Newspapers / The Raleigh Register (Raleigh, … / June 8, 1853, edition 1 / Page 2
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EXTENSION OF THE NORTH PAROLINA Ma. Gales: Tb extW" of U Cntfl Railroad. East and WesV u an-enterprise of vast magnitude to the peopleof North Carolina. With it. destined to become an active -ericttltaral, mining, manufacturing and com mercial commonwealth ; without it. wo will lag along in the highway of progress and unprove ment in the rear of all our sisters. As here tofore, oar products will find markets through the porta of Virginia and South Carolina, and our import bo returned through the aame channehvilheFeby. esmpletely excluding- w from the eommercial statistics of the,-world. 4b this xespecV now hare no existence. tv AAhacfluenee is, exchanges are against ns .t mrr Doint of the. com pass. The notes of -ear Banks, which are founded on the most ap proved basis, prudently and skilfully managed, and aa solvtnUui any institutions of the kind in existence, are everywhere at a discount.' Even ben the nejrintotee of other States circulate in mfdrraec to oar own. esoeciallv with the mer chants, who sedulously exchange our own for these foreign Dills. Thus we are made to oc ranv the unenviable position of mere customers . ., 1 -f V of other otates; r irom uwswea j our unw, under many andJtreat disadvantage, contribo .ting to their wealth, influence and even arro rance -subjecting ourselves to their taunts and , derision ; and, I fear, too justly, fixing upon our hAlnred State the soubriquet of "ike Hip Van Winkle of the Dniotf." As citizens of a sove reign State, sharing in the intelligence and pro- . greasire spirit of the age; endowed with all the qualities! which constitute MEN, will you con- ' ant to continue this state of vassalage longer T Or will you "arouse, shake off the dew drops that gutter on your garments, aau iwi mvuhu with statesmanlike sagacity, divested of aelfish ness, party predilections, and sectional parti nd act with nromDtness and vigor f Tin tKU nd -rani ebiect ia accomplished. Will if stxi it i done.-. -i - - . The foreeeinr Is not a fancy sketch. It is founded oaaearefol investigation of the question, and supported by the experience of all comma nitie that, have been' sagacious enough to force into their ervice, an"agent, which the genius of ' Fulton gave .to , his fellows ; and this, 4 think, can be established beyond any reasonable doubt. . That the. resources ot-ue Dtate, cemuinea 'with that of individuals immediately concerned in the extension of this v road, are equal, to the undertaking, would - seem to be a self-evident proposition, requiring no argument to support ororoveit. A 'State, with an indebtedness, after her stock to 'the -Central Railroad shall 2ave beenpaid,of only $200,000, with $3,200, 000 of good - six per cent, stock, , an aggregate wealth of $375,O00,000,with an immense annual production, a spotless escutcheon, and credit 4 per cent, above pur,.backed and sustained by the industry, intelligence, seal and patriotism of ,900,()00-populationi is.'surely equal to an im provement which will cost less than $4,000,000. To doubt it, is to impute to North Carolinians -an inferiority, in comparison with the people of other.Statea, in all the essentials of statesmanship- charge, which, if made in direct and positive terms, would chafe our State pride, and excite our indignation. . Let us be careful, therefore; and avoid giving color and plausi bility to such an imputation, by supineuess and indifference to the great enterprise now inviting us to action. It was publicly stated, in a speech delivered in Raleigh last winter, by Gov. Morebead a gentleman who is well known to your readers to be distinguished for his close practical observa tion, sound judgment, and unfaltering devotion to the State : none have contributed more to the permanent ad Tan cent of her interest that $500,000 of stock in the company, over which he presides, bad been paid during the nrevious I ear, Dy ine inaiviauai stocanoiuers,. in uoor one opon'the road by North Carolinians resid ing along on the line, without diminishing the ordinary productiveness of that part of the coun try. This fact, established by experience, is one whi;h might have been predicted from rea eoni For the want of facilities for the cheap and speedy transportation and interchange of commodities, we hare along the line of this road very little diversity of labor, the mainspring of general prosperity ; consequently, most of the labor of tbe country is engaged in a single pur suit ; and there being no means of getting their surplus productions to market, no inducement is offerea to grow beyond the wants of their re spective neighborhoods. " Supply and demand regulate the price," is said to be an axiom with commercial men. This is not more true than that the demand for an article of merchandise regulates the quan tity produced. Increase the demand, and you enhance the price; thereby exciting the .cupidity of the producer, and quickening his exertions, and, aa a necessary corollary, The quantity in market. But, without this incentive, valuable time is wasted in indolence, and perhaps in dissipation and crime. Such was the condition of things, when the bold, liberal and determined spirits whc origi nated and gave existence to the Central road, began thejr operations. To tbe quiet agricul tural community along the line, an opportunity was offered of adding $1,000,000 to their capi tal! in at least 6 per cent, stock, from which they will realize an annual income of $60,000. enhance the value of their land in 10 years from $5,000,000 to $10,000,000, save in the transpor tation of their productions to market, tbe en hanced price obtained therefor, and in the dimi nution "" expense in the freight upon the luxu ries and necessaries returned, $500,000 per an num, by giving employment to the surplus labor of the country. The result was, one far mer turned out one hand, another two. while others sent five, ten or twenty, according to their circumstances, to work on the Railroad, without injury to their planting interests, or di minution of their crops. In this way the grad ing of the road and the timbers are furnished in two yearr, leaving the State to supply the iron. ana equip uie ruuu. um tuis enumeration is onlv a oart of the DeCuniarv advantaima - th social an moral influences will be deferred for subsequent examination. , What has been done between Goldsboro' and Charlotte ran likewise be done East and West of these points, with the same aid from the State :. and this I hold she is bound to give both from considerations of policy and justice. She can command the means necessary, and with out her aid the work cannot be done. Apart from higher considerations, it would be, as a pecuniary investment, profitable. In less than 20 years, it would appreciate the lands of the State for ordinary' purposes $30,000,000 ; it would cause profitable operations in coal and iron mines, situated in the centre and moun tains of North Carolina, which are o lying idle, and without a railroad, forever locked up and shut crt from the commerce of the world, of $20,000,u00 in value,;. it woul,d increase the dividends of the. State from her stock in the Central, Raleigh and-Gaston, and Wilmington and Raleigh Railroads, at least 3 per cent, per annum, and build up in the east a commercial city, which, in 30 years, will contain a popula tion of 100.000 persons, and possess $100,000, 000 worth of property. This Increased amount of property, taxed as at present, would yield an, annual revenue Of 4 - ; $170,000 Add to this the increased dividend-on $2,800,000 of Railroad stock, 84000 And yon have an annual , increase of taxes of .&&$?:ti' $254,000 And this result can be accomplished bvan - expenditure of $2,500,000 on the part of the State, which, be it remembered, is not rendered " unproductive Ty being thus invested, but will itself yield a handsome dividend, equal ' to six per cent on that sum. 4 . The foregoing are tbe collateral or incidental bencitegT .Tnnjpoiit ef or following from' an investment, which, considered by itself, and 'as a. 'basine: transaction, is free from . loss or f h Vinflt. therefore! be a sinzle individ ual in the State, who is animated by fiUat devo tion to 'Our common mother,' wita tneee nets standing prominently ia view.'wnlling to lei tae present prooiuoua xuvimoti pa j -- -1 But , I mar.- nerhanaV be met bv inquiring minds with the interrogatory; - hove or by w reasoning are toese conclusion -arriTvu v supported! This inquiry is both natural and proper. It manifests a proper spirit and de serves a respectful answer ; for a thorough in vesugaiion Oi au puoiio questiuu. wbibu,uw" their prepective utility, possess strength, will lose nothing by discussion i and if the one un der consideration will not bear such scrutiny. tbe sooner it is shown to be fallacious the better. Wa Hirt- miner than seek to avoid, discussion ; let its merits and demerits be fully canvassed ; and if tbe weight of argument is against if, i here pledge mvself to surrender ait preeonwiT ed notions and oppose its consummation. We now propose entering upon the argument to prove all we have said. With all the States South and West of us on the American continent, the commerce of the U. S. has been gradually increasing, and pro mises, under a wise and prudent administration of the federal government, to continue. The States embrace a great variety of soil, climate, and productions.. The valley of the Amazon is the largest and most fertile valley in the world, and affords a littoral navigation of 75,000 miles. Nineteen twentieths of its vast and boundless resources remain unappropriated. The induce ments held out here will soon attract from the crowded and oppressed millions of Europe both persons and capital. When there, they will be kn fto-rinultiiril community, dependent on some other part of the world for all manufac tured articles used or consumed by tbem, which, with their increase of numbers. wealth, and refinement, will render them valua ble customers. Then, let me asx, wno are more favorably situated to supply their wants in this respect than the people of the TJ. S. f and among them none have more aavanwgei wiau Lt. Maury, in a memorial submitted by him ta nonirreas. in June. 1852. has with great fore sight and force of reasoning pointed out the be ginning of a, policy, wnien, u put in uperauvu bv Congress. Vill hasten the settlement of this vast country and secure to us its valuable com merce. His suggestions are worthy of serious consideration, and present a field for the most Arrlnrmd and o.riinnrehensive statesmanship. May we expect it to engage the attention of the next Congress ; that the members will, for a while, bury sectional and party animosities ; withdraw .their thoughts from every measure lookine- to the unlawful acquisition of foreign territory ; throw off the psychological spell that concentrates all their efforts for the liberation of Cuba; suspend, for a time, their advice to the people as to their duty in the election of Presidents, and defer their counsel, now so free ly offered to the dispensing power, in regard to the division of tbe spoils, until the proper mea sures are matured and adopted to make availa ble to us the sage and timely suggestions? Such measures would guarantee to the Union generally,. millions of new and valuable custo mers, and to the South in particular, a great Southern Atlantic commercial emporium. Up on this important question, perhaps it is better to quote from the memorial itself. Some may yield to the authority of his great name what they withhold from reason. lie says : "On account of the currents which flow through, and the winds which blow over, the Gulf of Mex ico, the Gulf of Mexico is, for many t f the prac tical purposes of commerce and navigation, a closea sea. Hence commercial men and navi gators have maintained that the real outlet of the Mississippi river to the ocean is not at the Belize but in the Straits of Florida. Similar agents have placed tbe commercial mouth of the AmiMi, not where that river emp ties into the oceanHthich is under the Equator, but they have removed it far up into the North ern hemisphere, and placed it near the commer cial gateway of our own Mississippi. If drift wood from the Andes, in the interior of South America, be set afloat upon the head waters of the, Amazon, and if another log be felled from the Rocky Mountains, in the inte rior of North America, and cast upon the head waters of the Missouri, these two pieces of drift, taken to represent the currents of their rivers and of the seas into which they empty, will each, obeying the force of the winds and set of the currents, be drifted out upon the broad ocean though the Florida pass. The prevailing winds at the mouth of the A roaxon are the southeast trade winds, and no vessel coming out of the mtAith of that river .can stand to the southward cn account of the land, nor to the eastward on account of the winds and currents, both of which are directly in the teeth of all sailing vessels that attempt to steer such courses. Passing a few leagues to the North, the out ward-bound Amazonian then enters the region of the northeast trade-winds, which compel her, unless she be bound into the Carribbean Sea, to stretch off to the northward and .westward until she has passed through the region of the northeast trades, and gained the paralled of 25 or 30 north, by which time she finds herself off our own coast. Now, this is the course of all vessels under canvass from the Amazon, whether they be bound to Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, to India or to Africa, or any of the markets of the Pacific around Cape Horn, or the commercial marts of Europe. Be their destination what it may, un less it be along the Spanish Main or through the Carribbeau Sea, they must first steer north to cross the belt of northeast trades, and in do ing so they must pass by our doors. Therefore, for the peaceful and practical pur poses of commerce and navigation, there is but one highwav from the mouth of the Amazon. On that highway the Southern Atlantic ports of the United states occupy the position of half way houses on the great market way that is some day to lead from tbe valley of the Amazon mi me rest oi me wonu. j.nai maraeb-way we overlook. The winds and the waves have plac ed the keys of it in our hands. Let us not by non-use suffer it to fall into the hands of others. If we regard the whole continent of America at one view, we observe that in the Aquatonui regions it is nearly cut in twain to receive an arm of the sea, skirted on tbe east by the chain of islands, tbe Great and Little Antilles, which extend from the Peninsula of Florida on the north to the mouth of the Orinoco on Xhe south ; that- this land-locked arm of the sea is separated from the Pacific on the west by a narrow neck of continent called "the Isthmus." On the north, this same arm of the sea receives the drainage from the valley of the Rio Grande, the Mississippi, and the Alabama rivers ; on the s'wth, the surplus waters of the Amazon, tbe Orinoco, the Magdalena, and Atrato are emptied fnto it also. This sheet of salt water mav there fore be treated of as an ex pension of the Mississip pi on ine nertn ana oi toe Amazon on tbe south Regarding this magnificent marine basin as a commercial receptacle, we may search the world, in vain for another such feature in phy sicai geograpuy wnerewiin to compare it. it is unique ; and for its commercial capabilities it must forever remain unsurpassed and unequal led. . It has a semi-continent on the north, and another on the south, vv hen it is seed time on one side of this continental receptacle of agricul- . i a : i i.i . - , . . turu miu cvuiiuereiti weaiin, it is narvest ume on the other. Being between the two hemis pberesr with their opposite seasons, it will have J a round "of crops always in market. Six months atter we nrsiaeii very oi tne new crop takes place from the north, afresh crop from the south will be in the act of coming forward. The Mississippi river gives drainage and a eommercial outlet to the largest and .the most fertile valley in the northern hemisphere. The river basin of the Amazon (for the Orinoco is connected with it by a natural canaL and there fore belongs to the system) is tbe largest and most fertile in the world. .The Mississippi, taxing its rise near the par allel of 50 of north latitude, runs south. .At every step it changes its latitude ; with it lati tude its climates are changed ; with its climates thf productions on its banks are also changed. Consequently, the trader, as he descends tbe Mis sissippi, beholds at every torn some new article o produce soma fresh variety of merchandise offeringfor commerce, and by the time he cros ses the Trpie of Canoer and bounds but through the commercial month of this river upon the bine waters of the Atlantic ocean, he will have crossed the climate ,and the region for every agricultural staple, and ranged through all the capacities of field and forest in the northern hemisphercfrom barley, furs, and peltries,down to the list of tropical productions. -" The Amazon, on the other hand, runs east, audits navigable tributaries, flowing both from the north and the south, push the intertropical varieties from field and forest far down towards the Circle of Capricorn in the other hemisphere. Tbe Mississippi has but reaohed the sugar producing latitudes, where it expands out upon the Gulf of Mexico. The Amazon takes up the list where the Mississippi leaves it, and com mencing with sugar, it yields in great profusion and of fine quality coffee, cochineal, cocoa, and cotton, tobacco, hemp, and indigo, india-rubber, wax, gums, drugs, and rasins, with cabinet woods and dye-stuffs of great beauty and of in finite variety. This spendid river basin com pletes the commercial round by the addition to the above list of many other articles from the field, the forest and the mine, of rare value or great worth. In tbe commercial circle these two river ba sins are tbe supplements of each other ; what one lacks that the other has to spare. The foundations of commerce rest upon diver sity of climate ; for without diversity of climate there can be no diversity of productions, and conseouentlv no variety of produce, which be sets barter and thus eivesTise to commerce. The continent of Europe, extending from the polar basin, reaches no further to the south than the parallel of 36 north. Consequently, none of the climates due any of the parallels between 36 north and the equator are to be found in Europe, and if not the climates, certainly not the productions. Now, it is a fact in physical geography that is worthy of remark in this connexion : Where the continent of Europe ends, at that degree of latitude begin the river basins of India, which, extending from the parallel 36 N., far down into the'intertropical regions of this hemisphere. have enriched with their produce and their com merce every nation of Europe that has ever ven tured abroad with her merchantmen in search of it. And why ? Simply because the latitudes and the climates and consequently the produc tions of India were not to be found in Lurope ; and the Europeans, wanting them, sent to India for them. In like manner, the people of India wanted the productions of burope. ilance bar ter and the foundation of all commerce may be referred to difference of latitude and climate. But to exchange the produce and the merch andise of tbe North Frigid and the North Tem perate for the iMorth lorrid one, the Luropoan had to encounter a tedious and dangerous navi gation, and he had withal to compass such a distance that tbe time taken for his vessel to go and to come once occupied the full year. On the other hand, we have at our very doors this great valley of the Amazon, with all, and more than all, the climates, and soils, and agri cultural capabilities of India twice told. The distance, under modern improvements of navigation, trom our southern ports to the mouth of the Amazon is not as many days as India used to be in months from Europe. Were this vails y settled up and subdued to cultivation, "the Indies," in a commercial sense, would thereby be lifted up and r laced at our doors for all tbe productions of the hast flourish there. Ana so jeaious ana atraia ol sucb result was Portugal, in her day of East India possessions and commerce, that by a royal ordinance it be came unlawful to cultivate in the great Amazon basin a single drug, spice, or plant of hast In dia growth or production. as yet tne neart ot mat country has never been touched ; and unless its magnificent rivers and majestic sheets of fresh water be opened to navigation, the commercial enterprise of the world never can reach the great interior of South America. Naturally the whole of that continent, except tbe narrow strip between the summit of the Andes and the Pacific ocean, slooes down to the Atlantic. It is tributary to the Atlantic, and into the Atlantic it is destin ed to pour its commerce. The'country drained by the Amazon and tbe La Plata embraces an area larger than the continent of Europe. The navigation of those streams would divert a large portion of the Cape Horn trade and throw it at our feet ; for we perceive from the statements already made that, on account of tbe winds and current of the sea, the mouth of the Amazon is in close physical connexion with our South ern ports; and to make that connexion one of business, profit, and friendship, we have but to devise a plan which, by encouraging commerce and navigation there, shall, with the concur rence of the Powers concerned, give an impulse also to the settlement of that valley, and secure to our merchants the right of trade up and down that river on fair and liberal terms. Bearing in mind, therefore, all these things, and taking into consideration the geographical position of that river basin, and 'our situation with regard to its outlet; considering its cli mates, its soils, its resources,- and its capabili ties ; that the foundations of its prosperity are to rest on a liberal commercial policy, and that its industrial pursuits must receive a tone, char acter, and direction from those who conduct that commerce ; considering that it is the pol icy of the United States to cultivate the rela tions of peace with all nations, through the bonds of mutual interests and good will ; con sidering, also, that this river basin is for the most part a wilderness, and that it is therefore like wax to receive impressions from commerce ; considering, too, that the laws of Brazil touch ing immigration into that valley are said to be of the most liberal character ; considering, more over, the toleration of those Iaw3, and the class es of people who are already there : consider ing all those things, let it be represented, your memorialist is deeply impressed with tbe im portance of the subject, lie beholds in it a question of immense magnitude. The question of navigation and commerce with the Amazon and up the Amazon the greatest river and the most fertile river-basin in the world is the greatest commercial question of the world. The bearing and the influences of such a ques tion upon the future well-being and prosperity of this country cannot, for their scope and ex tent, be taken in, unless by the. most expanded ticw vi uie must larsigntea statssmrnsbip. Your memorialist, therefor, prajs for such constitutional and rightful legislation on the part of your honorable bodies as shall tend to encourage commerce and navigation with that magnificent water-shed among the collateral results incident to a judicious course of legisla tion. Now, upon such a subject may be coun ted, sooner or later, a tide of immigration there followed by settlement, tillage, which in turn will lead to the development of the boundless commercial resources of that unparalleled re gion, and to the establishment of those business ties, social relations, and happy connexions which active commerce aud frequent intercourse never fail to begjet between nations. Imagine an immigrant, a poor laboring man he may be, to arrive from the interior of Europe as a settler in the valley of the Amazon. Where he was his labor could but support himself in the most frugal manner, and he was then no customer of ours. But in his new home, where, with a teeming soil and fine climate respond ing to his husbandry, and where the labor of one day in seven is said to be enough to crown his board with plenty, he works with his won ted diligence, and out of his abundance he has wherewithal of his own produce coffee it may be. or drugs, or spices, or gums, or co coa, or rice, or tobacco, or some other of the great staples of that valley; but, be it what it may,' he has enough to give largely in exchange with Os for all the manufactured articles, wheth er of fancy, necessity, or luxury that he craves the most. In the long list of what tbe immi grant there will require of us may be included that great assortment of goods known as "Yan kee notions4 also, pickled beef and pork, hams and flour, butter, lard, and the like: for the climate of the Amazon is not favorable tax.t&e F reduction and stowage of any or those things, t is particularly unfavorable to' the curing of meats and the grinding of flea ; it is also un favorable for all in-door. occupations; and in the" settling up of the valley of the Amazon, con sidering that New York ana .Boston arouu eighteen or twenty days under canvass from the mouth of that river cousiaenng wi y winds are fair for going and free for coming and that the Atlantio ports of the United States are the only market-places for which the winds are thus propitious ; considering all the physi cal advantages which we thus enjoy, and re garding this immigrant as the type of a class, it may oe expected, whenever the tide of immi gration, guided and sustained by American en terprise and energy, shall oegin to set iaw that valley, that New York aud Boston, with the manufacturing States, will have to supply those people with every article of the loom or the shop, from the axe and the hoe up to gala dresses and river streamers. The man. therefore, who in his native Europe could not buy a cent's worth of American pro duce, simply by being transferred as a settler in the valley of the Amazon, becomes at once a producer, and one of the best customers to A merican merchants that it is possible for a com mercial people to have.' And Europe is ready, aa soon as American commerce, backed by A merican energy, shall eive tbe world tangible evidence of the riches and resources of that country, to pour forth its hordes into it." If I have succeeded, by the aid of Lt. Maury, in showing that the U. S. will at some future period, not very remote.enjoy an extensive and profitable trade with South America, sufficient, if properly directed, to build up a Southern At lantic City of the first importance, let us next inauire into the assumption that Beaufort will be the point. Out of several hundred miles of coast, along which cities are now to be found of very considerable trade, sufficient at least tor the beginning of this promised southern empo rium, why is it predicted with so much confi dence that this point will be selected? The answer is both easy and satisfactory. As a mere location for trade it combines as many advantages as any other place ; aud as a harbor, many moro. The larger class of ves sels, each as are usually engaged in foreign trade, can neither enter the ports of Charleston or Savannah the water on their bars not be ing sufficient ; and such as are engaged in the trade of these cities are often delayed a week or 'more in entering and departing, by adverse winds and tides. Ihese obstacles, with the heavy charge for pilotage, are serious draw backs upon their business and prosperity. For instance, the larger steam Packets, plying week ly or oftener, between JNew York an J xaverpoul. not being able to enter uie so pjrts, are never found running in that direction. They control the travel over the Atlantic, and consequently give to New York, the western terminus of their line, all the advantages flowing from such a policy. If a gentl.man residing in any part of the Union south and west of New York has business in Europe, he repairs tJ and departs from that city. Ihe monopoly which sheen joys in this particular is seen and felt by us in everything else. In the exportation of the pro ducts of tiio southern and western States, it is first thrown to this favored city ia such vessels as enter our poits, and thence re-shipped in larger vessels to Europe ; and in like manner is all foreign merchandize deposited there and parcelled out to the several States, until she has grown rich and powerful upon our labors, which enables her, by a well devised system of improvements, all pointing to their own doors, to smother competition and perpetuate their power ; and such must continue to be the cose as long as the present state of things is per mitted to exist. Norfolk will admit larger vessels, but it is 30 miles inland, and often presents difficulties in entering and leaving. Nut so with Beaufort. In point of accessibility and security, this har bor stands unrivalled. Within 30 minutes of the ocean, with capacity to receive and safely shelter tho commercial navy of the world, it can be entered without tbe aid of Pilots, bv sail vessels, under all circumstances and at all times, except when the wind is blowing in one single direction, and the tide also against them. On shore, an elevated plain of 3UU or 400 square miles is to be found, free from the extremes of heat and cold as is experienced iu New Orle ans aud New York. These advantages were not made by accident and for no purpose. The Creator of all things designed them for man's convenience. But it may be asked, with all these advantages, why is the harbor not already appropriated ? Simply becanse without the adoption of the policy here indicated they do not exist in a shape to be made available. Owing to the want of an immediate backcoun tfy and navigable rivers communicating with the interior, tj supply its wants and carry off 'ts mer chandise, a city a: this point would not possess the elements of life and vigor. But thanks to a kind and beneficent Providence, the inventive genius of the age has supplied this desideratum. Throw your eye on the map and see the extent of country that is brought within its influence by the extension of the ential Rood a con tinuous, unbrokeu Kail Road from Beaufort to Memphis and Nashville, Tenn., and at no dis tant day reaching through to San Francisco. When you have done this, reflect upon the pres ent course of trade, aud permit your reasoning powers to point out and comprehend the inevi table commercial revolution that awaits the construction of this road. All the cotton with in the reach of and east of Memphis will be thrown across to the Atlantic Ports, because it will save both time and expense ; and coming Eostt must go to Beaufort, because, nlthough 100 iniles farther by an air line thau Savannah or Charleston, it will be as near as these last named cities are by Kail road ; and from Beau fort it can be shipped directly t Europe in the larger class of vessels ; whereas, from these other part, '.tinust go in smaller crafts, or from thence sent round to Beaufort or New York for re-shipment. Suoh advantages will not be overlooked by auculighted commercial commu nity. But it is as a provision depot that it is enti tled to peculiar consideration. The valley of the Mississippi is tho greatest provision produ cing part of the world, and its resources not yet half developed ; and her customers are found in the Atlantic States of the Union, in Europe, and prospectively in South America, who are now reached by a long and dangerous naviga tion, either down the Missis.ipppi, through the Gultof Mexico aud aroundjhu reefs, of Fuirida, or by way of'ttoe lakes and roads connecting with them. On these routes delay and expense are encountered by the product-r, in the way of insurance, drayage, storage, fcc., diminishing his profits, and in addition thereto, his grain, flour, bacon and pickled beef, deteriorate from a long and continuous water voyage; nevertheless from necessity they hunt out markets by these ways. But offer them a more direct, speedy, cheap and safe highway of trade, and interest, which controls in all such things, will imme- diately appropriate it to this purpose. A pro ject now attracting public attention of a road from some point at or near Jonesboro', in East Tennessee, across the south-western corner of Virginia and eastern Kentucky, so as to con nect the Ohio River with the East Tennessee and Virginia Rail Road, will open to us, in ad dition to that secured by the construction of our own road, the resources of Kentucky, Ohio, In diana, and Illinois. From these States and along these roads will flow annually the sur plus productions of this vast country, to find a market through our magnmcent, and at pres; ent, unappropriated harbor. Are these not re suits "devoutly to be hoped for ?" and is there a North Carolinian so wanting in patriotism and State pride, as to throw obstacles in the way, or even stand idly by and fail to partici pate in tbe glory, of such a work. I think there are none such ; but on the contrary, when the question is fully and rightly understood, there will be one determined, persevering, united ef fort to force immediately this great work into existence. But not one tenth of the benefits of this improvement have been enumerated The highway that carries off the surplus productions of any country will bring back the jcommodi- ties for which they . are : exchanged. v The city that exports ror a community wut buij with return cargoes. Hence, if Beaufort can be made the exporter of a part of our cotton, corn, oats, rye, potatoes, fruit, flour, bacon, and beer, she necessarily becomes an agent to supply our wants with all the articles for wnion tuey wv exohanged; and thus we will create a stream of the most valuable. and useful commodities flowing through the entire length of our State, from East to West, and from west to Xiast as a river, by its mist and evaporation, fertilizes the adjacent lands, so will this commercial thoroughfare diffuse wealth and comfort to our citizens from one extreme of the State to the other. Besides, being on the great highway of the Atlantic, so easy of access to vessels oi an sizes, whether propelled by steam or canvass, a half-way house between several lmpormu. points, in close proximity with the immense coal-fields of the central part of the State, it is bound to become a great reservoir of this indis pensable element of commerce; not only to C i i . . . lrt feed the steamers passing oy, dui as u to the numerous markets that will be supplied from this source. This interest alone is capa ble of building up and supporting a city of 50, 000 persons. Let us now survey another field not to be overlooked in the consideration of this question. North Carolina, from Raleigh, West, abounds in minerals and water power. The one has re mained shut ud in the bowels of the earth, and th rkhr unemnloved. because of our isolated interior condition. Remove this, and you de- vAlonn tho inexhaustible riches of the one, and mnsfor th other into the service of man. This country, hedged in by the cotton-producing in terest on the South and the provision growing country on the North and West, with ready and cheap communication both ways, is des tined to become an extensive manufacturing one. The profits paid to merchants, insurance and freight, upon our cotton, n its transit to fa.t!u;hu8etts or Europe, and back again, will be principally saved by the building upof manu factures in Western North Carolina ; and the water purchased elsewhere, at high prices, is to be had here for nothing, and flows treely and uninterruptedly all the year. Nature has there fore irrevocably enacted a tariff for our protec tion, and as certainly as water see its its level, will capital and enterprise be attracted from abroad by these advantages, and made to sub serve our wants, and further our interests. The cloths, cassimeres, tweeds, jeans, calicoes, shirtings muslins, hats, saddles, bridles, shoes, boots, leather, axes, tools of all kinds, chairs, harness, glass, furniture, nails, buckets, pails. brooms, axe hnulles and lwc tacks, now supplied from abroad, will be made among us, thrown out through Beaufort, and enter largely into the supply that must and will find its way to the great Amazon valley. Our provision grow ers on the north and west, and cotton plan ters on the south of us, will also patronise our establishments, and share in our prosperity; the inventive genius of the people now absorb ed by one single pursuit will awake to action; improved implements of husbandry find their way amonjrst us, and the arts aud sciences re ceive encouragement. An agreeable social in tercourse between the east, west and centre, will commence the interchange of the peculiar products of the east for those ot tbe west tbe intermarriage of our sons and daughters a more equal distribution ot wealth, occasioned not by any loss to the east, but by developing the mineral resources and putting in action the manufacturing power of the west; all of which will tend to retnovo the causes that engender sectional strife, keep up conflicting interests and paralyze every effort made for the general good of the state. Do this, and the white basis, the distiibution of the school fund, with al kindred questions, will cease to disturb the harmony of our legislative assemblies; for the inequality now complained of will no longer exist! But as one people, we can assemble to legislate for the State ; meet together in con ventions for scientific, religious, agricultural or political purposes giving a healthy and on ward movement in all the departments and re lations of society. While oeautort springs up in the east, and the mountains yield their rich treasures to the skill aa industry of the west the intermediate points "will participate in the general prosperity. Your own beautiful "City of Oaks, the metropolis ot the estate, instead of exciting the envy and affording a theme for unprincipled demagogues, will become, w she dtierces to be, the pride ot every part of the State. A free intercourse with her hospitable and rehned inhabitants would engender feel ings of friendship on the part of those, who, from the want of better information, entertain hostility now, while it would increase your re spect for the liberality and intelligence of all parts of the State ! As we promote general prosperity we shall add to our population and enlarge their ability to buy Newspapers and Books ; encourage a taste for reading and travel ; awaken higher thoughts and furnish material for them to feed upon ; expand the powers of reflection and ele vate the aspirations ; and in proportion as this is done, the moral tone of the community is im proved, and additional strength and perma nency is given to our glorious republican in stitutions. If there are any doubters, let them look around and inquire what the United States were 25 years ago, and what they would be' now without Kail Roads. Points that were then seperated by weeks of travel are now brought in daily communication. Places that were then marked by a backwoods cabin only, are now distinguished by cities of many thousands of inhabitants with their full share of refine ment, wealth and learning. The little State of Massachusetts, by nature sterile and unproduc tive, now supports 126 persons to the square mile, with churches, schools, and all the conve niences and comforts thut mark and distinguish the age in which we live. A school at the public expense is provided for every child with in her limits, kept open through the entire year, and supplied with competent, educated teachers. Turn your eye south and witness the impulse given to every thing in the State of Georgia. Fler prosperity is placed on a sure basis, and she bids fair soon to become, as pre dicted by Gov. Cobb in his inaugural address, not only the empire State of the South but of the Union. Without further iustances the whole may be summed up thus: Wherever Rail Roads exist, you fiud industry, enterprise, active trade, intelligence, moral aud social advantages, with all the improvements and comforts of civilized society. If these things are desirable to us, they aro wttKin our reaoh 4 I now submit, Mr. Editor, to the judgment of your readers, whether or not I have made good my conclusions. If I have, the short sighted policy and demagogical cry, "don't run the State in debt or increase the taxes," ought to be silenced ''forever and a day." Why, sir, suppose we do raise the taxes, yea, even double them, what of it? if at the same time we provide the citizen with the means of paying them easier than be can pay those already exacted. Upon this prin ciple proceeds individual investment ; and the people who do this in their individual characters will not withhold their assent from a similar policy on the part of the State. Sir, if I have not mistaken the intelligence of our people and the signs of the times, politicians may as well wake up to this subject at once. The public pulse is touched its judgment convinced of the importance of this enterprise,' and their expec tations must be met and satisfied ; and if bobbies are to continue the prevailing order of the day, here is one worthy the high position of a Gu bernatorial candidate. A statesman can ride l this without a loss of self respect, and its giant proportions will bear him along with an ease and velocity that will both astonish and be wilder those whose capacities and inclinations keep them astride the meager, exhausted, and thread-bare hubbies rode by some. I have already lived half the time allotted for man's existence on earth, and what I am now about to say may be prompted by too sanguine a temperament ; but I hope and expect to see tbe day when regular lines of Steamers will connect Beaufort harbor with Europe, South America, and other parts of the world, pouring through North Carolina, Tennessee an dv across the Rocky mountains to San. Trancisoo, ana rice versa, a current of travel as constant and as j everlasting as the great . unit stream, inese ; Pprediotions will of course .be thought extrava gant by the illiberal, narrow, - eontractea wmus who look no further for c? ise and- effect than the narrow limits of their immediate neighbor- hoods those who expect the future to continue as the past; but those wholookabrood,andstudy the condition of their country,t'it8;preMnt ni prospective resources, and toe. superior auvau tages of Beaufort harbor, will receive them .with more kindness and respect. It is with this lat ter class that all great improvements originate and receive support. This communication, I am aware, falls very far short of presenting all the arguments that might be brought into the service of this pro- posea improvement, iiut from tbe skeleton here given, tbe intelligent reader can supply tne balance. If it accomplishes nothing more, it may perhaps excite inquiry and provoke discus sion ; and this will lead to good results. In this hope these views are submitted to the pub lic, and, if favorably received, will ere long be fol lowed by another article upon a different subject 1 1 l . , . . 1 f tL! -1 - cioseiy laeutinea witn tae success oi iuisbvucuio, and such as oueht to be considered in con nection with it. Thetwooughttogohandinhand in North Carolina, and when, by the united efforts of our people, they shall be triumphantly car ried and permanently established by law, win entirely relieve them of taxes and largely in crease the annual income from our Luerary tuna, HENDERSON. May 30th, 1853. Raleigh, June 3, 1853. To the Editor of the Baleigh Register : Sis : I am not displeased nor offended to see your excellent columns given to agricultural communications, when they come from the pen of a gentleman so distinguished for bis attain ments and talents as Professor Mitchell of your renowned University. It matters riot that he finds occasion to disparage my feeble efforts in promoting the objects of the Geological Survey of this State, or steps far aside to adduce and brinz up the opinions of a foreigner to sustain him in his unfavorable views of the fitness of uiv Qualifications for tbe post I have the honor to hold. It is true, as Professor Johnson intimates in the extract quoted from his book, I attempted to do much, perhaps too much, for the New York Survey. My excuse was, that my heart was in it ; but that the work was performed hastily and inaccurately, or that I am dispbsed to form opinions hastily, is a charge which those who best know me will never make. But I do not claim exemption from error, and when shown to be in error, 1 hasten to make a re traction. I understand that Pi ofessor Mitchell's views of the coal fields differ from my own. may be in error ; for it is true that I have not had a quarter of a century to form them in. The Professor therefore posesses over me a de cided advantage. The long period, during which he has had time to make up his mind. make tbe people anxious to know what his final conclusions are. I repeat again, I am not of fended that others entertain and take an oppor tunity to express their opinions when they are different from my own. This is perfectly right, and a plain, open, straight-forward mode of speaking suits me the best ; but, as to tbe ex tent and value of the coal fields of this State, it appears to me that they are now in a fair way to be proved. The miner s pick is there, and the measuring rod can be applied by any one These are the best and most satisfactory modes to settle the points at issue between us. should deprecate an influence at this time which would stand in the way of a full development of the Deep River coal field.. 1 say, then, let Nor thern and Southern capitalists expend their thousands in the project, and, if it faihi,,the money will eo into the pockets or the land ow ners and laborers. It is merely the transfer of a portion of the funds of the affluent to the hands of the needy. It ia only a distribution of surplus funds. But allow me to say, that I bave full confidence in . this coal field. As to the four communications which have appeared in your columns, criticism from me might appear to many inexpedient, i entertain views which do not coincide with those of their author. We can sleep together in the same bed, notwithsand ing tlpt. Let tbe matter, therefore, rest, lam, sir, very respectfully, yours, E. EMMONS. WINES, LIQUORS, &c "THE subscriber offers for sale, on accommo dating terms Hennessey, Otard, Dupuy & Co., and A. Sugnette Brandy, in bond and duty paid Santa Cruz and Jamaica Rum, in puncheons Holland Gin of various favorite brands Stork, Windmill, and Double Eagle brands Champagne of all the favorite brands Heidseick, Great Western, Golden Crown and Nectar Sherry, Madeira, Malagas Teneriffe, Port and Claret, in wood andglass Cherry Cordial, in octtves Superior Old Rye Whiskey Havana Cigars, in great variety, of all the faverite marks Macaroni, Vermicellie, Castile Soap, in boxes, With a full assortment of Domestic Spirits. The foreign Spirits are of his own importation, and can be had in bond or duty free. He can therefore recommend them as equal iu quality and price to any imported in the country. THOMAS B. IRWIN, No. 18 Roanoke square, Norfolk, Ya. April 26, 1853. 85 Sm WARRENTON FEMALE SEMINARY. T HE next session of this Institution will com mence on Monday, the 13th June ensuing Terms as heretorore. Those who may desire more particular information can have a circular sent to their address. DANIEL TURNER, Principal. Warrenton, N. C, May 81, 1853. t20j 45 TAR RIVER MALE ACADEMY. THE next session of this school will open on the 12th day of July next Terms of Tuition, per session of five months, from $7.50 to $15. Board with the Trustees, $5 per month. The present Principal, Mr John F. Dance, has had charge of the Institution for the last 18 months, and has proven himself eminently qualified for the responsible station. The object of the Trustees has been, from the start, to afford a good school preparatory to any College in the country, at so low a price as to make success certain. To effect this, they placed board at $5, which is so low, that the board should not be estimated as an expense at alL The School is located in Granville County, nine miles west of Oxford, in a healthy, moral and plea sant neighborhood. For further particulars address C. W. ALLEN, Sec'y, Tar River P. O., Granville Co. N. C. May 31st, 1853. wtl2jy 45 Trustees .Dr. Jas. A. Russell, Wm. Clixkht, Allen Wallbk, Jas. C. Cozakt, and L P. Allxs. The Stages LEAVE Raleigh and Salisbury, every Sunday and Wednesday, at 7 A. M., after the arrival of the Cars from the -North, (at the former place) and arrive at each end at 7 P. M., next day, via Ashbdro', Pittsboro', Haywood. &c. The Road is stoeked with good Three Horse Teams, and Troy built Coaches. Fare through $8 only. JAS. M. WADDILL, Contractor. Dec. 18, '52. wly 103 WHITE fc McKENNEY Bdccbsobs to PXSBLKS, SOOTT WHITE, Wholesale and Retail Daalen la S T A P L E A N D FAN CY nn TFi 2T try trr iw" rm gg SYCAMORE STREET, - PETERSBURG, Vi. J. 15DUW WHITE, March 29, 1858. X. A. cKXXKTT, -T UU nitfe Jbo. Stevenasm.) tatk ur HOSTH CAROLINA, Pm Co O Churchill Perkins and others vs. John Raurtoi and Bowena Ralston. wn & JPeiilwnforltale of Lands for partition. In this easeXi appearing to the sat;fi.: t the Court, that the. defendants, John Raktonand Bowena Ralston, are not residents of this Sute it is ordered that publication be made for six sue. cessive weeks in the Raleigh Register, for tfe .. defendants to appear at the next term 0f our Court oi x.quity. ta oe neia ior ue county or Pitt, at the Court House in Greenville, on the first Mondav in September next, then and there to plead, answer or demur to the plaintiffs'- petition, or the same will be taken pro confesso by them and be heard ex pane-. Witness, Ooold Hoyt, Clerk and Master of Court, at office in Greenville April 21st, 1853. , : wxjlv ,hoyt, c & m. e. ; April 26, 1853. 35 6w TATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Geanvuls Cocsrt. -Court of Pleas ahd Quarter Seaaim, . ay Term, A. D. 1853: ' Hunt & Wiggins, " vs. I Original attachment. Robert T. Pelham, J It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that, Robert T. Pelham, the defendant in the for, going ease, is not a resident of this State, it U therefore ordained by the Court, that publication he made for six successive weeks in the Raleieh Register, notifying the said Robert T. Pelham, to be and appear before the Justices of our Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions to be held for the county of Granville,' at the Court House in Oxford on the first Monday in August next, and plead to his said suit : otherwise, judgment by default final will be entered up against him, and the property levied upon, sold according ty law. Witnesss, Augustine Landis. clerk of our said Court, at Office in Oxford, the first Monday in May I83. . LANDIS, el'k. June 1, 1853. w6w-4e QTATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Granvilu KJ CouirrT. Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions jihj icrm, a, if. iooo : PaschaU. Hicks & Co., 1 vs. Original attachment. Robert T. Pelham, J It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that Robert T. Pelham, the defendant in the fore going case, is not a resident of this State, it is therefore ordained by the Court, that publication be made for six successive weeks in the Raleigh Register, notifying the said Robert T. Pelham to be, and appear before the Justices of our Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions; to be" held for the county of Granville, at the Court House in Oxford on the first Monday in August next, and- plead to his said suit : otherwise, judgment by default, final will be entered up against him, and the property levied upon sold according to law. . Witness, Augustine Landis, Clerk of our said Court, at office in Oxford, the first Monday in May, 1853. A- LANDIS, el'k. M m ' A TV . O . n F " V TT lj STATEQX NORTH CAROLINA. Granvill Cochtt -MJourt of Pleas and Quarter Sessions AJay Term, AD. 1853 : Russell Kingsbury, 1 vs. X V Original attachment. Robert T.-Pelham, J It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that4tobert T. Pelham, the defendant in the fore going cise, is' not a resident of this State, it is therefore ordered by the Court, that publication be made , for six 'successive weeks in the Raleigh Register, notifying the' said Robert T. Perham to be, and appear before the Justices of our ourt of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, to be held for the county of Granville, at the Court House in Oxford, on the first Monday in August next, and plead to his said suit : otherwise, judgment by default final will be entered up" against him, and the property levied upon sold according to I aw. Witness, Augustine-, Landis, clerk of our said Court, at office in Oxford, the first Monday in May, 1853. . . A. LANDIS, Cl'k. June 1, 1853. w6w 45 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. Graxvilis Count. Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, May Term, A. D.f1853 : Wilson Ml. Bareford, " vs. , V Original attachment. Robert T. Pelham, j It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that Robert T. Pelham, the defendant in the fore going case, is not a resident of this State, it is therefore ordained by the Court, that publication be made for six successive weeks in the Raleigh Register, notifying the said Robert T. Pelham to be, and appear before the Justices of our Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, to Jbe held for the county of Granville, at the Court House in Oxford, on the first Monday in August next, and plead to his said suit t otherwise, judgment by default final will be entered up against him, and the property levied upon, sold according to law. Witness, Augustine Landis, Clerk of our said CourVat office in Oxford, the first Monday in May,; 1853. f A. LANDIS, cl'k. June 1,1853.' w6w 45 S' TATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Gbakvtllb Cocntt. Court ef Pleas and Quarter Sessions. Alay lcrm, a. v. iooo Stephen B. Grice,' "1 -r- vs. Original attachment Robert T. Pelham. J It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that Robert T. Pelhamr the defendant in the fore going case, is not a resident of this State, it is therefore ordained by the Court, that publication be made for six successive weeks in tbe Raleigh Register, notifying the said Robert T. Pelham, to be and appear before the Justices of our Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, to be held for the county of Granville, at the Court House in Oxford, on the first Monday in August next and plead to his said suit: otherwise, judgment by default final will be entered up against him, and the property, levied upon, sold according to law. Witness, Augustine Landis, clerk of our said Court, at office in Oxford, the first Monday in May, 1853. A. LANDIS. cl'k. June.; ly: 1853, - w6w 45 TATE OF NORTH CAROLINA Is tbs Se- PKSMX CoCBT. The Attorney General against Clayton Moore, assignee, and Hannah Smith wick, Elixabeth Leggett, Lawton Cooper, and wife Sarah, Samuel S Shepherd, Thomas Shepherd, Joseph Holland and wife Sarah, Elizabeth Holland, George Gordon and William H. Gordon, heirs of Samuel Smithwick, deceased. Information filed to repeal and rescind a grant made by the State to Samuel Smithwick, deceased, for lands lying in the county of Martin. It appearing by the return of the Sheriff, in this case, that William H. Gordon does not reside in this state ' This is to give notice to the said Wil liam H. Gordon to appear at the next term of ihe Supreme Court of North Carolina to be held at the Capitol, in 'the City of Raleigh, on the second Monday, in June next, on any day of the term be fore the 15th day of July next, then and there to plead, answer, or demur to said information, or the same will be taken as confessed, and heard ex parte as to him. f r E. B. FREEMAN. Clerk. May 24; 1853: w4w 43 DR. WILLIAM H. MOORE, HAVING located himself in Pittsboro', Chat ham County, offers his professional services to the citizens of the place, and' the surrounding country. - :'''' He will be found at his. office at all times, except when professionally engaged. April 1, 1853. : 8 mos 28 - 1 ' New CoaohShop. THE Subscriber respectfully informs the Pub lic, that he has occupied the well known Stand of Mr. Willie W. Johnson, on Wilmington St, about one hundred yards' South of the Capitol Square, where he is prepared to execute every thing in his line of business. Buggies & Coaches, &c, made of the best materials and in the most fash ionable and durable style. He would say to those who may wish to purchase Buggiesor any thing in his line, Jthat they .would do well to call upon him before purchasing else where,' aa he is determined to spare neither pains nor expense to please those who may favor him with their custom. He ia determined to sell at prices to suit the times.. .... ' Also repairing done cneap at tne snortesx nonce?' , JAMES BASHFORD. August 9th, 1852." ' wly 6
The Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
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June 8, 1853, edition 1
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