t m
S 0 T
E ,;B BEL T POST
74
watching with breathless eagerness the flying
foes, expressing earnest des,re for - their victory
or defeat. It was a perfect Babel of languages ;
the steerage passengers crowded the lower deck,
men, women and children, all talking at once
in their different dialects, all intent upon seen
ing the, novel fight. . ;. 35 ... . "
; The three Chippeways ran swiftly; their feet
scarce seemed to touch- the sward, so rapid was
their motion. But set I : One stops something
impedes bis steps ; ' tis for a second's space
he throws away his moccasins, and as he does
so, casts a quick glance behind bini, is in the
aci Oi icveuiujj uio i iiiu a uaou auu - - i
The excited spectator on board the Otto give a
simultaneous shriek, and the words He is. shot
he is shot ? are heard on every side. But no,
he bounds forward with increased velocity. A
moment more, and he staggers, reels, and falls
jjiuBiiaw, uwi i;iu6"
Then commenced a scene in Indian w arfare
sofiendish and blood-thirsty that my pen can
scarcely record it. While the body was still
hearing with the last struggle of life? with a
uTf am wild and imearthlv. the Sioux bent over
it with his glittering knife." I involuntarily
closed my eyes, and when I looked again, I saw
the gory scalp of the Chippeway dripping with
the still warm blood, fastened to the girdle of
the Sioux. Raising the war whoop, that echo
ed from; shore to shore, like the yell of some de
mon, he hurried on after the others.
The two remaining Chippeways were fast dis
tancing their pursuers ; and we could gee them
for miles along the prairie, running in a line
from the shore, the Sioux still in hoi; pursuit,
like wolves after their preyj The captain com
manded that added steam should be put to the
boat, there was a bluff where the river made a
bend, a short distance ahead ; and he thought he
mignt yet save tne iugitives oy getting on Doara
the Otto.
.And steam was put on. The raging and
cracking of the fire, as it roared amidst its frail
KarriAra Yia ftiirnrintv and mnd ftnAad nf t.Ka Knot
as she churned the, waters into foam, the groans
and dissonant noises of the vast machinery, sound
ed like the cries of a soul in agony all were un
heard "or forgotten in our breathless intensity of
vision. The chase-was for human life for hu
man life that a few moments before had lived
and breathed amongst us.
In a short space we came to the bend of the
river; here the shore was thickly covered with
scrub pine and wild creepers, and our view in
tercepted. As we rounded the point, however,
we could .see far across the prairie ; and in the
distance could trace one Chippeway, like a deer
flying'from the huntsman, still pursued by the
maddened Sioux. A crash was heard among
tJe branches, and his companion came leaning
from the high bluff that overhung the river. The
poor fellow had outrun his implacable foe, and
seeing the boat, had made an attempt to reach
it as his only chance of life. 'But instead of fall
ing into the water, he came heavily upon the
ground and broke his leg. '; Before his enemies
found his trail he was safely landed on board
the steamer. A physician being on board, his
limb was set, ana he finally , reached his village.
It was afterwards discovered that, according
to the assertion made by the Chippeways, their
village had been attacked by this Sioux party.
The boy, stationed upon the blug that surround
ed tieir dwellings, seeing their approach, had
given instant alarm, so that by the time the
Sioux had reached the vifi'age, it was deserted
and bare. They set fire to it, and were return
ing whefr seen by the three Indian's on board
the steamer.
. Ihe Chippeway that fled across the prairie
was sorelv beset bv his enemies : for davs and
nights he had neither rest nor sleep. Once only
he stopped to breathe amongst bushes ; but they
had traced his coarse, and. he found himself sur
rounded by a burning circle of fire. But his
couraga and persevrance did not forsake him
even amidst such deadly peril. With a bound
he cleared the flaming brush wood, and though
thrice wounded by chance shots, he had eluded
their direful vengeance, and while his body was
weakened and emaciated by very severe hard
ships and fatigue, his resolute spirit sustained his
exertions until retreat was practicable, and he
also-returned J,o his people in safety.
This sketch is no vision of fancy; there are
persona still living who witnessed ' The Prairie
Fight.'
A FEW OF THE ANCIENT BLUE LAWS.
The following were some of the "Blue Laws"
of Connecticut, which we here insert. They
may be quite a curiosity! to many of our readers:
The Governor and magistrates, Convened in
general assembly, are the supreme power under
God, of this independant dominion. From the
determination of the assembly no appeal shall
be made.
Whoever says there is a power and, jurisdic
tion over this dominion,r shall suffer death and
loss of property. .1
The Governor is amenable to the voice of the
people.
. Ihe Governor shall have a single vote in de
termining any question,-except a casting vote
when the assembly shall be equally divided.
The assembly of the people shall not be dis
missed by the Governorj but shall dismiss itself.
Conspirators, attempting to change or over
turn this dominion shall! suffer death.
The judge shall determine controversy with
out a jury.
No one shall be & freeman or give a vote un
v.. i ii ...
m ujuiuuer in iuu communion wiui one
of the churches allowed in this dominion.
No one shall hold any office who is not sound
m the faith, and faithful to his denomination
and whoever gives a vote for such a person shal
pay a fine of 20 for the first offence and for the
second he shall be disfranchised.
Each freeman shall swear by the blessed God
to bear true allegiance to this dominion, and
that Jesus is" the only King.
No lodging or food shall be offered to a Qua
ker, Adamite or any other heretic
If any person turns Quaker, he shall be bah
ished, and suffer death' on his return.
1 - No priest shall abide in the dominion ; he
snail be banished fini suffer death on his return
Priests may be seized by any person without
. a warrant.
' r No one shall cross a ferry but with an authori
5 zed ferryman."
No one shall run on the Sabbath day. or walk
in the garden or elsewhere except reverently to
on4 Asxm : . " "
mu uvih UACVUUg.
No person shall travel, cook victuals, make
beds, sweep house, shave or cut hair on the Sab
bath day. . . ?
No woman shall kiss her children on the Sab
bath or Fasting day.
The Sabbath shall begin at sunset on Satur
day.' ;.;,... . ' . ... :,
v Topick an ear of corn growing in a Neighbor's
garden shall be deemed theft. A person accu
sed with trespass in the night shall be judged
guilty, unless he clear himself by his oath.
When it appears that an accused has confed
erates and refuses to disclose them, he may be
racked. ' - .-' -
None shall buy or sell lands without permis
sion of the selectmen.
A drunkard shall have a master appointed
by the selectmen, who are to debar him from
the liberty of buying and selling. --Whoever
publishes a lie to the prejudice of
his neighbor, shall sit in the stocks or be whip
ped fifteen stripes.
No minister shall keep school.
Whoever brings cards or dice into this domin
ion shall pay a fine of 5.
Every rateable person who refuses to pay his
proportion to support the minister of the town,
or,parish shall be fined by the Court 2: and
4 every quarter until he or she shall pay the
rate to the minister.
Men stealers shall suffer death.
Whoever wears clothes trimmed with gold, sil
ver, or bone bace, above- two shillings a yard,
shall be presented by the grand jurors, and the
selectmen shall tax the offender at three hund
red pounds estate. ; -
A debtor in prison swearing that he has no
estate shall be let out, and sold to make satis
faction, v
Whoever sets fire to a woods and burns a
house shall shall suffer ;and any person suspec
ted of this crime shall be imprisoned without
the benefit of the bail.
No one shall read common prayer, keep
Christmas, or Saint's day, make minced pies,
play cards, dance, or play any instrument of mu
sic, except the drum, trumpet and jewsharp.
No minister shall join people in marriage
the magistrate only shall join people in marri
age, they may do with less scandal to Christ's
church.
When parents refuse their chidrenji cohven
: ient marriage, the magistrate is to determine
the point.
The selectmen on finding children ignorant,
may take them .away from their parents and
put them into better hands at the expense of
their parents.
Fornication shall be punished by compelling
marriage, or as the court shall think proper.
Adultery shall be punished with death.
A man that strikes his wife shall pay a fine
of ten pounds.
A woman that strikes her husband shall be
punished as the Court directs.
A wife shall be deemed good evidence against
her husband. t
No man shall court a maid in person or by
letter without first obtaining the consent of her
parents: 5 penalty for the first offence,: 10 for
the second : and for the third an imprisonment
during the pleasure of the court.
Married persons must live together or be im
prisoned. Every male shall have his hair cut
according to a cap History of Connecticut.
Note. The above laws were originally pain
ted on Blue paper, on which account they were
called the Blue Laws of New England.
COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY
OP THE UNITED STATES
BY CHAELES C. COFFIJf, WEST BOSCAWES, N. H.
An understanding of the laws which regulate
the wealth of nations, is necessary for national
prosperity. That those laws are not understood,
is evident from the returns of the seventh eensus.
Those returns exhibit some unlooked for, and
remarkable results. Yet we were not prepared
for such discrepancies in like productions from
different localities.
That there are other reasons than a want of
knowledge of nature's laws is also evident. In
such a country as the United States, to which
immigration is setting like a ceaseless tide, the
laws of nature will, as a matter of course, be vi
olated.' The German brings the experience
which he has had upon the fields of his father
land ; the Irishman farms as upon the bogs -of
the Emerald Isle ; the Norwegian, as upon the
steeps of his nativity all unfitted, as is each
system to the soil and climate of their adopted
most milk. Vermont is an exception. But the
exception will be accounted for in the quantity
of cheese produced.
The purely agricultural States of the West,
with broad prairies, fertile fields, and favorable
climate are behind the bleak and barren States
of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. New
York stands highest on the list, yet she sells
millions of gallons of milk per annum.
The reasons for such discrepancy must be be
yond climate or soil. They are to be found in
inferior stock, and improper management.
In the article of cheese there is a wider dif-
lference.
Lbs. per Cow. Lbs. pes Cow.
Ixmisiania - - .01 Indiana - - 2.25
South Carolina - .02 Illinois - j- 4.00
Maryland - - .04 Iowa - - j - 4.00
Missouri - - .09 Tennessee - ;,- 4.72
Alabama - - .13 Wisconsin - - 6.00
Georgia - - .14 Mississippi - . - 10
Delaware - - .16 Rhode Island 11
Florida - - .24 Maine . - la
Arkansas - - .32 New Jersy - 30 .
Texas - - .40 New Hampshire - 31 .
North Carolina - .43 Ohio - - i - 36
Tennessee- - .70 New York - i- 53
Kentucky - - .89 Massachusetts - 54
Missouri - - , ,.89jVermont - ; - 89
Virginia - - 1.37'Connecticut . - 62
The State of Vermont produces more pounds
of cheese than all the rest of the Union, with
the exception of NewYork, Ohio, Maine, Con
nectieut,' Massachusetts and New Hampshire ;
and this from 146,128 cows. t
It may reasonably be asked if there is aught
in the geological formation, geographical posi
tion, or climate of Vermont, to account for the
successful prosecution of such a branch of agri
culture ; which may not be equally successful in
other States? We answer no. New York
and Ohio, New Hampshire affd Connecticut
show the same capability. .
' n " "" ' ' Tk
It is weH known that cheese ia not an article of food
so universal in its use as trotter; ret from such data, it
,. would seem that many of the States were depsndent upon
others for this article of food, which with judicious ar
rangements can be produced in aO climates. -
Bat if we look at the number of cows per ; in
dividual, surprise at the discrepancy will be still
greater. We shall see that some of the States,
which produce the least butter and cheese per
home. . Each has his own prejudices and cus
toms, venerating them in ; the highest degree,
and unwilling to yield to the imperative de
raands of nature.
Hence those States, which are in their infan
cy, cannot be taken as a correct data. . 5
The sources of the nation's wealth are so va
rious, that it requires large scope , of vision to
comprehend them. A country embracing such
an extent of territory, with variations of climate,
thermal and hydrometric, such a variety of geo
logical formation, and combinations embrac
ing all the precious and useful metals ; such an
extent of sea-coast and numberless rivers; pre
sents considerations to the economist, which are
not to be found in any other on the globe.
National prosperity is subject to three pur
suits ; commercial, mechanical and agricultur
al ; the latter is at the basis of all. Of agri
culture we propose to speak ; but as sme States
are extensively engaged in manufactures, and
others in commerce, allowances should be made
in the comparative results.
It is a natural supposition that a State pos
sessing equal advantages with another State'
should be equal in its like productions. Such is
not the fact, as will be apparent from the annex
ed tables. Taking the article of butter, a pro
duct universal the world over, and which can
be produced in any climate, we see the following
results. The States being -arranged in progres
sive order.
Lbs. per Cow, per annual. Lbs. per Cow, per annum,
lorida . . 5;Maryland . . 43
Florida
Texas
10 Indiana
13 Iowa .
15jDelaware
18j Wisconsin . '
1 8, Massachusetts
190hio .
20 Maine .
33lMichigan .
34New Hampshire
45
47
50
56
G2
63
09
70
73
75
Georgia
South Carolina
North Carolina
Alabama
Arkansas
Mississippi .
Tennessee .
Missouri
Virginia
Rhode Island
Kentucky .
Louisiana .
Illinois
34;Connecticut
34 Pennsylvania . 75
39 New Jersey . 79
41 Vermont . . 83
42 New York . . 85
In many of the States large quantities of milk
are sold ; but if the above table is examined, it
will fee seen that most of those States which
produce the largest amount of butter, sell the
cow'keep. the greatest number of cows per indi
vidual. Cows per individual.1
Cow nr individual.
oiame
New Hampshire -Vermont
Massachusetts -Rhode
Island
Connecticut
New York -New
Jersey
Tennessee -Delaware
-Maryland
-Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina -Georgia
a m
.22AIabania - - .29
.29, Florida - .83
46j Mississippi - - .35
.13,Louisiana - - .20
,13!Texas , - - 1.01
.23 Kentucky - - .25
.30 Tennessee - - .24
.24 Arkansas - - .44
.22!Mis:.oari - - .33
-21jOhie - - - .27
.14lndiana - - .28
.22 Illinois - - .34
.25lMississippi - - .25
.28Iowa - - - .24
.30 Wisconsin - - .21
Vermont is a purely agricultural State. The
dairy is a branch of business natural to the
State. It is made profitable by industry and en
ergy. EaC'h individual is possessed of one forty
six hundredths of a cow, each cow producing
59 lbs. of cheese and 33 lbs. of butter.
In the State of Florida, each individual owns
eighty-three hundredths of a cow. Each cow
producing 24 lbs. of cbe'ese and 5 lbs. of butter.
Now for what purpose do the agriculturists
of the South rear such stock ? Surely uot for
profit.
The total lbs. of cheese produced in the Uni
ted States in 1850, was 105,535,219, or about
4 1-2 lbs. to each individual. The export for each
year was 10,361,189, leaving about 4 lbs. per in
dividual for consumption. Now if theconsumption
is equal in all; the States, there are but seven
States that produce their own cheese Maine
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Con
nectieut, New-York and Ohio.
Pennsylvania, with a population of 2,311,786,
produces but 2,505,034 lis. of cheese. If each
individual consumes 4 lbs., there is a deficit of
5,742,110 lbs., which at 10 cts., amounts to
more than half a million dollars. And this.
with a soil and climate equally advantageous
with pew York or Ohio. Indiana, with a pop
ulation of 988,416, produces from 284,554 cows,
but 624,564 lbs. of cheese and 12,881,535 lbs
of butter. '
tu: :.. u i m i .
xuia in ieuit wuere son ana climate are
greatly in favor of the former States. Neither
of the States sell milk, and it is reasonable to
suppose that the proportionable consumption of
milk, as an article of food, is as great in one as
the other. Hence the discrepancy 'must be
sought for in the.stock, or in the management
i . I 1 t 1 rn.
oi tne aairy, or in Doth, lhere is no reasoh to
suppose that Indiana may not be made to equal
Vermont, but on the contrary, excel it in dairy
products.
The discrepancy which exists between the
States of Vermont and Indiana is illustrative of
that of the whole Union, not only in cheese, but
m various other articles. '
The amount of wool produced per sheep
shows results which must be attributed to stock
and management.
In the table appended there is evidently an
error in the computation for Massachusetts ; for
it can hardly be supposed that that State should
range so far ahead of all others, especially of
V ermont, where wool-growing is a profession
Lbs, of wool per sheep.i Lbs. of wool per sheep.
Maine . . 3.02lFlorida . 0.99
New Hampshire 2.90; Mississippi . 1.8
Vermont , 3.35! Louisiana . 0.9
Massachusetts . 4.53 Texas . 1.3
Rhode Island . 2.9 Kentucky . 2.0
Connecticut . 2.9 Tennessee . 1.6
New-York . 2.9 Alabama . 2.0
New Jersey . 2.9 Missouri . 2.1
Tennessee . . 1.3 Ohio . 2.5
Delaware . 2.1 Indiana . 2.3
Maryland . 2.6 Illinois . 2.4
Virginia . 2.1 Michigan . 2.7
North Carolina . 1.6 Iowa . 2.4
South Carolina . 1.7 Wisconsin . . 2.0
Georgia . 1.7
Vermont, with a climate of long winters,
stands first on the list, probably as to quantity
per sheep, and quality. No State has given so
much attention to wool growing, and within
the last ten years she has produced a stock not
surpassed in the country.
If Vermont has done thus, ,why may not
Ohioj Pennsylvania, Kentucky and other States
with climate to assist, surpass Vermont!
It has been' computed that each individual
requires seven lbs. of wool per annum, therefore
the country requires not far from 166,000,000
lbs. per annum? The ' lbs. produced in 1850,
were 52.789,1 Y4 from-21,721,814 sheep, or
2.44 lbs. per sheep." Showing a deficit of more
than 100,000,000 lbs. Now if the lbs. per sheeD
were raised to that of Vermont, it would increase
the amount to 72,000,000 ; and if the quality,
which may now be rated at 0.40 per lb., were
increased to that of Vermont, which maybe
called $0.50; it would give an increase, of 15,
000,000. ' ,
It is a well known fact, that it costs no more
to keep a good animal than a poor one ; here
then would be actual gain of fifteen millions of
dollars to the country per annum. This applies
with equal force, to all the products of the
country which are not in any great degree affect
ed by climate.
The deficit of 100,000,000 lbs. of per annum,
in value $40,000,000, is worthy of the con
sideration of the agriculturists of the country.
But the discussion of the subject cannot be pur
sued. It lias been theorized by economists, but
it is a problem which will settle itself.
Yet to arrive at national wealth, it is absolute
ly qecessary to understand the laws of produc
tion and distribution. It is only by comparative
analysis that a State can understand its pio
gress. There is a legitimate business for every com"
munily. It is not a haphazard course which a
community can pursue successfully for along
period. Prosperity is founded upon rational
laws, laws of nature, or of circumstances.
Some of the States must of necessity be manu
facturing, others commercial, others agricultural,
and others, combiuiog different employments.
It is impossible with the space at command,
to do more than to glance at the industry of the
country. Bnt perhaps enough has been said to
call attention to the comparative economy of
the different States. No State can float serene
ly on the tide of time to a great and glorious
destiny. The great moving powers are industry
and energy ; making use of the means which
nature or circumstances has given.
METROPOLITAN CORRESPONDENCE.
LETTER XL.
Savannah, Ga., April 5, 1854.
Notice of Charleston Its Aspect Its Society-
Personal Pleasure Changes God and Mam
mon Churches and Bants Saint Fihbar
Improved style ofouilding New Custom House
The Mills House Evidence of retrogression
Charleston Provincialized A gleam of hope
Daily Steamship Line to New York Intercourse
between Charleston and Savannah The Rival
ry of the Cities Invalids in Savannah A
City, of Paris Sand A Lack The Pulaski
House Increase of the City Chatham Acade
my Bonaventure A Garden of the Dead."
My Dear Post : I promised to make Charles
ton one of the themes of this letter, and should
regret, indeed, to dismiss it with the simple
mentiou made of it in my last'. It is a favorite
place with me, and a residence of three years
within its boundaries qualifies me, perhaps, to
speak advisedly of its attractions. It' wears to
the stranger an antique and at first, perhaps, an
unprepossessing aspect, but he cannot dwell there
long without becoming interested in its very ap
pearance, nor will he fail if he be an intelligent
observer, to discover its strikinar individualities,
UDon these I have not time to dilate, but if you
have visited the city -my dear Post you have
doubtless remarked them. The attractions of
Charleston however, to which I have alluded -
are not found in its streets nor in. its houses
but rather in its delightful society. This is
characterized by a very high degree of refine
ment blended with; a warm and yet inobtru
sive hospitality. There the deserving stranger
is sure of a welcome and no less of an apprecia
tion. He is charmed with the sincerity and
substantiality of all that surrounds him. He is
not bewildered with glitter or glare ; he is not
stunned by noise and confusion; he is not wea
ried with parade and appearance ; he is not vex
ed with the insolent pretensions oi parvenu ism,
He finds homes, and hearts to make them hap
py. This, at least, I found the Queen City of
the South and never did I leave a place with a
tithe of the regret with which I severed the
bonds between Charleston and myself.
You will not wonder that I should be. gale
to revisit the citv and to renew the delight
ful social intercourse of the past. My few days
there were all too brief for such an agreeable
employ, and if the eyes of any of my cherished
friends in Charleston should lest upon this para
crraph let them be assured that it is an "utter
ance of the heart."
But enough of the mere personnel of my
stay there. You will demand something
more objective than this. I had not been ab-
sent trom tne city niucn more man a year, and
still it presented striking changes to my eye.
Of these, it is perhaps curious, that they should
suggest to my mind, the Scriptural antagonism
of God and Mammon ! I)o you ask me why
I answer- because the changes in question were
visible chiefly in the Churches and in th
Banks ! Of the former I noticed the new and
scarcely finished Catholic Cathedral of St. Fin
bar (of which Saint I confess to being rather
ignorant) the renovated Unitarian Chapel and
another renewed temple of the Presbyterian
Church. Of the banks there were also three
and (as if to heighten the coincidence) one of
them is uew and the other two are reconstruc
tions! The Ecclesiastical and the Mammonica
or perhaps I should say the fiscal structures
both alike, afford pleasing evidence of increased
regard for architectural elegance.
I have not time to enter into any details of
other "improvements " in the city -though
must not omit to mention the new and substan
tial Custom House which is now being erected
by the United States Government, and also th
truly elegant and sumptuous hotel known as the
Mills House and without an equal South of the
Potomac. I regret that I have to nojte anything
rciro-gressive in Charleston ; but the truth re
quires it. The city has unfortunately lost its
commanding position upon the great route of
travel from New York to New Orleans. The
great Southern mail no longer passes through
it. The metropolis has been suddenly provin
cialized, and now receives the mail some hours
later than Columbia, which latter place was but
recently dependent upon Charleston for its
news.
This extraordinary change which is irksome
and galling indeed, to the good people of th
city has been effected by the opening of the
Wilmington and Manchester railway of which 1
had something to say in a recent letter. The
result is certainly disastrous to Charleston, and
do not see how the city will be able extricate
itself from the sad dilemma into which its su
pineness and self-complacency have thrust it.
Charleston should have secured itself in the in
alienable possession of its former advantages by
making an early railroad connection between
tself and Wilmington. Had this been done the
Manchester road would probably never have
been built. I confess to much regret that the
quaint and delightful old city of the Palmetto
is thus thrust out of the way henceforth to be
an object of quest to the business man or the
invalid instead of lying in the pathway of the
Western World in its progress along the At-
antic seaboard.
There is a glea.m of hope athwart the dark
ness of this prospect. It is the growing aiid
merited popularity of the steamship line direct
to New York. It may be that the enterprising
owners of this line already comprising four
admirable ships will dare, in this emergency,
to increase the number of their vessels and des
patch a steamer every day, or at least every
other day from each port. If the former alter
native could be adopted, half perhaps three
fourths of the evil would be at once removed,
and if the same good fortune continued to mark
tne line, as that which it has enjoyed for two
or three years past I do not know that the
whole mischief would not be repaired. I have
no doubt that new steamers could be built
which would make averaged passages of forty-
eight hours. Courage, then citizens of Charles-
tox- establish this daily line of sea boats and
et j our beautiful and thriving city be still, as
t has been the thoroughfare of the nation.
So mote it be.
The communication between the rival mara-
ime cities of South Carolina and Georgia is not
sufficient, it would seem, to call for a daily line,
and here is another token of retrogression. Un
til recently there was a daily steamboat between
Charleston and Savannah ; but now boats ruu
only four times a week. The line is composed of two
ery comfortable though moderate-sized steam
ers wnicn make tne passage outside in all
weathers during the night. In one of these
boats I passed from the City of the Palmetto,
to the City of Oglethorpe between which there
exists an active rivalry amounting almost to
hostility. This is frequently fomented by the
newspapers of both cities which however charge
upon each other the entire onus of the strife !
shall not be considered a tell-tale I hope, if I
whisper to you that I have seen decided tokens
in this city, of any thing but condolence with
Charleston in the recent isolation to which it
las been subjected by the new mail arrange
ments, though Savannah reaps no advantage
therefrom.
In Savannah I encounter daily invalids from
flhe North, who creep about in the genial sun
shine of this soft clime, with something like hope
upon their pale features. Would that the ; ir,
which feels, indeed, as bland, and is perhaps as
sweet, as that " of Araby the blest," might
bring healing on its wings to their debilitated
and alas, too generally I fear, perishing frames.
The invalids in East Florida who can bear the
fatigue of travel, occasionally vary their dull
routine of life by a trip to Savannah in one of
the several rival boats which now run between
this port and the towns upon the beautiful St.
Johns.
Savannah is a city of parks ; small they are I
allow, but delightful still. These are squares
which dot the city at regular intervals. They
are planted with shade trees, and the older parks
are very beautiful, and all of them will become
so in time. The great drawback of Savannah is
its sand, which ought undoubtedly to be substi
tuted for that " ef the seashore," so often quoted
as an emblem of multitude. The sand is ancle
deep in every street and almost in every park,
except where pavements of brick or wood have
superseded it, and these are sadly in the voca
tive in the regions a little removed from the
centre of the town.
Savannah is without a really excellent hotel.
I musbnot forget the Pulaski which charges
two dollars and a half a day, genuine St. Nich
olas stamp ! and which provides very early green
peas and strawberries ; but after all the Pulaski
isn't the St. Nicholas, nor is it the Mills House
of dear old Charleston. It is a rambling, incon
venient, semi-dilapidated old barn, where elegant
appurtenances would be simply impertinences,
and where luxuries of the table actually los
much of their rarity and delicacy, just as aSweet-
tened Erard piano forte would sound execrably
in a log hut, and I have seen something of this
very kind in the course of my, southern ram
blings. These things violate the unities and
the proprieties. Savannah wants a magnificent
hotel an Oglethorpe House it might be to
match her beautiful skies, her generous atmos
phere, and the sumptuous elegance of her private
mansions.
T have not been hero in several jjears, and in
that period the city has subsidized a large tract
of land, then known as the Common. It is now
covered with squares and streets, lined with neat
modern brickhouses.
Taking into consideration the depth of the
sand I think I may safely say that it is a good
days journey to make the tour of the city.
Plank roads will soon afford much grateful re
lief from this plague of the town.
I visited the Chatham Academy, an old and
richly endowed foundation of learning, where
between three and four hundred youth of both
sexes are judiciously and liberally educated.
About four miles from the city there is a famous
spot called Bonaventure, formerly the residence
and now the mortal resting-place of Colonel
Tatnall.- It is a grand forest of live oaks,
through, which numerous avenues lead to the
centre Where the tomb of the hero is found.
ihese avenues are covered by the interlac
ing boughs of the trees which are so profuse
ly draped with the long grey moss peculiar to
these latitudes, that they seem to be hung as
with funeral banners. Recently this domain was
opened as a Cemetry, but its distance from the
city renders it less available than a still newer
Cemetry close at hand. I can conceive, howev'
er, of no ntter place to be "a garden of the
dead," than this rare and unparallelled natural
temple of many aisles.
I might say much more of Savannah, but I
should overpass my limits to do it now. So let
1 m 8tP at onc-
COSMOS,
: ' - "THUS .. : U ' -V-
;RALEIGH, APRIL 15, 1854.
WILLIAM D. COOKE, '
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
Terms TWO DOLLARS FEB Anaujfi, in Advance.
CLUB PRICES:
Three CoDies $5 full price,. $6,
Eight Copies, 12 u
Ten Copies, 15 "
.Twenty Copies....... 20 ...&.
...16,
. . 20,
Payment in all eases in advance.,
W Where a club of eight, ten or twenty copies is sent,
the person making up the club will be entitled to a eopy
extra
Postmasters are authorized to act as Agents for
the Southern Weekly Post:
Mr. H. P. DotrrniT is our authorized agent for tn
State of Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.
: OUR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES-
No State in the Union if at the present time.
making such rapid progress in educational en
terprise as North Carolina. Almost every week
we hear of some new institution of a high grade
being about to be organized with brilliant pros
pects of success, in some of our flourishing vil
lages, and the spirit of improvement seems to
run so high as to create apprehension lest the
number of such institutions should be unneces
sarily multiplied. We cannot, however, but re
joice in these cheering indications of an increas
ing public interest in the cause of education,
and are willing to hope that notwithstanding
the apparent haste and flurry manifested in some
quarters, and notwithstanding the extravagant
ad captandum pretensions with which the claims
and advantages of some of our newly establish
ed schools are pompously paraded before the
public, the general movement will be nobly suc
cessful in the end, and largely contribute to the
weath, the refinement, and elevation of oiir peo-
The spirit of education is now at the flood,
and it is a suitable time to urge our citizens to
a more liberal support of their institutions. Our
schools are not only multiplying rapidly, but
evidently rising in character, and the motives to
sustain them with undivided energy are. increas
ing from without as well as from within. The
. state of things at the North is now suflacientlv
apparent to every observer. The colleges in
that part of the Union, especially in New Eng
land, and, we may fairly presume, the principal
male and female schools of a lower grade, are
under an influence decidedly hostile to the south,
and we cannot see how a .people who respect
themselves can continue to sustain them, as we
have done heretofore, without exposing them
selves to the contempt of the civilized world. '
The tone of sentiment and opinion in that regi
onasindicated by the pulpit, the press, the reso
lutions of public bodies, and the inflammatory
harangues of their most grave and venerable
professors, is overbearing and insulting- in the
highest degree. They evidently assume in every
thing they say, that the intellectual and moral
superiority of the North over the South, is un
questionable, and they seem disposed to treat
the claims of our people to anything like equa
lity with them as a presumption to be rebuked
and repressed by systematic and general insult.
We know there are exceptions, and that many
people at the North, both respect and love their
fellow citizens of the South ; but they are now
silent aud overwhelmed in the universal storm of
sectional excitement.
In view of these facts we owe it to ourselves,
as a free and independent people, to withdraw
from northern schools and colleges, where such
influences prevail, the patronage which has been
so liberally and so irrtprudently bestowed. We
can no longer send our youth to such institu
tions, without practically assenting to that as
sumption of superiority which is so arrogant
ly claimed, and fostering with our money
and -influence the hot-beds of fanaticism, se
dition, and treachery to the Union. No, the
South must stand by the South, in one common
and universal resolution to make herself actual
ly, as she is theoretically, independent. We
must not only defend slavery, in which the
wealthier classes of our population are most in
terested, but these wealthy people must rally
around our own institutions for education, and
sustain them with their patronage and funds,
and then, and not till then, can we expect to
present an unbroken and formidable front to the
enemies of our section of the Union.
It is too much the fashion with many of our
citizens who make the Uudest profession of love
and devotion to the South, to send their sons
and daughters to New England to "finish their
education," and the plea generally employed to
defeud this course is the want of sufficiert ad
vantages in our own institutions. Fortunately
for the South, and for North Carolina in particu
lar, we can now effectually reply to such a plea
by pointing with pride to Chapel Hill, and many
other institutions around us, where the stu
dent may enjoy the full advantage cf a complete
and liberal course of instruction from corps of
instructors as well qualified for their, work as
the professors of New England. But e'ven if
this be denied, we ask the high-minded and
public spirited gentlemen 'who are so liberally
patronizing the incendiary schools at the North,
whether it would not be more consistent with
; their professed zeal for the South to enable our
own institutions to compete with others by the
simple method of patronage? Whether it
would not be more worthy of themselves to
unite in building up and enlarging our own col
leges, than to send their sons and daughters to
New England to "finish off" under the tu
ition of the insidbus enemies of the South ! '
We have all along been able to sustain insti
tutions of the highest order in North Carolina.
The people are now, for the first time aroused to
a due sense of their importance. Let us be unit
ed and determined. Let us not waste our re
sources on too many petty schemes, but endeav
or to elevate the institutions we now have to t e
highest standard known in the United States.
There is no good reason why Yankee students
should not, at some future day, be found resort
ing to Southern colleges in quest of advantages
superior to their own, and we believe nothing
is wanting to bring about such a result but the
right sort of public spirit in our public men aad
a little less local jealousy among the peo
ple. ? v.,
BEDINI'S LETTER.
It has been. stated in some of tin- y,.. ,
this notorious personagu has written a
the Archbishop of Baltimore, djfendi!r !,;,
fromtho charges made against him by siM..,
of his countrymen in Nevy York. j,
just finished the perusal of the curios ,.
ment, ruu uav not eeu n-jif in ,,v- ,
slightest effort at defence in it. From !,.
nine; to end it contains nothing but th-,,, '
ported declarations of Bedini himself. '
rambling, and on.the whole, very tires.,
cimen of persoual egotism.
: . . 1 u 5 l.i . i i.
ij.
" There are two things Ji the letter vi,;cj
worthy of notice. Oiie is the charge p
plainly made, that the conduct of ihe Aim ;
ixovernrocnti 'n i0 answering tne l'ojie's J
ters, was " an insulting lesson for the
eign of Rome" and the intimation ad4..J
.11 . !: ti c l. . . ii
tor nagrant vioiauous oi meir paramo-p
duties" those who rule or represent great nK!j0K
are obliged to ansicer. We understand th;,
an insidious menace that the American i;i,v,,
ment will have to suffer in some way for lv
manner in which it chose to receive tlie Xiuif u
of the Pope to Brazil, who came to this tou!;;vt
on no apparent business, and left it with :,
fully damaged reputation. We presume the
authorities at' Washington now see tliatli?W3s
rint avan snlitlAil tn t.hfi 'nftli t.pnpss iviil, .l . ,
he was received.
But the comical feature in his 1 nter is i,e
announcement made to the Archbishop thai lit'
has had numbers of pictures of the " Blt
Virgin of Rimini," engraved for him expressly
from a daguerreotype of the wonderful picture '
itself. " That portentous moving of the pupii;
says he, "took place precisely during my civil
jurisdiction, when I presided over the Mivern
ment of Bologna." He then goes on t :lV
that he does not pledge a divine faith in it, K. !
"cause the Pope has not intervened with an ;tj.
thoritative sentence, but that he has a stroi
human faith jn its miraculous character. From
which we infer that as soon as his Hol'me-
makes his decision that the imaore did roll , f
"i
eyes, his faith will become divine. He then r?-1
marks with some feeling upon the contradiction I
or inconsistency of those, who having believe,
the charges made against himself, will yet ref&.
to believe that this image actually rolled its ein J
As if it were;more remarkable that the tool 4 1
tyrannical government should be cruel and uhjnc
than that a'rnere image of a woman should n,p
its eyes. . Intelligent Americans will roll the r
eyes at such jridiculous logic. Towards the cyi-J
elusion, he aidds, " I must-limit myself to pran
xl. - TT tl 1 T-l Tt ' .1 . 1 -
me same Diessea ljauy oi rumini, tuai uen:;
nant she would turn her merciful eyes upon t!.;
land" America " where to me it is most swia
to distribute; her image." So Bedini at Loml4
has offered up to the Virgin in Italy or some.
more distant locality, his -humble prayeitlia
she will roll her eyes towards the United State
and we may soon expect to hear of the trans-j
mitted pictures displaying their miraculoi
movement in the city of Baltimore. This rollii
of eyes is an awful portent, and we tremble
the thought.!
RAILROADS,
There are; still many old fogies in the ba
settlements who consider railroads mischievoul
innovations. ; Their number, however, is daiisj
growing "small by.degres and beautifully less.'
The great majority of intelligent people are now!
constrained to acknowledge that they are a pow
erful stimulant of civilization and improvemeiit
It is impossible for Rip Van Winkle to continue
his slumbers any longer. The snorting of tii
iron horse has aroused him for good and all, aud
he has gone to work with all the vigor of unim
paired youth. The sound of the cars, like a
thunderstorm in summer, has the effect oi' re
viving and refreshing everything aronnd. The
mists of ignorance and prejudice disappear te
fore them without the trouble of refutation.
Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, education,
are all stimulated and promoted, and religion
has the promise that it will flourish when maty
run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increas
ed. People are beginning to mingle and asso
ciate together to compare notes, to make sug
gestions, to concoct schemes and enterpries and
in every way Ux aid and incite one another to
increased activity and usefulness. If anvbodv
asks what is the utility of railroads, there U do
occasion to reply. They answer for themseivt
Dr. Baird. This gentleman delivered h
promised lectures on Russia and Turkey on
Tuesday and Wednesday evenings, in the
ture Room of Presbyterian Church, to laiirean ;
deeply interested audiences. The pupils of t
eral of the schools of the city were in atten
dance, and quite a number of ladies and ire 1 1 -tlemen
from the community generaiiv.
have reason to. believe that all were ehliglitem-d
by the clear knd graphic descriptions, the statis
tical statements, and the impressive illustrations
of the leeturer, as well as entertained ly Ins
narratives, anecdotes, and amusing accounts i
what he has seen and heard for himself in ik
interesting countries which he- describes. Tlnse
lectures are 'carefully prepared, delivered will'
great suavity and ease, and seasoned with
the right quantity of humor to relieve the monot
ony of contipuous description without, impairiuj;
its value. Eveiw cultivated audience must be de
lighted to. hear Dr. Baird on these subjects whic.)
he posseses all the resources of matter and man
ner to illustrate and display.
Dr. Baird very evidently sympathizes titli
the Russians and Greeks in the present i-ontf'1
versy'with Turkey. He appeals inclined to 1
lieve that the Christians in the latter countn
are desirous of Russian protection, and may be
tempted to ri-e against the dominant race.
an intelligent and competent observer his opinio"
is entitled to much weight, but if he is correct the
whole British public have been greatly deceived
It is the universal impression there that although
the Greeks may desire independence of Turkey,
they are altogether opposed to the hypocritical
claim of the Czar to exercise over them his im
perial protection.
V We are requested to state that any sugges
tions which may be induced by an examination
of the tables of the United States Census for
this County should be forwarded at an early day,
to Mr. DeBow, Superintendent of the Census
Office at Waslungtbn, with a view to the cor
rectness of other publications from that office.