to m uum
LETTERS OF OTIS.
NO.-IX
It may hare Been thought, atd ery properly,
too, that the letter of Bishop "White, which con
stituted a part of my hut communication, while
it wa sufficiently clear and expliait upon th
(object of the validity ef non-episcopal baptism,
was act quite so pointed and satisfactory in re
gard to the validity of non-episcopal ordinations.
This matter ia easily remedied. Jt is well known
that, for. aboat dx yean after the declaration of
Aiaerican-indepeadence, we were without biah
ope in the Protestant Episcopal Churches of the
United States, and that there was, during this
time, gTeaft ' probability we would not be able to
obtain them in succession from England, in con-
eeqtience of the ecclesiastical aa well as political
' V severance which existed, between the mother
; country and the revolutionized colonies then
struggling for their independence. In this state
"V of things, the churches in the country friendly
to the episcopal trm of eodeeiaetical govern'
j - mcnt-proposed a plan for ihe eetabluhment of a
' Tolunttry system of episcopacy, or its sabetitite,
rather than wait longer, to see if an independent
, , T ..episcopacy could not be obtained eventually from
Eneland. The tJm for the aconnnliahment of
this purpose was drawn up by Bishop White,
f'. -. then a pastor of a congregation of worshipping
; :;CJiristians in the city of Philadelphia, with the
t , .- 'approbation of his friend, afterwards Bishop
V ProTOOst, and was made public in a pamphlet
i : entitled, " The Case of the Episcopal Churches in
the United States considered." This document
! - also receired the approral of the Archbishop of
Canterbury, to whom it was submitted by Messrs.
"White and ProToost, when they were consecrated,
with the assent of the English nation, indepen
dent bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church
of the United States. The following quotations
from this pamphlet will show conclusively that
Bishops White and Proven st did not believe that
Apostolical succession was necessary to the ex
istence of a church. After describing, at some
length, the plan for the organized and united
action of the Episcopal churches in the United
States, the author says : " They should elect a
clergyman their permanent president, who, in
conjunction with other clergymen to be also ap
pointed by the body, may exercise such powers
: as are purely spiritual, particularly that of d
tmt7 to the ministry." " This is founded on
"4be presumption, that the worship of God and
the in' tructiou and reformation of the people are
the. principal objects of ecclesiastical discipline;
if so, to relinquish them from a scrupulous ad
herence to Episcopacy is sacrificing the substance
tg the ceremony." And again : " It will be said,
we ought to continue as we are, with the hope
of obtaining it (the Episcopacy) hereafter. But
are the acknowledged ordinances of Christ's holy
religion to be buspeuded for years, perhaps as
long as the present generation shall continue,
out of delicacy to a disputed point, and that re
lating only to externals ? It is submitted, how
far such ideas encourage the suspicion of want of
attachment V any particular church, except to
Jar at is subservient to some cieU question. All
the obligations of conformity to the divine ordi
nances, all the arguments which prove the con
nection between public worship and the morals
of the people, combine to urge the adopting some
speedy measures to provide Sot the public minis
try in these .churches.? ' - .
It is also known that bishop White adhered to
these views of his early life in "matured and even
advanced old age. In his Lectures on the cate
chism, alluding to this very question of Episco
pal succession, he 6ays : " Ve may freely confess,
(it agreeing with their conduct in a variety of
ways,) that in. laying down articles of faith, the
Reformers hod no design of condemning other
Protestant churches on points of discipline."
"The deliverer of this present charge," says
bishop White in 1834, still discussing this ques
tion, " in the exercise of like freedom of opinion,
is rather dispted to adopt the sentiment of an
able and learned archbishop of Canterbury (Dr.
Wuke) when he savs in a letter to an eminent
foreign divine, "far be from me such an obdurate
heart, as that because of this defect (the want of
Episcopucy,) I should say of some churehes that
they arc to be cut off from our communion, or
should pronounce, with over ardeut writers
among us, they hail do valid sacraments, and are
scarcely christians. Many English prelates may
be cited to the same effect.1
Thus it is evident, tnat tor at least six years
during the revolution, the Protestant Episcopal
church of the United States existed without Epis
copacy, and in the opinion of bishops White and
Provoost, whormty.be considered as her founders,
might have continued her existence without det
riment to her integrity, had the Anglican succes
sion been refused; for they believed that in cases
of necessity Episcopacy might be started by self-
consecration. And so, in the opinion of the An
glican Reformers, and, indeed, of a very large
majority of the English divines, up to the time
of the passage of the Uniformity Act, we could
have churches without bishop, yet having a valid
ministry and duly administered sacraments ; while,
in the opinion of the founders of the Episcopal
Church of the United States, Bishops White and
Provoost, together with lrs. v harton and Smith,
from whom the present preface to the Prayer
Book emanated, and whose views can be there
fore taken in aid of it construction, we could
have "had churches in this country with a self-
consecrated Episcopacy, yet having a valid min
ihtry and duly administered sacramentA. Epis
copacy, therefore, is uot unalterably binding upon
the churches of Clirist, and for this obvious and
sufficient reason that there is no precept in the
canonical Scriptures which positively enjoins it.
Nor should it be ; for the doctrine of Episcopal
grace by Apostolical succession is only a step be
hind the Romish dogma, that there is an infallible
judge, beside the Holy Scriptures, in the Church
of God which is the true source of bigotry and
intolerance ; and whoever believes it in his heart,
is necessarily and conscientiously a persecutor.
Iudced, Episcopacy is strictly a question of dis
cipline or church government. Bow very ab
surd, then, for Christians, devout follower of the
meek and lowly Jesus, to be disputing, with all
the hatred and envy incident to the bitterest
worldly contentions and strifes, about a matter
that relates only to externals, but which need not
Lave, necessarily, any connection either with the
practical administration, or their valuable effects,
of those ordinances of religion which were insti
tuted by Christ and practiced by his Apostles, or
ith the existence even of God s Holy Church.
Yet the doctrine ef the divine rights of an apos-tolically-descended
episcopacy is the foundation
stone nt Popery. Remove it, and the whole
Papal fabric, church and all, tumbles to atoms.
1 the spiritual supremacy of the Pope, then,
whieh rests upon this theological dogma, derived
from God's Holy Church, sgreeably to his will
and pleasure, as revealed to man in the sacred
Scriptures ? And if it is not, whence does it
emanate 1 These are the questions whieh I have
been directly and collaterally investigating; and
it has beea observed already, in the course of this
inquiry, tLat as the idea of the outward individ
ual representative of Christ in his holy church,
through the tuccessors to the Apostle Peter, in
ti tj.iscpal chair of the Church of Rotae, came
to be more fully settled as a tenet of thf Roman
Church, and, therefore, as this church came to be
more sod more regarded, throughout the West
especially, as the Cathedra Petri, against vAiel
the gates of hett. ikotdd nor prfwtZ, just in the
Mae proportion do we Cod the worldly-minded
bishop of thia see setting up those lordly Ul
luonsiruus aretemaona -which eventually fad on
to tbvir wicked and nnmniAikw.Ai: i
Jnal and temporal supremacy that have eharao-
inquiries upon this subject, I have also spoken of
the strife and, contention that arose between the
(wo principal dignitaries of the church, the. Mao
ops of Boms and Constantinople, In regard to ft"
premacy tM 1 hmf also stated, ia pan, u wn
manner thf tfoman voarcn was able to maintain
its influential position and standing against ihe
apparently over-riding pretensions, at one time,
of the Patriarchs of Constantinople. And in re
suming directly the further prosecution oi uus
inquiry, it may be mentioned, in addition to what
has already been said upon thu suoject, tnai me
Eastern or Greek churches were much less inde
pendent of the whims and caprices of the polioH
cal authorities than the Latin caurcn was, parao-
ularly after the fall of tha Western Empire.
Thus the practice of sacrificing their opinions
and convictieos. even in matters of doctrine as
well as cosapune, became more and more con
firmed as a habit among the Eastern bishops, un
der the exactions of the Greek mprors, wnicn
destroved. in a ffreat deeree. their stability and
usefulness, either as conservators of the "faith
ful vord," or proper administrators of primitive
cnurcn government, ine oisnops oi iouuu
and Western churches, on the contrary, lavorea
bv the political condition of their country, were
much more successful in preserving their eccle
siastical independence ; for the German princes,
who had now become their quasi, u not aosoiuie
sovereigns, permitted them to have greater free
dom in conducting the affairs of the Church than
was allowed under the Byzantine yoke. This
indulgence, for the time, enabled the Romish
bishops successfully to resist the innovations of
the changeable Greeks, and the hierarchal pre
tensions of the Patriarchs of Constantinople, who
desired to be regarded as universal bishops or
ecelesiastkal chiefs of the Catholic Church. All
this was especially gratifying to the German
princes, or rulers of the Western Empire, be
ta use it tended to secure them against hierarchal
dombinations and reactionary influences of the
Church, in the prosecution of their political
schemes, while it . would likewise tend, they
thought, to weaken the power and influence of
the Emperors of the Last. Another circumstance,
meanwhile, had favored the increasing power and
growing ecclesiastical influence of the bishops of
Rome. The' speculative theological questions
which agitated so fearfully the Eastern churches,
snd which will always bring trouble and affliction
upon God's people, whenever and wherever they
ars acrimoniously discussed nay, I had almost
said discussed at all had hitherto produced but
little impression on the Western churches, which
sometimes, indeed, acted as umpire between the
aspiring Patriarchs and fiercely contending theo
logians of the Eastern chnrches. On these oc
casions, the Western churches were generally
represented thronph the see of Rome, as the
Sedes Apostoliea of the West, and whatever of
influence and power were gained in this way by
these churches, was sure to be turned, by the
worldly-minded and crafty bishops of Rome, to
their own account, as the successors and repre
sentatives of St. Peter, and to magnify the char
acter and power of the Roman Church as the
Cathedra Petri. Under all these circumstances,
the ecclesiastical ambition of the Roman bishops
matured very rapidly ; for they not only claimed
to have the Sedes Apostoliea of the West, aud,
therefore, to be entitled to the highest considera
tion and authority in all that region, but they
soon began to think of assuming, as the succes
sors of St. Peter and occupants of the Cathedra
Petri, the supervision of the true church every
where. Tbese claims, it is true, they sometimes
preteuded to found on imperial edicts, and' some
times, as suited their purposes, on the decrees of
councils. And yet another source of influence
to the Roman bishops was the custom of refer
ring to them aa the head of the only apostolic
church of the West, particularly after the decree
of the Council of Sardica, by which all condemn
ed bishops were allowed to appeal to the bishops
of Rome, all questions concerning the apostolic
customs, which, in the East, were addressed in
discriminately to the bishops of any church
founded by an Apostle. This gave them occasion
to issue a vast number of letters, epistolce decre
tales, or dkcbstals, as they were afterwards
called, which soon assumed a tone of apostolic
authority. These didactic letters, wretchedly in
terpolated, together with others unquestionably
forged and suited to occasions, were brought for
ward, in after ages, as evidence of the highest
dignity equal if not superior to, in fact, the
epistles of the Apostles themselves, not only to
prove the apostolic traditions in the Church of
Rome, but also as the res gesta of former Popes,
aa the successors of the Apostle Peter and ac
knowledged heads of the Catholic Church. But
in fact, while they cunningly contrived to make
ail adventitious aids contribute to their power
and importance, they really founded their claims
and pretensions upon the peculiar princely riyhts
and sovereign autlwrity in the Church, with which
they vainly pretended the Apostle Peter, as the
Prince of the Apostles, had been invested, at the
time when, as I have already shown, Christ found
ed his church, not upon. the person of St. Peter,
as the Romanist foolishly supposes, because that
could become common to no man, but upon the
faith of St. Peter, which could become common to
all men, by " repen'ance totcard God, and faith
toward our Lord Jesus Christ, and lope toward
our neighbor as ourselj.
Such, in a great measure, had already become
the actual condition of things, under the Arian
Ostrogoth Theodoric, who rejoiced, from po
litical consideration, at the schism between the
Western and Eastern churches, when there oc
curred at Rome one of the fiercest and most
shameful contests recorded in history, in regard
to the succession to the Roman see. This cir
cumstance, although it carries us back a little as
regards the progress of this investigation, is too
intimately connected with the subject under con
sideration, namely, the divine right of apostolic
succession, as the foundation principle of Papal
supremacy, to be passed over without notice.
The history of this matter, as stated by church
historians, is this : " What sort of men," says
Mosheim, " the bishops of Rome wero, who wish
ed to be thought the chiefs and fathers of the
whole Christian" church, and also the body of the
clergy under them at Rome, best appears frm
the long and violent contest .between SymmackHs
and Laurentius, which broke out in the ye:ir 498,
and was at longth settled by the Gothic king.
Theodoric. Each maintained that himself was
the regularly-constituted Pontiff; and each ac
cused the other of the most abominable crimes,
snd not without an appearance of truth. Turee
councils, assembled at Rome, were not able to
terminate the dreadful quarrel ; in the fourth,
soon after the commencement of the century,
Theodoric having taken up the business, Symrna
ehus was at length pronounced innocent. But
the adverse party continued to deny that justice
had been done them by this decision ; and this
led Ennodius of Pa via to write his Apology for
the Council and for Symmachus. From this
treatise; which abounds in rhetorical coloring,
we may clearly learn, that the foundations of
that exorbitant power which the pontiffs after
wards obtained, were already laid ; but not thst
Symmachus had been inconsiderately or unjustly
accused."
Dr. Murdock, the learned and accomplished
translator of Mosheim, in a foot note accom
panying the above extracts thinks this portion
of the history of the church of Rome worth a
fuller description, and says : " On the death of
the pontiff Athanasius, in the year 493, not only
the clergy, but the people and the senate of Rome,
were divided about a successor. Symmachus a
deacon, and Laurentius the arch -presbyter, were
now cnosen on the same day by their respective
partisans ; and so eager were both parties to car
ry their point, that the whole city was in aa up
roar, ana many oatues and much bloodshed took
place in the streets and in the public Dlacei. To
end the dire contest, the leading men on both
sides agreed to refer the contested point to the
decision of Theodoric, the Arian king resident si
tuvennu. rie decided, that the one who should
be found to have had the most rotes, and to hare
been elected at the earliest hour, should be con.
idered the legal pontiff. This secured the elec
tion of Symmachus. The king likewise ordered
tne Hahops to inake regulations for the election
of future popes, which should prevent the recur
rence of similar dlfficnltiM. Thia Anna In
mymew, Dot (to
AmcAm o several heinous crimes Wore the j
'..T' ... .. I
wsre renewed with Increased violence, borne
Anfltnr tnfnmWl tha kin? of the state of Eotne,
and requested mm tq send a visitor so nune, wiui
full power to settle all the difficulties.' Fcter,
bishop of Altino,1 wM-Ppointed.IIe repaired
to Rome, and at once suspended Symmachus, aud
took the goods of the church into nis own hands.
This enraged the partisans of Symmachus to mad
ness, and prostrated all order and subordination.
Being apprized of the state of things, the king
now repaired to Rome in person; and spent six
months hi tranquillizing that distracted cityr-He
ordered all the bishops of Italy to meet in coun
cil, and decide on the charges against Symmach
us, The council held several meetings in that
and the folio wing years. Symmachus, when seat
for, set out to go to the council, attended by a
mob; A battle ensued in tbe streets; several were
killed; Symmachus himself was wounded, turn
ed buck, and refused to anpear before the coun
cil. The council, after some delay, p oceeded in
his absence : decreed that the witnesses, being
slaves, were incompetent to prove anything ; and
therefore dismissed the complaint. Ihe menas
of Laurentius protest-d against the decision.
The council met again, and adapted a-s their own
the apology for them drawn up by r.,tntxuus.
The couucil which acquitted Symmachus, with
out examination of the charges brought ajr-nust
him bv the party of his rival, was called the
Sytwdus jPalmari. On this occasion, Entwine,
bishop of i lcioum, writing in defence oi t.iii
syuotf.irW hazarded Ute overturn that the bisiioi
or Rome was subject to no earthly tuiul-
nal. Shortly afterwards, other efforts were utfule
to give this principle something of an historical
foundation, by bringing forward forged acts ot
former popes, and corrupted or interpolated let
ters from St. Cyprian iu regard to the dignity and
honor of the bishop of R.mie. Bui this was at
tempting more for the gratification of the uiula
tion of the haughty prelates of the Roman
church, than could be accomplished yet awhile;
although, when taken in connection with other
circumstances, it was a foreshsidowing of events,
which fully justifies the remark of Mosheim, that
hence ' we may clearly learn, "trrt the founda
tions of that exorbitant power whieh the putif!s
afterwards obtained, were already laid." Bar
nius, a distinguished theologiau of tin1 Ji aiiili
church, speaking of th- se contest; ImMwcu Sym
machus and LaureiiSins. says, tint " murders.
robberies, and uuiuberl evil,
at Rome during these sir'ii
was a risk of their destr .yi-.
Now let me ask the i.i
did mind aud genuine c':,n
whether he believes this i. re
r- ji'-rjwtrated
!! Tint -'thr-'
'. "o city.
if cm-
'ls:ies.
:rl
v.? pot-
sssed that heavenly i'is ir it: i w'.:
and directed Ptte-, whe : he aoi.w r--d
master, who had aske I 1
that I am." "Thou art Vie C ri -t. t
I 111 V'.l
ivine
iii s..v ye
e so i f
the livin? God." What a g orious jr ' liga
tion of faith, upon which, as upon a firm ai d
steadfast rock, Christ has deel-ired, " ic'l! lni'i!
my Church ; nrvl the gat's of hell sfail nut jmrnil
agxinstit." ''For,"asSt. Au-justmesays, "the roc'.;
is not so called alter refer, but Peter N so e illcd
after the rock ; just as Christ is not so denomi n
tel after the christians, but the christians after
Christ; for it is on this account oit Ia pI de
clares. On this rock I will found my C:i:ir-h. lo
cause Peter had said: Thou art the Cini.-t. the
son of the living God. On this rock, which thou
hast confessed, he declares, I will build un
church ; f r Christ was the rock on whose foun
dation Peter himself was built; for other foun
dation hath no man laid than that whieh is l.iid.
which is Christ Jesus." Or will the rc.i ler believe
Symmachus was ever actuated by that scriptural
faith whieh influenced Peter, when. " jrir.iin? his
fisher's coat around him," "he can himself into
the sea and swam to the shore," that he miM be
the first to throw himself at the feet of the risen
Jesus, his indulgent Saviour, the Holy on of
God? Was Sy-machvs prepared, as Peter had
been, by godly sorrow and repentance and con ver-
si n, to prove the reality of his love for Chmt. by j
answering, as Peter had answered, under the so-
rest grief snd soul affliction, the question, a third 1
time asked him by Jesus, '8imou, soi of Jona,
lovest thou me more than these," "Lord thou
kaowest all things, thou knowest that T love
thee, that he should be considered worthy of ac
tive sincerity and obedience, and, therefore, re
ceive the instruction of the G'Vd S!i"nKer.l.
"Feed my sheep f" Can he believe that t'iis bish
op of Rome was actuate.! by the Holy Sj.irit thar
animated Peter on the day of Penteeot, when, in
the presence of the assembled multitude-, at the
peril of his life, he unhesitatingly d?'ared. "Let
all the house of Israel know pssuredly, that God
had maj!e that same Jesns, whom ye crucified,
both Lord and Clirist;" and thus, by j.reicl irijr
Clirist and him crucified, so pricked the hearts "f
his hearers, that they with one accor.l rrieJ
and "said unto Peter awl to the mt of the !..
ties, men and brethren wh a' .iha'l cc Oof' Or
can there be discovered in h'many of those nnq-ios.
tionable evidences of faithful devotion to C'iris'
bis Lord and Saviour, whieh mle Fvtcr. who
was so fiery and impati-jnt before hi conversion,
afterwards so humble, meek, loving, and obedi
ent ; inferior to none, save St. Paul perhaps, in
every good and perfect work, in labors of l,,ve,
and in the conversion of souls? St. Paul savs a
bithnp should be no striker: and the Prince of
Peace said to his disciple Peter. ' Put up thy
sword ;" yt thi.y bishop of Rome and pretended
successor of St. Peter was the leader ,,f a mili,
that deluged the streets of Rome with Mood !
Christ also says: "Anoth r com-andmen cive
I unto you, love one another ;" and. " Ye are my
friends if ye do whatso ver I command v-oi."
But did Symmachus keep this or ot' er of God's
commandments, when he was "?
cused of several heinous crini,"
the instigator of vio'ent tumuUs
among God's people? Is this to i
Christ? And if a ma i is o .t
can he boa spiritud su e
Apostle Peter ? St. Paul
in the flesh cannot pie.ii
man have not the spirit ,' i ;
t i:n i.stlv ac-he-i
I'. s boincr
mi I c'vil wars
e a d;sc:p!p of
'U.-ipiO. how
Messed
''. it are
if rt'iv
'3 none t
of nin . ... for as ni.iov . (.
God, they are the son. of (.'.:.
idle nd absurd, t) ere;' -re.
set up the claim f Ap..sto
one implicated in so many
', r,t of !
i: S j.- t y !
i.e
O.lhlstS to I
k .-uii es-iou f, r I
crimes. J. r in.e. !
Chysostom, and Gregory X.izh.izen assure us.
that the true succession is that of doctrine, not thai
of merely sitting in the same chair, or p-.osessin '
the place once occupied by an apostle or evange- j
list, Jerome and Chrysostom I have uuoted I
before ; but this Gregory, speaking of At!
jana-
sius succeeding in the chair of Sr. M :rk. says :
He was not less the successor of his piety tlian
of his seat ; in point of time, distant from him ;
but, in piety, whicJi iwfoed is properly call el
succession, directly after him. For he that ho!d
eth of the same doctrine is of the same chair ;
but he who is an enemy to the doctrine, is an
enemy to the chair I"
Thys was the papal succession broken off iu
the person of Symmachus, for want of all the
scriptural requirements of discipiineship, and by
the application of the only proper rule in regard
to apostolical succession. However, this pre
tendedly golden chain of unbrokeu links, in suc
cession from St. Peter, has been often broken in
the same manner, snd sometimes even more vio
lently. Platipa, in his life of Daniasus.a bishop
of Rome, says, ' that when he was elected pope,
he had a rival in the church called Sicinus; where
many were killed on both sides, in the church it
self: since the matter was discussed, not onlyby
votes, BCT by force of arms." But these tu
mults and bloodshed, so disgraceful to humanity
unenlightened by Christian examples, which took
place at the election of so many popes, prove
that Christian Rome was oftentimes converted
into a Pandemonium, or kingdom of Satan, fr
worse, perhaps, than pagan Rome had ever
known, because it was ail done in the name of
the Prince of Peace, whose kingdom is not of this
world
Let us take another example to show how this
chain of succession from the Apostles was broken,
even according to the rules and requirements of
the Romish Church herself. In the midst of vio
lent contentions, which rent and distracted the
Roman Catholic Church, Pelagiua I., the succes
sor of Vigillus, was appointed to be Pops of Rome,
aod eprorerl tSjpJk fMrl mmcH, whisk
whLfcbytlObter,rfthe Lmperox Juc
A .-nfiwt..wJi art in JllStinWD. tO COU-
denin the three chapters, -But having don Jt, he
determined to persevere ia it; and it wasthrougn
Jus imperial exactions tuai reiagius wm
to approve the decree of the council condemning
them. This act of approval, which had the - ef
fect to shape the creed of the Roman Cathobc
Church from that day to this, increased the fires
of ecclesiastical tumult and wars to such an ex
tent, that this man, who had been appointed Pope,
could not find a bishop of Rome, who would con
secrate him ; and be was therefore constrained
to beg a priest of Ostium to do this service for
),im- "n. thincr" savs Barouius. "which never
had occurred before' Here we have the regular
Papl succession broken off, not only by a direct
violation of the canons ot the universal church
in rctrurH tn the selection and consecration of
but likewise bv a most oidpable violation
of n.11 the rules and regulations urescribed by the
church of Rome herself for the preservation of
the piUMAcr of Peter. According to the canons
:ud nraetice of the western churches, a bishop
had fhe tole potccr of ordination. No ordina
; tion could be performed without him. He alone
could do it, and generally, it not universally,
when assisted by other bishops. St. Cyprian iu-
forms us. " tliat Cornelius had advanced, gradu
ailv. throiiL'h all the inferior stations :" and con-
ueutlv had been a vreabllter or rrriest before he
w;ui made bishop of Rome, at which time he was
ordained or consecrated by sixteen bishops. But
Pchigius I. was only a deacon, when th6 emperor
Justinian ordered him to be made Pope of Rome,
and this was done, not by the imposition of the
nauds of other bishops, pious and godly men,
through prayer and fasting commending him to
Almighty God, after the manner of the apostles.
as a pure-minded and devout christian, aud wor
thy to be, iu their estimation, through God's help.
a laithful shepherd of Christ s nock, and succes
.sur of St. Peter, but by a poor priest of Ostium,
I am fully acquainted with the extreme Hexibili
ty, the deluding slipperiness of Roman Catholic
theology, but there is uo escape for them here.
Pelasrius I had not been constituted Christ's faith
ful shepherd and successor of Peter to "feed his
lambs, according to auy regular system of or
dination or plan of. succession, but in violation
t' tiicni all. Even the great apologist for
ti;u lioni'sii succession, liaromua. says it was
done iu a manner " which neveb had oocuu
uti bkfobi:. liut he also says: " Let eoery
man recollfit tnat ecen to the shadow of Pkteb,
iinmeiist virtue icai gieen of Ood."
Manv other examples might be brought for
ward to how the invalidity of orders, aud the
irreirulari'v of Papal succession, iu the church of
li nie; iiiit 1 have given enough to prove that
chain of sui.ves.siou has beei broken, as well
U an uUer disregard ot the scriptural require
muiit.s fr a bishop, as by a palpable violation o!
t he canons and practice of the church in cases
v.niiiiaiioii, and by this special manner of mat
a i or, ichtrJi nevtr had occurred before.
Kc uno diice oilmen.
About- thirty or forty years after the time of
Pel iius L. the flames of controversy were once
.norj kindled witii greater violence thauever, be
tween the two first aud mo-t important dignita
ries of the Catiiolic Church, mainly through the
excessive vauity aud ambition of John, ratnarc
oi" C 'ikstantiuople, who had, with the assent of
1' ? . l.i .-.l rj
.:;e emperor .viauricius, a-ssumeu me utieoi uni
versal Bishop, l'elagius II., then bishop of Rome,
was greatly incensed at this peice ot arrogance
i and presumption on the part of John, and issued
counter decrees, declaring liis pretensions void
ureorv i., successor oi reiagius, continued tins
opposition to John mot vehemently, and, in the
Oouucii ot chaicedon, hoMeu at thu time, claim
tiie title iu dispute, as having belonged to his
, "Wii priMecessors, though waived by them m
.ourtebv. Giegory urged the Emperor to pre
vent the assumption of the title of " Universal
Dishop" by Johu of Constantinople. But all his
praiseworthy efforts aud protestations made but
uttle impression on ALiuncius, who was disposed
to prntiiy the ambition of his favorite, John
1 he trata is, Gregory was so enraged by his pax
siouate zeal for what he believed to be the in
'. jured Honor ot the Roman Church, and by his
' earnest convictions of the injury that might be
lone to the real integrity and union of Christ':
churcnos, ty tne use ot an epithet of such
da.voekocs ihpoht, that he would not be recon
ciied iu any manner whatever with this instance
.I OricnUu. untinlion and canity. He declared
Til AT THIS trl THKT, WHICH ALONE BELONGS TO
ol' riAVIOL'K, SHOCLD NOT BE APPLIED TO MOB
tal max ! " Verily," he said, " when Paul heard
that some said, 1 am of Paul ; others, I am of
A podos ; others, I am of Cepltas ; he exclaimed,
with the strongest abhorrence of this rending
asunder of the body of Christ, by which his
ltiembers were, so tJ speak, attached to other
he ads Was Paul crucified for you, or were ye
baptized in the Dame of Paul ? If, then, he
could not tolerate that the members of the Lord's
lly should be arranged in parcels, as it were,
.iud become attached to other heads than Christ,
even though these heads were apostles, what wilt
th' ai say to Him, the he-id of the universal church,
at the final judgment ? In truth, what is Peter,
the first of the Apostles, other than a member of
the holy and universal church? hat are Paul,
Andrew, and John, other than heads of single
communities? A nd yet, all subsist as members
under the one only head." " None of my pre
decessors, bishops of Rome, ever consented to use
this ungodly name ; no bishop of Rome ever
took upon him this name of singularity; we, the
I ;i.hop of Home, will not receive this honor be
iog offered to us." And, also, he pays that " it
is a presumptuous, a profane, a sacrilegious, and
an anti-Christian name; that he who durst as
sume it is the king of pride, Lucifer, who prefer
red! himself before his brethren, and who hath
forsiken the faith, and is the forerunner of Anti
Christ. And again, growing still warmer, he
d-dares : " He is Antichrist who shall claim to be
called i'nivebsal bishop, and shall have a guard
r jri,: io a icnn ujwn mm, However, in the
mi
...-. iiur. .,rr, ''fii- M Hit.
il this vehement opposition to John,
Gmstantiiiople, Mauricius, in conse-
!.-t H ail tin
lsn-'P ol Uonstantiiion
quenco ot his avarice, incurred the hatred of the
soldit-i'v. who rose in mutiny, so that he was
obliged tt tiy to Chalcedon. During his resi
de. i..-e there, he was murdered, with his wife, his
children, and, indeed, every branch of his family,
by the centurion Phocas, who was raised by the
'uiitiuoiis army to the imperial rank. Boniface
III., a successor of Gregory, by repeated apd
urgent entreaties, obtained from the usurper
Phocas a rescript, conferring this title of Uni
v f3;l Bishop or 'ope upon himself, because, as
lie alleged, lie was possessed of greater dignity
.iv higher authority in the Catholic Church, as
the bishop of the Cathedra Petri, and therefore
the outward individual representative of Christ,
through Lis succession from St. Peter.
From this time, there was comparatively but
little let or hindrance to the indulgence of these
worldly-minded and ambitious Prelates of ths
Church of Rome: so that Pope B niface VIII.
concluded, by solemn semenco and declaration,
' Thai every creature must submit itself unto the
Bishop of Rome, upon the pain of everlasting
damiiation ,-" while another Pope has said, "The
accusing of him is THE 6is against the Holy
G host, ichich shall never be forgiven, neither in
this vorid, nor in the next." And so, a distin
guished cardinal, in the Lateran Council J512 -17,
A. D., under Lso X., and, indeed, over which
he presided, alleged that " Is the Popb is all
POWEtt, ABOVE ALL POWEB8, A8 WELL OF HEAVEN
as of EABTH." "In papa est omnis potesias, su
pra omnes potcslaies, tarn celi quam term." Such
bold and blasphemously wicked assumptions
have no foundation or support in the Book of
the law and the testimony. There is to be found
there no " THtrs saith the Lobd" to sustain
them. The Pope of Rome, therefore, with his
pretended spiritual and temporal supremacy, and
with " his body-guard of priests," is " ihe man of
sin that sitteth in the temple of Ood, showing him
self that he is Ood" who is Antichrist. But
God, in las g.xxl time, will destroy him aiid all
his hosts, " with tlie breath of his mouth," which
is the Word of God, saying : " am the Lorti
thy God, that brought thee out of the land of Egypt,
out of the house of bondage. Thou bhalt bate
noss othu Gods but mx."
Prom tne Baltimore BepobH pan'.
DBtW'oir Hon, W. W; VaLi--TheBub.
joined adiltts ; from the highly distinguished Rep?
resenUtlves of the First District of the State oi
New York, will ring throughout the land like the
blast of a trumpet, startling those who know not
what their representatives are doing,- and caus
ing the knees of the latter to smite together as
did those of Belshazzai when he read the mes
sage of wrath written upon the walL It . is one
of the clearest, the most luminous, and compre
hensive statements we have ever reaa on a suojeti,
with regard to which there has been so much
pains taken to mystify the public. It is credi
table, not less to the heart than to the- head of
its author. It evinces a high tone of snntuneut
with regard to the duties of a Representative,
and a manful determination never to resign, the
banner which bis constituents have placed in his
hands. The conduct of Mr. Valk, and ot tne
spirits who stand by him, is worthy ot immortal
honor, and proves to the world that however de
generate an example others may havo set, the
tire of Revolutionary ireeaom sun umuo in
tense brilliancy in the breast of a remnant.
House of Representatives, 1
Washington, Dec. 17, 1855.
Tn ike. American P-eovLe : It is not for a mo
ment to be doubted, that from the unusual delay
in the organization of the House by electing a
Speaker, the people have Decome in areasouaoic
degree impatient, and may not truly understand
the caiwe which have been instrumental in per
petuating this unpleasant state ot affairs at the
(Jamtol. Briefly then to disclose these causes,
as far rs the writer understands them, and upon
his own responsibility as a member of the House,
does he deem it proper and ngnt to reier to mem
now.
It has by this time become thoroughly known
to the country, that previous to the meeting ol
the House, on the 3d of the present month, the
Democratic or Administration party held a cau
cus, nominated Mr. Richardson for Speaker, and
1 1 . 1 1 ' . 1 .' Ant!manfu
passed a resolution emoouyiug men kuuuh."
upon some of the present issues before the coun
try, and most unnecessarily, as well as offensive
ly, charging the American-party with "violently
assailing civil and religious liberty." The una
nimity exhibited in adopting the resolution was
only broken by the withdrawal of the Hon. Wni.
Smith, of Virginia, who retired from the caucus
immediately after its reading. Here, then, we
have the Democratic members of the House ol
Representatives, (forty-eight of them.) assuming
to be exclusively patriotic aud national, denoun
cing the Anerican members of the same body, and
resolving it to be their highest duty to maintain
and defend the principles of the Kansas-Nebraska
bill, and the constitutional rights of every sec
tion. They declare themselves the opponents of
the Americans, the Republicans and the Fusion
ists, and there they take their stand before the
people.
The Americans, those elected as such, and sent
here to represent the true sentinieuts .of the A
merican organization, found, on com paring notes,
and ascertaining each other's views, that instead
of harmonizing aud standing on the same basis,
they were a duality, the men of a section, ami
the men of the country. With the former, the
latter could pot act, for there was but a limited
identiiy 4 principle, nor could the sectional men
be rc-Hed as the exponents of the broad and
comprehensive views of the national men. It
was evident, tiien, that in the House there v uhl
be three parties contending for the organization,
or rather two in the attitude of contestants, while
the third-stood in the gap, and stand tlrcre still,
with the black flag of Republicanism waving on
one side of them, and the Democratic banner,
stained with an insult, flung to the breeze on the
other. It is due to themselves, and due to t ie
country, that they should maintain their position,
and refuse their aid to place in the Speaker's
chair either Richardson or Banks. Tiiy will not
assist in organizing the House upon a sectional
issue, nor are they disposed to perpetuate the
blessings heaped upon a noble and generous peo
ple by the policy or measures of the present Ad
ministration. At the commencement of the session, the Na
tional Americans decided to cast their votes for
the Hon. Humphrey Marshall, because he was
with them in s -utiment, and feeling, ant' depre
cated sectionalism as wholly out ofpiace in the
popular representative body. He stood upon the
American platfjrm, and believed that we were
all cit'zensof a umniou country, under the broad
gis of a Constitution, whoae every obligation it
is our highest aud most patriotic duty to fulfil.
Mr. Marshall's name being subseiuently with
drawn as a candidate, the votes of our small but
resolute band became somewhat scattered, butti
nally concentrated upon the Hon. Henry M.
Fuller, of Pennsylvania, a noble son of the Kej--stone
State, and a man who dignifies the appel
lation of an American citizen. He knows no
North, no South, no East, no West, but, giving
thanks to God that his lot has been cast in this
land of promise and hope, he bears aloft the flag
of his country, and, pointing to its broad and am-
Sle folds, be bids us witness the insignia of free
om's last refuge, and our passport through the
realms of civilization.
Forty-odd Conservative National Americans
now hold the balance of power in the House, and
are struggling with fidelity to arrest the consum-
mation oi a sectional or Administration success.
An intelligent people cannot fail to perceive the
dignity and propriety of their position. The
black flag shall never wave over the Speaker's
chair, if their efforts and constancy can avert so
dire a calamity. If the people desire the success
of either the Democratic or Free-Soil Republican
aspirants now before the House for the, houors
and emoluments of the Speakership, the accom
plishment of their wishes can be in some way, I
presume, brought about. The signs of the times
are ominous of prospective calamities to the U
nion who shall avert them, if the National A
moricana do not ?
Wm, W. Valk, of New York.
Too Much Crowing. In one of our English
exchanges we find the following de ision against
an over-clamorous rooster :
"A curious point of law has been decided by a
County Court Judge at Exeter. The question was
whether an inhabitant of a town was at liberty
to keep animals whose noise proved a serious an
noyance to their nieghbors. It was shown on
the part of a, M.r, Abraham, that his neighbor,
Mr. Minty, had a. cock whicli crowed one hun
dred and fifty times In twenty-five minutes. The
learned judge thought this was an amount of crow
ing whL.'h human nature was not bound to put
up with, and awarded to the plaintiff one shilling
damages."
When t'e'y get a Speaker of the House of Rep
resoLtatives at Washington, he ought to have a
present of a rooster of this kHney. The triumph
of Banks, Richardson or Fuller especially Ful
ler will justify the employment of a bird for a
whole day that can crow ono hundred and fifty
times in twenty-five minutes, with all the old
cackling hens of the successful party thrown in
for good measure. V. T. Herald.
We are informed, says the Union, that a per
son who desires to remain unknown has address
ed to the chief of the Russian Legatin;, a check
for four thousand dollars, to be transmitted to his
government. The unknown donor, who signed
the initials M. Y., states in his letter that, full of
admiration for the gallant defence of Sebastopol,
he sends this liberal sum of money t n distrib
uted among the widows and orphans of the Rus
sian soldiers who fell bravely fighting for their
homes against foreign aggressors.
ExTBAOBDrNABY Sale. On Tuesday last,
says the Clark.-:ville (Va.J ToUcco Plant, a pale
of negroes and other personal property, belong
ing to the estate of tbe late JohnS. Jewries, took
place on Bluestoue in this county, surpassing iu
high prices any sale we have known lu this re
gion of the world.
A negro boy, only 18 years of age, and only an
wdinary field hand, brought $ 1300, aiid another
not quite as likely $ 1260 or more, fVn broush t
$5.35 per barrel, and other things BorJ ui a 2ke
ration- War, New,
THE PBESIDENCT. M :
tjrhe .Presidential Campaign is drawing near anw
the friends of the Amancan partyl in every, sce
tion are begiiung to look forward witVconsiiWa-.
bU anxiety to the time, and to the man who i
to b chosen" to bear aloft the proud banner of
ouT; party, the' glorjous "stars, and stripes'! of our
country I It- is geberally conceded that - our
friends, should they .manage the matter rightly,
have the Presidency" in their own hands. And
the mqst important-part of the proceedings, in
the impending struggle, will be the selection ot
a proper man.- While we kuow numbers of men.
in our ranks, who would do houor to themselves
and their country, should they le elevated to
such a position, and to whose election we would
give a cordial support. yt whenever the i lea of
the Presidency suggests itself to our mind, trie
name of MILLARD FILLMORE involuntarily
comes t j our lips. He is. iu our humble opinion,
the man lor the times, trie man for the pejple, tit
man for the National-Union, and the man toche k
the racing tide of fanaticism and se:tionalism
which now threatens, iu its turbulent course, bj
overturn every thing that is near and dear t the
people, even the very fabric of our Government.
He has been tried in" the balance and never found
wanting. His heart beats with no impulse's' ye
that of the Union, and his feet keep step with
none but "the music of the Un'on" In these
days of party strife and bitterness, when the man
is almost lo.it sight ot in the parazan, it is no or
dinary man, wiio. occupying th" responsible po
sition of the President of the United States, cai
so shape Irs political course, as t) meet the ap
probation of the entire people, arid to quiet the
raging waters of politics into a calm hushing
every discordant note. Such a man, and such a
President, was Millard Fillmore, of New York!
After the close of a term of office; which was
one of great honor to himself, and which redoun
ded greatly to the prosperity, glory and happiness
of his countrymen, he retired to the quiet of his
home, followed by the best wishes ot the entire
people, without respect to party and the meri
ted plaudit of " Well done, thou good and faithful
servant f Millard Fillmore, we believe, is the
choice of the Southern people at least. He has in
the hour of trial stod by their interests, and they
houor and are willing to reward mm for it
Should he be the nominee of the American Na
tional C invention, as we confidently hope and
believe he will, he will certainly be the next
President, and we may expect again to see an
Executive in power who will act without regard
to par v or personal considerations, only looking
to tiie I'est interests of the country, knowing "n
North no South no East no West but Ins
country, his whole country and iiothm" but hi
rountrv !" As we said before, be is the man for
the u '.o ie, an 1 as sure as he is nominated by the
National G'livontion, just so sure will lie be our
next President ! So mote it le I
Eliz. City Sentinel.
Public Sale of Residence,Land, &c
H.WING determined to change m 1 .cation,
I ill sell at Punlic Auction WITilOUT KE
Strt.V"E on Th-irsday. the l:-?h D-sceuxb-r en-uing.
it !2 'cl.)ck, my present ie.ij;nci, with 220 a
.res i; land. The Lino a !j 'inn and forms a part
..f tbn viilnae of i-'orestviit j. '5 miles North ot
'jia-i?';:';, ,va-i I .i.io! s-iutii of V. F.rcst Co lege
It is o oi t:oii kbly ili vide 1 into W'ooubtnd, that
hieii is cleared -nd in cult: v vt'i n, wirh soiae
iow jjr--uids ;:nd r uj old FirM. is particu
;r!y m I ij--! :
-es w -I . i
urciug 1 i.i i - .
aier.t'y nr.- i ' U
i vo - ours. -.-
tV.zz i a?, x t oo :.
tod in a bca .. 1 -i :
ry. and in r'.U
aoo i:; th y:o u.
i'iic k fclr.'ii !ia I
MUke tloute :;ll'i
cotton, wheat, "C , produ
It I'os ably fui- nan-
:-. r il 'tse i-j !r.-e and conve
' i:'. roo:ns brow an 1 3 a
ii-!-. i try nt I'orc'i, b-ic-k
'i ' eoaiplt-te order, situs
k ' i'-.i ur,i! o.ks aii.l hick
Dei-ut. Ttei-e is an of-fet-t,
with a chimney,
ur-j places an 1 4 room., good
Dairy witu Crib. Stables. Car-
'iaty Moa-e nul Btack Smith liop pore Spring
ami '.' cl! w;itrr, and choice tVuita, vht . theScup
pet u.. gruie.-, Vlmoutis. Honey Cherries, Ap
ples, .vc, &.C.
To uy person seeking he-dth, having children
ro e j i ate, wis'dng to combine a farm tind settle
in a 'dgliiy moral an 1 cultiv.i'ed coinmu-ity, the
above pr.iperty otfor.s umusu i) inducements. On
die suaif (iay I w'.il ji1-j sell my crops of Corn,
FJ I rand Shucks Hordes Cattle Household
nici K.iehen Furniture, embracing Fo.itber Lieds
.nd i J tends, Mat trusses, bureaus, Sideboards,
Clia:r-, So i. Piano, &c 1 li inuche aud harness,
i Bu;:y an 1 harness, 1 horse Wagon and gear.
Farm tools. &c, c.
Terns All sums under Ten Dollars cash ;
over. -J moutus ere lit. A C;isU payment of One
l liou an 1 Dollars will be required ou the Land.
tue i'. m nu ior m 'hrce anuu.-tl payments, each
note ; carry int rest from date. The sale will
positively cake place.
WM. M. CRENSHAW.
Forestviile, N. C, Nov 9ih, 1 ".. 90
PALMER'S PATENT LEG.
This American invention stands un
rivalled both in this country and in
Europe. It is worn by 1,200 persons,
and with most ustonisuiug success. Ia
competition With 30 other substitutes
of the best French, Euglish, and Ger
man manufacture, it received the award
ofthe okeat medal at the World's
Exhibition in Lokdon, as the 6m arti
ficial limb knotcn Iu this country it has
oeen thirty times exhibited, in com
petition with all others, at the annual
Fairs in tbe principal cities, and has,
in every instance, received the award
oi the highest or first premium. And as a crown
ii g honor, by the unanimous approval of an in
n rational courcil, the "First Premium" nly
Sdver Medal given for Limbs was awarded the
inventor, at the late New York Crystal Palace
The leg is finely ventdated, al owiug a current
cf air to pas around the stump, keeping it in a
cool and healthy condition.
Pamphlets giving fuU information sent gratis
to every applic int.
li. FRANK PALMER & Co
276 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia.
Nov. 8, '-''5 6 ir-os. M 90.
GGLDSBO ROUGH STEAM, GRIST, AND
FLOURING MILLS. The . Subscriber ha;
enlarged his establishment in Goldsboro', aud ie
now prepared to grind Wheat as Weil as Com, ou
a more euteusive scale. One Uuudrcd and Fift
Thousand Bushels of Wheat and Corn will be re
quired to keep the mills in operation for the cur
rent year, for which the highest ui;irketpriee will
be paid. The farmers of this county and the
counties along the line of the N. C. Kail Road anrf
the interior will find it to their udvautage to eali
ou or address me at the Mills before selling, and
thus build up a market in this State for their
Wheat and a manufactory of our own tlour.
Coiial-int! y . huud a fresh supply of superfine
Family Y ur, U, Hoinuiiv, Hurse teed. Crack
ed Corn .010 il u.;k.
and Corn L-i i.u.vj
Mr. Lruu A
purchase Wiwi; i"
Oikhiboro", to.
Also, Lime aud Hair. Wheal
t- ;i.
"i i'.fiieigh, is autb -.riied to
the above mills.
D. L. J UK 3ANK.
Lipitt's Specific
Fo.. iilB CURE OF -Dysentery,
Diarrhaa. aud Summer Complaints.
WILMINGTON, N. C. Feb. 1, 1855.
MR. W. H LippiTT. Dear Sir : Without any
suggestion or solicitation whatever on your
part, I take pleasure hi adding my testimony to the
efficacy of y jur Specific for tbe cure of Dysentery
and kindred complaints, tiavhfg been for thre
years afflicted with a disease of this character, and
emptoj ei the services of three of the best physi
ciausinthis place, with hut alight advantage . 1
was induced to try your medioine, aod after loilow
ing the prescriptions and taking several bottles
am now perfecly restored. 1 believe your Specific
to be a most excellent and valuable medicine, and
feel no hesitation in recommending it to the pub
lie. So far from being a nostrum, as too many oi
the popular medicines of the day ere, I believe it
superior, for the cure of the disease indicated a
bove, to any other medicine,
I am truly youra, . M. BRYAN
Prepared and so:d. wholesale aad retail by W
H. Lippitt, Druggist and Chemist, Wilmington
N. C, WUhams it Haywood, Raleigh, and bv
Druggists generally. '
June, 1855. - jo
V' 'qF F AND 1- Tne Ne- Purchase, or
V "''. ycirs- in the far Weat, by Robert
afh, Esq. . - -llofitcr
bp".; "by DeQ iincey
Srir of "Hiawatha, by Lotgellow.
Hoary Head aud Mclor,ner "by Abbott.
"trabo -by .Hamilton i F ilcon;r
. Memoirs of Catharine, of RasaU, an 1 her Suc
cessors. -
-TeverVao, by Gcorjre Sjnd.
Glen wood; or the i'lrisii Pov.
Representative ..onion: FrJj'n Eve. the Wife of
:he First, t M-iry, the mother ef the second Ad
im, by Baldwin. -
Memoirs of Henry the Eighth of England, and
lis six wies, by Ht-rLeit.
The Plnnter's Victim, or incidents of American
Slavery, with illustrations.
Wlker's Manly Exercises : containing Row
ing. Sailing, Riding, Driving, Fencing, Hunting
ind Scooting, illustrate!
Gray' Elegv. illustrated
Lives of the Queens of England of the House of
Hanover, by Dr. D. Doran.
Memoirs of Dr Sampson, late President ofthe
Uaiou Theological Seminary
Wheeler's hiaiory of North Carolina, illustra
ted. The Arch Bishop, of Romanism in the United
States. ByrviIleS Bclisle, i lustrated.
The American Cottage Cookery Book, or House
ieejjing made easy.
The Prince of Peace, or Truths for Young Dis--iples,
by a lady.
The Land of the Forum and the Vatican ; or
thoughts and Sketches, during an Easter Pilgrim
age to Rome.
Foot's sketches ef Virginia, 2d Seriea.
What is Presbyteiiauism, by the Rev. Dr.
Hodge.
The moral aud Iutellectual diversity of Races,
by Natt & Hata
The little Episcopalian, or the Child taught by
the Prayer Book.
Sermons y the Rev Robert South, D. D.
The Six Dajs of Creation ; a ories of Familiar
Letters from a father to his children.
Dairy and correspondence of Samuel Fepya.
John Clifford, by a Lady,
Dairy aiid correspondence of Jehu Evelyn,
R. S.
Historical and Descriptive Sketches ot Norfolk
and Vicinity. Itinerated by W. S. Forrest
The poetry and mystery of Dreams, by Charles
G. Coffand.
Gerstaker's Travels
The Mystorious Story-Book ; or, the Good
Stop-Mother.
rut of ebt. out of Dangei'. By "Cousin Alice,
Lilly. A Novel. By the Auther of The Bu
sy Moments of An Idle Woman.
Mexico and its Religion. By R. A. Wilson.
Modern Pdgrinn, showing the Improvement!
in Travel, and the Newest Metnod of Reaching
the Celestial City. Hy George Wood, author of
" Peter Schliuiel in America "
The Works of Charles Lamb, with a sketch of
his Life', and final Memorials. By Sir Thomas
Noon Ta'if iur.l.
The GreAt Iron Wheel.
Humbo dt's Travels and Researches, Illustra
ted. Palestine and tbe Holy Land. By Bishop Rus
sell, Tllustated.
Tbe African Continent A Narative of Disco
very and Adventure. By Hugh Murray.
The Folar Seas and Regious. By Sir John
Lesbe, Illustrated.
Tbe Northern Coast of America. .' By P. F.
Titler, illustrated.
Circumnavigation of the Globe,, and Progress
of Discovery, in the Pacific Ocean, from the Voy
age of Magellan to the Death of Capt. Cook, Il
lustrated. Po'ync.--:n. a History of the South Sea Islands,
inducing Ntw Zea'nnd, with Naratives of the In
troduction of Christianity, illustrated.
The Widow Bedctt Papers with Picters to
match.
For sale bv
HKNRY D. TU1NE.
North Carolina Bookstore
No 1. Fayettville St.
Raleigh, Dee. 1 8S5 nlOO -tf
I f f ff Copies Sold! Llotd's Great
J)A)) Stkajcbovt Wobk will be
ready on or about the tweuty-f jurth of October.
Contents:
3rst Application of Steam,
fe of John Fitch Engraving of his first Boat.
Life of Robert Fultou Engraving of his first A-
mericau Boat on thu Hudson River.
Rob't Fultoa aiid Livingston's first Ohio River
Boat Correct Likeness Full Particulars.
Latrobe's First Boat.
First Explosion on the Western Waters, from an
Eye Witness.
M.ips ofthe Western Waters ; Cities and Distances
laid down corrictly.
List of Steamboat Explosions since '812: Names
of Ki-led flad Wounded; List of Steamboats now
afloat. Correct views of Pittsburg, Wheeling,
Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis and New Or
leans, in 1856 ; Sketch of each place ; Popula
tion, Business. $c. &c.
Fast Time of Bouts on the Ohio and Mississippi
Rivers.
List of Steamboat Ofiicers on the Western Waters.
The New -teauiboatLaw With Comments Life
Boats.
Disasters on the Lakes Names of Lost, Killed
and Wounded.
The High Water in 1810 1R32, 1347.
List of Plantations On Mississippi River.
Important United States S apreme Court Steamboat
Decisions. -
Three hundred pages, with one hundred engrav
ings, handsomely bound. By remitting One Dol
lar, (post-paid.) you will receive a copy of the
above Work
Orders from the trade solicited, and agents
wanted in every town and oity to canvass for the
work.
Address JS. T. LLOYD fc CO.,
Post Office Buildings, Cincinnati, 0.
Oct. 3d, 1835. bO Uan.1.
Oxford Female College.
THE next session will commence on the hrst
Monday ia January 1855, and close on tne last
Thursday in May.
BATES TCITION (PAVABLS OKI HALF IU ADVAMCS.)
For Reading, Writing, with the first rudiments
of English Grammar, and Geographv. 10 00
English Grammar, Geography and Arithmetic, 1 2, 60
r or any miug tugner, 15,00
For the College Classes, (without any extra
chnrge for the Languages,) 20,00
Extra Expenses.
Music on Piau6, . ; - 20 00
Use of Instrument, . 3 no
The same on Guitar,'
Drawing aod Painting, 12,00
Oil Painting... 15 00
Needle H o.K, 6,00
Board per month, 8 00
Washing per month, c 1 00
Musical Soirees will be given daring each term.
T. T. G RANDY, See. ofthe Board of Trustees.
Dec. 'JL2. IHfvl .
)08-y
T
. Agency Washington City.
JENNINGS PIGOIT aud JNO. W. HANCOCK
(late of North Carolina.)
V7IbL prosecute claims of every description
T Y .' before Congreas, the several Executive De
partments and Public Oifioea. Particular atten
tion will be given to Claims for PENSIONS and
BOUNTY LAND. , ,
Mr, PIGOTT-will practice in the Sunreme
Court ofthe United States, and tiie several Courts
of the District of Columbia Address Pioott &
HaxcoCK, Washington, D. C. .
Feb. 6, l5d. , nwiy.
" r ; CARD TO MY PATRONS. "
CONTEMPLATING a change in our business
" st January, 1&06, renders it actually neces
sary fr ui to urgajht; payment of all notes and
accounts due' n..; To grant indulgence beyond
that time will .be altogether inconsistent wuii ar
rangement already made, and our friends wlio
are indebted to us wilt eonier a great favor by
coming' forward at once aud settling their notes
and accounts now due.
y , .. , E..L. HARDING.
; NovVV. 136. " M
GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS Just open
ed. 10 doxen DJoin villa Ties, fancy and
piain ; SO dozen English Cotton Hose ; 10 dozen
rey mixed Merino; 12 dozen superior Sak ;
l i dozen Kid Qlovsa, &. M. L. HARDIN U.
Oct 4, '6$; W)