North Carolina Newspapers

T H SOU T El W I, Y POST TO V. ' : t$eth made out an inch square bar of iron, traight, the lower end tapered to a point, has the upper end tapered to half an inch, with a tap ; the mortice, in the stock mtftt be cut taper ing also. It will be found very useful in sow ing turnips,' grazing lots, &c It is generally admitted to be the best plan " to plant cotton on beds, and they should be made early, and it is frequently the case, that the grass weeds come up wift the cotton, 01 a little ahead, and get the start of it. In order to ob Tiate this, run off hJ rows, make a ridge with two or more furrows, as'the distance of the rows may require, to complete the beds, just before planting. This combines the advantages of ear ly and late bedding, without the disadvantages of either, and consumes no more time. The beds should be'opened with a small scoot er, made for the purpose, so that in running round with the plows for the first time, -there will be a space not more than three or four inches wide, instead of six or eight inches, which gives nearly half of the space of the cotton row ' list in favor of the hoe hands. The seed should be covered with a wooden tooth harrow; if the ground bakes, run over the second time. ; Respectfully, . ;2 J. White Sulphur Springs. Ga., 1854. ' j A REPORT Head before the Caswell, County Agricultural . ' Society.. -,' ! At the last meeting of the Caswell County Agricultural Society it was referred to this com mittee to take into consideration, andreport thereon, the propriety of holding a Fair at Yan ceyville during the present year. j A movement of this kind, on the part f tlfe farimr an ' p'anters of this county, is so unu sual and will lead to consequences 60 important, that it caused your committee to give the mat ter a deep and thorough consideration ; after hearing the objections against and the reasons for it, they have come to the conclusion that the interest of all of our citizens would be promoted by holding a Fair at Yancey ville for the exhibi- tion of the manufactures of the machine, the skill of the artizan and the productions of the soil of our County. It is no new thing to have attention called to projected schemes for an increase of the wealth of the citizens or the development of the re-J sources of a County or State, to efforts made to minister to the luxuries, to gratify the tastes; and relieve the great human race from its necessities1, at first, a murmur of doubt or a smile of incre dulity greets the prospect of success, after a lit tle, quietly, slowly but surely, difficulties disap pear, obstacles'are overcome, the skill of science and the flowers of jrature are put under contri bution, and the result is, that the most sanguine expectations are realized ; another garment of comfort or another bowl of pleasure is placed .. before our eyes and within our reach. A few years ago and the shores of Europe were distant from our own two, three, or four months' travel, but now, by the ingenious ap plication of scientific skill to the secret powers of earth, air, fire and water, the sound of the cannon has hardly died away upon the coast of Turkey before a knowledge of the result hats filled our cities, penetrated -our mountains and spread over-the rich and broad valleys of the Mississippi inflating the price of grain, reduc ing the value of cotton changing the price of slaves and affecting every product of the soi' upon which depends our comforts or our hopes for wealth. . It may be asked how have this and other like results been" achieved ? The answer is, by the association of mind, labor and capital : no oue man has mind to devise the ways and invent the means to execute so vast a plan for improve ment; no one man has the capital necessary to develops it; and even if he possessed the mind and capital, nature having set bounds to his physical powers would force him to join the powers, of others with his own to secure success : Experience and observation have taught the cau tious and the prudent that the surest and safest way of success in any enterprise, .calculated to benefit the many, is by combining and associat ing men together and giving a common direction to their various powers. The truth of this has long been known and acted upon by the indus trious, intelligent and business part of the citi zens of the Northern State.; with them to com bine minj, labor and capital, makes no work j ; too vast, no knowledge too costly, nVgood too l remote and no prospects of good profits too dim. J Their 6oil is 'by nature poor, but combined mind and money and thorough teaching through-! papers and periodicals, taught their farmers how to make it rieh, and enable them to feed Europe, rtarving and stretching forth her hands begging for bread. The soil of Massachusetts and Rhode Island was sterile and barren compared with that of our own State stones, gravel and land were their striking features now, however, by the application of manures, a judicious mixture r of soils, they have made their lands easy of cul tivation and more productive than ours, and of :counse realizing to the farmer larger profit! than ours do. Their farmers have not hesitated in the use of mind, money and labor to obtain the learning and instruction that would enable them "V iinlt:a4 I Vt I ! nrAa ...... 1. vuimura lusu. iiuus iu buui manner as would force them to yield profitably, yet leave the soil rich and of increased value. 'It is not with them as with us, to make the cultivation of the Knd the surest and most effectual means , of destroying its value and rendering it worth- less.' '. ';-'"';-;: .- 'j "v You may ask, how is it, the Northern farmer ' so surpasses us t The answer is, by reading and stuuyiufc scientific and agricultural papers '; try ing and testing the laws and rules gleaned from them ; convening in agricultural societies and learaing the results of his neighbor's experience of new machinery, drainage and measures learning if his crops failed and the causes of it and avoiding the difficulty ; studying the soils finding out its wants, giving to it what it needs '-. and neutralizing that which injuries. The error . is not committed of thinking that there is noth ing new to them, though there may be nothing new under the sun. Let us see what such a course effects, and in order that the comparison may be a fair one, we will' take at random one of the counties of Pennsylvania, for instance Co lombia county, haying about the same number of white population and not so any acres as Caswell by some ninety thousand. According to the census of 1850, there are ia Columbia county some 1500 more children attending the common schools than Caswell, and, notwith standing there are not so many acres as in Cas well, the cash value of their land exceeds ours b"y some two millions of dollars ; the value of her farming utensils is greater by some thousand dollars. By nature our 6oil is as rich as hers yet by attending agricultural societies, observing the best modes of tilling the land; her farmers have placed their county far ahead of ours. This instance will illustrate the result that would take place upon comparing Caswell with many other Northern counties, yet she has as good climate and fine soil as are to be found any where, and above all, we regard ourselves as good farmers. - It is true that tobacco is culti vated no where so profitably ; the soil yields cam readily and abundantly, and in this portion of the country our wheat is considerably the heaviest and finest brought to market ; all this however is the result of the virgin soil, for we have not increased the value and fertility of the land in proportion to the means afforded us and the improvement of every thing around us. Why are we behind ! It cannot be that our citizens are not formed of materials capable of improving. No county in the State has a pop la;on surpassing ours in energy and intelligence. I tie misfortune is, we place too low an estimate on the labor and knowledge necessary to make a good farm ; we regard farming as a mere me chanical operation ; we never direct our atten tion to reviving the soil after we have exhausted it ; we are satisfied when we plough, sow and reap, never reflecting that the earth should be supplied with the strength of which you de prive her by reaping. The errors and negligence in farming have at tracted observation, and efforts are now being made throughout the State to call the attention of fanners to the facts and means of remedying these evils. There is now being published in the State the Farmer s Journal, edited; with much learning and ability, the object of which is to aid and instruct the farmer in all the different branches of his pursuit and is well worthy of their patronage. ' The Legislature has also lent, its aid to stim ulate and encourage the farmers to seek im provement on their present system : at its last session a law was passed giving an agricultural society in each county $50, whenever they have paid a like sum to their treasurer. Why pass such a law ? Because it was ap parent to the members of the Legislature, com ing as they did from all sections of the State, that our present system of farming was a vi cious one and required improvement. But you may. ask, why offer a bounty to a society and make that one of the means' to correct errors and mistakes? The answer is a plain one this agricultural societies have been tested in every State in the Union and have been found the readiest and surest means of overthrowing bad farming and diffusing good systems arriong the people ; to assemble them once a week to compare how each one prepared thfe soil, the different method .of sowing and gathering; the harvest, will soon point out errors and suggest causes of failure and stimulate the mind to purr sue a well digested system of farming ; each one learns from his neighbor, and. there twill rarely be found a fanner however obscure he may be, or limited his operations, but possesses some practical information, the knowledge of which will be beneficial to his neighbor or: the community. The object of the society is to open these fountains for the use and benefit of alL The present system is admitted to bei de fective ; and if the farmer remains on his plan tation, never hears the causes or inquires into the reason why his neighbor makes so many more bushels of grain to the acre than he dbes. Why his cattle" are in better condition, he will continue to follow the system that irings siiial remuneration for his labor wear out the strength of his vigorous manhood in obtaining simply a support and will' perhaps in his old age drive him to look for a living in the fresh and strong lands of the New States. j But let us hunt after and seek the most profi table and judicious method of managing a farm by reading agricultural periodicals and papers, conversing with your friends and neighbors when yon have assembled together, and an im provement in our system will soon developel it self. Why do you cure tobacco vellow instead of red as formerly? Because it commands a higher price in market ; this method has ben persued for a number of years by some of our farmers who obtained high prices for it, while others have only recently acquired the informa tion necessary to succeed in so curing it, ad have foT a number of years been loosing the dif ference in the price of the two kinds of tobacco. Had we have had a society similar to the one now formed, many farmers would doubtless have learned the art of curing tobacco vellow at' a much earlier daj; and thereby gained ma;ny hundred dollars for the county. Numerous other facts might be given to il lustrate the benefits a well organized and regu larly conducted agricultural society would confer upon the county. Not among the least of the motives railing and controlling human actions is the laudable ambition for praise or the desire to accumulate wealth: j This society should pursue a course that will offer to the farmer one or the other of these in ducements for which ever may be his aim, the result will be the attainment of the organiza tion of this society. 'The most affective method of bestowing upon the farmer a suitable and honorable reward for his progress in farming ; to hold a Fair, and offer premiums for the best cattle of all descriptions, for the finest tobacco of a given number of pounds, for superior home" manufactures, and in fact for a sample of each article that it would be to the interest of this county to encourage the production, it would offer a field for competition of a pleasant and most praise-worthy character, it would bring to gether the farmers, and place before their eyes a superior sample of all the products of Caswell to. serve as a standard to reach by good man agement on his own farm, it would stimulate those who farm well to surpass if possible what they have already accomplished, and the ex pense incurred in arranging these fairs would be laid out amongst and return to the farmers so that nothing would be lost, but much might be grained. j lour Committee are of opinion that Yancy yille presents the most suitable location for holding a feir. The lot known as the Silk Factory has been kindly and generously offered for our use by its owner; with the promise of enclosing it with a small expenditure it can be made a convenient and pleasant place for the ex hibition of the skill and industry of the county. A safe, and convenient place for cattle, as water can be obtained with little trouble. WTe are of the opinion that the cost of such a fair both in preparing the lot and payment of premiums, will not exceed three hundred dollars this sum it is proposed to raise in part by voluntary con tributions, and from the interest and zeal al ready manifested in the success of the enter prise, there can be no doubt but a sufficient sum can be raised to carry the design into suc cessful execution. Some of our largest farmers are deeply inter ested in this matter, and exhibit that kind of spirit that knows of no such thing as failurcand by a little effort and exertion this, feeling can be spread throughout the country, and our citi xens stimulated to bring their produet9 to the fair for exhibition, and enter the list for praise and premiums. The fair can be held at a sea son of the year when it will not interfere with laborers and engagements of the planters, some time in October or November, when the crops are gathered and the weather is mild and plea sant. Surely it would be a matter of no sma.l moment and consideration of our farmers at the end of the )rear to gather together, talk over the system pursued by each one in planting, the incidents of the year, the causes of a failure of the crop, and above all compare with each other their products, and. determine who has succeeded best bestow the reward when it is due. A Course like this would get up a gener ous rivalry and a friendly feeling among the farmers, a laudable strife for success, that would in a few years largely increase the wealth, and place Caswell at the head of the list of agricul tural counties. JOHN A. GRAVES, N. M. ROAN, E. P. JONES, - THOS. D. JOHNSTON, THOS. BIG ALOW, SL J. HILL. From the Ohio Farmer. HOW TO SAVE MANURE THAT WILL YIELD 100 BUSHELS OF WHEAT. n Y l. B I E R C E , Mr. Farmer : I have said a family of six persons could, by saving all the home slop that usually goes into the drain, make manure enough to produce one hundred bushels of wheat. Without, a close examination, this will appear like a wild estimate, or rather, like an assump tion reauirinsr proof. AH manures are rich, as I have heretofore j shown, in proportion to the amount of ammo nia they contain. If manures lie around the yard, and the gaseous ammonia is suffered to escape into the atmosphere, they are but little better than dry bones, or tan from which all the coloring matter has escaped, leaving only the woody fiber. It is a common, but mistaken idea that, pass ing food through the bodp, gives it a fertilizing principle. - This process only decomposes it, and tits it for the use of vegetation. A larger amount of manure, and possessing the same quantities, would be produced by rotting it in a j compost heap, where the gasses are preserved, as by passing it through the body of an animal. Generally the manure of the compost heap, is tne best ; for then all the nitrogen, which is the basis of ammonia, is preserved ; while in the ordinary way of tuffering dung to lie around the yard, it mostly escapes, thus loosing the most fertilizing portion the nitrogen contained in the food. ! All manures, I have said, are rich in propor tion to the ammonia, or nitrogen they contain. Let guano be spreadout, until the nitrogen has escaped, and it is no better than dry cow dung. That article is tested, chemically, in the market, and is valuable just in proportion to the nitro gen contained in it. A crop of clover plowed in is far better manure than a crop of straw, be cause clover contains a far greater per cent or "nitrogen. So, the manure of the hen house, is far richer than that of the hog-stye, and that of the hog-stye, far richer than that of the cow yard, because j the bugs and worms constituting the food of the fowls contain more nitrogen than does the food of hogs, and the food of hogs con tains more than hay on which cows are kept. It is not the manner, the-, in which the de composition takes place, but the constituent parts of the food that give richness, ad value to manures. Nitrogen is indigestible. In the consumption of food in the. body, about one half of the or ganic substance of it is given off by the, process of breathing, sweating, &c, through the luns, and the pores of the skin. Nitn gen remains unconsumed, and almost wholly unchanged, passing off in the urine. It is this which cives o it its peculiarly offensive smeil. By far the largest portion of nitrogen contain ed in the food passing off in the urine, we see the necessity of saving it as a part of the ma nure, if we would get the full richness of the stable, compost heap. To preserve it in the sta ble, the earth, under the floor, should be-hallowed bowl-shaped, so that all liquids can run into it. In this should be placed straw, or other lit ter, well sprinkled with lime, to aid in decom position, and plaster to detain the ammonia or nitrogen, and disinfect the heap. When it can be obtained, charcoal dust should also be liber ally used, as it has a great afBnitv for nitrogen, which it will hold in its pores for agricultural purposes. As often as this compost head becomes full, saturated, it should be removed, and a new one formed. By chemical analysis it is found that each pint of human urine will produce a pound of wheat. By adding this to the compost heap, a family of six will add twelve pounds of wheat each day, to their wealth, or,. seventy-five bush els in the year. To the heap add, in the course of the year, 50 bushels of hydrate (air slaked) of lime, and plaster to disinfect it, pour on your dish-water, your pot-liquor, your soap suds ; heap on your potato tops, your old cucumber vines, and cab bage stalks, that now disfigure your garden ; spread the whole onabout five acres, and plow it in, and you will be 100 bushels of wheat in a year, the richer for it : ORIGINAL POETRY. ' For the Southern Weekly Post. FOE ORE IN SICKNESS. In prayer most fervent, and on bended knee. Meek emblem of my heart's humility I seek that ever glorious throne above, And humbly ask for her I dearly love, j Mercy and health, O gracious God, of Thee ! Transfer in kindness all her sufferings to me, : And let my agony, and racking pains, ' And deep abasement, prove a healing spell,- j To call the roses to her cheek, and melody To that voice, whose heavenly accents dwell, Like sweetest music in my memory ; and strains, Of praise will echo from my soul until, The earth shall thank thee, that it yet contains, One heart that's pure, one lovely angel still. VT. For the Southern Weekly Post. AN ACR0STICAL ENIGMA- I am composed of 18 letters. My 1, 8, 2, 9, abounds plentifully in New Bri tian. " 2, 9, 3, is an ugly bird. " 3, 7, 8, is a vessel. " 4, 2, is a preposition. " 5,2, 3, 1, 11, is what we all like to pos sess. "6, 1, 4,. 5, 11, 7, was a Queen in olden time. 44 7, 5, "2, 8, 6, is a river in Europe. 44 8, 2, 7, 4, 5, is one of the cardinal points. -j 44 9, 2, 16, 13, is prized by the housewife. 44 10, 13, 12, is a species of the deer. 44 11, 1, 17, 6, 8, is a town in Prussia. 44 12, 6, 14, is used by every class of people. 44 13, 2, 1, 17, is what no one likes to have. 44 14, 2, 3, is a pronoun. 44 1 5, C, 4, 2, 7, was the name of a great man of ancient days. " 16, 13, 6, 8, 1, 12, is a town of Liberia. 44 17, 13, 10, 11, 15, is necessary to the pre- j . servation of health. I 44 18, 3, 7, 12, 1, is a race of men noted for j bravery. My whole is the best and cheapest Newspa per published in North Carolina. M. F. R. METROPOLITAN CORRESPONDENCE. LETTER XXXIX. Charleston, March 27, 1854. A Visit to t" Up Country" Greenville Fur man University Misnomers Female Colleges Condition aiid Prospects of Furman Universi ty Columbia and Greenville Railroad Scene ry near Greenville The Mansion House Re turn to Columbia Janney again Sight Trip to Charleston .Morning and Marketing Green ' Peas and their Significance Where I put up and why A kind Hostess Good Night. My Dear Post : My time was so fully occu pied last week, that I was reluctantly compelled to omit my usual letter, and if I eonsulted my inclination only, I should plead occupation and fatigue as further apologies, an,d not write even now. A day or two after the date of my last communication, I visfted the upper part of South Carolina, going over the whole extent of the Columbia and Greenville railway, to the latter flourishing village which is remarkable, chiefly, for its salubrious summer climate. It is the site of the New College, established under the aus pices of the Baptist Denomination, and called Furman University. It is certainly with no invidious spirit that I take this occasion to re mark upon the frequent misapplication of the term University to the higher institutions of learning in this country. " A University is a collection of Colleges and should properly com prehend two or more distinct collegiate organi zations, in science, letters, law or medicine. Ac- cording to this rule and I know not how any exception to it receives authority there are but few Universities in this country those which combine literary, law and medical schools uuder one general .chancellorship. I think the frequent misapplication of this term arises from national love for sounding titles a passion strangely out of keeping with our republican and democratic professions. I will venture while I am upon this point, to utter my earnest protest, more over, against the ambitious and ill-judged use of the term College in connection with our high er female schools. I must confess that I hearti ly dislike the term Female College. The two words seem to me to have no natural affinity for each other. A College of men or even of boys will do verT well but a college of young ladies sounds amiss to my ears. I do not ob ject to educating young ladies as thoroughly as young men though I should insist U; on differ ent modes of culture and development but it savour too much of the usurping spirit of the "Women's rights" movement, to claim the titles and degrees also appropriate to men for the gentler sex. And what better name do we need for female schools of the highest grade than that very suggestive and time-honored one of Seminary? This is a digression I know, and one which may, perhaps, provoke the dis sent of some of your readers, but I earnestly hope that few of them will fail to see the pro priety of calling things-even female semina ries by their right names ! Revenons montons, or rather let us go back to Greenville and the Furman Uuiversity, of which college I am gratified to record the flour ishing condition and prospects. Yet in its in fancy with its buildings in the process of con struction -it numbers, in all its departments, one hundred and seventy-five pupils with con tinual accessions. The endowment of the Col lege is generous and I believe complete. If the sanguine expectations of its friends are realized, in the acceptance of. its chancellorship, by the Rev. Dr. Manly, the present able and popular President of the State College of Alabama, the fortunes of the Furman School will be rendered morallysur e, and its reputation will be at once established. Its present faculty is composed of efficient and progressive men, jealous for the well being of the College and the ripe scholar ship of its pupils. I have dwelt a little upon this new institu tion of learning because it occupies an impor tant position, and will prabably play a leading part in the work of education at the South. The Columbia and Greenville Railroad is 145 miles long besides two ten mile branches leading one to Abbeville and the other to An derson. The construction and equipment of this road has cost more than the average rate of ex pense in building railways owing c the un even nature of the country which it traverses. It is said to be well managed, however, and the iacreade of bnsiattfr - opocrally of freight trans portation, is so rapid, that it may soon be a profitable investment to the stockholders. The main road passes through the flourishing town of Newberry- forty-seven miles from Colum bia. Greenville let me add here is one of the most attractive summer-places in the whole South and must now become an exceedingly popular place of resort. In its vicinity are found some of the finest landscape views which the picturesque range of the Alleghany Moun tains affords. Of these Caesar's Head and Table Rock are already widely known to fame. With in the immediate range of these famous scenes there lie, however, many choice gems of natural beauty mountain and valley wood and water fall almost unknown to the multitude and some of them, indeed, quite -terra incognita to all but a few adventurous explorers. All of these will, by and by, tempt the foot of the tourist and re ward his pains. To those of your readers, my dear Post, whose business or pleasure may carry them to Green ville I take a cordial pleasure in commending the Mansion House. To the generous courtesies of its warm-hearted proprietors, Messrs. Erwin and Swandale, lam indebted for a very pleasant sojourn in the place. I meant to have lingered in the 4 up-country ' of South Carolina for some days. But my steps were otherwise directed and I returned immedi ately to Columbia to experience more of the hospitality of 4 mine host ' and friend Janney, be fore I made my departure for the Queen City of the South. I am an economist of time, and generally travel by night, instead of by day, when the choice is granted to me. Hence it was that I i took the night tram fi;om Columbia to Charles ton. This is a freight train with a passage car bringing up its rear and performing a slow progress of ten miles an hour. I am so much used to railway travelling, that I can sleep pret ty well in the cars, and so as the night was mild and there was neither heat nor dust to annoy me, I beguVled the tedium of the way by famil iar dalliance with Morpheus. The morning was yet below the Eastern hori zon when ws reached the city overtaking the wagons and carts which were bearing to the market the vegetables and poultry which give so much piquancy to dinner ! The occasional basket of green-peas--displayed in these well laden vehicles savoured to my taste of South ern luxury and pointed significantly to the Hills Ilouse or the still excellent Charleston Hotel. To neither of these grand hostelries went I, how ever ; but true to the memories of the past which whispered to me of never failing kindness, during months of former residencen the city I repaired to the home where I had experi enced it the Waverly House then and still kept by Mrs. Gleason. I rejoiced to find the evidence of her deserved prosperity in the ex tended area of her house and the increased beau ty and elegance of its appointments. I have written few sincerer words than these, in which I bear testimony to the kindness of my amiable lady host. No where, I am confident, will the invalid seeking health or strength in the balmy air of Charleston find a more kindly reception and care than at her house. I shall devote another letter to Charleston and the extreme lateness of the ho: r warns me to close this, without the provocation of another topic. So allow me to say at once 44 Good Night." COSMOS. The following fact fell under the observation of a country minister in Lancashire, known to a writer in 44 Household Words." A poor man lay a dying, but still perfectly sensible and acute. A woman of his acquaintance came to see him, who had lately lost hei husband. 44 Bill," said she, 44 where thou art bound to thouk maybe see our Tummus ; be sure thou tell him we have getten th' wheel o' the shandry mended, and it's mostly as good as new : and mind thou say'st we're getten on very well without him ; he may as well think so, poor chap." To which Bill made answer, 41 Why, woman ! dust 'oo think l'se have not better to do than go clumping up and down the sky a-searching for thy Tum mus ?" A man's first care should be to avoid the re proaches of his own heart; his next, to escape the censures of the world. If the last interferes with the former, it ought to be entirely neglect ed ; but otherwise there cannot be a greater satisfaction to an honest mind, than to see tho-e approbations which it gives itself, seconded by the applauses of the public. A man is more sure of his conduct, when the verdict which he passes upon his own behavior is thus 'warranted and confirmed by the opinion of h!1 that know him. Two Portraits from the Crowd. Charles again draws the following portraits, the origi- j rials of whicli we meet almost daily : 44 Some beings, wheresoe'r they go, Find nought to please, or to exalt, Their constant study but to show Perpetual modes of finding fault. " While others, in the ceaseless roflnd Of daily want, and dai ly care, Can yet cull flowers from common ground. And twice enjoy the joy they share. 41 Oh! happy they who happy make, Who, blessing, si ill themselves are blest! Who something' spare for other's sake, And strive, in all things, for the best I THE FK0O. Of all the funny things that live In woodland, marsh or bog. That creep the ground, or fly the air, The funniest thing's the frog. The frog the scieulifkest Of nature's handy-work The frog that neither walks nor runs But goes it with a jerk. With pants and coat of bottle green, And yellow fancy vest, He plunges into mud and mire All in his Sunday best ; When he sits down he's standing up, As Pappy O'Kinn once said ; And for 'convenience sake he wears His eyes on the top of his head. You see him, sitting on a log, Above the vasty deep," You feel inclined to say 44 Old chap, - Just look before you leap !" You iuise your cane to hit him on His ugly-looking.mug ; But ere you get it hilf way up, Adowo he goes herokug. THIS RALEIGH, APRIL 8, 1854. WILLIAM D. COOKE, EDITOR AND PKOrBIETOK. Terms TWO DOLLARS PEE Ail u jf, in Advance. CLUB PRICES: Three Copies, $5 full price, $6, Eight Copies 12 $ Ten Copies 15- 20. Twenty Copies, 20 40. (.Payment in all cases in advance., HOT Where clnb of eight, ten or twenty copies is sent, the person making up the club will be entitled to a copy extra Wr Postmasters are authorized o act as Agents for ike Southern Weekly Post. Ms. H. P. Douthtt is our authorized agent for the State of Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. THE EASTERN QUESTION. The world is looking with anxious suspense towards the East. The laborious and prolong ed negotiations which have occupied the en tire winter, proving utterly fruitless, the two great Western Powers are now preparing them selves for the impending struggle with a vigor commensurate with its demands, and it is pro bable that in a few weeks, if at all, the bellige rent parties will be engaged in the actual throes of a conflict which' nothing but exhaustion can finally arrest. The character of the controversy has already been fully explained in the leading periodicals of the day, and most satisfactorily in several elaborate articles contained in the British Quar-. terlies. More recently however, the publication of the correspondence between the Emperors of Russia and France has, in spite of the caution and reserve of the illustrious disputants, thrown considerable light upon the public mind, and placed the Czar in a most unenviable attitude before the world. Napoleon had ventured with his own hand to remonstrate, in courtly style, but .with becoming firmness, against the aggres sive movements of Russia. We have now be fore us the reply of Nicholas to the French Em peror, dated St. Petersburg, February 9th, new style, from which a careful reader may obtain some idea of the spirit which animates the im perious autocrat, and of the deceitful pretenses under which he seeks to hide the enormity of his designs. The Czar does not hesitate to avow, in explicit terms, that the controversy "with Turkey is a religious one, and insinuates that France and England have indelicately meddled in a question between the Greek Church and the Porte with which they have nothing to do. "In claiming," says .he, "for my co religionists in Turkey the confirmation of the rights and privileges which they have long acquired at the price of Russian blood, I claim ed nothing which was not confirmed by trea ties." He then proceeds to show, by an evi dent distortion of facts, that his invasion of the Principalities was preceded and caused by the approach of the French fleet to the Levant, and very distinctly charges Napoleon with dis honorable conduct in proceeding stealthily to a participation with Turkey, instead of open ly, from the first, making a declaration of war. We have also before us the circular of the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Drouyn de 1' Huys, which appears to be intended as a final reply to the letter of the Czar. This circular is conceived in. an admirable spirit, and very effec tually disposes of the false issues and absurd subterfuges resorted to by Nicholas in support of his arrogant policy. In the first place, it is clearly shown that the religious liberties of the Greek Christians in Turkey cannot be the true object which Russia wishes to secure, because the policy of the present Sultan has been dis tinguished by moderation and reform, and Nicholas is very seasonably reminded that he would be more consistent were he to" evince a little of that spirit of toleration towards dissen ters in his own dominions, of which the present ruler of Turkey has set him so laudable an ex ample. The circular very carefully refutes the asser tion of the Czar, imputing the initiative of hos tile demonstrations to France, by showing that 44 each of those demonstrations was preceded by an aggressive act on the part of Russia." .. It makes it historically evident that the French fleet had not approached Salamis until a large accumulation of troops on the frontier of Tur key had proved to the world that Nicholas was determined to enforce his demands at the point of the bayonet. This one sufficient fact is in deed placed .'now beyond dispute by the seizure of the Principalities north of the Danube and their regular organization into Russian depen dencies. If the statement of the Czar were entitled to a moment's credit, that his object was simply to secure a confirmation of the stipulated privileges of the Greek Christians, however much we might disapprove of his conduct, we could not respect the inconsistency of Louis Napoleon in arraign ing him for its injustice. The world has not yet forgotten how frequently France has med died, on a similar plea, in the internal affairs of Italy. Even now, a French army continues to occupy Rome, and there sustains, not the religi ous liberties of the people against a tyran nical government, but a tyrannical govern ment in its exercise of arbitrary restraint up on the religious liberties of the people. For these gross inconsistencies the Fre'nch emperor seems to us quite as much exposed to the criti cism of mankind and the condemnation of his tory as the emperor of Russia. But nobody believes a word of the pretended zeal of the Czar for the religiou rights of the Greek Church. That Church in his own do minions is a mere machine in his hands, em ployed in the furtherance of his despotic pur poses. It is nothing better thau an abject parasite upon the State, and has no rights inde pendent of the personal prerogative of the em peror. Of course there can be no sincere re gard for the religious . liberties of the same Church elsewhere. The policy of Nicholas is self-aggrandizement, andr all Europe knows it well. Hence the cordial combination' of the western powers against him, and the justifiable determination to drive him by force of arms from a position which he has taken with so much pretended moderation in his mouth, but such inordinate ambition at his heart If there must be war between he parties, we hope it may result , in a . permanent humiliation of a power k haughty and dangerous. - EQUALITY. - We would e obliged to any, free soil that will explain how it can be fair in our neral Government to allow a citizen from Pfr mont to em'grte to and settle in any territory of the United States, with all the movable pro perty be may lawfully possess in his own State whilst a cilizen of. North Carolina is absolutely prohibited from doing the sam . Laying all questions of compromises and construetive compacts, we Would like to see the pure aiJ(J simple" question of absolute equality befn the southern and northern citizen, looked for once fairly in the face, and openly and caiulidlv answered. We are' little concerned about N. braska or any other side question yet. raised Wedesire to see the great principle either nkin." ly recognized or honestly reprobated. The true isue has, in our opinion, never been tnai f Uly met, and We very much doubt if it ever'will But our northern friends should be reiniulej ?n time that it would be much more consistent with their professed regard to religion and' hu manity to settle this question amicably now, than to undertake to monopolize the territories of the Union at the poii.t of the bayonet. Professor Sdliman, of Yale College, and Dr. Wayland, of Brown University, have spuW very indiscreetly tor men of their age, about the military method of excluding the southern ci tizen from his own soil. Both of these gentle men am distinguished in the world of letters and philosophy but they probably have no real expectation of ever wearing a laurel crown, ob tained on the dangerous field of civij war. Ye would rather expect them to turn their powerful minds to an honest solution of the great ques tion, that they might discover whether a con cession of equality to the South, woul I not be preferable to a I ng conflict in which the blood of Americans should be shed by American hands. We have no idea that moral courage can be found north of Mason's and Dixon's line, suffi cient to face the truth and admit its cunsoquen: ces at this particular juncture, but itwouid re dound to the honor of any man who would pub licly affirm this principle 0? equality in the midst of a tempest which threatens to obliterate all recolleelion of the first principles of our go vernment. Dr. Baird's Xectcrks. This distinguished Lecturer, pursuant to a brief notice, addressed an intelligent audience in the Presbyterian church, on Tuesday evening last, on the governments and monarchs of Europe. We had the pleasure of listening to this, h ghly interesting lecture, and were very agreeably entertained bv the hap py simplicity and ease with which he passed the various heads of the principal States of (Europe, in review before his audience, and by a few des criptive remarks . daguereotyped tlifeir personal images and character upon the memory. Dr. Baird was on his way to phapel ' where he has gone by special request, to deliver some of his regular lectures before the Faculty and students. From an advertisement inseried to day, it will be aeen that he proposes to deli ver tv o of tbse lectures here on Mondav and Tuesday nights.i The subjects will be Russia and Turkey, and in view of the great interest existing in the public mind in regard to these countries just now, we hope the '.urn out to hear them will be creditable to the intelligence of our citizens. j Dr. Baird is the Foreign Corresponding Se cretary of the American and Foreign Christian Union, and having lived and traveled much in Europe, with unusual advantages in; his favor, is probably as well jqualified as any living Ameri can to enlighten fand enteitain an audience on the subjects indicated. The Mormons. That admirable paper, the Saturday Evening Post, of Philadelphia, wants to know where the ministers are, that they do not remonstrate against the monstrous iniquitv of polygamy in Utah. We can tell that paper where they are-at least where the clergy of New England are. They are Hwted all along the parallel of 36 30', with menacing looks and flaming eyes, endeivoring t.. exclude their fel low Christians of the South f:om Nebraska. The angels who guarded the gates of Paradise, after the expulsion of our first parents from the garden, could not have wavel the glittering sword more furiqusly than thesee xcited genii. men have flourished their monster remonstrances. According totbem polygamy is but npiccadillo compared with ttavery, a'though the former was forbidden, whilstjthe latter was allowed, in the Church, f.s administered by the inspired aposths, and although they commonly commune with a slaveholder, whieji they refuse to do with a Mor mon. But consistency is not exa-tly the virtue they aim at. Nieither isUie standard of morals recognized at that barbarous period, the begin ning of the Christian era, the precise guide which they are Willing to adopt, They have made sundry additions and erasures in the code of Christian morals, and are determined to fone them upon the people by dint of law. You may have a harem in Utah, but you must not carry a slave, to -Nebraska. Does the "Post" know now where; the New England ministers are ? i The Grkkk Qhcrch. The present contro versy in Eastern jEurope, has developed a num ber of interesting facts iu regard to the Greek church, probabIy;new to most American readers, which clearly demonstrate the arrogance and impudeuce of be Emperor of Russia, in claiming the righjt to exercise a protectorate over the members of that church in Turkey. It ap pears beyond ispute that the clergy and people who obey the Patriarch of Constantinople, re gard tbo Russian jchurch as wickedly sciimatic, and so far from Wanting its protection, have a most holy horror of holding any communion with it. A claim of the Pope to proUct the kirk of Scotland jcould not be more scornfully entertained by the followers of John Knox, than these insulting pretensions pf the Czar have al ready been among the inhabitants of the inva ded Priucipalitiesl TJie hollow hypocrisy of Nicholas is really impious. The moral sense unu IK. i.i , ; uvp x,. tuo viYuigeu wunu is a amsi mm, auu it is more than likely that his iniquitous course will prove his ruinl ' ' & -VT i .... . a in ew iOMET,;very similar to the one ob served in August ast, has been visible here du ring the present woek for several eveningB, near the western horizon a little north of weal.