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By P. M. HALE.
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;4W
VOL. I.
RALEIGH, N. C, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1884.
NO. 30.
PllW U7 i 11,11 I II II. i
LIFTED OTBB.
BT H. B.
A tender mothers guiding baby steps,
Where places come at which the tiny feet'
Would trip, lift up the little ones in arms
Of love, and set them down beyond the harm;
So did' our Father watch the precious boy,
Led o'er the stones by me, who stumbled oft
Myself, but strove to help my darling on:
He saw the sweet limbs faltering and saw
Rough ways before us, where my arms would
fail; :
So reached from heaven, and lifting the dear
child,
Who smiled in leaving me, He put him' down,
Beyond all hurt, beyond my sight, and bade
Him wait for me ! Shall J not then be glad,
And, thanking God, press on to overtake
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Raleigh Register, June 23, 1884.!
Seven years ago when the Democratic
party took charge of North Carolina, and
Superintendent Scarborough immediate
direction of the Public Schools, the old
system, as it was called, was almost uni
versally held to be worse than no system ;
in truth there was but little tystem in it.
It wns a failure and a farce, and the peo
ple, with reason, paid taxes unwillingly
for its support. The f schools were poor
beyond comparison. The school-houses
were in a state of decay and ruin. The
incompetency of the teachers was piover
bial. There were no Graded Schools ; not
a Public Normal School ; no County Teach
ers Institutes; no County Superintendents.
A practical, earnest, capable, common
sense Superintendent, a Governor thor
oughly in earnest in the cause of educating
the people not only as the Stated duty
to the people, but as the most efficient
agency of State development and a sensi
ble and faithful Board of Education, have
changed all that. The people learned that
thevery safety of the State required a
change; and that lesson learned:. by the
people, the education of the children of
the State became a quickening and ani
mating principle in our legislation. Taxes
for the purpose of education have been in
creased ; primary schools for children have
been multiplied; graded schools of a high
order have been established ; and normal
, schools under teachers who have attained
the highest proficiency have been estab
lished at convenient points throughout the
State for the instruction of teachers of
primary schools.
Much doubtless remains to be done ; for
. nothing is at once invented and perfected.
A school system, in an old community es
pecially, is necessarily of slow growth,
and it takes years of patient labor and,
wise-management to accomplish needed
reforms. Our State is not an exception to
?the rule. Time must "elapse before the
benefits are fully felt; for the mass of
ignorance was appalling, and the process
of education is the work of years with
each generation. Yet it must be seen that
a system has been established which, if
. duly fostered and wisely administered, as
by its present Superintendent, will bring
home; before many years have elapsed, the
blessings of education to every man in the
. bounds of the State-.-. The young children
"of the present generation may live to re
peat the remark of Chief Justice Reeves of
Connecticut, after an extensive practice as
a lawyer for twenty-seven years, that he
had met with but one person in that State
who could not write. The school system
- now in existence here is substantially that
which produced such beneficent effects
' there.
This subject of popular education is per
haps the most important involved in the
political struggle now beginning in North
Carolina. Its.importance is pressing and
permanent, and comes home to the house
hold and heart of every citizen. Upon its
proper determination depends the material
' progress of the State and what is more,
the welfare, moral, intellectual, and to a
great degree spiritual, of present and fu
ture generations. It is one which has no
partisan aims; it has no political signifi
cance except in the broadest and most be
neficent sense. It has for its object the
good of all, without respect to age, sex,
color or condition. On a subject so mo
mentous mistakes must be carefully nvoid-
ed. That it would be a fatal mistake to
permit the control of the State Government
' to pass once jnore into, the hands of the
Republican party, a simple recital of facts
taken from the public records, open to the
examination of every citizen, will make
very plain indeed.
Tbe First Establishment.
The men who founded our State Gov
ernment were very great men. The Con
stitution framed by them was a monument
of statesmanship. So wise was it in its
general scope, so admirably compacted in
all its parts, that it existed unchanged for
more than half a century, from 1776 to
1835. Then, and in 1854, it underwent
some modification in a few particulars and
remained until 1868. The scheme of edu
cation was more comprehensive than that;
the then States. Few of these Constitu
tions contained any provision for educa
tion. In the Constitution of North Caro
lina is to be found this provision: "All
useful learning shall be encouraged and
promoted in one or more Universities."
But the framer8 of our Constitution knew
that a commonwealth depends not alone,
or even mainly, upon the manner in which
the duties of" its higher offices are dis
charged, but equally upon the manner in
. which those offices are filled to which any
citizen may at any moment be called; as
magistrates, sheriffs, etc. ; and those which
are devolved upon every citizen by the
mere fact of citizenship, as jurymen, etc.
The educational interest of all was to be
provided for. It was therefore ordained
as part of the fundamental law, that
' schools shall be! established for the con
venient -instruction of youth with such
salaries to the masters, paid by the public,
as mayyenable them to instruct at low
prices
In obedience to the first injunction, the
, hi
University was founded. From small be
ginnings it attained large prosperity: at
the beginning of the war the number of
its students was nearly five hundred. It
tx came the pride of our people, perhaps
the most cherished l all our possessions.
A larf?e maioritv of those who had won
renown in the service of the State, whether i
upon the Rtate or national theatre, had ;
Itecn trained there. Very many of the il- i
lustrious men of other States had enjoyed j
the same training. As in public so in j
private life, wherever the charm of let- i
tered intercourse was felt and appreciated, j
the obligation to the University was ac- ;
knowledged. There was no institution in j
the U nion where the essential branches of ;
higher knowledge were better taught,' !
none which better fitted men for a useful
and honorable career in the active affairs
"f life, j ' '
Fulfilling the second injunction, a sys- !
tern of Common Schools was in time and
after many struggles established, and from
1852 to 1881 our educational progress at
tracted general attention and admiration.
The standard statistical works of the
North accorded to North Carolina the
honor of greater advancement, considering
her starting point, than that of any State,
and all her Southern sisters regarded her
as their educational head. In the ten
years preceding the war, in large measure
owing to the influence of the public
schools, emigration nearly ceased and"
every species of improvement felt a new
and steady impulse. Our colleges were
doubled, the number of pupils in each
more than doubled, and high schools and
academies were quadrupled. Our- people
were made familiar with their own State,
and love and pride followed knowledge of
it. The common schools under God, made
the bone and sinew,, the soldiers, lieuten
ants, captains, colonels, of that great army
which made North Carolina glorious in the
war. A fund of two millions of dollars
had been accumulated, and with the in
come from it supplemented by taxation
the schools had so prospered that they
were kept open even during all the gloomy
period of the war, and when General
Johnston was negotiating his surrender
the State Superintendent was receiving
reports from the county officers of the
school system.
Republican Disestablishment.
The State Government passed from the
hands of the Democratic party into pos
session of the Republicans. The Profes
sors at the University, everywhere honored
and beloved, were driven out upon the
world, and men put in their places the
best not more than equal to a tutorship,
the others not more than equal to the
headship f a village school. The effect
was disastrous. The people refused to
send their sons there and the University
was closed.
The Common School Fund, diminished
by the results of the war which had de
stroyed the banks in which much of the
fund had been invested, was yet a large
one when the Republicans took possession
of it. In the three years of their absolute
control they sold out the stocks in the
Wilmington & Weldon and Wilmington
& Manchester Railroads ($600,000) and
in the Cjfpe Fear Navigation Company
(650 shares) for what reason nothing in
the Acts f sale indicates and invested
the proceeds in "special tax bonds." They
squandered in the same way $125,000. of
inoney received from the United States
Government for educational purposes, and
were on the point of selling and in like
manner wasting the proceeds of all the
lands in Eastern North Carolina belonging
to the fund. The schools were practically
closed during their term of power.
The reports of Republican Superinten
dent S. S. Ashley and Republican Auditor
Henderson Adams show the following
facts:
For that part of the fiscal year 1868
during which the Republicans had power,
there was not a dollar of the literary fund
spent for teaching.
During the fiscal year ending September
30, 1869, there was spent out of the edu
cational fund $167; 158. 18. Not one -dollar
of this large sum was spent in teaching
the poor children of the State, white or
black, to read or to write. Instead of that
the Republican Legislature took $158,000
of that amount and divided it among its
members under the name of per diem at
$7 a day; $3,000 was "loaned" to the
University professors, and the balance of
the $167,000 is charged to "expense ac
count." During the fiscal year ending Septem
ber 30, 1870, there was spent out of the
educational fund $203,411.01, as follows:
Invested in;8peqial Tax Bonds $150,000.00
Expense account 2,014.00
Poll tax returned 415.15
Paid to teachers of schools 38,981 .86
Loaned to University 10,000.00
Loaned to the Deaf and Dumb Aylum 2,000.00
J J
Total.... $203,411.01
The investment in Special Tax Bonds of
course proved- an entire loss (they were
worthless Mhen bought). Not one-fifth of
the whole amount expended was applied
to the public schools. Out of two hun
dred thousand dollars expended, less than 4
thirty-nine thousand was paid for teach
ing. And this $38,981 is the total amount
of the money expended for popular educa
tion during the whole term of Republican
rule. During the whole period of Repub
lican administration, whilst millions of
dollars of taxes were wrung from the suf
fering people'for purposes of waste and
worse than waste, not one cent of tax was
levied by -the General Assembly for the
support of public schools.
Restoration.
So much for our common schools under
Republican rule. Before another fiscal
year was ended the Republicans lost the
complete control of the State. The Dem
ocrats gained control of the Legislature,
and with it there came a check to ruinous
taxation and to waste of the taxes collect
ed. From 1871 to October 1, 1876, such
taxes as the people could pay were levied
for school purposes, and such progress was
made in rebuilding the school system as
' could be made under the Republican Con
stitution of 1868. The University .'was
revived, and under qualified instructors
and jnen of character once more began to
be of eminent public use, and once more
to win its way into the affection and con
fidence and respect of the people of the
State and of other States. In 1876 the
new Constitution was adopted, and with
the New, Year the executive and legisla
tive departments of the government passed
into the hands of the Democrats and a
season jf peace and prosperity began,
greater in the last seven years than was
ever before known in the history of the
State. The public schools have prospered
as well as the people. The Legislature of
1876-'77 levied in addition to the taxes
appropriated by the Constitution a prop
erty tax of 8X cents and a poll tax of 25
centsr For the fiscal year ending Septera-
j ber 30, 1877, $289,213.32 was disbursed
. .11
for schbols as follows
To teachers of schools for white chil
dren $169,682.94
To teachers of schools for colored
children
For school houses for whites . . .
For school houses for colored . .
To County Examiners
For other' expenses
For Treasurers' commissions. . .
93,840.93
7,179.89
4,326.08
1,630.25
3,398.00
9,155.23
280,213.32
For the year ending September 30, 1878,
$324,287.10 was paid out for schools, thus:
To teachers of schools for white chil
dren $188,822.86
To teachers of schools for colored
chUdren 104,070.12
For houses and sites for white schools 8,886.57
For houses and sites for col'd schools 3,976.47
To County Examiners 1,212.80
Treasurers'' commissions 10,015.34
To Clerks of County Boards of Edu
cation 2,266.78
Insolvent taxes refunded 1,243.19
For other purposes 3,792.67
Total amount disbursed $324,287.10
For the year ending September 30, 1879,
the disbursements were $326,040.85.
Teachers of schools for white children 1 83,867.64
Teachers of schools for col'd children 110,651.73
School houses aausites for whites.. 9,599.43
8chbol houses and sites for colored. . 5,207.07
To County Examiners "1,143.76
To clerks of County Boards of Edu
cation 2,493.13
Insolvent taxes refunded J.516.27
Sheriffs for serving school notices. . . 404.45
For other purposes 1,469.58
Treasurers' commissions 9,597.78
Total amount disbursed 1326,040.85
For the year ending September 30, 1880,
$352,382.55 was paid for schools:
To teachers of schools for white chil
dren fcJOO, 438.24
To teacher.saf, schools for colored
children.: 118,014.91
School houses and sites for white chil
dren..;. 10,137.08
School houses and sites for col'd chil
dren..;.. 5,995.03
To County Examiners 1,054.55
To clerks of County Boards of Edu
cation 2,659.64
Insolvent tax refunded 1,366.97
To Sheriffs for serving school notices 721.40
For other purposes 1,093.31
Treasurers' commissions allowed 11,401.52
Total amount disbursed $352,882.65
In 1881, the disbursements were $409,
658.88: To teachers of schools for white chil
dren $210,060.24
Teachers of schools for col'd children 132,151.36
School houses and sites for white chil
dren 15,583.35
School houses and sites for col'd chil
dren 11.641.26
To County Superintendents 6,394.05
To Registers of Deeds 2,694.22
To insolvent taxes returned 890.89
To Teachers' Institutes. 998.40
For other purposes 14,473.94
To treasurers' commissions allowed. . 14,670.97
Total amount disbursed $409,658.88
In 1882, $509,736.02:
To teaehers of schools for white chil
dren... $255,040.28
To teachers of schools for col'd chil
dren 118,068.21
School houses and sites for white chil
dren 41,190.08
School bouses and sites for col'd chil
dren 33,522.29
To County Superintendents 18,732.00
To Registers of Deeds 3,026.15
Insolvent taxes returned.
1.402.93
Teachers' Institutes
Other purposes
Treasurers' commissions allowed
2,252.55
17,765.32
17,836.21
Total amount disbursed ......
In 1883. $621,295.46:
Teachers of schools for whites. .
Teachers of schools for colored
School houses for whites
School houses for colored
For County Superintendents...
Paid Registers of Deeds
.$509,736.02
264,485.U
217,690.99
40,544.86
43,025.99
14,621.24
2,795.28
Teachers' Institutes (white) 1,048.63
Teachers' Institutes (colored) 590.29
Other purposes 16,173.70
Treasurers' commissions 20,319.37
$621,295.46
and thirteen counties making no report.
The disbursements for the seven years
have been $2,833,114.28, and all of this
large sum (except about five per cent, of
expenses) for teaching the white and black
children of the State.
The University Normal School, white,
and the State Normal School, at Fayette
ville, colored, were established in 1877 and
have been maintained by the public treas
ury, not out of the school fund. The
object of the Normal School is to teach
the teacher how to teach most effectively.
It attempts to present a philosophical re
view of primary studies, to give to theo
ries already established a practical turn, to
devise efficient methods for the economy
of time in prosecuting studies, and to de
cide upon general principles of school gov
ernment. Its ultimate aim is ' to produce
a perfect teacher, to soften the manners,
refine the taste, and cultivate the faculties
of those intrusted with the care of chil
dren." Its immediate effects arc seen in
the improvement of the public school sys
tem, in the eradication of antiquated meth
ods of instruction, arid in providing bet
ter primary instruction in subscription
schools, thus remedying startling defi
ciencies in the rudiments of education, so
often witnessed in applicants for admis
sion into our colleges ,
The result of four years of Democratic
administration of the public schools was
sufficiently encouraging to ensure the re
turn to the Legislature of 188Qr-'81 of a
body of men thoroughly convinced that
the people wanted good schools, and means
provided to make them good schools, Su
perintendent Scarborough earnestly asked
for larger appropriations to Normal
Schools, and more of them; for County
Teachers' Institutes, which are but minia
ture Normals, and being local more effect
ive in reaching the masses of the teachers;
for County Superintendents with well-defined
duties; for some legislation in regard
to books; for a large increase in the taxes
for school purposes. Most of his recom
mendations, embodied in the bill prepared
by himself, were adopted in whole or in
part. .
The Legislature added fifty per cent, to
the taxes for public schools, which are now
I2i cents on the $100 of property and 37
cents on the poll.
The University was enabled by an ap
propriation of $5,000 annually to undertake
the free education of 96 students, who arc
to repay the State by becoming teachers in
its schools.
Eight Normal Schools, conveniently lo
cated for teachersin every section, four
for each race, were added to the two nl
rcady in existence, and $8,000 is appro
priated to them annually, thussecuring$2,
000 more from the Peabody fund. Two
thousand- teachers, each year, are thus di
rectly reached arid greatly benefited.
Two thousand more are reached by the
Institutes authorized by the act, and now
held in nearly every county, and paid for
with about $4,500 from the school funds.
The State's liberal and progressive ac
tion has; also secured for four years past,
and now, twelve Peabody Scholarships,
good each for two years at the Nashville
Normal College. Each of these Scholar
ships is worth $200 per term of eight
months, with free tuition for the special
and professional training of teachers for
the public schools of the State. The ag
gregate amount therefore expended for
teacher-training is about $22,000 annually.
The State Superintendent was made a
Superintendent in fact, and with n elerk
provided at very moderate expense ($G00)
and a modest provision ($500) for his own
travelling expenses, he has been enabled
to leave his office and thoroughly canvass
the whole State, acquainting himself with
the schools and their needs, counselling
with County Superintendents and Boards
as to local and general plans and policy,
addressing people and teachers, and by his
earnestness to do good, his strong, prac
tical sense, and his thorough knowledge
of his business, fixing the system in the
hearts of V the people.
The County Superintendents, too, au
thorized by tue law at his earnest request,
with very few exceptions, have deeply in
terested themselves in their duties, and
done much in the short time since their
appointment, to systematize, unify, and
energize the State's efforts to give to its
children the elements of a good education.
Under the guidance of the county super
intendents many of the counties have been
redistricted with reference to proper size
in territorial limit and the school popula
tion to be accommodated. The people
have been addressed liy them on the sub
ject of education and the needs of the
schools. Information has been given in
reference to various departments of school
work, and the more the people have seen
of wise, energetic, progressive superinten
dents, the more the people have realized
their necessity to a good system of schools,
and the necessity of good schools. Under
their leadership the teachers have been
greatly improved. The standard of their
scholarship has been raised. The best
teachers under the old system have been
made better by the new. Those with ca
pacity, but whose opportunities heretofore
have been limited, have been encouraged
and aided by wise direction in their efforts
to improve, and those who have been
found to be wilfully incompetent and non
progressive, and those without the capaci
ty for teaching have been ami are being
dropped from the rolls. One hundred and
seventy-eight Teachers' Institutes have
been held in ninety counties during 1881,
1882 and 1883, anil in these 3,224 .white
and 1,168 colored teachers have been in
structed in matter and methods and their
usefulness and qualifications as teachers
greatly enlarged. County teachers' and
educational associations have been organ
ized in many of the counties and made the
vehicles for disseminating information
among people and teachers. Educational
journals are being read and the knowledge
therein obtained applied to home schools. ;
Graded Schools, generally of very high !
merit, have been established at, Charlotte, I
Salisbury, Greensboro, Durham, Fayette- I
ville, Raleigh, Goldsboro, Wilson, Rocky j
Mount, -Wilmington, Franklinton, High j
Point, Newbern, Kinston (2), Magnolia, '
Faison, Winston and other towns and vil- ;
lages: Many other towns arc moving in !
the same direction, and if our system be j
not crippled by unwise changes, or once i
more overthrown by the return of Repub- !
licanism to power, the day is not distant
when every North Carolina town, with j
the aid of the State and county school
funds, will establish and maintain its own j
good schools.
The county schools, too, are rapidly im
proving and becoming efficient. The peo
ple as they become more and more alive to
the advantages of good schools are de
manding well qualified teachers. The in
efficient teachers are passing from the rolls,
and teachers trained by Normals and Iu
stitutes take their places. That the train
ing is good, there is other than home
evidence m the observations made by Dr.
Mayo, the well-qualified editor of the Bos
ton Educational Journal, and in the public
declarations of distinguished Northern
tenchers in attendance on our Normals,
that the North Carolina Normal-Institute
work is superior to the New York Institute
system.
The fact of the matter is that under the
system inaugurated by the School Law of
1880-'81, the public schools have been so
far superior to the schools before that date
that decided enemies have been converted
to warm supporters. Hundreds of citizens
in each county, strong opponents of pub
lic schools as mere waste of public money,
are now their ardent friends. Large num
bers of teachers of private schools and
academies who were formerly outspoken
in opposition to public schools alleging
that no good came from them, and great
harm by reason of damage to private
school patronage are now firm frieuds of
the public system. They combine the two
systems, make both better, and bring home
to att classes of our citizens the benefits of
the public schools.
In 1877, the numlu-r of children of
school age was 408,296 ; and the number
enrolled as attending school was 98,704.
In 1883, the w hole number was 466,678;
and the number at school 250,644.'
In 1869, the value of school property was
nothing: Superintendent Ashley left only
a plan a very handsome and utterly use
less one for building school-houses. It
can, vet be seen at the capitol.
In 1879. the value was $143,509.10.
In 1883, it was $390,008.50. The school
houses had been increased in number, and
doubled in value in 1881 82 by beine
made fit for school use.
In the years of Republican misrule noth
ing was expended for school-houses, there
being no schools and of course no need for
houses; the Legislature had need of the
school money for housing and feeding its
members.
In 1877, $11,515.97 were paid for school
houses. In 1883, $74,712.37.
In 1868, 1869, 1870, the years of Repub
lican rule, the money reported as expended
on schools was $38,981.86.
In 1883, under Democratic rule one
year the money paid for schools was
$621,295.46. And in the three years of
1881, 1882, 1883, the amount was $1,540, -690.36.
And all this has been done, too, without
increase of aggregate taxation. Nor only
so; but these disbursements are made for
schools, and the interest on the new fund
ed debt is paid, with a tax-bill levying
much less than one-half the property tax
collected by the Republicans before this
school legislation was had and the new
bonds issued to fund the State debt.
These are the facts in regard to one of
the gravest interests involved in the results
of this year's elections. There is not a
statement made in regard to Republican
misconduct of the public school interests
that is not taken from the record written
by the Republican officers, and filed in the
Capitol. There is not a statement made
in regard to the conduct of the schools
.since the State was restored to the posses
sion of its own tax-paying people that may
not be verified by any one who will exam
ine the public records. It is not thought
necessary here to add a word 'of argument
r or of pleading to the simple recital of the
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
the truth.
"Ir, Jonea Knew.
Indianapolis Sentinel. J
Jones bought a new hat. ' On the inside
was the motto, " Moveo ct proficio." He
took pains to find out the meaning of the
words, and at an evening party introduced
the subject; but when he attempted to
translate it he couldn't remember it, and
appealed to his wife.
"Maria," he said," do you remember
what was in my hat when 1 brought it
home Saturday?" j
"Perfect'," said Mrs. Jones with com- I
posurc. j
"And what was it?" he asked, looking i
round on the company as much as to say, J
"Now you will see what a scholar rny ;
wife is."
"A brick."
CHANGE.
GOVERNOR HENDRICKS AGAIN.
The Evil Time and Their Cause.
Mr. Hendricks at Nuncie, Indiana.J
To what a condition have we come? I
refer now to the statement made by Mr.
Calkins, the Republican candidate for
Governor, in his speech at Richmond a few
weeks ago. He said we now have $400, 000, -000
in the Treasury. Do you know how
he came to say that? He said that by way
of braggadocio, by way of a taunt to
Democrats. He said the Republican par
ty when it came in power found an empty
Treasury, and now it has $400,000,000 in
the Treasury. Do you want to hear me
express my opinion of what is the fortu
nate condition of the country? Well, it
is not in having a Treasury overflowing,
it is not in collecting from the people un
told millions of money that it may be hid
away in the vaults of the Treasury. At
Washington to-day they are digging new
vaults and adding to the old vaults, so as
to find room for putting away the people's
currency. Is it that the Republicans have
now in tha Treasury $400,000,000? And
that, gentlemen, is one-half of the paper
currency of the country and moe. The
paper currency of the country is about
$700,000,000, and of the currency of the
country there is locked up in the Treasury
$400,000,000. Do you desire that? If so",
vote for Mr. Calkins, vote for the Repub
lican candidate for President, for they
boast to vou that they have locked up
$400,000,000 of your money. What right
has the Government to $400,000,000 of the
people's money that it has no occasion to
use in the administration of United States
affairs? What would be the effect if taxes ',
were reduced so that this inoney would
come back into your pockets and into the :
channels of trade? Don't you know that !
it would stimulate enterprise? Don't you j
know that it would give employment to j
laborers? j
Shall I stop now and speak of the pres- j
cut condition of our country? Four years ;
ago, when you know we had flusher times
ami everything was well with the people,
wheat was worth $1.20, and labor was well
paid, and the Republican orator came to
you and said: "My countrymen, won't
you let well enough alone? Are you will
iug to turn the party out that has brought
you such prosperity and put a party in of
whose acts you do not know? What will
be the consequence?" And to that appeal
the people listened. How is it now? Are
men employed? Are the furnaces throw
ing out the fire and smoke that indicate
successful enterprise and industry? I have
here, from an Indianapolis paper of yes
terday evening, perhaps the best-edited
paper of the Republican party in that
citv, the JWir, a statement of the number
of failures- that have recently taken place in
the country. It is a dispatch from New
York, saying that the business failures
throughout the country during the last
seven days, as reported to R. G. Dun &
Co., and they are great authority on that
subject, numlx'red for the United States
199, and for Canada 14, a total of 213, as
against a total of 190 last week, showing
an increase of 17 failures this week over
last week. In, other words, it is 8 per
cent, more for the week that ended yester
day than the week before that, an increase
in failures of 8 per cent. And how can it
be otherwise when there is an enormous
jiortion of the people's currency locked up
in the vaults of the Treasury ! Send that
money out more into the channels of trade
and wheat will not sell at a begging mar
ket for 62 cents, 72 cents, and 78 cents a
bushel. It is 50 cents a bushel less to-day
than it was when you elected the Republi
can candidate four years ago," who made
James G. Blaine Secretary of State. And
if you have your mortgage to pay, or the
interest upon it, counting bushel for dol
lar, it takes a good many more bushels
now to pay the interest on your mortgage
debt than it did four years ago; and when
you come to pay your mortgage off it will
take a good many more hundred bushels
than it did a good while ago. They do
not say to you now, as they did four years
ago: "L.et well enough alone. -It is not
well enough it is bad enough. When
you see men out of employment you may
know there is troubie somewhere. God
wrote it in the early days of our race that
by the sweat of his brow man shall earn
his bread; but it did seem that there
was coupled with that divine sentiment ;
that perhaps a man should have the chance
to earn bread by the sweat of his brow ;
but it is not so now with all. There are i
some that cannot get employment to cam i
their bread. I have understood that one I
of the establishments in this city that gave
employment not long since to 100 hands is !
now closed down. There is no employ- i
ment there anv more: and so it is with the i
old rolling mill at Indianapolis, that for- j
me'rly employed hundreds of men; it is si- i
lent now as is the graveyard across the !
way. The stimulant of labor, the stimu-
lant of enterprise, the life of activity is j
dead. It is locked up in the Nation's i
Treasury. The Democrats say a change of
policy would reduce taxation, make it ea
sier upon the people, the burden lighter.
There are a few other matters about
which, probably, I ought to speak to you
this afternoon. The Republicans have
pretty much given you and me up, my or
dinary fellow-citizens They do not expect
any more to get the votes of the natives of
this country, those that were born here;
they have pretty much given up our Ger
man citizens; they have pretty much given
up the Swedes aud Danes, and I believe
they have come down hard and heavy on
our Irish fellow -citizens. When they have
come to the conclusion that they can get
Irish voters they are pretty much gone up
themselves. It will be pretty much of a
disappointment when November comes
around. That is my prediction. I think
I know it is so in the neighborhood where
I live. I said the other day at Conncrs
ville that the Irishman was a natural Dem
ocrat, and that is pretty much the truth.
For a hundred years he has been with the
Democrats. He recollects the time when
the alien law was placed on the statute
books during the administration of John
Adams, and when it was taken off by
Thomas Jefferson. He remembers the day
when Know-nothingism was rampant in
this country, and .that it was the Demo
cratic party that championed free religion
aud the foreigner's right to occupy our
country along with the rest of us. I think
it. is a bad day when the Republicans have
to rely upon Irish votes. The Irish know
where their friends have been in the past.
Now, my fellow -citizens, I think I can
say to you this afternoon that our cause
will be successful this year. We have a
candidate for President that has borne
himself with distinguished credit and
honor in the high offices which he has
heretofore filled. Hehas borne himself with
credit in the city which promoted him to the
chief magistracy of that city. He has
borne himself with great credit as chief
magistrate of the greatest State in this
Union. Substantial objection has not been
made to his administration. He is to-day
supported by the ablest men of the Repub
lican party. The independents of New
York, of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
of Indiana say he is worthy of their sup
port. They have many reasons for that
support. There are better assurances of
good government, of economical govern-
ment, of American protection everywhere .
and under all circumstances, if Governor j
Cleveland be made President instead of
James G. Blaine. And with such support.
in audition to the earnest zeal of
Democracy in favor of his election, I
the
can
entertain no doubt of the result.
A paper the other day found fault with
me because, with my hat in my hand, I
stood in the presence of my countrymen,
and asked of them their support. If they
fail to find any other charge against me
than that they may go to Halifax, i LaiiKh-
ter. As I have stated before,
I did not j
President
desire the nomination for Vice
eight years ago; I did not desire it at
Chicago when, with absolute unanimity,
it was conferred upon me. But now that
I have been nominated and have accepted
the nomination, I come before; you, my
fellow-citizens of Indiana, and say to you
that my heart's earnest desire is to receive
your support. I will be very proud
of the support of my Republican
friends, of my Greenback and inde
pendent friends, and, when it is all
counted up, I have a sort of an impression
very strong now that it is going to be
a very decided majority in November. I
don't believe I have any doubt about In
diana; I do not think you have. If success
for my party does not mean better govern
ment, cheaper government, a more eco
nomical administration of public affairs, I
do not want it to succeed. But upon faith
only I have a right to ask you to try once
more this party. When it was in power
before, it was economical in its adminis
tration, it cost only a few millions in the
Administration of Jackson, of Polk, of
Pierce, and we have come to a period
where young men cannot add it up!
DURHAM'S ARCHITECT.
V. T. Black well's Enterprlaes.
Durham Recorder.
Since the retirement of this world
nowned tobacco manufacturer from
re-
the
firm of W. T. Blackwell & C'o.'s smoking
tobacco factory, he has been following the
even tenor of his way, without any public
demonstration as to what he was really do
ing. His first move was to establish a pri
vate bank with P. A. Wiley as cashier.
His ability and standing as a cashier of
many years' experience is favorably known
throughout the banking circles. In this
new venture Col. Blackwell has been won
derfully successful, and many of our leaf
dealers, manufacturers and merchants have
had the best of reason to know what a
beneficent influence he has exerted during
panicky months. He then commenced the
erection of dwelling houses to supply the
rapidly increasing population of Durham.
At house building he has been equally
successful, until he has 100 new dwellings
elegantly finished and provided with every
I convenience. l et he is not satisfied ; he
has just had surveyed and laid off into
lots the Nichols place, at the western edge
of town. Through this he has laid off
three broad streets three quarters of a mile
long; these are crossed at the proper dis
tances. On this piece of land he has laid
off 187 lots each of which he proposes to
adorn with an elegant dwelling house.
These lots arc covered with beautiful shade
trees, which makes this fine of the most
desirable parts of town.
Close to these lots he has o hands at
work laying off a race track and clearing
out a park which is to be known as Black
well's Park.
Besides the dwelling houses he is erect
ing, he has contracted to have erected a 5
story prize warehouse 120x50 feet.
In connection with Mr. .T. S. Carr. he
has spent thousands of dollars in adding
to and improving Hotel Clairborn. We
were shown through it a few days ago and !
were astonished at the costliness in which '
it was furnished. We venture the asser- ;
tion that there is not a hotel in the State i
kept as neatly and furnished as nicely. Be-
sides Col. Blackwell's building enter- I
prises, he keeps on hand from 50 to 100 i
horses, some of which are fine blooded !
stock. He also owns about fifty dogs con
sisting of twelve different breeds.
GlrlH, Beware.
Mobile ReRister.
Brown's brow was clouded.
" Some girl scrape?" queried his friend
Bilkins.
"Well, to tell you the truth," replied
Brown, "there's a girl at the bottom of it.
You see, ever since I made that strike in
Atchison, and thank heaven ! pulled
out of it, I've been kinder keeping my
matrimonial weather eye open, as it were.
I thought I'd found her, but, well "
heaving a deep sigh "it's all over now."
"Tell me about it. old fellow," said
Bilkins, sympathetically.
"Well, you know I've been to Newport
for the last four weeks. I met her there.
She was a bud to look at I tell you,
and I was awfully gone on her. Every
thing went smoothly until I found out how
much she knew."
"Ignorant?" queried Bilkins.
" No ; just the other way. I happened
to hear her talk the other day to Prof.
Buzzer it makes me shudder to think of
it ! It was all about esoteric Buddhism,
planetary changes, and world periods!
Think of it! It let me out, of course. You
could not expect such a woman as that to
take any interest in house-keeping and
and babies; uOw, could you?''
"There is much truth in what you say,"
replied Bilkins, thoughtfully, and Brown
looked relieved and lighted a cigar.
Learning; His Trade.
Philadelphia Call.
City Editor " See here, you told
me
you had had experience as a reporter."
New Man " Yes."
"Then how does it happen that you use
such unjournalistic language as this : ' The
Hon. William Blank next addressed the
meeting?'"
"Isn't that all right?"
"All right! It's all wrong One would
think the meeting was in favor of our own
ticket! Why, sir, it's an opposition meet
ing!" " I can't see what difference that makes.
How should I write it?"
" 'Bill Blank next harangued
crowd '."
the
FIGS FROM THISTLES
Will Next be Gathered Here
fXewbern Journal.
D. W. Wood, Esq., of Moseley Hall
township, Lenoir county, has a grape vine
which bears hickory nuts. The pollen of
a hickory tree which grows above the
arbor feeds the blossoms of the vine and
has produced four perfeet nuts.
FROCKS.
WOUIEN MAT UNDERSTAND
The Fall Fashions.
FNew York Times.
Suits are to be made this fall of striped
goods, with the stripes running crosswise,
During the summer months the fashion of
crosswise trimmings has been rapidly gain
ing ground. First galloons were employed,
with three to seven rows on the skirts, and
later the skirts were covered with this
trimming.. Then skirting was employed
and the goods so arranged that the stripes
formed curves. At present ribbon velvet
is the rage in Paris. It is used in all
widths from the narrowest to goods two
inches wide. A dress arranged in this
manner has a round skirt trimmed with
three rows of ribbon velvet and slightly
draped on the left side-. The tiiniouc is
plaited over the left hip and the lower
part is bias. It is draped on the left side
like the skirt. In the back is a plaited
breadth of goods with the plaits taken in
a bias from the left to the right side.
Three rows of velvet arc on the lower part
of the goods. They are placed bias like the
plaits. Three rows of velvet are also
around the apron. The waist is very odd,
being trimmed on one side only. It closes
straight down the front and has a drapery
which is 'shirred at the neck and on the
waist. The drapery has three rows of
velvet on the right side. The large turned
down collar has thret. rows of velvet on
the left side only. The basque is cut up
over the hips and terminates-in a kind of
rectangular pocket, which has three rows
of ribbon velvet placed on vertically. An
other model in a very different style, but
is also trimmed with velvet, is of putty
colored India cachemire and striped vel
vet, with a putty ground and garnet
stripes, having many colored fine threads
on cither side. The velvet skirt is per
fectly plaiu. The tunique cousists of a
cuirass in "Agnes Sorel " style and round
ed on the basque. The front opens to be
low the breast, ' and -then again near the
left hip, and is trimmed with a piece of
velvet coming from underneath. This
last is at least two inches deep. The
apron of the tunique is plaited and fas
tened to the lower pat of the waist, with
the point inclining toward the left side.
The back of the tunique is plaited double
and bias. It is very short on the right
side, and on the left side it forms a long,
shell-shaped end.
A handsome walkiug and visiting
is of black faille and lace. On the
part of the round skirt is a narrow
dress
lower
faille
fluting. Above this is a lace flounce.
Down the front is a breadth of lace which
forms two full puffings. Narrow flounces
are taken up the back to the
middle of 1
the skirt. On the lower part of the right
siue oi me sKirt is a larsje striped velvet
and satin bow. On the left side is a breadth
of this same velvet and satin goods, which
I
iorms a kind ol quille trimming, consist
ing of double round plaits reaching from
the hip to the lower part of the skirt. The
lace tunique is mounted full around the
.waist, and falls iu a long pointed apron.
It is surrounded by a lace ruffle. The lace
waist is lined with faille. It is pointed
back and front, and has a lace jabot. The
lengthwise plaited sleeve is all of lace and
has no lining. A small lace cape is thrown
over the shoulders. It is taken tightly
over the waist and has a double row of
! shell-shaped lace on the lower border,
j The black straw hat matching this suit
i has a high crown and a brim turning up
i on the left side. In front of the crown is
a very large cockade of black epingle rib
bon and ribbon velvet, either white or
straw color. Around the crown of the hat
are two bands of the same ribbon. The
brim is lined with black velvet,
Another lace toilet is combined with
cardinal ottoman. The false skirt is of
cardinal satin covered with deep lace
plaited flounces. Iu the back are three of
these flounces, and only one is taken
around the skirt. In front is a large dra
pery of ottoman fastened down on cither
side under a large plait which reaches to
the lower part of the dress. The ottoman
waist opens over a tight-fitting vest cov
ered by a lace drapery. This drapery is
taken down to form a small panier on the
left side. The waist is cut out over the
shoulders and filled in with handsome lace
insertion so as to form bretelles. The back
forms ji small postilion with rounded
plaits. - The straight collar is of ottoman,
with a piece of narrow black lace around
the neck. The sleeves terminate at the
elbow. The inside is of ottoman aud the
outside of insertion. They are trimmed
with deep lace ruffles.
Black and white checked suits are still
the style. Many of these arf of taffetas
and surah. They have round skirts
trimmed with three or five flounces. These
flounces are either plaited or gathered and
are always cut straight. The upper part
of the skirt has small scarfs in apron shape
and short ends in the back arranged like a
hare's ears. Jackets of black navy blue
or gray cloth may be worn with these
suits. Jerseys also serve for this purpose.
They are in the same shades as the cloth
jackets. These dresses are suitable for
walking or visiting purposes. .
A rich bridal dress is of white satin
t and very fine lace. Against the false
skirt is a diagonal apron formed of lace
flounces against satin plaitinsrs. This
apron is taken to the train on the left side.
Above is a satin puffing, which is mounted
in large plaits and taken from the right
hip to the lower part of the skirt on
the left side. -This puffing is of double
satin. On the right side is a waved panel
trimming. On the loWcr border of the
skirt is a narrow niched flounce. The
waist opens over a vest of plaited crepe
lisse, with a narrow lace trimming on
cither side. The very short basque is cut
up on the hips and has a narrow puffing
falling from underneath. The tailleur
back forms a small point, and the longsat
in train falls from under it. The lower
part of the train is rounded. Around the
neck is a lace ruching. On the right side
of the waist is a bunch of flowers. The
half-long sleeves -JPC trimmed with a nar
row lace ruffle, surmounted by a cording
of orange blossoms. A bunch of orange
blossoms is against the starting point of
the apron. The tulle veil covers the whole
dress. A bunch of orange blossoms fast
ens it down to the middle of the head in
front.
The "Dauphin" collar has been much
worn in France this summer. It is four
inches deep and opens in front, leaving a
space for a gathered drapery, which is
fastened down on either side iu shawl
shape and taken to the lower part of the
waist, where it is slightly crossed. This
collar makes a very pretty waist I rimming,
particularly for young ladies.. It is made
of the materials used for neck trimmings,
such as blue batiste dotted with red or
white embroidered lawn with white dots, !
or crepe lisse w ith silk embroidered dc-
signs. Surah is not suitable
iMise, as it has been so much
for this pur- :
used of late 1
for neckties and collars as to Ix'comc unite :
common. The " Dauphin " collar may be
of navy blue stamped foulard, which
washes like a handkerchief. For middle
aged ladies who do not favor these light
trimmings the collars are of black lace.
They are lined with black silk and cov
ered with lace, or else the lace forms a
plaited ruffle. This fashion is likely to be
carried into the Autumn months, when it
will be popular for in-door dresses and for
yodng , girls' evening and dinner toilets.
For instance, a dress of veiling or glazed
taffetas may have a collar of white crPpe
lisse or of tulle in the same shade as the
dress. There is no trimming where the
collar opens down the front.
IN THE MIDDLE WEST.
Crops Schools Mineral Spring.
Dr. Pritehard in Biblical Recorder.
I have recently been in several counties,
in what may be called the middle west of
the State, and never saw better crops
grow. From Wilmington to Shelby, and
so far as I can learn, all over the State, the
heavens have rained down fatness upon
the earth. I scarcely remember a year in
which there war. such an abundant yield
of all kinds of agricultural products.
Added to this the fruit crop is also gener
ally good.
THE NO-FENCE LAW.
In quite a number of these upper coun
ties they have adopted the plan of fencing
in their stock rather than farms, and they
are unusually pleased with the change.
In Mecklenburg county the best authori
ties say the farmers save $50,000 a year,
and that the character of the stock is rap
idly improving. Being obliged to keep
up their stock, the farmers will naturally
have them fewer in number and better in
quality. An excellent farmer in this coun
ty (Gaston) told me that while the law
was carried with great difficulty, the ar
rangement was so satisfactory that not one
man in a hundred would now vote to go
back to the old plan.
THE EDUCATION BOOM.
I have never known as much interest
manifested in the cause of education as
now exists in this State. Large and pros
perous schools are in operation in almost
every town and village, excellent graded
schools are the order in all our larger
towns, while academies and high schools
are liberally patronized in many country
neighborhoods, and our free schools "have
generally improved in quality and num
bers within the last few years. Having
traveled extensively in the State, and ad
dressed many audiences on this "subject
only a few years ago, I cannot be mistaken
in my opinion about the matter. I should
judge that Lenoir county is ahead of any
other iu the State in this particular, and
in this part of the State Cleveland seems
to take the lead. Indeed, Iam disposed
to think, from all I can learn, that this
county is improving in many respects more
rapidly than any of its adjoining sisters,
and as this is in an especial sense a Baptist
county, its prosperity should be a source
of gratitude to all our people. And this
brings me to the
SHELBY FEMALE COLLEGE,
which I visited, and of which I wish to
say a word. I was much pleased with the
buildings and all their appointments, but
more so with those who are at the head of
this college. In my humble judgment,
they seem admirably qualified for their re
sponsible positions, and if I could reach
the ear of parents in all this upper section
of the State I would tell them that they
enjoy a rare privilege in having such a
school within easy reach of their homes.
MINERAL 8PRINOS.
I have visited this season Cleveland,
near Shelby, Benton, netr Lincolnton, and
the All-Healing, near Gastonia. At the
first there are four different springs, and
at the last ten, all furnishing water of dif
ferent properties, and it is not difficult to
find almost "any variety of mineral water
almost anywhere in this part of the State,
while further west such medicinal natural
fountains are even more remarkable. I
know nothing so good for rheumatism as
bathing at the Warm Springs in Madison.
Power of the Pre.
Texas Sittings.
"A snow-bank still lingers ou a farm
near Clockville, N. Y.," says a Georgia
exchange. This shows the power of the
press. Some time last spring a weary
paragrapher on a New York daily, puz
zling his brain to "fill his column," dug
the above item from a rural exchange and
started it on its way. And then, other
weary paragraphers, hungering for some
thing to help them out, seized the two
liner and run it in, and thus kept it mov
ing along. Now the ordinary observer
would suppose that any well-behaved and
self-respecting snow-bank would have re
tired from public view in balmy June, or
at least sunk out of sight in July, but this
one, contrary to all precedent and good
manners, continued to "still linger" in
our Georgia exchanges in the latter part of
August. No snow-bank in the United
States could do this of itself, but when
the great palladium of our liberties gets
hold of a thing, wonders can be accom
plished. The power of the press is a great
thing.
Revival Methods In Texas.
Brcnbam Banner, j
A protracted meeting was being held on
Kuykendall Creek, at a colored church in
the Mackey settlement, last week. A wild
Irishman, who owned a trained white
pigeon, was in the settlement, and was
helping the colored preacher to convert
sinners and save souls, without the knowl
edge of the congregation. The manner of
procedure was thus : There was a flue hole
in the roof. When the preacher would
come to the right point in his sermon he
would say: "Come forth, Holy Ghost!"
Mr. Wild Irishman was on the roof,.nd,
putting his hand down the hole, he would
turn the white pigeon loose. It would fly
about the room and return to its owner.
On the third night, when the Holy Ghost
was called for. the Irishman said, in a
sepulchral tone and with the rich brogue'
of his country: " Upon my sowl, the cats
have caught the Howly Ghost, and it can't
appear." This gave the whole thing away,
and so incensed the -colored ekers after
religion that they tried to mob the Irish
gentleman.
Changing onr Farming Ways.
Newbern Journal.
We, in this immediate section,
are rapidly getting out of thfe cotton
groove. Rice, oats and corn are becom
ing a factor in our agricultural prosperity
much greater than is by many supposed.
Above here the tobacco crop is taking tbe
lead of all other crops, and in some sec
tions of the State wheat-growing is attain
ing a decided foothold, and the making
of hay is beginning to dawn upou us and
will in no distant day take rank with any
of the productions of the State.