en gaged making large purchases of coal, irrespective of price or quality. i ; ', It is also intimated that extensive orders for charts had been received from tha Spanish Gow ernment, and the inference wag drawn! that Spain would throw herself in the arms of France. Twenty-seven gun boats, witn vesseis oflarger size, are building for the Spanish Government, and it is suggested that Spain might possibly be acting merely as agent tor others. Large quantities of guns and ammunition are being shipped toiiibralter and Alafta. Gen. "Williams, of Kars memory had been ap- pointea uovernor oi uanaia. 1 f ' FRANCE., A Ministry of Police is to be established after the fashion of the First Empire. The French army ofbbservation on the line will consist of 8 divisions of cavalry "and as many Of infantry. . . ; ; ' Eight steam frigates filled with troops, loft Tou lon on the 26th, for Genoa. 5 ! Mi.' The French army on the slope of the Alps, will consist of 16 divisions of infantry and 4 of cav alry. The JOfantry were marched overland. 14 out of 22 battallion'8 chasseurs are to form a part of the army of th& Alps. ! V Genoa will be occupied as a base of operations. Another base will be established at Lonci, which will be strongly fortified and made a general de pot for all the troops that arrive on the Alpine passage. ' i , k a no a- dui.u uuu mpjucuLru iuuvu uiuiuuiijr in crossing Mt. Conid. Four thousand workmen were employed in cleaning away immense masses of snow, it was expected that by the end of the week, there would be 80,000 French troops in Italy. ; !. r . ; ; A large operator in the Liverpool Exchange had been declared a defaulter. His liabilities is stated at 300,000. v The returns of the Bank of England sho w a de crease in its bullion of 411,000 in spec.e . . , ' ' : . LATEST. ' ' A panic exist in the London Exchange.; There is intense excitement. Over 50 stock brokers fail ed eomeof them quite important. ; f The discount market is dull 5a5 were the lowest rates for 6 months paper. The London Herald, speaking of the English mediation, says' that further attempts Appear use less. The French believ we are anxious to re open negotiations by means ot a conference be tween England, Prussia and Russia,- to be held during the short armistice between the actual liti gants., . j- .. The Times, and other morning journals, deny, authoritatively, that Denmark has concluded an offensive and defensive treaty with France. The Herald fays that Parma and Modena also declared for Sardinia. The Times of Saturday, reiterating its previous statements, says the advanced parts of the Aus trian army crossed the Ticino on the 26th, and took position in the enemy's territory, and that the main armv .crossed on th29th. , By all accounts the Austrians have determined on vigorous movements. There can be but little doubt that they are desirous of striking a blow be fore the i rencb troops reach them The war enthusiasm was increasing in France. Pans was in a high state of excitement, j The French were unprepared for so " sudden movement on the part of the Austrians. They expected to begin the- war at leisure, and some where about the I end of May, and although the French troops are being rapidly cohveydd; to the aNorth, they arrive, there without the means of en tering on the campaign. '" ? " The French government had received intelli gence ot an outbreak at Algeria, which I; would probably require the return of troops lately ta ken from there and sent to Italy, i The Times says that nearly all the English' Na val Engineers have their hands full of foreign or ders. Up to last night, 142 members had been elected to the new Prrliament, 112 of which were with out opposition. ORIGIN OF THE "WAR IN EUROPE- AUSTRIAN RULE IN ITALY. From the N. Y. Times. Like most other great international Conflicts, the approaching collision between France: and Austria has a double origin. It has been brought about in the first place by the operation, of certain recognized causes of which which diplomacy can take cognizance, and which will constitute the os tensible ground of war ; and in the second place, by the logic of a historical necessity, not the less real that no ministry .will allude to it, and no pro tocols discuss its bearings. In the near imminence ot the final crash, it is desirable that the people of, this country should clearly understand both as pects of the case; for, although nothing can be more unlikely than the United States, extended as our commerce is, should in any way become in volved in the progress of hostilities, it is extreme ly important that the sympathy and. the moral support of so great and free a nation should be given to the side of nationality and independence in a conflict from which it may be welt permitted us to hope for vast and permanent good to the liberty of mankind. It has been common with a large class of JEnglish journalists, to speak of the disturbances of the last few months as "provoked" by the 'restless ambition' of Napoleon III. Let us see whether some more satisfactory Cause can not be found for convulsions which have so deep ly agitated the- world. It is certainly, far from probable tbat in the present age, the mere petu lance and personal passion of any one monarch. however powerful, should be found able to shake Eunpe to its centre, unless the question; agitated by that monarch , were really ard of itself inherent in the very constitution of European affairs. Thus much it would be safe for any disinterested ob server to assume at the outset jV The words addressed by Napoleon III to the Austrian Envoy at Paris on New Year's Day,i were few and simple; They referred to negotia tions of some standing, and expressed the regret of the French Sovereign that these negotiations should continue to be in so unfavorable a state. Wily did these seemingly harmless phrases carry tewor to every Exchange on the Continent J Why are they bearing fruit, it may be upon this very day, of open and deadly waif between' the two greatest Empires of the Continent ? Because they were at once understood to mean: that Napoleon III was dealing seriously with the Italian ques tion ; becauso all Europe knew, and for years has known, to borrow the language of the London Times itself, that thera can be no stable peace in the worli while Austria can defer a settlement-of her pretensions in Italy ; and because the French Emperor has established a character for resolution and far-reaohing policy which makes his bitterest enemies feel that whenever he calmly undertakes a piece of political work, he will infallibly, accom plish it to the uttermost of his ability. Wlat then are these Austrian pretensions in Italy, and why is France in especial called upon to insist that they shall be summarily and decisively dealt with? The Italian Peninsular, with an area about equal to that of New York and New England combined, and a population of nearly twenty-five millions, occupies such a position in Europe that were it united under one authority, or leagued in one in- i terest, it must carry with it the command of the Mediterranean, and balance in the South the pow- cr of Germany in the Norths Were the Italian States froe and independent, no Power could suc cessfully undertake to arrogate to itself the domin ion of Southern Europe Were the Italian States subject to any one of ,the great Power that Pow er might undertaker the accomplishment of -the, dream of universal JEUropean dominion, at least as safely as Fraaee in thetime of Napoleon I., or Spain in the days of Charles V. : j ; -, When exhausted Europe, fell back in 1815 from its victoryover Napdleon dpon the reconstruction of . 'principalities and powers," it was felt to be imperaVeiy necessairy not only that Italjr should be'putbeyond the reach of any of the1 parties to the Iloly Alliance, jbut also that she should be. prevented from aspiring to any unity of her own.. No ruler could trust! his brother ruler with what lRlcbelieu called the "Key of the world," and all tuo i ujofs were Teooiveu: tuaii wuo xi-atiaii yvuptv should not hold it Italy was, therefore divided as follows : - V ;.'.!' "'' To the restored Kiing of Naples was igiven his old realm, the Italian inheritance of the Spanish Bourbons. Upon aa area nearly equal to that of New York,:this sovereign was to rule over ten millions of subjects, and the whole Southern re gion ot the Peninsula.! To the Pope was confided an area equal to that of Maryland and Massachu setts, with three millions of people, in the centre of Italy, and stretch ing from sea to sea. 1 An Aus trian prince; of the ypung branch of thel House of Hapsburg, held Tuscany, with - two" millions of people ; and a fertile region on the west, fully as large as Massachusetts, locked in upon its north eastern border by the; smaller Staies of Parma and Modena, also ruled bv princes of Austrian extrac tion and alliance, and with a combined population of about a million bouIs. JSoithern J.taly was " unuiiy uiviuou uy luexiver xiciuo anu uneu jube- . n ii j ! l . i l j i. . . m- j T r . giore between the Houses of Savoy and Hapsburg, ' I . T TT ' . f C i TT the former as .Kings of i?.irdinia, possessing a do minion to the West about as large as South Car olina, with a population twice as large as that of New York; the latter? as Kings of ' Ldmba'rdoy Venetia, holding a region half as large as Maine, with a population of about five millions. In these acrangemenl s it pleased the Congress of .Vi enna to seo a sure guarantee of the impotence of Italy to menace the peace of the world. ' But the House of Hapsburg bad. 'not forgotten its ancient motto, and! was determined not only to retain Lombardy, which had descended to it from thelnheritance of Charles V., and Venice, which had fallen into its hands in the chances of the last Napoleonic war,' but also to use Northern Italy as its lever for making all the, Peninsula its own. It lost no time jn beginning operations. It has never ceased to prosecute them. ; The most formi dable engines of Austrian influence have been the systematic attempts of the Italian sovereigns to crush their people back into the recognition of " Divine tttght" and to kill the hydras of." liberty and law" throughout i their States. The ink was hardly dry on the Conventions of Paris,i when in July 12, 1815, Austria signed a " secret treaty" with Naples, binding the King of Naples' to "rule his dominions in accordance with the views of the the Austrian Government." Five years later, in 1820, Naples forced her King to grant her a Con stitution. Austria then appealed to this secret treaty, and by virtue of it marched an afmy into "independent" Naples,' suppressed the Constitu tion, and established that Austrian tutelage which has endured, with the rief interval Of a few months in 1848, up to this time. In 1B21 Sar dinia r demanded a Constitution. Into Sardinia, likewise, Austria marched without a secret treaty, i and restored despotism there also. 'An outbreak at Bologna brought Austria into the Papal States, one or another-point of .which.she has never since ceased to occupy, j . The) Grand Duke of Tuscany is strictly Austrian by; family, and has therefore been left comparatively uncomplimented by the armed presence "of his kinsmen. "With Parma and Modena, in 1847, Austria concluded treaties allowing her to take! armed possession Of these States whenever "military prudence" should re quire it "Within the last forty years, therefore, Austria, from ruling five millions of Italians in one corner of the Peninsula, has advanced to a i practical control over the whoe Peninsula, with ) the single exception of Sardinia, in whiph State liberty has established itself, and has! held Its ( own witlrfncomparablle spirit and good sense. ' ; On formal grounds, then. Napoleon III, h clearly been right as a Europen sovereign in pro testing against the steady infraction of the balance of power in Italy of which Austria has been guil ty. In these protests ihe has simply echoed the less-determined' language held from time to time by bis predecessor, Louis Philippe, aacyby the Eng lish Government His, right to protect Sardinia from any invasion of Austria is demonstrable on .these overt grounds alone. ,. j ; As a french sovereign!, Napoleon, however, has other and even stronger reasons for hisl present action, not the less reepectabletthat they heed not be diplomatically putforward. The course of Austria in Italy,- while! it threatens all the) Powers concerned in the freedom of the Mediterranean, bears directly upon thej future welfare of,! France. France has nothing to fear from' Italy,- if the Italian States defined by the treaties of I.Vienna' be really i independent ( From Italy, as ja fief of Austria, France has everything to fear ; and the Prench jnonarch would be recreant to his. trust who could suffer the process begun in 1815 with Naples to be consummated with Sardinia ;in 1859. Should Austria, in the! war which she now incites, be wholly driven bevond the AIds. it is idle to suppose that Italy- would be transferred to the do- minion of Prance. ; The same reasons which tor- bid Italy to be Austrian forbid her to be French, and Narxileon III. is not the man to thro w him- self madlv against the combined leeling of Eu- rone. i wouia oe rasn inaeea now v cDwcuiam i upon the consequences of such a strife as impends in Europe; but we may feel more than confident that the result of a thorough humiliation of Aus tria in Italy must be, the inauguration! of such a career oi inaepenuence ana , nas onaiuy lor tne Test of Italy as has been so gloriously begun by the gallant people of Sardinia and Piedmont LAST BATTLE BETWEEN AUSTRIA' , . AND SARDINIA. :: ' :'. At the present crisis every thing concerning Austria and Sardinia will be perused with peculiar interest, and it may therefore not be out of place to recall the. last occasion when the armies of the two powers met upon the battle field, and when the gallant little kingdom of Sardinia was not, at now, aided by the gigantic support of France, Scarce a decade has passed since the plaini of No vara re-echoed to: the thunder of the artillery, and were darkened with the dust and smoke of battle. Many of our readers will vividly remember this great conflict, and the interest it excited ; but with the majority the past ten years have dimmed the recollection of the, previous European crisis, ; and the battle of Novara is to them but an historical tradition. The following from the New York EveBing Post however, briefly recapitulates the particulars of that eventful conflict : ..... . ! The battle of Novara, nearly as fatal to the am bitious schemes of Sardinia, as Pultowa was to Sweden, or "Waterloo to Bonaparte, took place on the 24th of March, 1849, near Novara, a city of Piedmont, situated on a hill about twenty-seven miles west of Milan,. It appears that on the morn ing of the 20th the, Piedmontese troops, comman ded by General Chrzanowski, had concentrated in force about fifty thousand men at Novaraj and at noon of that-day', received marching orders from Turin. -Y ; : - ? - j In the meantime Charles Albert was in the im mediate vicinity, about to advance to Paviaandt take possession of that place. , By strategical move ments, Eadetzky cut off communication between .the forces-commanded by the general and the king, and men pursued tne latter, x inoing inemseivea unable to; retreat, the Sardinian troops faced the pursuers, and were,' on the 21st, discomfited at Vercelli and hastily retreated towards Turin. On the 24th the Austrians and Piedmontese again' tame into collision. Then ensued. the battle of Novara. Radeztky, in his official dispatches to his government gives the following account of the struggle: t ' , . , - " The hostile army already On the 24th of March! cut off from what was, in reality, their line of retreat, determined, with a force of fifty thousand men, again to try the fortune of war in a position near Olengo,' close to Novara. The se cond division, which forms the vanguard under General' Aspre, marched on the 23d. towards 01en- go, and there encountered the enemy, whose un expected force made the battle doubtful for som6 hours. I had placed the fourth division on the right flank of the enemy, and behind that the first, in ordfer to take him completely in the rear on 'the other side of the Agoyna. The Archduke Albrecht, commanding the vanguard division, kept the enemy at bay unt'l Baron' Aspre and Baron Appel, with the third division, brought up their forces on" the two wings of that commanded by the Archduke Albecht, while I ordered up the fourth division to sunnort the centre. .'-We suc ceeded in facing the enemy until the fourth divi- sion, under JJ leld-JMarslial , lieutenant Thurn, acted so successfully on the enemy's right wing,on the other side of Agoyna, that this decisive ma noeuvre made the enemy retreat on all sides in great disorder, and seek shelter in the mountains in the direction of the north. ; v , " Our trophies are twelve cannon, a standard,, and about two or; three, thousand firearms. The loss of the enemy is, as far as yet known, two gen erals killed, sixteen staff officers killed and woun ded, and from; three to four thousand men. The regiments and battalions in the first line of battle had each from ten to twenty staff and other officers killed and; wounded ; the total loss amounts to be tween two ; and three thousand. But it was im possible to keep any one back. It was not enough not to be the last j every one wanted to be first. I Ihe battle lasted, from ten in the morning until t J l. . .i . t . . i an auvaiiceu iiuur 01 iub msjiii. It appears that owine to the mi9manas:ement of ueneral Uhrzanowski, Charles Albert was almost without artillery when he Was forced to encounter the Austrians, and this made the victory for th latter much more easy than if the Sardinians had been fully provided. Radetzky had upward of one hundred field pieces, which enabled him to ply the Piedmontese infantry with grape-shots and destroy thousands of them. ! His vietorv was com plete, and ithe piedmontesei army was completely routed. ! : ; i'. - (- " 'if'--'- '; . r The Sardinians, both officert and men, fought nobly, ihe Duke Of Genoa, the King's son, bad several horses shot under him, but his efforts were useless. The King was in the thickest of the fight, but though pails whistled around him, and several men were killed at his side, he was uninjured. At nightfall the Piedmontese Were obliged to retreat, but during the night Charles Albert continued to direct the defense. ; General Durando in vain tried to take him by the arm and lead him away. ' General,?' said the King, ?' it is my last day : let me die," ' But death does not always come when sought, The King; was still unhurt,, and when be saw that the army could hold out no longer, he; was forced to demand a suspension of hostilities. The blow was, however, too seyere for' him to endure. ' I the man Charles Albert was hot dead, he was n& termined that the disastrous day of Novara should end the existence of the king Charles Albert. At lunn be called his sons and officers, and said to them: "I can no longer render my country the services to which I have consecrated my life. After mature reflection, J have resolved to abdicate " His friends endeavored to combat this intention, " No," he replied with great firmness, " my reso lution is taken I am no longer king: the king is V ictor Jimatiuel.j It was owwig to this singular-; ly dramatic action on the part of the disappointed monarch, that the present King of Sardinia, then Duke of Savoy, was prematurely raised to the; throne. . i- l ' , 1 . Austria, assuming the abdication of the king as a sufficient apology for what she termed his unjust declarations of war, proposed an armistice, accord-f ing to which Victor Emanuel, on the part of Sar dinia, agreed to disband the Hungarian. Polish and Lomjjardian jregimentsi on, condition of their" receiving a complete amnesty irom Austria ; to alloweirtairi specified military occupation of Lorn-! bardy, Including that of the fortress of Alessan dria, by Austrian troops ; to withdraw her fleets of Sardinia from the Adriatic, and her troops from' Venice, and to conclude a. prompt and durable peace, and reduce the army to a peace footing.- j i Ten years; have elapsed since these events took: place. Tha shrewd political writers of r Eng land then foretold that the worst consequences of the overthrow of Charles Albert would be felt not in his dominions, but in Northern Italy ; while in the South the King of Naples Would be encouraged oy it to indulge in acts ot despotism he would hot dare otherwise attempt These pre dictions have proved true, and. alTthe present mo ment Lombardy is in another' ferment of excite ment, and the King of Naples, after following out the tyrannic; bent of bis inclinations, is lying at the point or death, hated and despised by all Ju rope. Ji,ven as we write the hand of death may have drawn a Veil between the eyes of the execra ted monarch and tboso visions of imprisoned and murdered men, whose 'memories hare disturbed his dying hours, like the ghosts of the outraged queens and princes, that flitted before the con science-stricken usurper Gloster, and bade him " despair and die."': Even now the Alpine heights that stand like giant sentinels, guarding the wide plains of Lombardy, may dook down uponihat neb and fertile tract, and scarcely discern through . the dust and smoke of war the accustomed shim- mering of the misty olive groves. By the porches or iigmoara camearsts, ny tne nurnoie waysiue crosses, along the shores of Italy's fairest lakes, and - o.nder the shadow of her mighty border mountains, may again be sweepingthe hostile armies of Aus- w u nun, uuuiuia, 1 1 uiyu vi uiwo mu, uuu m the coming conflict a Novara of defeat and disas ter, time will speedily show.. ' i! The following life-like picture of the "National Democrats party" f is taken from the columns of , . ' . , ,, "Charleston Mercury "one of the most ultra Democratic papers published in the whole coun-f try. The Mercury seems to be perfectly familiar with the subiect of which it treats. - Indeed we do not remember ever to baye seen a more com plete exnosition of the true; principles of Demo- racy compressed in So small acompass. Let the pub lic read whkt the Mercury says ; it meriu a care- -I .,l'.;''.'t. - I -i "We have seen nothing in? National Democracy of late years which challenges our admiration; to say nothing of our allegiance. J K Has Tri fled with Constitutional Restrictions,' And Set at Naught Positive Constitutional Injunctions. It has Aided in tbe Passage of -Unequal Laws, it has Squandered The Puulic Money, Robbed The Common Treasury,' Arid to Foreign Paupers It Has Giveri The Publie Lands. Ita Promises Have Been Broken; Its Pledges Disregarded, And Its Professions Falsified. To Conclude The "Whole Matter National democracy Is Corrupt, Vacillat ing, And False ; It Wears The Garb of Sanctity, That Its Hideous Deformities May be Concealed, It Woos But to Ruin, And! Wins But to Destroy.';-! . All this we steadfastly believe. Brittal Murder. On Sunday morning last, a man by the name of Hardaway Bone, a ditcher by occupation went to the residence of James Cornelius, of Catawba county, and demanded the Eayment of five dollars which Cornelius owed im for ditching. The latter . refused to pay the bill, when Bone commenced i beating him with a stick, and filially stabbed him two or. three times wita a knife, killing him on t'ue spot. Bone made his escape, but the relatives of the deceased have offered a reward of $500 for his arrest . , . . - The Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal. A correspondent of the Richmond Dispatch, wri ting from Norfolk on the :9th inst., says: "The first cargo of corn through 1 the Chesapeake and. Albemarle Canal, arrived here Saturday morning from North Carolina, and was sold before touch ing the wharf.. . I .. - . " " ". " .:. f' '! ":. The Biennial Session of the Southern Ban. list Convention which commenced on Friday, the 6th inst., in Richmond, Va., was brought to a close pn Tuesday evening last Efforts were J made to bring up the difficulty between the Rev. Dr. Howell and Rev. J. R. Graves, of Nashvillo, but all such efforts failed, and the Convention ad journed after a harmonious session of five days, to meet in Savannah, Ga., on the' Friday befora the second Sunday in May, 1861. . . ' . ,t -'tj- ,i , , : tv i' NoMCTATidw. D. ,T. Bisbie, Esq., formerly "of t Richmond, has been nominated by the Opposition of Norfolk, Va.,.for the House of Delegates. i;.;.-:. ; ; . : v. French Broad" Road. -The Magistrates of Madison county-have submitted $50,000 to be vot ed upon by the citizens of that county, as stock in 1 this Road. . , : : Frederick Lani, Esq., was on Tuesday last elected Mayor of Newbern. ' ' . " " '- ' :W SPECIAL NOTICES. IIOUSE ARE . CLEARED OF VERMI JT, And Oardens preserved from tha ravages of inaaets and worm, by Lyon's Magnetic Powders and Pills. ' Farewell to sleep, when bad bags' prey, ;" Or rata and mice (eonfonnd them) play.-, ' Professor. Lyon found a plant . in the Interior of Asia, tha powdered leaves of which (s certain death to garden insects, ants, roaches, bags, fleas, ticks, moths, Ac. A small amount of this powder will preserve a garden of plants, and rid a house ot all these annoying posts. It it fret from potion and harm leu to man kind and domestio - animals. It is more valuable in preserving erops than guano in making them grow. - ' Many worthless imitations are advertised. Tha only genuine is signed E. Lvov. It caa be ordered through any merchant' 1 : ';..,,- " Powder kills all insects In a trice, .V t But Pills are mixed for rata and mioe. 1 Sample Flaski,-25 cents; regular alms, 60 cents A $1. i : . BARNES A PARK, New York. i Also, the Mexican Mustang Liniment. apSO lm eow ' i To Consnmptives.- ; . ' JUST A. Clergyman having cured his aon of Con-, sumption in its worst stages, after being given pp to ' die, by the most celebrated physicians, desires to make known the mode of cure, (which proves aaccessful In every case,) to tbese afflicted with Coughs, Colds and Consumption, and he will send the same to any address, ' free of charge Address, enclosing two atamps to pay return postage, i DANIEL ADEB, , . i ,:,'' 211 Centre street New York., j ; mar 2--wly $as w. h. med. co. ',-t . . j RANK I. WILSON, ESQ., WILL DXLIV. er an address before the Franklin Society at Ox ford, May 27th, 1859. i ,. .1 ' my 7 St LAW . -i. i COPARTNERSHIP, SALEJGH, N. C. H. W. MILLER and O. W. BROOKS, HAVING ASSOCIATED THEMSELVES TO GETHER in the Practice of tha Law ia the County , Courts, will attend promptly to all business entrusted to their care. . They will attend the County Courts of Wake, Johnston, Nash, Franklin, Granville, Person and Orange. " t ' OFFICE on Fayetteville Street, above the Law rence Hotel, where one or the other may be constantly found. ;.";:''' - ,;- '-;; ' .,' j jan j A SITUATION WANTED. " . rpUE SUBSCRIBER WISHES TO SE X cure a permanent situation aa teacher. . Ha par poses preparing students for tha Collegiate eoarsev The subscriber has five years' experience in his pro fession, and is aa old pupil of W. J. Bingham. 1 Address, W. D., Oaks P. 0., Orange county, N. C. .; :i; ' '.'r;;.j . .... p tf' LYON'S MAGNETIC POWDERS : . Will df troy -Garden Jmeett, Cockroaehet, Sed-Bugl, -, Flea, Antt, Moth, and all pettt of , ... ; ''."j the vermin -kind. , j . THE importance of a reliable article of the kind is inestimable. In warm weather all nature taenia with these annoying foes. ' This powder is tha only article ever discovered which will exterminate them. A company of botanists, from the Horticultural Bode ,ty of Pari, while amidst the, ferns of Alia, observed that all insects lighting upon a certain kind of plant very soon dropped dead. This fact was mad aaa of to guard their night camps from these intruders. Quantities of the plant were brought home . by Mr. X. . Lyon, and found a positive insect destroyer in every experiment. It is simply -a powdered leaf, chemically prepared to resist tha effect of age and climate.. Med als and Letters Patent have .been obtained from tha Governments of iEngland, Franca, Germany, and Ros- , sis, from the World's Fan-, and numerous medical and horticultural colleges and societies. ,' '.'ii '; Letter from the President ofthe Vi States. ' i Exbcutiv Mabsioh, Washington,! , 1 ' January 81st, 1868. J "Mr. Evahukl Lroir, Dear Sir s I have the pleas ure to Infonn you that the Royal Commission of tha World's Fair, at London, have awarded you a Medal ana oerunoaieior us great vaiue or your jnagneua i Powders, for exterminating insects, ete.( . - I i MILLARD FILLMORE, Chaiman.'' 1 ' ' The above was accompanied by a eertificaU of Prince Albert. . y . '"'"-.f If i Free from Poisoni ' v -' " ; . Naw York; Ootobnlst, 1858. Mr. E. Lvon, Dear Sir We have Analysed and tested your Magnetic Powders, and and them perfectly harmless to mankind and domestio animals,, but cer tain death when inhaled by bugs, ants and insect.. , JAS. R. CHILTON, M. D- Ckemitt. ... LAURENCE REID, 1 ...J.-, . . , i .Prof. Ckemutry, ff. T. HotpUal. Mr. John 1'. Rome, Superintendent of tha New York Hospital, says, " he Jhas expelled all tha-bugs, ants, roaches, moths, etc., with Lyon's Powder, and finds it of immense value." V Every gardener and house-keeper must have a direct interest in an article of this kind." Reference can be made to tha Astor, St Nicholas, and Metropolitan Ho tels; to Judge Meigs, President of the American In stitute j James Gordon Bennett, Gen. Wlnfield Seott, Cyras W. Field, L, M- Pealse, of tha Five Points Mis sion, etc., etc- Judge Meigs says, "This discovery of Prof. Lyon is of national importance. The Farmers' Club have tested it thoroughly. It will destroy lo cust', grasshoppers, ants, moths, burs, and all vermin. Garden plants can be preserved, and bouse mads pure" :,.'; '" ... .''v. -, Arrangement are now made through Messrs. Banks & Park of New York, to have it sold throughout tha world. Many worthless imitation ara advertised. Bo eaatiout! .. i . ,n f November 8th, 1858. -' " In retiring from business, I have sold all my In sect Powders aad Pills, Letter Patent, and th aaerata pertaining thereto, to Messrs. BARNES A PARK. This Powder is a discovery made by asyaeuV aad brought from tha interior of Alia, and i unknown to any other person. The genuine and effective artlcla is put up in tin canisters, and will continue to bear my nam. ,. ' E. LYON." - Rats and mice cannot be reached bv a powder, aad are killed by a Maomtic Pill. Order thaaa through any merchant.'.- ." ' f. . r : Tib Lyon'i Powder kills inseoU in a trioe, . ' ' But Lyon'i Pill are mixed for' rata and mice. ' Sample 'Flasks, 25 oenta; regular ise60 cents and $1, Follow direction. Ue freely and thtmqhlv, - - BARNES A PARK, ! . II and 14 Park Row, New York. Also, the Meiican Mastang Liniment. - 1 mar 9 eow 6m $iempoo ' NOTICE TO THE TRAVELING PUL LIC Parson wishing; to obtain a eoavevanco either to or from the Railroad DeSota, in this eity, aaa always be accommodated- by Yarboroagh tout Hers Omnibue. The Omnibus will always be found by pas- aengera at tha Depot upon tha arrival of either of the trains. Persona is U eity will, be eonveyea to u Depot in time for either train, if thsy leave their or ders at my Stable. . ' " . ! J Varrtages, Uuggie ana none xor nir upon aocom- modating term. " . - i- r Persons attending tha eity with Hones, Drovers, 4e will find my Livery Btablas iigioiy situaua aad say tarm aatiafactory. CLAYTON :s, . ,rmt of Market 0f aara J