.
THOMAS LORING
THE CONSTITUTION A.ND THE UNION OP THE STATES r-THEY "MtfSI BE PRESERVED.
v
VOTl VI.- NO. 300.
n.TAt AND PROPRIETOR
RALEIGH, N. C. WEDNESDAY, JULY 29, 1840.
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SPEECH
OF
WILLIAM MONTGOMERY.
In the House of Representatives, March 25.
1340 In Committee of the Whole on the
coionfih. TTninn. UUon the bill to authorize
f kUkv v 1
the issue of five millions of
sury notes.
Mr Montgomery said : Mr.
dollars of Trea-
Chairman, I have
for some time been
...... o
endeavoring to
obtain the
floor, not for the purpose of inflictiug upon you
and the committee a long and elaborate speech,
such as some of those we have had to suffer-un
der since this bill has been before us, but a short
and plain statement of such facts as ha7e suggest-
ed themselves to my mind, with sucn recoraea
acts as I have beenable to collect from the jour
nals of this IJouse, ana other public records. j
1 had not intended, Mr. Chairman, when this
bill was reported to the House from the Com
mittee of Ways and Means, to have said one
word in relation to it, for the facts contained in
the information before us, appeared. to me to be
too plain to be misunderstood by any one, and
the necessity of prompt and speedy action by
this and the other branch of Congress to relieve
the wants of the Government creditors, was too
urgent to admit of much delay. Heretofore, Mr.
Chairman, it was supposed to be the pride
and the pleasure of the Representatives of the
people of the United States to seek out and
avail themselves of the best means to sustain
the credit, the character, and honor of the coun
try, and save the Government from the disgrace
that must attend a non-performance of its engage
ments. But, sir, it seems that the time has ar
rived when'the whole power apd ingenuity of a
certain party in this country are exerted, not to
aid, foster, and protect their country and its Gov
ernment not to aid in sustaining, unimpaired,
its faith and credit, but to search our,-and,; with
joy and gladness, embrace all and every oppor
iunily that presents itself to revile and to reduce
to bankruptcy, dishonor, and disgrace, the Gov
ernment of their own country. Sir. I have
neither the right nor wish to impugn the mo
tives of others; but I have the right, anu uuty,
requires me to speak of public men, and public
Tecords, which are the acts of public men; and
public men are the servants of the sovereign peo
ple, who have a right to see and know what sort
of public records we their representatives keep.
They at home know us by our acts and declara
tions; here-they only know us by . our public
records. We meet here not merely for the pur
pose of passing bills to pay ourselves eight dol
lars per day.; (if we met for that purpose only,
we could legislate rapidly, for even Whigs never
give us any trouble upon the passage of -their
own pay ;) but we meet to periorm mose uuuea
which the condition of the country requires, and
the wants and interests of the people demand at
our hands as national legislators, acting within
the provisions of the .Constitution.
Mr. Chairman, having said thus much as to
what we should do, I propose to go into an ex
amination, not only of what we have done, but
what a certain party have refused to do, as prov
ed by the journals, and their votes recorded in
them.
I came into this body at the first session of the
Twenty-fourth Congress, which met on the first
Monday of December, 1835,. and have been
here ever since. The country had been much
excited by a warm party Bank contest, which
grew out of the war between the Bank of the
United States and the people of the United States
which should rule the country; in which the
national liberty had been made to tremble.
That Bank was about to expire as a national
institution ; the public money had long been re
ceived and disbursed by it: the 'people, when
appealed to, had, on two occasions, decided, by
large majorities, that its' charter should not be
renewed ;. & in obedience to the spirit of that de
cision, the President had ordered the public mo
ney to be Dlaced in the State banks on deposite.
to be by them disbursed as the fiscal agents of
the Government. These banks performed that
service well from October, 1833, until May
1837; and I will here remark, that the Federal
Opposition National Bank party, in strong and
unmeasured terms, denounced General Jackson
and the State banks, and continued to do so just
as long as they acted honestly and faithfully to
wards the Government "and to the people.
While the country and business was prosperous,
quiet, and happy, under their agency, which thev
proved themselves able and capable of perform
ing:, by doing so from October, 1833, to May.
1837, they received and paid over immense sums
for the Government ; they not only faithfully
paid all the ordinary demands ot the Govern
raentupon them, but they paid over twenty
eight millions of dollars to the different States
under the denositie act ot June. 183b. out in
May, 1837. when these banks had about thirty
two millions of the public money in their vaults
. . , t . i r. ?j..?i i -.? -.t -
iana lust oeiore tne rresiaentiai election in no
vember.) they shut their doors against the Gov
ernment, and the people, not only producing un
iversal distress and sunenner amonsr the com
munity at large, but greatly embarrassing the
Government in its means of providing for the.
army, the navy, the pension list, the civil and
diplomatic officers, and all the poor and honest
laborers upon the public buildings, and public
works of every description ; most of the latter
depending entirely upon the products of their
daily labor for food and raiment for ttfeir, wives
and children. Thus, in this free and powerful
country, Mr. Chairman, we had suddenly, un
expectedly,, and without any fault, either on the
part of the people or or Congress, in not having
provided the necessarymeans to meet promptly
all the demands, of the public creditors when
due. been reduced to thai deporable situation in
which all classes of the community were involv
ed in the deepest distress and suffering and our
Government was compelled to stop payment to its
honest creditors, while it was subjected almost
to the disgraceful condition of- total bankruptcy.
This state of things, too, was produced after the
Government had provided ample means to meet
all its" engagements, having collected the money
from the people, and placed-it in what was sup
posed to be faithful hands, as a sacred trust, to
be ready at all moments for those to whom it
was indebted". I will not say this was done for
political effect only; but there are many, as well
as myself, who are far from being satisfied that
there was not, by the master spirits that produc
ed the suspension, political effect intended, and
now it is proved. ""' ' , '
Under these circumstances it bcame the indis
pensable duty of the Executive of these United
States to issue his proclamation, filling the rep
resentatives of the people to convene for the
special purpose of providing suck relief as they
in their wisdom might deem right and proper.
In this all parties most cordially Concurred.
Accordingly, in pursuance of this call, Con
gress met in this Capitol on the firtt. Monday of
September, 1837; and on the secoijd day of the
session we received the message o( the Presi
dent, giving us a history of what wasthe exist
in 'state of things, and recommending such
measures for the action of the Representatives of
the suffering country and people, as he believed
proper, and as they in their wisdom might see
fit in hrinr forward and pass into legal and salu
tary enactments to guard.against a recurrence of
similar evils. Was this done on that -occasion
Mr. Chairman, or was it not done ? Let us, for
one moment, examine into that subject. I do not,
on this occasion, propose to offer to the com
mittee and to the country the mere declaration
of a member upon this floor, or elsewhere, which
is so often the subject of misapprehension and
mistake, nor do 1 intend to offer extracts from
newspaper paragraphs of the day; not because
I have not noticed them, and could not have
gleaned from them, as my friend from Virginia
over the way Mr. Goggin did yesterday; abund
ant materials to prove what I might have desir-
-rl Kut hprnnsp I nrefer to brine-forward matter
which being of official record, no man can dis
nutR or denv- I do not propose to imitate some
gentlemen on this floor and elsewhere, who
when they desire to deal in severe denudations
against the Administration and the political party
nnnncod tn thtm. draw their supplies from the
filthv and turbid streams that daily flow from the
poisoned and corrupt political fountains (the
FoHunl nraMM that train their salubrity, not
fmm ih nnrifir of these waters, but from the
saw a w m m J m. 1 1 I
degree of- poison they contain. No, sir, I shall
pass them over, and apply at the pure fountain
nffrnth tfcur nnblic record, your-journals, and
iMiki; rlnz-nmprifs denosited amonsr the
umti C"'v 1 - ,
.hi'vo !n mnr lihrarv. where I shall una
aiwuivva u j - j y
an nhiiodnnt sunnlv to answer all my purposes
Here, Mr. Chairman holding up tne journals 01
rr j . ... ., r
.!, .k,- acinn of the last (on2ress,l are.
IUC IUI jvojii" fcj
mntPTlals T relv unon to prole not only the ne
cessity of the speedy passage of the bill on your
table, but to prove also who it is that have by
their recorded votes created this urgent necessi
ty, and-this demand upon thelreasury; and
tha Wnmints which will enable me to
compare their recorded votes with their declara
tlnns mad herein this hall, and before thesove
,1.. o hnmn I have stated that the
innnlrt' WHS Sll fferin? under the deepest distress
h.t tn rolivp that distress was the whole
and the solecause for which Congress was con
U 11 14 kUUk W w-ww -
vened at the extra session. The people s money
w not honestly kept, and paid out by those
who had been entrusted with it : for bad that
been done no call would have been made for an
t a I
extra session at a cost 01 two or mree uuuu.w
thousand dollars, I will now show you what
they did do. This journal shows that we met
on the 4th day ot Septemoer, 100, ana organis
ed, and that on the fifth day of the same month,
the President sent in hi3 message which con-
tained a plain and full statement of the condition
of the country at that time, and pointed out the
legislation he deemed proper and which,- in his
opinion, wasrequirea Dy tne wants 01 ine peo
ple and the Government. I need not recite them
as they are familiar to all. On the 13th of Sep
tember the Committee of Ways Means report
ed to the House, bill No. 2, to authorize the
issue of ten millions of Treasury notes to pay
the creditors of the Government who had just
claims upon it under the appropriations made
by Congress, (and wnicn appropriations, iuo,
had been voted for by nearly all of the Whig
party, see journals 2d session 24th Congress.)
It must be borne in nana iui mese hcmuij
nnip wpt to sunhlv the nlace of the money ac
tually collected by law from the people, and de-
posited in pursuance oi tne iaw ui ioow, iui
n.h.'.h w K rr nortv with few exceptions, vo-
ted, in the State banks, where it was eitner usea
by them for their own purposes in speculation
WW MS 1W A fc & -J "
nr otherwise, or actually lOCKea up auu ueuuucn
fmm the honest creditors of the Government, I
care
not which, by which means the people
severely suffered, and the Government was near
ly made DanKrupi. i nis urn -
on the 9th of October (page 179) by a vote of
127 yeas, of which 11 were Whigs, and 98 days,
of which 94 were Whigs and 4 were Democrats.
r. ...U.o.ioontlTr nnemoti I ha Senate. W8S aDDTOVed
by the President on the 12lh of October, i
Wam a law.- Thus the means for meeting
mir on arncrements were a second time provided
by Congress, but not by Whig votes, and that it
was at the people s expense 1 nave snwn ueinu
fore. Thiar sunnlv was only for one year, and
was a palliative measure only, and not what the
people wished a permanent relief, or remedy for
the evil. On the 15th day of Sept. just eleven
days after the meeting of Congress, Mr. Cambre-
leng from the Uommittee of Ways ana means,
reported to the House bill No. 6, the great and
principal measure we we, j called to act upon
providing for the imposition of proper and suita
ble punishment by fine and imprisonment upon
iha rlishnneet IrpsnprQ rvf tho neonle's mOOeV 10
future. fn order to nrevent a repetition of th
same abuses that had so severely scourged and
nffllcted this nation, this hill contained the mOSt
salutary provisions with regard to the safety of
the public money, such as prescribing-the man
ner and the places in which it should be kept,
and imposing severe and suitable. punishment by
fine and imprisonment upon all those who should
again dare to use it for their private purposes in
speculation or otherwise, or refuse to pay it over
on demand made by the Secretary of the Trea
sury to meet the appropriations of .Congress in
favor of the honest creditors of the Government,
see its provisions. In section 4, all depositee
were made special, not to be used for private
speculations, bank discounts or loans, nor for any
other purposes except those for which the money
was collected that is to make payment to the
people who held just, legal, and bona fide claims
upon the Government for services rendered or
supplies furnished. . Section 9 made the applica
tion of the people's money, by those with whom
it was entrusted, to any other than the proper
objects recoflrnised by law, "steal irfg," and sub
jected the persons, thus guilty, to punishment by
imprisonment of not less than two nor more man
five years, together with a fine equal to jthe
amount embezzled. -
There then existed, and now exist, no such salu-
tary provisions in our laws against. puonc ae-
faulters; and had tnis wnoiesome law Deen in
existence before the- suspension ot the bank's in
May 1837, and 1839, -would not all the evils it
brought upon the country have been prevent
ed Would all these bank officers have sub
jected themselves to the walls of a public prison
for five years? IN ever, no never, mucn as
they might be, and as they have proved them
selves to be, disposed to disregard the sacred
trust reported in them, with this provision upon
the statute book, they would have preferred a
prompt and faithful discharge of duty, to a shame
ful and insolent refusal of justice, and would
have paid over the people s money which they
had received in trust. This bill was referred to
the committee of the Whole on the state of the
Union, as was a bill from the Senate with the
i .l;i i I . J
same or similar provisions, wiuu uau pasacu
that body; and on the 4th of October the com-
mittee reported tne latter to tne House. Aer
various other proceedings, the vote was tajcen
on its final passage, or rather its final rejection,
for so it turned out to be, by the combined oppo
sition party who had at that session a clear and
decided majority in this House, against adopting
any substantial relief for the suffering people and
country ; and by their rotes was rejected this
favorite measure of the people. This vote stands
recorded on page 195 of this journal, holding
up the journal of the extra session, and was
given on the 14th day of October, 1837. On a
motion made by a gentleman from New York
Mr. Clark that this bill do lie on the table, for
that motion there are recorded 119 yeas, apd 107
nays. That the people of this country may see
who it was of their representatives that were un-j
willing to grant relief to their suflering constitu
ents, and to punish by fine and imprisonment the
plundering public defaulters, lor their trauds and
peculations on the people's money, 1 here insert
the list of yeas, as . they stand on the public re
cord: .
The question was then pat on the motion that
the bill do lie on the table,
''And passed in the affirmative, yeas 119, nays
107.
"The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of
tbe members present,
"Those who voted in the affirmative, are,
"Messrs. Adams, Aleiander, Heman Allen, John
W. Allen, Aycrigg, Bell, Biddle, Bond, Borden,
Briggs, William B. Calhoun, John Calhoun, Wil
liam B. Campbell, John Campbell, Carter, Casey,
J. Chambers, Cheatham, Cbilds, Clark, (Cons.)
Clowney, Corwin, Cransfon, Crocket, Curtis, Cush
ing, Darlington, Dawson, Edward Davies, Deberry,
Dennis, Dunn, Elmore, Everett, Ewing, Richard
Fletcher, Fillmore, James Garland, (Cons.) Rice
Garland, Goode. James Graham, William Graham,
Graves, Grennell, Griffin, (Dem.) Halsted, Harlan,
Harper, W. S. Hastings, Hawes, Henry, Herod,
Hoffman, Hopkins, (Con.) Henry Johnson, Wil
liam Cost Johnson, Kitgpre, (Cona.) Lawler, Le
gare, (Cons.) Lincoln, Loomis, Lyon,(Cons.) Mal
inrir Marvin. James M. Mason. fCons.) Samson
Mason, Maury, May, Maxwell, Menefee, Mercer,
Milligan, Mathias Morris, Calvary Morris, Naylor,
Noyes, Ogle, Patterson, John M. Patton, (Cons.)
Pearce, Peck, Phillips, Pope, Potts, Rariden, Ran
dolph, Reed, Rencher, Richardson, Ridgway, Ram
sey. Russell, Sawyer, Sergeant, Augustine H. Shep
perd, Charles Shepard, (Dem.) Shields, Sibley,
Slade, Smith, (Cons,) Snyder, (Dem.) Southgate,
SStuart, HJOOS.J oioae, oiauiy, ouuuuu, xannnu,
Thompson, Tiliinghast, Toland, Underwood, Albert
White, John wnite, iMisna vvnuuesey, iewis
Williams, Sherrod Williams, Joseph L.. w Uliams,
Christopher H. Williams, Wise, and Yorke 119."
Democrats 6 ; uonservatives 1 1 ; vv nigs ito.
Here. Mr. Chairman, are 119 gentlemen,
with their politics marked, recording their names
acainst punishing those who steal the people's
i i j- .
money, thereoy noiaing oui cucumagomciu m
nl under there being no adeqate punishment to
guard against the recurrence of the very crimes
the commission of which had brought us togeth-
If. Mr. Chairman, tbe members ot this
House refuse to obey, the voice and wishes of
the people, as they did on tnat occasion, ine
President is not to blame, nor is he responsible
to the people for the refusal of their Representa
tives to Telieve the sufferings of the country, by.
legislation, when that suffering is sufiicient to
iustify a special call of the people's Representa-
tives, when he has maae mat can, mi,
Buren did on that occasion,) made tne wets
known to them, and suggested such remedies as
he deems proper and right to be adopted, tie
has tbe.rrdone his duty, ana an mai ne cu uu.
He fthe President) cannot make laws to punish
defaulters, that plunder the public money. We,
the neoole's Representatives, must make the
- i r r .
laws, and he, the Executive, execute them.
In this case. Mr. Van Buren is cursed oy tne
fWosition for not executing aud nforcing laws
that thew absolute v stand here recorded mree
fir . , .,
times on these journals against enacting, and the
want of which has. no doubt, occasioneu an iue
losses by Swartwout, Price, and others, which
have since occurred : and. further, that it would
most certainly have saved the country from the
late suspension of specie payments, and all its
nresent ner.untarv difficulties, there cannot be a
single doubt : because our monetary affairs
would then have been settled ; tbe Government
would have kept its own money, and the banks
would not have relied on that drawn from the
neoDle to sustain their overissues, whilst they
won la have bean compelled to bring their busi
ness within prudent and just limits, relying on
their own mean, instead of those of the peopje
to pay their own debts, which they must finally
do. I, therefore, Mr. Chairman, hold the up,
position to this Administration responsible for
al! the sufferings of the people of this country,
in consequence of the losses of public - money
through defaulters since that time, which a
raounts to overs million; as also, for the stop
page of specie payments by the banks, with all
the many evils inflicted upon the country in
consequence of it. They had the power to have
prevented it. They refused to do so. I do not
thus charge them upon my own authority, or
upon the authority of newspaper slips or para
graphs, but upon their own recorded votes here
upon the journal. And,' Mr. Chairman, these
journals and records stand in politics like holy
writ does in morals, as incontrovertible truths,
that cannot be denied or evaded.
Mr. Wise here rose, and asked leave to put
a question to Mr. M. wnicn was granted. Air.
VV. inquired whether the gentleman from North
Carolina intended to say that the Opposition had
the majority in the Twenty-Fifth Congress.J.
Most certainly, Mr. M. continued: and I
state the fact from the very highest and best au
thority the recorded votes upon this journal.
Here it is on page 195 one hundred & nineteen
names in opposition to the bill No. 6 the great
Administration measure to relieve the - country
from the suffering produced by the unfaithful
ness and dishonesty of the Government agents
which was sufficiently great to justify a special
call of Congress at an expense to the people of
from $2UU,U0U .to 300,000. What was the
cause? Why a failure on the prt of the banks
to return thirty-two or more millions of the pub
lic money that had been collected from the peo
ple to pay the honest citizens who had just
claims against the Government.. This unfaith-.
fulness on the part of the banks had .brought
upon the Government the disgrace of bankrupt-
cy, tnougn it anoruea to. some gentlemen great
comfort and happiness. For a certain party in
our day ure the happiest when the people and
the country suffer most - This bill contained the
most salutary provisions to guard against the re
currence of similar evils, and in voting against
it, did the majority of the House perform that
duty to the country, and to the people which the
people have so loudly demanded at their hands?
No, sir, they provided by the issue of Treasury
notes in another bill, limited and temporary re
lief for one year only, to pay the immediate de
mands upon the Government, and to relieve it
from the state of bankruptcy brought upon it by
the banks; but that was tbe smallest part of the
duty they were called together to perform ; and
I will here take the occasion to say that,, by a
dozen or more Whigs voting with us on that oc
casion, we carried the bill, or it would have
been lost. But not one of them was from North
Carolina. But the most important and vital part
of the duty which we were called upon to per
form for the country, was to pass laws to secure
the public money, and raake its custody more
safe, so that when it might be called for, it
should not be found to be loaned out to specula
tors, stockjobbers, brokers, and others, in Wall
or Chestnut street, as had been the case in the
month of May preceding. The Administration
party wished to see tbe present state of things
put an end to by fine and imprisonment, and
such other precautionary measures as suggested
themselves, i hey proposed and voted lor these
salutary provisions, .while the Opposition voted
against them; the latter numbering .1 19 votes,
while the friends of the Admmistjation number
ed only 107, see journal page 195, showing a
clear majority of 12 votes.
fMr. Wise here rose arain. and asked leave
to explain, which was granted. . Mr.- W. said
he hoped the gentlemen from North Oaroina
would not publish to the world that the Opposi
tion in this House had a majority in the lwen-ty-fiuh
Congress, for it would be a ridiculous
statement: for the Administration Speaker and
Clerk were elected, and consequently the Op
position were in a minority.
Mr. Montgomery said that these elections
were no test of parties, and the gentleman -from
Virginia knew it, because they were not made
to turn on politics: but that the election of pub-
ie printer was a part' question, and taken in
connection with the vote above mentioned, am
most clearly prove beyond a doubt that the Ad
ministration was in a minority of from 12 to 21
votes in this House, at that time. This vote
for public Printer took place on the 7th of Sep-
tember, 1837,
and was decided en the 12ih bai-
ol fsee iournal. oae 42.1 and stands thus:, or
T. Allen, 113, Whigs and Conservaties, and
Blair and Rives, 101, Democrats; and Gales
and Seaton, 9. Whigs; making in all 223 votes
cast, of which the Administration candidates re-
ceived 101 votes, and the Opposition candidates
received 1 votes, anu snowing cieur majori
ty against-us of 21 votes. Can tbe gentleman
. it. ' rlf TXT I . I . tm
Irom Virginia iivir. vviskj prove mat iui uca
is a majority against 122 . It so, l deraana
his proof. If he has better proof than the re-
F , . : I l .. I :. Tl
corded votes in mis jourimi, ici us uao n. .i
not, the journal is right, and he is wrong.
Nothing can prove it but the modern Bank-Fed
eral Whig Pennsy l-ania arithmetic, which my
friend before me, Mr. Ramsey, stated in his
place on this floor, had numbered and returned
clear moiority ot one tnousanc votes ior nis
Whig colleague Mr. Cooppn in a single
township, where there were but three -hundred
am rpo-isterga votes, and which was not aeni-
A but admitted as true, Bv the above rule 01
a . . r
calculation, and by no other, can the gentleman
from Virginia make 101 votes a majority olhank paper in payment of the public dues
. n " ., J J J ,U ;A..rnal I . r . , J . . , ' . - J .
and ft nowr irtiirnxl must hf made, and this ex-
I'm. nere mev stana. recoraea u u.c
punged, or I am right and the gentleman irom
jr . . . r ' . r
Virginia wrong. 1 here insert a nsi oi mem-
hers bv States, as Ihrv are recordeu on tne
iournal with their nolitics marked, and which
J W J a a
J ... ' .V" r . . . . . ...
will not, nor cannot be denied, except oy muse
who deny any thing for- party purposes,
Maine. Democrats Messrs. Anderson, Far-
ris, Davee, Fairhera 4. - - eaeraw -
Davee, Fairfield 4. - Federalists Messrs.
Robinson, Evans, Noyes-3. Conservatnes-nr.
Smith 1 .
New Hampshire. .Messrs. Atherton, Cash
man, Farrington, Weeks, Williams 5.
Mnianrhiutett 71). Mr. PariT.enter -1. F .
Messrs. Fletcher, Saltonsall, Cusbing, Lincoln,
Grennell, Briffffs. Calhoun, Hastings, Borden,
Reed, Adams 11.
TthrulA TainnA. Jr iMeasrs. Tillinffhast; Craa
fnn 9
Connecticut D. Messrs. Toucey , Whittlesey,
Tnffham. Halew Phelrm. Orin 6.
Vermont flMr. Fletcher 1. F. Messrs.
Hall Klarip P!vorett. Allen 4.
' Nttta Ynrk. n Messrs. Vandeveer, Cambre
lens. Moore. Kemble. Titus. Jones, Broadhead,
Pratt, McClellan, Vail, Gallup, De Graft, Palmer,
Spencer, Loomis, Foster, Grant, Biromson. Pren
tiss, Parker, Beers, Gray, Taylor. BicknelLl&ble.
Birdsall, Andrews, Jackson 28. F Messrs.' Hoff
man, Curtis, Kussell, Sibley, Cbilds. Putnam, Peek,
Marvin, Fillmore, Mitchell 10. C Messrs. Ed
wards, Clark: 2.
New Jersey. F -Messrs. Aycigsr, Randolph,
Halsted, Maxwell, Strauon, Yorke 6.
Pennsylvania. Pay nter, Wagener, Keim,
Fry, Hubley, Reily, Logan, Shaffer, McClure, Pot
ter, Petrikiq, Hammond, Morris, Kliogensmith, Bu
chanan, Beatty, Plumer 17. F Messrs. Ser
geant, Toland, Naylor, Davies. Potts, Darlington,
Morris, Ogle, McKennont-Biddle, Henry II.
Delaware. F Mr. Milligan lj
Maryland. D Messrs. Worthington, How
ard, Thomas 3. F Messrs. Dennis, Kennedy,
Pearce, Johnson, Jen ifer5.
Virginia. D Messrs. Beirne, Bouldin, Coles,
Craig, Dromgoole, Johnson, Jones, Morgan, Banks,
Penny backer, Rives, Stuart 12. F Messrs.
Mallory, Mercer, Taliaferro, Wise 4. C. Mes
srs. uartand, Hopkins, Mason 3. Slate Rights
Messrs. Hunter, Robertson 2.
North Varolina. D Messrs. Bynum, Charles
Shepard, McKay, Hawkins, Mooteomery. Connor
fi. .F Messrs. Sawyer. Stanly. Deberrv. A.
H. Sheppard, Rencher, Graham, Williams 7.
South Carolina. D Messrs. Cam obeli. Grif
fin, Clowney, Elmore, Pickens, Richardson, Rheti
-t-7. F Mr. Thompson 1. C. Mr.Legare 1.
Georgia: D Messrs: Cleveland. Grantland.
Glascock, "Hay nes, Holsey, Jackson, Owens. Towns
8. F Mr. Dawson 1.
Kentucky. D Mr. Murrav 1. KMpir.
Rumsey, Underwood, Williams, Harlan, Calhoon,
Pope, Graves, White, Hawe3, Menefee, Chambers,
soutnzate vz.
Tennesse. D-r Messrs. McClellan, Turney,
Polk 3. -F--Messrs. Carter, Williams, Campbell,
Stone,aBelL Maury, Shields, Cheatham. Crockett,
wiuiams iu.
Ohio.-r-D Messrs. Duncan, Webster. Hamer,
Chaney. Leadbelter, Huntet, Sheplor, Swearingen
8. F Messrs. Geode. Loomis. Corwin. Mor
ris, Bond, Ridgway, Mason, Alexander, Harper,
Allen, Uiddmgs, Uomn 12.
Louisiana. D Mr. Ripley 1. F Messrs.
Johnson, Garland 2.
Indiana, U Mr. Boon 1. r Ewinj, Gra
ham. Dunn, Rariden, Herod, White 6.
Mississippi. Messrs. f rentiss, Word a.
Illinois. D Messrs. Snyder, Casey 2. F
Mr. May 1.
Alabama. D Messrs. Chapman, Lewis, Mar
tin 3. F Mr. Crabb 1. C Mr. Lyon 1.
Missouri. D Messrs. Harrison, Miller 2.
Arkansas, D Mr. YelL 1.
Michigan. D Mr. Crary 1.
Here stands the vote by States, marked as
thev voted on this great measure of security for
the safe-keeping of the people s money, and pun-
ishinsr those who improperly use it, or who
plunder it, as Swartwout has since aone, ana
who was recommended by a Whig paper, in
New York, as a "suitable candidate for the Vice
Presidency on the Whig ticket.
Mr. . Chairman, having now gone through
with the affairs of the 1st session of the 25th
Congress, and proved that the friends of this
Administration did make an enurt on their part
to obey toe call ol the people, ana to secure
more safely the public money, by proposing to
sever all connection between tne Urovernment
and the Banks who had proved false and un
faithful to their trusts, and to provide other
keepers thereof, whose fidelity and punctuality
was to be secured by the certainty of incurring
the pains and penalties of fine and imprison
ment for the opposite conduct: and having proved
also that the measure they proposed for these
objects fajled by a majority of twelve votes
thus relieving the Republican party from tbe
fearful responsibility of refusing to obey the just
and reasonable calls of the people to provide an
adequate remedy for their sufferings, as wejl as
to guard against future defalcations and suspen
sions with all their baneful conserruences. I will
now ook into the lournal ot the 2d session ol
the 25th Congress, and see what is there record-
ed. That srssion bgan on the 4th day of De
cember, J837, and ended on the 9th day July,
1838, amounting to two hundred and eighteen
days. The same members that composed the
first session composed tnis. un tne zom aay oi
" It V . . y- . f r
March. 1838. Senate bill INo. 157, containing
all the salutary provisions and safeguards which
were embodied in the bill of tbe House, of the ex-
tra session, relative to toe saie-Keeping ana ais
bursing of the public money, and punishing de
faulters, was sent us, it having passed that body
On the 27th day of March, and only one day
after it made its appearance in this House, on
motion by Mr. Patton of Virginia, it was laid
on tne tahle by a vole, 0f i06 yeas to 98 nays.
Tne ;ournais als0 show iMarch 2d, page 5131
,hat - similar bill fNo. 5971 with the same salu-
tar provisions, was reported to this House and
L;na(ra 1157 a vote siands recorded of 111 for
and 125 asrainst its passage. Thus. Mr. Chair
man, the journal shows page LI 571 that the op
position to this Administration in the 25th Con
gress still had a clear and determined majority
against us upon this great measure of finance so
much desired by the people and the Admin istra
tion party, for separating alt connection between
the Government and their unfaithful agents the
Banks, and against all laws providing' for the
sife-keeping and disbursing the public money.
The journals also show a settled and uxed deter-
" a . a j
mmation on tne pari oi tne same majority against
passing any laws for the- punishment of public
defaulters, for peculation and stealing: they
having three times solemnly recorded their names
against all propositions on that subject, and a-
nainst any compromise as to
the reception of
1 U. .L.. ii.- auru nnmcuH In ann
compromise whatever, it is only necessary l0
tin hill rNo KQ71 more acceptable, a snecial
UMHHA tk. m.ik -BiAavv tA mairA 1 hio last m An
-v mm f ' I
: " on A Hhta(t.r iK
1st of January, 1839, one-sixth part ot all pay,
meots to the Uovernraent snouid ne in coin-
1 reasury notes, or other legal acceptances of
the Government, and one-sixth to be added
nuaUy till the whole shall -he tnus paid." a nus,
nuaUy tji lne whole sball.be thus paid." Thus,
hegir;ning with 0ne-sixtb specie, and adding one-
sixth annually, thereby giving the Banks five
years to prepare for the state of things resulting
from a collection or tne revenues exclusively in
t ..I 1 ?
r..nnni7l K th nanstitution.
tu: nM.;:;An rmimrtA fi Whior nd
Conservative vote of 125 to 111 a majority of
... ...
JL 1119 UIVV 191VU " -J- J -JJfc
i a Tk. San.t. Kill n similar nno nraalthA rreasurv aurini? ine veir 100, imwim.ii.
.J - f IHAtn OS a main'itr
0 .. rwu- .t thuaiTtra tuMinn n r.
jected bv a vote of 119 to 107 majority of 12
0 V utro, a. tra w
TUirOf iia k nmvvi mw .v w .
Uatimnr faiiDi in ihrn rAnrfn fliipmnrn
made at the first and second sessions of the
Twenty-fifth Congress to separate the keeping of
the people's money for the banks; having failed
in bur atternpts to enact any . additional laws tor
punish public defaulters : and also having failed'
to effect a' copToratse by offering to take one
sixth part of our revenues arfnuafly for five years
in specie, and the balance in good bank paper
we despaired ofdofofr any thing', and the whole
subject was referred to" th'o'soereign people for
their decision. They have given" a verdict, & we
will soon see what that verdict irt . I believe they
have returned to the Twentysiiih Congress in
this House from one hundred and twenty to one'
hundred and thirty professed aird instructed
members in favqr oJTa separation of the keeping
of the public money from tbe banks,' thereby prov
ing (hat the people wish and are, now lor this'
measure, -as well as for penal laws to prevent
peculation on the public funds; and if arny now
desert, let him," Arnold-like, have a face both'
ways in ail future time. At the third session of
the Twenty-fifth Congress, the same members
being-present who had three times voted ocainsT
these important measure; Wer hot having the'
power to passjheffi, rand- they .having the power
to prevent their 'passage, no further effort was
then made tar that purpose, and the' responsibility
rested an them, and not on us. nor upon the
President. We had done our duty.: they had not
done theirs.
I now, Mr. Chairman, propose to, ex's mine
into the causes which have led to the present
embarrassed condition of your public Treasury,
which, if not already in a state of actual bank
ruptcy, is in daily and imminent danger of be
coming so j and, therefore,, imperatively requiring
the speedy passage of the bill on your table.- I
do not rely on rumor.' nor newspaper para
graphs, nor do I intend to charge the state of
things I have -adverted to, to the proper quarter
on my own authority merely ; but it is my purpose
to rivet my charges there by the facts contained
in these three volumes, and the votes of members
of this House during the whole of the three ses
sions of the Twenty-fifth Cong'ress, when the
Opposition, as I have already shown, had a ma
majority here, and received pay .for 'more legis
lative days" than at any previous Congress since
our Government has existed the trrst session
being 43 days, the second 218, and the third 91
nays, making an aggregate during that Congress
of 352 days, and wanting only thirteen days of
one whole calendar year; or .one-hall ot the
whole time for which they were elected.
During the whole of this time, the people of
this country were suffering intensely for the
want of some legislati ve action of Congress, and
which Congress was, in September, 1837, spe-
cially called to act upon, and relieve the erribar- .
I I t I " .1 .!.Lf..l
rassments occasioned soieiy oy me uniauuiui
ness of the depositaries of the public money, and
the remedy for which alone rested with Con
gress. .1 have proved, by the journals, that the
Opposition had voted down three salutary acts of
permanent relief, and that the only relief which
had been granted during that period, was the
passage of the Treasury Note bill now befor" ua
a temporary measure only, limited to one year
at a time, and no longer, relieving only the Go
vernment's wants, while the people in the mass
had no relief. But even that poor and limited
relief gives no credit to modern Federal Whig-
gery, tor on the passage oi tne nrst l reasury
Note rill, which is recorded on the, journal,
p. 179, of tbe extra session, there were 127 yeas
and 98 nays, and among the 127 yeas there are
1 1 Whigs and Bank Conservatives, whose names
I insert as an act of iustice, viz: Messrs. N. B.
Borden, (Mass.) J. Calhoun, (Mass.) J. C. Clark,
(N. Y.) J. Garland, (Va.) It. Garland, (In.) J.
M. Mason. ( Va.) J. P. B. Maxwell. (IN. J.) J. U.
Noyes, (Conn.) J. Pope, (ivy.) J. Jtariden, (la.)
and F. O. J. Smith, (Me.) These eleven votes
were mostly Whigs then, and are all Whigs of.
tne aeepesi aye now.
j nus, ivir. inairman, tnis
tnat whatever may have
vote is another proof
been intended by tbe Opposition, (for with their
motives I have nothing. to do, their acts, as a
body, with the exception of the eleven who voted
. r a 1- 1 . .a
with us at the extra session, aid suuiect tne go
vernment to utter bankruptcy & disgrace. There
were 17 votes nor given on mat occasion sicg,
behind the columns, or elsewhere. At the second
session of the the 25th Congress, on page 391 of
the journal-r-May 16th the. act for the issue of
t reasury notes was renewea ior one yenr oniy,
by a vote of 103 yeas to 94 nays, there not being
ene single Whig vote to be found in the affirm
ative. Thus the record- does not show that at
this long session of 218 days, a single Whig did
vote to raise and provide 4 he. means to save tne
ceur.try from bankruptcy, or to provide a single
dollar to pay either their own eight dollars per
diem, or the $38,413,064 87 appropriated at this
nd the extra session, for which the Whigs, as a
body, voted for every dollar, never having given
more than 35 Whig votes against the passage oi
any one of the appropriation bills, containing tbe
whole $38,413,064 87. Bee the recorded .vote
against bill No: 676, page 1034, journal of the
2nd session, 25th Congress, being the bill for the
suppression of Indian hostilities, appropriating
86,739,410 41. Here the Whigs, who voted
agamsUhe Treasury Note bill for supplying the
wants of the Government, voted for these unusu
ally large appropriations, much tbe largest ever
made tor any one year since the formation oi
this Government. With these facts before their
eyes, and with these tables contained in the re
port of the Secretary ot tne l reasury, cno. 4,
made to this House at the meeting of that ses-
s,on. showing the tact ipnge 4 mat tne estimated
Tn I revenue expecieu 10 ue ucnvcu iiuiu an suiiitu,
QtiriflE IDal YCa I. IU UICCI IUC BDUIVUIiailVUI UI
I.. ... ... ..
the year, would not exceed the sum of 831.959.-
I I oi .tiliiu v ua v -
was this: instead of yielding the sum of 831.
IvA.a.Aaw 1 . WT A M J .
95y.7o7. (see document 10. , page , oru oes-
. "i 7X1 rT'"
M ; Yu . C
paid into the Treasury during that year, being
less bv the sum of 87.807.031 66 than the esti-
mouc Tka timsitM far 1 S3Q were 128.780.-
"- ; - - . ry .;,
UUU-amou eceiv eo not yet ascewa.neu . wu
Mul '
How. then. Mr. Chairman, these modern
Bank Federal Whigs could calculate on paying
la debt nnon the Treasury, bv them created for
1 R28 amounting to 838.413.064 87, with the
i-T',-r -. - . A
sum of 824,152,655 34. the receipts paiu imo
I m 1 .1 ... 1 OOu f.v.ln.iiia
nil ni transnrv notes, against WblCh thCV VOted.J I
nm at a loss to divine. How could they calcu-
I . , . . ' . ,
late on the Secretary paying ine iuiriy-wgu
with twentv-four millions f Uxa they
f-w. ......
miiiinns wun wenivivui
I not know that bankruptcy, under these large ap-
propriations over tne income, was certain, wun-
out Treasury notes junu iuey wisu oHrwj-
t
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