ORIGINAL' POETRY.
For the Southern Weekly Post.
TO B
Pen fails, indeed, thy beauty to define.
When first I saw thee, rosy as the morn :
Thou seemedst a being, whom 't were often mine
To see in dreams, bat ne'er to know it born.
When first thine eye its soft expression lent
To wake the love which slept within my heart ;
The weary moment as the hour was spent, '
Fraught with the joy I Iong'd but to impart.
Joy, did I say, those weary moments crown'd,
Yes, joy k was, butonlyjoy to me!
And weary still those moments had I found,
Because thatjoy I conld not share with thee.
But blindly trusting to the work of chance,
To which so many trust too oft in vain,
We; met, we talk'd, which served but to enhance
Charms, which I'd dreamed of o'er and o'er again.
Thy soft eye, speaking what thy lip reveal'd,
, Thy mouth, fit portico of thoughts like thine,
And placid brow which to they heart did yield,
All blended seemed to make a faee divine.
Fastidious Nature spoke in thee desire
To show how perfect human form could be;
And in the lifeless clay God did inspire
A soul, fit heir of immortality, i B.
Chapel Hill, Jan. 22, 1854. .
CONTRIBIMOHS.
METROPOLITAN CORRESPONDENCE.
LETTER XXXII."
New York, Jan. 30tb, 1854.
Religious Liberty Great Meeting at the Tabernacle
'Resolution in favor of Universal Liberty- of
Conscieftceopeeches, facts and Letters J?npor
tance of the Subject " Hot Corn " Battle of
Opinions--Character of the Book A Panorama of
vice lhe Danger of such Lxhiaitwns to the
1 ouun lhe I-seudo Philanthropy of the million-
Th'eatrical Morals and Sympathy Little, Brown,
& Co.'s Complete Library of Standard British
; Poets Mr. Simms' Partisan Xovels.
Mv Deau Post :-It cannot have escaped the
notice of observant men that the principles oT re
ligious liberty have taken deep root in our land,
and are already diffuse.' among the masses of our
intelligent population. The dogma of despotism
that a civil government lias anywhere the right to
prescribe the form or object of a man's worship, is
beginning to look as odious as it really is, and men
are bejnnniiisr to sec and to feel that "liberty of
conscience is the most precious of all God's earth
ly gifts to his .creatures. I am n to this strain of
observation' by the recurrence to niy memory at
this moment, of a great and enthusiastic assem
blage at the Broadway Tabernacle on Thursday
night last convoked for the purpose of promoting
the sacredcaue-of Religious freedom throughout
; the world. I shall not attempt a detailed report
of the proceedings of that Convention ; but it can
hardly fail to interest your readers if I take a com
prehensive glance at their nature and object. The
mpptirur was called hv men who are amon? the
o -j . o
foremost in all great philanthropic and evangelical
momvements and whose large-handed charities
entitle them to universal regard.
A set of resolutions was reported, declaring it to
be the duty of our government to protect our citi
zens, cither residing or travelling in foreigu lands,
religious liberty "which, it accords to all people.
The resolutions further approved of the noble ef
forts, in this cause, of Mr. Cass and of Mr. Under
wood in the U. S. Senate at the last Session of
Congress, and call for petitions from all quarters to
Congress in furtherance of the great measure. They
express approbation of the course adopted by our
Government in the case of the Rev. Dr. King, an
American missionary in Greece, who has been there
subjected to indignities and iiijus ice. They declare
also that the tithe is conij for christian govern
ments to unite in wise b tit determined efforts to
procure the universal recognition of the law of Re
ligious Toleration ; and finally deplore the existence
of intolerance in all countries where jt prevails, as
44 disgraceful to Christianity, and revolting to Hu
manity." .
In support 'Of these resolutions eloquent speeches
were made ; interesting facts bearing directly upon
the question were stated, and le ters from distin
guished .men, unable to be present, were read. 'It
is quite unnecessary for me to say that the testi
mony of all these was accordant; for where, in the
whole arsenal of logic, could arguments be found
to oppose so plain a dictate of common sense, and
so important a principle of human rights as that
for which they, contend I
The spirit of the nineteenth century, happily il
luminated b' the light of a Divine Revelation, and
animated bv the benevolence of the Christian Dis
pensation, demands liberty of conscience unre
strained and universal. To this end all things are
'tending. Hoary despotism, leagued with pamper
ed and cruel hierarchies, or with sensual and de
grading systems of idolatry, may rise up against the
blessed principle, but it will spread and prevail in
spite of them all. 44 Why do the heathen rage?''
Their wrath may retard the speed of ; religious lib
ertybut it cannot ultimately prevent it.
h I rejoice, sincerely, in this movement, this spirit
' ual crusade against the bondage of the soul. I
desire not that it shall be, like the crusades of old
one of sword and blood. Rather let it be one of
! prudent, patient but persistent opposition to all law
.i that seeks to enslave the conscience and the soul.
Am I too confident in challenging for this crusade
the sympathies and co-operation of your readers ?
I cannot think so. ,
There is quite a difference of opinion among pur
newspaper crit'es, as to the moral character of a
book which just nOw supersedes even Uncle Tom's
Cabin, in the esteem of 44 the million." I refer to
r" Solon Robinson's 44 Hot Corn." This, curious title
b applied to a thick volume containing sketches of
low life in New York. These sketches were con
tributed originally to the New York Tribune, and
that journal earnestly and confidently endorsed
both their fidelity and morality; The book appear
ed some two months agd, and has sold like "hot
corn I had almost said 44 like hot cakes." At
: first it was everywhere hailed as a sort of moral
Evangel, and the religious newspapers everywhere
called it 44 blessed " a judgment extensively echo
ed by the secular press. Clergymen and philan
i thropists lent their approbation, and the book was
in great demand. Very recently some of our lead
ing metropolitan journals have denounced jit with
1 unsparing censure declaring it to be an immoral
! book -not a whit supe ior to the sulphurous-hued
pamphlets of the French fueilletonists So say the
Courier, the Express, and it may be other journals.
I have beard that even the Herald, of Saturday,
lifted its voice in the censure of the book ; but if
this be true, the public will certainly conclude that
the book must be a good one.
The contrariety of sentiment regarding the book
induced me to read it, that I might speak advised
ly when asked for my opinion of its true character.
This very morning an exc nt friend of mine, in
the book trade, asked me if he could conscientiously
sell the work, and I was unable to reply; but I im
mediately obtained a copy, and have since perused
it attentively from beginning to end. The book is
undoubtedly virtuous in its intention, but vicious
in many of its details. By this language, I intend
to convey the idea, that while the author was evi
dently moved by a genuine and warm-hearted phi
lanthropy to explore the haunts-of vice and prosti
tution in this met o'is. and then to affect the
public mind by pictures of the misery and shame
which he discovered he has drawn these pictures
in such hideous outlines, and colored them with
such revolting tints, that their fjightful deformity
and corruption shock the pure mind and supply
food and stimulus to already depraved imagina
tions. The poet has wisely said
" Vice is a monster of such hideous mien,
As to be hated needs but to be seen ; J
But seen too oft familiar with its face
. We first endure, then pity then embrace."
In these sketches I fear vice is " seen too oft."
The book is a panorama of iniquity, and for my
part, I think it unwise to exhibit such pictures to
the young. For this very reason, I cannot think
that this book is suitable for the family. Its tab
leaux of debauchery are alternated with pictures
less vile and far nioresady hut the impression which
it must inevitably leave upon a delicate and un cor
rupted mind would be any thing but a beneficial
one. If it did not contaminate it would shocking:
ly and needlessly revolt the moral sense.
Such details of vice as th which Mr. Robinson
has exhibited in his 1ook, are properly ma le to the
eyes and ears of men commissioned' to examine in
to such matters. They should be- known to the
ministers of God and to philanthropists, but to our
pure-hearted daughters, and to our. iMst'specting
sons never ! never ! , ,
I can heartily sympathize with good,"U:cle
Solon 1' in his benevolent intentions and desires;
but I cannot conscientiously pronounce his 44 Hot
Corn " fit aliment for the youth-wftmrountry.
The million " are very' easily led away by a
spirit of pseudo-philanthropy. It isquite an easy
matter here as in all great cities to unite the
.masses in support of spectacles or books which ap
peal to the vague moral consciousness of the mul
titude. Hence it is that tens of thousands go to
our low theatres to witness the dramas of 44 Uncle
Tom " and 44 Little Knty the Hot Corn Girl." They
"shed abundant tears over the maudlin woes of the
representatives of Uncle Tom, Iiittle Eva and Little
Katy, and these briny effusions are regarded as ev
idences of the popu a'r love of virtue and its equal
hatred of vice. The misfortune is that ninety-nine
in one hundred of those sympathetic souls that melt
away in Bowery or Chatham theatres ovpr these
real and toaching instances of suffering which they
may see about their daily paths." The inference
is that the symyathy of the theatre is literally 44 all
irrmy eye !" ; - .
Let me cordially commend to the notice and fa
vor of your readers thie literary enterprize of Messrs.
Little, Brown & Co.,! of Boston, in. publishing a .
complete library of the Standard British poets, in
most desirable form,! and at a pries so low as to
bring it within the reach of all classes of readers.
I may have mentioned this in a previous letter, but
it will bear repetition for it is not an ordinary un
dertaking. Twenty-one volumes have already ap
peared embracing Milton, Cowper, Prior, Pope,
Thomson, Butler, Swift, Gray, Goldsmith and Col
lins. To each collection of poems is prefixed a
well-written and comprehensive memoir of the au
thor, so that it will b a biogaphical as well as a
poetical library. As, I have already said, the form
of this series is most; desirable. The typographic,
execution is faultless, and the price only seventy
five cents a volume. It is incompar ii ly the best
edition of the British poets ever offered to the pub
lic and should be overlooked by none collecting a
library. a
In' my last letter I had some thing to say of the
poeticapworks of Mr Simms. A new and elegant
edition of his popular novel of " The Partisan " has
just been issued by Redfield of this city, who an
nounces to follow speedily the novels of 44 Milli
ch ainpe " and 44 Ivatlleriue Walton." These three
tales constitute the series to which jl have applied
the title of the first the Partisan novels. They
are remarkable for their historical fidelity and for.
their exceedingly picturesque views of military and
social life in South Carolina during the Revolution.
In his descriptions of the novel and extraordinary
swamp warfare of Carolina, and in his delineations
of character, as developed and exhibited in the
progress of the conflict, Mr. Sirams displays the
power of a master, ffeis perhaps the best story
teller in this country! I have put the last sentence
into italics, because l' think the critics especially
of the North have faib-d to recognize, or at least
to acknowledge his superiority in this regard. The
new edition of 44 The' Partisan " has undergone a
thorough revision atithe hands of the author. But
I have exhausted my space, and must somewhat
abruptly conclude with the usual sign-manual of
! - COSMOS. .
; For the Southern Weekly Post.
SOLUTION. j
Mr. Post. Please acknowledge the following
solution to the Miscellaneous Enigma in your last
issue :
I, 12, 6, Sol one of the names of Apollo.
2, 3, 10, Iris Goddess of the Rainbow.
3, 5, 13, Bat A troublesome animal.
4, 5, 7, 8, 3, 6, 12, 12, Waterloo Noted for the
defeat of Napoleon. j
5j 3, 5, 6, Aral A Sea in Asia. '.
6, 8, It, 10 One of the Signs of theZodiac
7, 5, 9, Tar A river in North Carolina.
8, 9, 5, 14, 12, Erait One of the Muses.
9, 2, 12, 13, Riot What most people are too fond
.of. -a
10, 5, 6, 7, 5, SaltaA town in Buenos Ayres.
II, 2, 3, 11, 8. Circe A skillful sorceress.
12, 5,14, Oat A kind of grain.. I
3, 12, TV A preposition. j
14, 12, 12, 6, Tool An instrument
The whole is Sir , Walter Scott, a celebrated
.novelist and poet.
P. H. B.
Norfolk, Jan. 1, 1854-
MISCELLAHEOiiS.
BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY.
We copy from the Minutes of the Meeting of the
Boston Society of Natural History the "Boston
Traveller" the following account of the Geology, &c,
of certain portions of North Carolina :-
Dr. Charles T. Jackson exhibited a series of
specimens" illustrating the economic geology of
North Carolina, and of p.rtions'of Georgia and
Tennessee, and made some remarks upon them.
The districts described by him were
1st. That of Deep River, in Chatham and Moore
Counties, where a most interesting coal field of the
oolitic or liassic period exists, and appears to be
parallel to, if not a continuation of the coal forma
tion of the same geological epoch, near Richmond,
Virginia. The coal of Deep River is of the roost
bituminous variety of coking and gas-making coal,
highly desirable for the use of gas-works in the
cities of the Atlantic coast! Specimens of the coal.
and of the fossil plants and shells characteristic of
this cpal field, were exhibited : p
1st. A beautiful and delicately formed plant, not
yet recognized or described, found jn'the si; a'es ac
companying the grindstone grit ofi.tbe lower part
of the basin, obtained near Jor?-Mills by Dr.
Scott, of Raleigh. . r
2d. Zamites ; foliage, from the shales higher up
in the series. '
3d. Shells, of the genus Possidonia probably.
(P. mya and P. minuta.)
Specimens of the bituminous coal from the Gulf
of Deep River. '
Dr. Jackson a'so d crib?d numerous black and
brilliant rhomboidal scales of fishes, .which proba
bly bl g to the genus Catopterus of Redtield,
and abound in the fire clays and shales, immediate
ly contig i: us to the coal. No dorsal spine or tail
of this fish has yet been discovered at this locality,
so as to enable the ichthyologist to pronounce with
certainty on the genus. '
Teeth and the caprolites of sauroid. fishes, and
of, saurian reptiles, have been found in great abun
dance in the sh i es and fire clays of this coal field.
Dr. McC e han has al o found the ribs of sau
rian reptiles, an 1 some curious forms resembling
Cheloni i s, but d stitute of-bony structure, so as
to leave it doubtful whether they are real fossils or
only imitative forms. -. " -
Dr Ja.kson described the order of succession f
the rocks of this coal field as follows, beginning"
with-the luweimost rocks of the series and ascend-
1st. A coarse conglomerate, or mill stone, rest
ing uncomformably upon talcose slate rocks, which
dip to the Northwe-i-ard, while the conglomerate
dips to the Southeastward.
2d. A fine grained gray sandstone, called grind
stone grit, containing beds of slate or shale, filled
with fossil plants.
3d. A thick bed of shale.
4th. Beds of fine clay, with Sails of iron ore,
(argillaceous carbonate of iron.)
5th. Coal. (
Gib. Parting shales.
and shales, repeated several times.
The strata on the North side of Deep River dip
generally to the Southeastward, at angles of 20,
30, and rarely 45 degrees the prevailing dip be
ing about 20 or 25 degrees. On the South side
of the river the strata re on the Mclver and
Wicker estates, and there present a broken out
crop, on one side dipp ng to the Northwest, and
on the other to the Southeastward.
From extensive borii gs with the Artesian auger,
it. has been ascertain d that the strat in the plain
of Egypt plantation are quke horizontal, so that
the coal bed is there found at the depth of 361
feet, and may be extracted by mining operations
in a larger area, by means of gangways and cham
bers, j!
The extent of the out crop, as shown by numer
ous pits, is sixteen miles. The high dip of 20 de
grees in the margin ceases at a moderate depth, so
that in less than a half mile from the out crop, the
strata are horizontal. This, with the convero-ence
of the lines of dip, at both extremities of the coal
field, indicate that the coal is in the usual form of
a long, trough-shaped basin ; but thus far, the
Southern out crop of the coal has not been dis
covered. Indeed the character of the stratifica
tion, is such that it may be long b f re the coal is
found on the Southeastern side of the basin, since
the strata run so far horizontally in that direction,
and have numerous flexures, or bends, so that af
ter nearing the surface, it may plunge again to a
depth.
On analyzing the coal raised by the Artesian
auger, at Egypt plantation, it was found that. the'
pure coal without regarding the earthy matters
mixed with the borings, or the ashes of the coal
contained 41 4-10 per cent of gas making bitunien,
and 58,C of solid carbon, or coke. It is not prob
able that there will be more than about 5 per cent
of ashes in the solid coal. When shafts are sunk
and gangways opened in this coal field, the;e can
be no doubt that good gas coal will be obtained in
abundance. The bed perforated by the auer is
five feet in thickness, and the beds opened in the
neighborhood, at the Farmvil!e locality, deducting
a thin layer of parting shale, are seven feet thick.
We have yet to wait for the opening of slack wa
ter navigation of Deep River, before this coal can
be brought to' market. This, it is hoped, will be
done early next Spring. . Several coal companies
are making preparations to work their mines, and
have had the coal proved to be good by trial at the
Williamsburg Gas Works in New York.
Dr. Jackson presented to the Society a copy of
his Report on the Deep River Coal Mines, to which
he referred for detailed descriptions of each locali
ty. He also presented a copy of his Report on the
Noith Carolina Copper Mines.
Specimens of the black oxide of copper, from the
newly opened mines of Polk County, Tennessee,
were also exhibited and the mines were described.
This singular deposit of black copper ore occurs
in three large veins, included mostly between the
strata of mica slate rocks, haviDg a Northeasterly
and Southwesterly direction.
The black oxide of copper jaries in width from
a foot to twenty or thirty feet, and its depth from
the surface is about ninety feet. There is every
reason to believe that this ore was produced by the
decomposition of a mixture of copper and iron
pyrites, which form the floor of the deposit 'Spe
cimens of this ore, having a scoriaform appearance,
like the laras and scorias of volcanoes, were obtain
ed ' from the Tennessee; Hi Wassee and Cherokee
mines. .
By assaying cargo sampler it was found that
the Tennessee ore yielded 26 6-10 per cent of cop
per, and the Hiwassee 22 8-10 per cent ; but spe
cimens may be obtained which contain from 40 to
50 per cent.
The quantity of ore sent to market from these
mines' may be judged of by the fact that no less
than 150 wagons are constantly employed in the
transportation of it to Dalton, the nearest point
where the railroad approaches the mines. Several
powerful Companies are now actively at work, de
veloping the copper mines of East Tennessee, and
there can be no doubt that a very large supply of
COOnpr will bo nhtninorl
Dr. Jackson referred the Society to his forth- 1
coming Reports for further details concerning these
mines.
He had also examined the gold mines of Lump
kin County, Ge rgiH, which are about to be open
ed extensively. The most remarkable ueologieal
feature in this region is the great depth to which
the talcose slate rocks are decomposed. The strata
stand at an angle of from 70 to. 75 degrees from
the horizon', and the atmospheric waier, and other
decomposing agencies have operated upon the
rocks to the depth of more than 80 feet, so that the
rocks may actually be dug away by the pickaxe
and shovel to that depth. The gold is contained
mixed with brown oxide of iron in this rock, and
has heretofore been washed out after the rude Cal
ifornian method, the coarser gold only being saved.
The Company now or nized intend to establish
extensive and good gold mills, so as to save the
finer gold, and t wo k large quantities of the ore,
or decomposed rock.
Specimens of gold-bearing rocks of several North
Carolina mines were also exhibited, and the most
important mines were described : namely, the Mc
Culloch, Gold Hill, Copps, and Union County gold
mines, all of which are of great value, and will give
ample returns to 'the enterprising Companies that,
have op t ed ti em.
There are several of the old gold mines in North
Carolina ro re-opened for copper, and they give
promise of proving more valuable for that metal
than they ever were for gold.. Among those now
about to send copper ores to market is the McGinn
Mine, near Charlotte, in Mecklenburg County.
Some other similar mines are already in process of
being opened, and promise well.
Dr. Jackson ste vhibit two'specimens of crys
talized tabular, quart,z, from Rutherford County, N.
C, which contain -d considerable quantities of wa
ter within them. He proposed breaking open one
of them for the purpo e of analyzing the water, to
ascertain if it ) ta -d any silex in solution. The
drusy or crystalline nature of the interior of speci
mens like those which he had seen broken open in
Dr. Andrews's cabinet in Charlotte, seemed to
prove that they were once fill d with a solution of
silica, which had cryst: lized upon the insides of the
cavities.
wianu xidrttE-Tv- r iSSAv'AL. -"Abo uT one. thous-
and ladie and gentlemen sat down to a grand
Isrealite banquet in Niblo's, on I ursday eve ng,
to celebrate the laying of the corner-stone of the
Hebrew Hospital, now erecting in twenty-eighth
street. The ba iqi et was a splendid one. Among
those present were many Gentiles of prominence.
The company sat down to the tables, which were
loaded with teni ting eatables of every kind, at
about -5, p. m., when several speeches were made,
and numerous toasts drunk. After the cloth had
been remove1, the i n dent, Sampson Simpson,
stated that the n-w Hospital would cost 1 8,000,
and that they required $10,000 to finish paying
for it. After an earnest appeal to the liberality of
the company present, over $10,000 were contribut
ed. About 10 o'clock the company retired to the
hall room, where they enjoyed themselves till a late
hour.
A Good Way of Hearing from Home. A
young man in California, whose friends had not re
'raembered him as he thought they ought, adopted
the lollowing expedients: He sat down and wrote
some half dozen letters to different pt i sons at home,
inquiring the price of land and stock ; what he could
buy a handsome farm of 200 or 300 acres for, fee,
intimating, that he had la ge sums to invest, and
was very rich generally. By return mail he recei
ved no less than seven letters, all an.vouly inquir
ng after, his health, wh'e he was coming, &c, and
has received three or four every mail since, includ
ing some very warai ones from an old and very cold
sweetheart. . -
Monkey Skin Gloves. Of the many animal
who contribute to a dandy's dr -s, (in the materi
als of which the several portions are made,) we
find that he is indebted to the monkey for the po
litest portion, the " French kid glove." T ic man
ufacture of this article dejx n Is now on the monkey
skins brought from South America, which are so
much more pliable than the old material as the
monkey is more agile than the kid. As it is im
polite to offer an ungloved hand to a lady, it ap
pears, therefore, that she is more honored with the
touch of a monkey's skin than a man's. We see
by the papers that 'there is one hunter who kills
three thousand monkeys a year, selling their skins
to the French dealers for from twenty to forty cents
each.
- Never Interfere. The danger of interfering
when an amiable married couple are quarrelling
is aptly illustrated by an occurrence which trans
pired a few days since near Fayetteville, N. C, re
sulting in the death of Joseph Edwards. A man
named Jonathan Baker was whipping his wife,
when Edwards, at her request, interfered. Baker
immediately seized an axe and struck him a blow
which caused his death soon after. The murderer
is in jail. -
The oldest man married in Massachusetts last
year was 16 years old. Two brides were 80 each.
The youngest girl who blushed and said yes to the
question whether or not she would "love, honor
and obey " a husband, had seen the roses of only
14 summers bloom, while the youngest boy whose
marriage is recorded in the tables was 18.
Cowardice consists, not in having fear, but in
yielding to it. In well-ordered minds, fear is the
sentinel that wakes up courage.
THE
0ura Wittb
RALEIGH, FEB. 4, 1854.
EDITED BY
CALVIN H. WILEY, WILLIAM D. COOKE,
LYTTELTON WADDELL, Jr.
Terms TWO DOLLARS PER ANJSiUJff, in Advance.
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" Editors of the Southern Weekly Post, Raleigh, N. O. Busi
ness letters, notices, advertisements, remittances, &c, tec.
should be addressed to W. D. Cooke.
9Cr Postmasters are authorized to act as Agents tonne
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of Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.
THE POPE'S LETTEE-
We took occasion in the last number of this
paper, to express our cordial disapprobation of
those vulgar methods' which have been employed
by certain classes of our - population to manifest
their dislike for the Pope's nuncio. Since that
time this notorious personage has paid a visit to
Washington, for the purpose of claiming, at the
hands of our government, a recognition of his offi
cial dignity. This means of protection has now
been granted him, on account of a letter from his
Holiness to the President, conveyed by him, and
transmitted to Washington in July, and also of a
letter from the Pope's minister for foreign affairs
to Mr. Marcy. The recognition of our government,
and the nearly unanimous utterance of the Senate
condemning the late disgraceful disturbances,ought,
we think, to satisfy the Archbishop of ihebes, and
his master at Rome, that the spirit of our govern
ment is by no means unfriendly to that of the Ro
man States. They ought to know and acknow
ledge that, in our national capacity, we have now
gone quite as far in diplomatic courtesy, as tne
character of our institutions would allow.
We are very well satisfied with the action of
the Administration and the Senate, in regard to
the Pope's representa'ive, and hope that hereafter
our government will manifest a promptitude in de
fending the rights and persons of American mis
sionaries abroad, equal to that which they have
now shown in favor of this distinguished missiona
ry of the head of the Catholic Church.
But whilst we desire to be understood as ap
prpving of the action of the government in this
particular case, we must at the same time, declare
that we very profoundly dislike the kind of diplo
matic relation which his Holiness seems disposed
to establish with the United States. We gather
several things from the pontifical letter, which sug
gest the necessity of great caution on the part of
our authorities, in regard to the terms of that di-
plomacv which has now commenced. In the first
place it will be observed, that neither the Pope nor
his minister, in either of their letters, mentions or
alludes to the temporal sovereignty of the former.
It is the Apostolic See, as an ecclesiastical Jfower,
that has commissioned Bedim to. the Murt of xSra
zil and made hint bearer of a letter relating to ec
clesiastical affairs, to the President of the United
States. " We take it for granted," says his Holi-
we doubt but that the aforesaid venerable brother
a man eminently distinguished for the sterling
qualities of mind and heart which characterize
him will be kindly received by your Excellency.
And inasmuch as we have been entrusted by divine
commission with the care of the Lord's flock
throughout the world, we cannot allow this oppor
tunity to pass without earnestly entreating you to
extend your protection to the Catholics inhabiting
those regions, and to shield them at all times with
your power and authority."
It will be noticed that it is in his capacity
of a divinely commissioned ruler of the Catholic
Church, that (he Pope makes th se advances to
our government, and while the first object of his
letter, is to secure certain governmental attentions
to his ecclesiastical representative, the second obvi
ously is to urge upon the President to protect his
own spiritual subjects residing in this country, from
whatever country they may come. We think it
manifest to any candid reader of the letter, that it
had no reference whatever to the temporalities of
the Roman States. This, then, is the ground of our
remark,, that caution is necessary on the part of
our government as to the terms jn which it may
correspond with such a nondescript power as that
of the Roman See. The temporal sovereign of
the Papal States, is certainly entitled to all ordina
ry courtesy at our hands ; but we very much mis
take the sentiments of the American people if they
will tolerate a diplomatic intercourse between our
government and the Pope in his spiritual func
tions. We cannot forbear, in this connection, to notice
the assumption by the Pope, that he is divinely
commissioned to govern all Catholics throughout
the world, and that Jn regard to Catholic citizens
of the United States, the concern of the Pope for
them, is a proper subject of diplomatic coirespond
ence with our government.' Now if the laws or
the government of this country were chargeable
with failure to protect any subject of lhe Pope's
temporal authority, we. readily admit that such
language addressed to our Executive would have
been perfectly justifiable. But it seems to us very
different, when the head of a sect makes a formal
though apparently respectful entreaty, that our go
vernment, will extend its protection to any class of
our citizens. In the first place, no foreign ecclesi
astic, even though he have a. petty principality sub
ject to his despotic sway, has a right to come be
tween the government of this country and its citi
zens. He has no right to do so, because it implies,
if it does not express the assumption, that such pro
tection. has not yet been extended to the subjects
of his spiritual authority; and, moreover, it as
sumes that respect for him, as a divinely appointed
potentate, will be a more powerful motive with the
government, than the obligations of official duty,
and the dictates of common humanity. How
could the Pope "earnestly entreat" the President
to extend his protection to Irish or German Catho
lics, who are not his temporal subjects, but have be
come the free and equal citizens of this republic,
without expressing thereby his claim to be the
guardian of such of our citizens by virtue of his
ecclesiastical supremacy ? It is clear to our minds
that his Holiness expects to be allowed to corres
pond ecclesiastically with our government, and that,
for the purpose of influencing the government in
regard to the settlementof difficulties between our
Protestant and Catholic citizens. We sincerely
hope that such " foreign intervention', will be uni
formly treated, by all our administrations, with
that firmness of principle which becomes the repre
sentatives of a nation which, in its organized ca
pacity, knows no difference between Catholics and
Protestants, and recognizes no "divine right" in
any man to exercise universal sovereignty over the
Church of God. The claim . of the Pope, thus to
intervene between our government and our citizens,
is almost identjcal ,n character with lhat contend
ed for by the Russian Czar in regard to the Greek
subjects of the Sultan. It is expressed in a dif
ferent manner, but looks to the same result. Let
mast.
our eovernment and the people keen a vfcriuJ.
tmon all such incipient movements ,,f ti.: : 'J
cunning, deceitful, and dangerous power ti
l.n,n tr ttisfnrvi . la
Rpforo leavinsr the letter of his Holing ..
not- reirniii uui sj " nuiiaH-i- m A - ,
tan " savs he. "has been directed hv . j A?
41. fhi I lmlH St.nfr -, "
, - , , ,, , . ,
earneswy eutrcrttiug i" caichu your'nt,,!
tion to the catholics in those -.regions.' " -i '
language luajr uc vmn-g umj lr;UlMatir
but it is altogether in keeping with the r . . "'
difference of the European aristocrac for tlU
ograpuicai xuu powiicai icmuuu ci im
parts of this hemisphere. Many aff i an
ance of which they are not guilty, wlnl ,
amongst whom we are willing to numUr 1,
lin ss. Pius the Ninth, are nbsoluteiv in i
7 - L1JW ,l..f!
ju mo suujci, uu rertu iw im r ut. ii:or; i i-H, ;
iaea or me wnereaooms . oi ims great rifnl
Brobdignag or Lilliput. We were reallv tieti.Y
the awkward phraseology of his Huliness , L-cn'r'
ring in a letter in which he seems to express Ve
respectful and tender feelings 'towards tlu T !
.1 TT..:..l ti: . 1 .. r,,vK
aeiiL 01 wjc umtcu amies, ine lencr romi
as we would expect one to read which slw
addressed from the same quarter t,o some si
'Urine '
potentate m the moon. But this is a snial!
-r-r. TT ,- 11. l v 1
(jfft-iice.
ilts Holiness, no uouoi, aesirea to be .polite, if le
was not. He has not been long conversant wr
public affairs, and improbably better acquui
,wkh traditionary thanj with geographical h.., bet
ter skilled in the language of superstition tluij in
that of diplomacy and etiquette. '
We are by no means disposed to quarrtl witjj
our rulers at Washington, for what they hav; done.
They, doubtless, knew that the Nuncio's mission
might be construed. as a political one, and were in
duced, by the peculiar circumstances of tie case
to give him the benefit of that construction. 1;UJ
we must be permitted to express the hope that not
only entangling alliances,' but entangling r0r.
resjwndences will be cart fully avoided by evi'rv ad
ministration, as long as oar national existe
)Ce i-n-
dures.
AMERICANS ABROAD.
A jvery large and respectable meeting wfs he1.,
at the lal ernacle in New i ork last wink U
the purpose of calling the attention of our guv-
em ment to the religious rights of our citizens
abroad. The fact, bo well known, that whilst the
most unlimited freedom of worship is enjoktd is
this country by foreigners of every clime and eve
ry faith, the Protestant citizens of the Unite Statrt
are shamefully restricted in the exercise of tihf irre
ligious duties in some Catholic countries, ;j(J
solutely prohibited in others, has at last IxUiii
excite that interest which its importance Ii;i al
ways demanded. Our people are even forbidden
to bury their friends "with religious solemnities, in
several countries with which we are on trims of
amity and official understanding, and that, not
withstanding this country extends its protection
over the citizens of such nations, who visit our
shores. It is now the general impression, as well
as our own, that we owe it to our national self-respect,
to demand of other nations a deceit reci
procity in regard to religious as well as political
rights ; and the gallant manner in which Martin
Kostza, though a foreigner not yet naturalized, has
been rescued from the power, of Austria bv tin
agents of our government, ought to be taken as j
pledge that it will not be wanting in couna'us
I efforts to protect the native born citizens of the
couDtry in the exercise of their Christian duties,
wherever thev raav sojourn.
TT-taiT5-mriTng-rrowwmcn ive nave refejrred.j
very able and clear statement of the qijestiun
arid of its historical and political re au.4, as
made by Dr. Baird, and eloquent adaresse were
delivered by several distinguished geiitVtLr,.
Letters were also read from the Hon. Ed ward Et.
erett, lon. Abbott Lawrence and Hon
ry A. WT ise, all breathing the right America!
it.; The following resolution, adopted amonf
Hen-
there,
ought to make the advocates of religious iitoltr-
Ll.l 1., f i
ciuce piusn scarlet wnerever they are found.
Resolved, That this meeting declares that it equally at
hors and stigmatizes persecution and oppression fur tie sate
of : religion, whether seen in Protestant or Roman cjuholie
countries ; aDd it dqplores alike the intolerance wbkjh Mill
prevails in some Protestant countries iu Northern Birpe,
and that which exists in Austria, all Italy, excepting . n-
Die Ajngaom oi Sardinia, France, Spain, Mexico, an
other Roman Catholic countries. It considers all such"
some
into!
1 erance, wherever found, to be digraceful to christian
revolting to humanity."
v nr.a
THE WAE.
The general war so long imminent hat not'tfet
commenced. The French and English govern
ments have at last sent their c;ombine4 fleet of f'jrty
four sail, along with a Turkish squadron (f apout
twenty vessels more, into the Black Sea, an. j lie
general impression everywhere is, that this iriye-
nient must lead to actual hostilities. We iff ard
this as highly probable, but we have not entire
confidence in the sincerity of England and France,
and feel a lurking suspicion in our minds that t
X'V
sj,ill hope to be relieved from the necesitv ofhy
t-
ing, by somelalse step of the iMiltan, or soim
.ro
posed advantage by the Czar. They will
low Turkey to be destroyed now. but thev
l;ft Hi
mar
low her to be crippled rather than incur t
lie
hazards of a continental struggle.
I It is difficult to see how France ami Yp
can without a vast sacrifice of honor evade t!
ana.
ie
sHe. liut the s nwnpss with wfuc i thev pror
4
indicates a profound dread of consequences.
dolicv thev have so far adonted is anvtlnnil
lat
Napoleonic. The elJer Bonaparte would.
iavi
crushed the Russian power on the Euxin 4 ,iiS
hrst step, and played with diplomatic notfson
held of victory
CONGRESS.
there has been s little of freneral- iiitere:
t in
(ur
the proceedings of this body since the lal'- 'J
last report, that we will content ourselves at
ent with a very brief notice of its transaction--have
referred in another place to the I ;iiil
respondents and the action of the Senate-
only other subiects in which th rmfe rtwP
If
are concerned, are the Nebraska hill a"d
amendments to the Constit ilfinn tirntiosed tV
tilt
Mr.
Ewing. Mr. Douglas spoke at length on MoiJ
on tne tormer, and explained Tls provisions,
we learn from his rem irks that it is not oiil;
tended to apply the principles of the Comfn
of 1850 to that territory, but to declare that
Missouri Compromise was snsnended hv it.
he-
is-i-e
tlie
question of slavery in Nebraska will thus br tlirfc
out of Federal jurisdiction and left to tne inM
ants ot the tprntrtrv tlicmcnls T h.i nropo1
i0B
of Mr. Ewing has not yetj-eached such a dev
ment as to excite much attention. We are pf"
to notice that Mri Cass has called for the orp
pondenc relating to the persecution of Dr. Kf1?
tne American missionary in Greece.
Nrsnnti ic iKorn ?a a rrron t. ' d isftOSI tlOB
in
some quarters to preserve the public donM' r
. . . ,. , inn
all moral imouritv
tv, we would suggest ""l..,T ,
la rf the
T . xt.i .1 i.j lr r.n a'
in'
proviso 10 neorasKa, siiouiu msu ia
Dow Proviso to the same, as many of these gen
men contend that the liquor traffic is a yet a gre
evil than the slave trade. We don't see why.tbe.f.
eter
of that territory should not be,r from bot
these, (in the estimation of many) monstrous e
0!
IS-
Consistency requires that it ehould be,