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. - . PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY VIL.IjIAjU W. IIOIiDEIV, EDITOR JWD PROPRIETOR. THE CONSTITUTION AHD THE UNION OF THE STATES THEY "MUST BE PRESERVED.' -VOLUME X. NUMBER '470. ' TfSnns 3 PGR AN X9V$i 'i'l RALEIGH, W. C, WEIVESDA Y, WOVEHBER 1, 1843 ,.. . .... , ..... . : z r r ...i,, i . , uui v-- : F PJtrJiBLE IJV JlDVJlJVCE. ? fA TERMS. THE NORTH CAROLINA STANDARD IS PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. Those persons who remit by Mail (postage paid) Five Dollars, will be entitled to a Teceipt for Six Dollars, or two vears' subscription to the Standard one eopy two years, or two copies one year. tw four conies. : : : $10 00 ten " : : : 20 00 , -. : 35 00 f he same rate for six months. &3Any person procuring and forwarding five subscribers, with the cash ($15), will be entitled to the Standard ' one year free of charge. Advertisements, not exceeding fourteen lines, will be inserted one time for One Dollar, and twenty-five cents for each subsequent insertion ; those of greater length, in proportion. Court Orders and Judicial Ad vertisements will be charged twenty-five per cent higher than the above rates. dedaction of 33 1-3 percent, will be made to those who advertise by the vear. (jej- If the number of insertions be not marked on them, they will be continued until ordered out. Le:ters to the Editor must come free of postage, or they may not be attended to. Saturday, October 28, 1 843. For the North Carolina Standard. Mr. Holden: Allow me to ask the republi cation in your paper of the able pamphlet on the subject of a "National Convention," herewith submitted. It contains, as I conceive, sound con stitutional doctrine, fairly and candidly stated; and which cannot fail to be read by all who fed an interest in the subject As our State Convention is to meet on the 14th of December, it is to be hoped this matter will be well considered and nothing will be done or attempted calculated in any de gree to disturb that good understanding which now so fortunately exists in the Democratic ranks. Not only does it seem to me, that the arguments in favor of the District system are unanswerable, but with us in this State, there has been but one opinion amongst the republican party. As early as-1815 or 1816, resolutions were reported from a republican committee, recommending in the strongest terms an amendment. of the Federal Constitution, so as to render the District system in the choice of Electors, uniform throughout the United States. Those resolutions were unani mously adopted by the Legislature. And as far as public demonstration has shown, there has been but one sentiment on the subject in the State since. It canuol be supposed at the present day, that to answer any purpose, a different course will be adopted. It seems now to be g?neral!y under stood with us, that our Delegates to the National Convention are to be chosen by Congressional Districts, and then two ns representing thebtite by the Convention. It is-further understood that delegates thus chosen are to bo left free to carry out what they may be led to suppose to be the wishes of the people. If this shall be done. aH miv he- rirrht hut should a different course be ntirmntrd. it is feared the consequence may be j j - distraction and disunion, where now exist harmo ny and union. A DEMOCRAT. Democratic IVational Convention. It is now universally believed by Republicans, ana aainittea oy many wings, i i ... i i iitl: that the De the United mocratic party has a majority in Statps. Union is necessary to srive that ma that jority the ascendancy, and to enable it to elect a Republican President. If the party do not con centrate its strength on one candidate, it is proba ble that the election will devolve, according to the provisions of the Constitution, on the House of Representatives, a contingency to be avoided, if practicable, consistently with the rights and dig nity of the several Slates. To effect the necessary concentration of force, a National Convention of the Republican party is admitted by all to be expr-dieot ; but to ensure harmony when assembled, it must be formed on principles of equal justice to all the States whose d(.lerates compose it. Any other basis of asso ciation will prove delusive, nay, more, must and will inevitably produce discord and distraction in place of the conceit of action whicli is the only legitimate object of a Convention ; for the mino rity can never be induced to surrender its prefer ences cheerfully, and cordially co-operate in the election of a nominee who is not its choice, but by a thorough conviction that due weight has been given to its numbqrs, perfect freedom allowed for j 1 the expression of its opinions and feelings, and all its rights most scrupulously respected. How ought the Contention to be formal 1 Three modes have been proposed ; The first mode proposes that delegates, should be chosen in each State by the Republican voters in districts, as in the formation of State Conventions, one - for each Congressional District, and two by a State Convention, or the Democratic members of the State Legislature in convention, being equal j m number, like the electors ot President and Vice-pTesident under the Constitution, to the Sen ators and Representatives in Congress. Where a State is not divided into districts, the delegates to be chosen in such manner as the Republican parly in such State may deem most advisable, and best calculated to ensure a true expression of the will of the people. The delegates to vote per capita. The secondmode proposes that a general tick et of delegates, equal in number to the Senators and Representatives in Congress in each State, should be appointed by a State Convention, and to cast together the whole vote of the State. The third" pro poses that four delegates in each Congressional District should be appointed, a majority of whom, in convention, to decide how the i whole vote of the State shall be given." The first system was first proposed by. the De mocratic Republican members of the Legislature of Maryland in convention, and adopted by them unanimously, without any difference whatever be tween individuals on account of their preferences for one or the other of the distinguished men who have been named as suitable candidates for the Presidency. This unanimity was induced by the perfect fairness of the plan ; by its justice and impartiality to all the States, whether large or srnill ; by its truly Republican character in bring- ing the election of the delegates borne to the peo; pie, and giving a free expression and representa tion of the opinions of the minority, and its adapt. ation to bring out a full and fair expression of the public will. The plan has, accordingly re ceived the sanction and approbation of the New England and all the other States which have yet pronounced their opinion, except Pennsylvania : Georgia can hardly be considered an exception, as it adopted the general ticket from necessity, there being no congressional districts laid off. It will probably be adopted by a great majority, if not all the rest ot the Estates. , . , The second system has been distinctly adopted by Pennsylvania only, being considered anti-Democratic, inasmuchsas it takes the election of the delegates to the Convention from the people, ana transfers it to a body . removed from them, and therefore liable to be controlled by selfish and in triguing politicians, and because it destroys the just influence of the smaller States ; while oh the contrary, the district system, with the per capita, or independent individual voting, is just and equal to all, ami while ltis essential for the preservation of the rights of the smaller States, cannot possibly injure the large. The third plan has been adopted by Virginia only, and as her example has been followed by none, it is probable that, seeing theelection by dis trict and voting per capita adopted by nearly all the other States, it will adopt them also, after ma ture reflection, and from a magnanimous spirit of conciliation. The general ticket system of appointing the delegates and of voting has been advocated ,by several highly respectable journals in New York, as well as some of her leading and influential po liticians, and therefore, entitles it to respectful con sideration in comparison with the Maryland plan. A nomination of candidates lor the Presidency and Vice-presidency fey a National Convention is proceeding, it is hardly necessary to say, un known to the- Constitution, and, if acquiesced in, a substitute, so far as party is concerned, lor an election. To prevent its becoming an annulment of the Constitution,, the spirit of the Constitution, so far a practicable, should dictate the mode of the election and action of the delegates in Con vention. The great commentary oa the Consti tution, which led "to its adoption, by Madison, Hamilton, anq Jay,lhe first bemg the principal writer, leaves no doubt that it was intended by its framers that the choice of the President and Vice president should be in conformity with the wil I of the Union, without giving the States any distinct and Separate influence except so far as to add two to the number of electors to' which" each State from fts federal numbers was entitled, combining to this extent, and no farther, the federal with the popu lar principle. That such was their intention is nroved bv the exnress declaration to that enect in the commentary of those great men. In the 6Sth J - - -r . number, they say "it was desirable that the sense (surier.aer tueir preference ior me general iicKei, of the people should operate in the choice of the if they are truly desirous of harmony and con person to whom so important a trust was to be - cert with the other states? confided. This end' will be answered by com- J It is well known that one of the greatest diffi mininrr th ritrhf nf miil.-mrr it tint In a.nii mre-fs. culties in forming- the Constitution arose from the I 7 ;.- ImJn hut tn mrn f.4.fl.?-)i hv the venule for the svec'ial wvrpose and al the particular : " - - . . conjuncture. Agani : "they have relerred it" (the lection of the Pri'si lent.) "in-the first instance, to in im me il'i alp. art ot the. neonle of America, to be exerted in the choice of persons for the temporary and sole purpose of making the appointment. ' That it was their intention that the. voice oi the people should prevail in the presidential election, is farther proved by the early practice, which it is believed wa3 general, of choosing electors by dis tricts. It is proved, moreover by the mode of vo- -l-j" i . I. i"i img per capita Demg prescrioea oy me uuusuiu tion, which implies that each individual elector shall have an indeDendent voice: for as votm? per capita is the corollary of district election, so it is evidence that election by separate districts was in the. contemplation of those who pre-scribr-d that mode of voting, which, without dis trict election, would be nugatory. Finally, it is proved beyond all doubt, that t waathe intention of the Constitution that the election of President should not be by Slates in the first instance, inas much as it provides expressly that it should be by States in the last resort, each giving one rote as equal sovereigns in default of an election by the people. Such is, undoubtedly, the spirit of the Consti tution, and the intention of its framers, who left it to the Statrs to prescribe the mode of electing the presidential electors, in the expectation, no uoubt, that, in the exercise of this power, they would ful- fil the intention of the Constitution; but this pow er has been abused by both parties to promote their respective views against each other; and the adoption of the general ticket system. by a majority of the States, left no option to the rest but to adopt it also, or lose all influence in the election. The necessary effect of this nas been diminish . the .direct influence of the people the choice of. electors, and to throw it into in the hands of political managers in each oi the States. Congress perceiving this to.be the ten dency of the general ticket system in the. elec tion of its members, has provided ty law for the district system in future ; and it is to be hoped that the people will call so loudly for the restoration of the Constitution to it3' original meaning as to hrino- about a uniform mode of choosing electors ! of President and Vice-president by district. -But the people, in the selection oi tneir aeie-o-ntrs to a National Convention, are, fortunate fy, trammelled by no ldws prescribing the gene ral tickt ; and it is their duty as well as right to reject the general ticket 'system, so destructive of their own influence, and so irreconcilable to the spirit of the Constitution,' and adopt the origin al practice under it of choosing electors by district, and apply it to the election of delegates to the National Convention. From the above remarks it will be seen-that, it u nonpr.nl ticket or State system is al- L11UU"U me t:-". - -- - j . Imvfxl hv the -letter oS the Constitution, it has Knrx United for nartv purposes.. in their conflicts for the mastery, in contravention of its spirit ; that the district system of election, on the contra ry is not only, according to the letter, but in com plete conformity with and in pursuance of the spirit or soul and true original meaning of that sacred instrument; and that Jf this be not deci sive in favor of the district system for appointing d.-len-atrs to the National Convention, its manifest justice, its conformity to the leading principle of the Republican party to bring home and secure to the people a practical control in the election of their chief magistrate -its tendency to put, down the influence of selfish intriguers and trading politi ,.;, tlx, nrntertion it offers to the rights of the minority, and the security it gives to me maintenance of the just influence and dignity of the'srnaller States in a word, its equal justice to lall'the States, large as well as small, and its adapt ation-to. the i development of the general will, comftrte it loathe people oC the- United States witb. pijfcrce and: -power which must be irresista ble and ensure its adoption if it be properly un derstood, and its importance to the preservation of liberty and equal rights be duly appreciated; 1 hose whecontend tor the maintenance of the State influence in. the appointment of delegates to the Conventmn, and make appeals to the pride of the large States of Virginia and New York-, to induce thern to keep their influence undimmsh ed by division, lose sight of the true object of a Na tional Convention, and act as if they were marshal ing their forces against adversaries who are to be beaten out of the field, and crushed, instead of com ing into consultation with friends for the common good, and to promote the general harmony, where the least privilege that can be allowed to minori ties a privilege indeed, which cannot, without the grossest injusticeand oppression3be denied is to give a fair" opportunity for the independent expres sion of opinion, coming from whatever state os part of astate it may, and to promote the success of its wishes by fair and rre -argument. is thus, ana thus only, that minorities, whih, from the necessi ty of common action, mustjj the-end yield, can be reconciledUa co-operate zealously in. support ef the decision of the majority against tb-eir wishes, alhd thus secure the attainment of the oBTy legiti mate object of a National Convention, concert of action at whatever sacrifice f personal prfereaces, as to the general wjio is to command ia the. battle, when the conflict wtthlhe common Teneray at last comes on. Those who adVocate state representation by gen eral ticket, do. aot deiy tSa district representation is nerfectfv iair And mst to taeiarrer states, ana truly Republican in its character, as -Ji . J ... . J7 . ' ' - - is bringing drfect agen - home the selection of candidates fe the cy of the people. While, on the other hand, the- irienos oi tne aistrict system, ana per cu-aua -vuuugi consider the general ticket as unjust and unequal, destructive of the rights of the smaUer states, and calculated to excite jealousies and heart-burnings; as anti-Democratic, because it withdrawsjhe election of delegates from-tlie people,and tends to place it in the hands of intripHrinj? and selfish politicians. By agreeing, then, to the district system, ad jper cap ita Totingjin compliance with the anxious aesjreot the other states, VirgimXand the leading politicians of New-Yok are called on to make no sacrifice of their just Tights ; while the other state consid er themselveswhen told by the politicians of Vir ginia and New-York that they have a right 4o a dopt what mode they please to appoint their dele gates, and intend to-take the general ticket system, as a menace with a refusal of justice, an intoler- oble oppression, and a deprivation of their dearest ! rights. Does not this view ot the teenngs ot the . I - . . ... ; parties make a strong appeal to the large states to necessity of reconciling the claun3 of the smnl er .'states which, regard. J as sovereign communi- i" i ties, are, under all codes oinauonal law, consider-.; ed equal to havp an equal uiflurnce-with ihe larjre states in annointincr the cltiif mao-tsrTote. The large states, on the other hand, claimed to have an influence proportioned to their population The matter was finally compromised by- giving ! electors to all the states in proportion to federal ! numbers, with the addition of two to each state, without regard to-lheir. population, m acknowl edgement of their equal sovereignty, accompanied, however, with the provision that the mode of vot ing in the electoral college should he per capita; that is, that each elector hould' give an indepen dent single vote an impossibility under the gen eral ticket system which, by exposing the influ ence of the large states to be diminished by divis ion, took frorn them the p wer to crush the small er states, and gave a voice to minorities in the states, which the general ticket system entirely si lences. It was, moreover, provided, in the compromise in favour of the smaller states, that in case of no e Icction by the electoral college, chosen by the peo ple, the choice of President should devolve on the Houses of Representatives, where the equality of sovereign states was acknowledged, and the ma jority of the representatives of each gave one, and but one vote, to that one of the three candidates who had received the highest number of votes in the electoral college. Such was the compromise between the large and small Suites, by which the contested question as to their relative influence in the mode of elect ing the President and Vice President was set tled. We have seen, in the coutse of these remarks, how, in the conflicts of party, the voting per capi ta has been virtually nullified by the adoption of the general ticket system of appointing electors But there is manifestly no reason why, in the con stitution of a convention of political friends, as sembled to preserve harmony and secure concert of action for the common good, the'generaHicket system of voting should be adopted, by which, in the selection of candidates for the Presi 'ency, not only the smaller States are crushed "by the large, but by which is jilenced the voice of a large por tion of our common political friends in each State, who, on every principle of justice, equity, and brotherhood in political principles, have an equal- right with ail others to be heard,: though, after all have been heard, and votl their individual and unbiased sentiments, they must finally submit and surrender their -pretervnees, if still found in the minority of the whole. And this "they will do cheerfully after a fair hearing, but not be fore. On the contrary, the Very fact that the desire of victoryDY one party over the other has, through the adoption of the general ticket in choosing. electors, annihilated the advantage intended by the Constitution to be Secured to the smaller States by the vote per capita anords the strongest reason for restoring it to the smaller States in the forma tion of the convention for nominationthe object of which is to pTevent the ejection comjng into the House of Representatives, and, of course, to deprive the smaller States of the chance of the equal vote which the Constitution gives them in that contingency. Surely, surely, then, when they are called upon to aid in curtailing their own undisputed constitutional power and advantage as to the election of the President, the least they can expect in return from the large States, is to be allowed, in the formation and action of the nomi- ; nating Convention, the advantage of district elec- ,uon ana voung per capua, ongmaiiy uuenueu uy ! the Constitution in the election and voting of the elecloral college. Or, if the larger States, can trary to all reasonable expectation, insist on voting ny btates ia tfee Convention, then ret them come down to the footing of equality with the smaller States, prescribed by the- -Cotistitulion, when the election of President comes to the House of Rep- reseniaiives, ana me voting is vy oiaies -eacn State, in virtue of its sovereignty, giving one vote, There are but two modes of voting -knaw la the Constitution -the.one.er capita, irad the other by Sfat.es. When the former is employed, each State has electors in proportion to federal -numbers, each f lector voting one independent votej but when the vote-is taken by States, their origi nal equality revives, and but oe vote is allowed to each State. Let the larger States, then, choose on mode of voting or the other. If they reject the equal vote, prescribed by rhg Constitution when the vote is given b States, and choose the mode of voting per capita, let them, like the other States, take the chance of .having their influence divided, and let them not,' according to the advice of some grasping politicians'who, if tfreydo not desire to. break up the Convention, so necessary to success against our common adversary, recom mend the course best-calculated for that purpose, insist on imposing conditions on the smaller Slates too unreasonable, unjust, and degrading to be sub mitted to, and in a dictatorial and menacing tone claim to vote by States, but to count per capita, and thereby secure to themselves the advantages of both modes of voting, and to be exempt-, at the same time, from tha disadvantages of botfi. A writer in " KendaH's Expositor," whose pro duction is republished m t-he " Arbany Argns " for the benefit of (he New York Convention, about to meet at Syracuse, and for whose instruction, perhaps, it was originally written, contends for the right of the large States to vote bygeneral I ticket, and urge? the 'exercise of it; and ilkrsfratcs f his doctrine by the follovritrgase : He supposes that if New York shouid elecT delesrates to the Convention by districts, there might be given. twenty votes to Air. Van Buren, and sixteen to Mr. Calhoun; that is, that five ninths of the Democratic votes in New York are in favor of Mr. Van Buren, and foar ninths for Mr Cal houn. He then "contends that New York can rightfully claim, and ought to claim by adopting the general ticket system, through the agency of a State Convention, not only to silence the'voice of four ninths of the Republican voters but impress them into the service of the majority, to heat down and crush the majorities in oiher States-. Lot us do no injustice to this writer. Tke following are his words: "New York," says he, "has thirty six votes in the election of President and Vice President, and South Carolina nine, ? be given by a majority of each State. Ask a majority of the New York Democracy,. Whom do you prc- ter f Ihe answer is. Air. van tJuREij. Asic a mafority of the S. Carolina Democracy, Whom do youwirrfer ? The answer is, Mr. Calhoun The Convention thus ascertains that in those two States Mr. Van Buren ivonld probably receive thirty-six Votes, and Mr. Calhoun nine. But cut up the State intQ as many districUas thry have selectors, and ask a maiontyot each district whom they prefer. Twenty districts in "New Yfak may a nswej- mr. van upren, nna sixteen in nc m Mr i tvt i ork, and nine in fcouth Carolina, may answer Mr. Calhoun. Thus in those two States Mr. Van Buren would get twenty votes, and? Mr. Calhoun Cwcnlv-fice. when" those who are to give voles declare t!:at, by no possibility, in a con test for the Presidency between the two, could Air. Calhoun command more than nine out of the forty-five." Such is the doctrine, and such its results. Can there be a stronger illustration of the iniquity of general or State tickets, by which, when it is ad mitted Mr. Calhoun has twenty-five votes in his favor, and Mr. Van Buren only twenty, by the hocus-pocus of political mgslers, in a Slate Con vention, thirty-six maybe made to appear for Mr. Van B-uren, thowgh fairly entitled to only twen ty, nnd orrly nine for Mr. Calhoun, though he is fairly entitled to twenty-five! Let us pause and ask any true Republican, any real and sin cere Democrat, who is a friend to equal eights, who believes fn the sovereignty of the people, and recognises the principle thai, when the popular .will is fairly and deliberately ascertained, it should be obeyed : let me ask him. il JNew xorlc and South Carolina have together forty-fire rotes. twenlv-noe of which are for Mr. Calhoun and only twenty for Mr. Van BuRKif,;whtther it be irot right and just that, in a convention of political friends, belonging to the - same party, professing the same principles, and assembled solely for the object of obtaining a fair and just expression of the will of the parly, twenty five of, the forty-five votes should be given to Mr. CALrioiiN, and twen ty to Mr. Van Buren ?r Or must a minority, consisting of twenty, control a majority consisting of twenty-five, merely because the twenty reside in New York, and -constitute a jnajority of the thirlv-iix votes belonging to that State 1 What say those m New York to whom belong the six teen suppressed votes, and who prefer; Afr. Cal houn to Mr. Van BureV, though residing- in the same State with the latter ? Are they willing to have their voice silencednay, more, , made to speak-a language contrary to their wishes, and become the instruments of annihilating, not only the weight of the nine votes of S. Carolina, bat twenty-three other votes in some other States, which sympathize with them in attachment to Air. Cal houn? Are they willing that their sixteen votes shall not only be diverted from their favorite can didate, but given to Air. Van Buren' contrary to their, will, .thereby giving him a comparative strength of thirty-two votes more than of right be long to him H In the name of justice -and equal rights, is thi3 Republicanism? Is this Democracy?- Is this the fruits of ourinstitutions? Are our people so tame in spirit as not to revolt against this outrage? "Qan Americans practice or submit to such injustice 1 h But the sentiments uttered, and the language used, might well be expected from a writer, who, m another part of his masterly effort at mystifica tion, os if in scorn of all popular and Republican institutions, and with the design to bring them in to contempt, holds the following language: "It will be of n.0 use to-inquire in whose favor are a majority oQhe people of the United States men, women, children, black, white, and mulatto. Nor wihi it be of any use to inquire which candidate is preferred by a majority of the voters, who elect" And yet this writer in favor of State against popu lar supremacy is said to be a late cabinet officer of Mr. Van Buren, and his genuine Democracy! is endorsed by the Albany Argus said to be the organ of Mr. Van Buren' s sentiments ! Never had man more cause to try out, "Save me from my friends 1" for if any thing is well calculated to make IS. York odious among her sister States, ana lojnaispose iDem to support Mr. VaV Burtn h is ine promulgation of such anu-American sen laments. I o these we may add the remarks on the above production : The suggestion toey" rays iae aany ATgua "that the selection ol delegates to the National Convention bv Conres- Isional Districts in this State, Inight be the means giving the vote of New York to a candidate was not Jier first choice, should be constant rne tJlMind in all the-dirfrussinns ihx( on tO arise OUt of this ftntinn ' -' 1 his , language is jn eaact cenformitv to the sentiment above quoted, that "it is of no use to- in quire in whose favor tire a majority of the people of the United States, or which candidate is prefer- reu oy a majority oi the voters w"ho- elect." Ac- ""o w iuii wincr, --me irqe point 01 inquiry is to ascertainnvhich of the Democratic candidates is likely to concentrate the most votes in fhe elec tion,1 by which he means electoral voles appoint ea in general ticket frv Slates. In another nlaee. epeakin-g of the electorof Ne-flTYotl he says, a nose wno are-to give the votes declare, that by no possibility fn a contest- for the Presidency be- uoun), "could Mr. Calhoun coarnand more than - ...u-, ui. r u u is.cn UMU Mil. VyAA,- nine oi the tortv-hve votes" befnnorino- An Ttft York and South Carolina. All these sendmpnts ana doctrines the- Arrns annrovm nnd rnm O r I ) ..- win menus to me aappuon oi his readers ! And is it really true thafihe Republican party of the meat oiaie oi iNew x orK considers the National Con vention as a field where hostile forces of different btates are to be arrayed against.eajJi other 1 or is it to be, what other States sunoose:a ffiendlv con- Buuauon amonr brethren and eauals of the same principles, assembled from all pan? of the Union with a sincere desire to ascertain to whom, ac cording tonhe wiHofhe Republican party fairly expressea, me wflore et trie AJeroocratic votes, the L : .. J XT IT" T I T .1 I.I wnriv-3'.j, vj mew xoTKtncittaea,aGiigit the-nom-iaeflibortld not be the first choice of that great and the first choice of that great and respectable State, should be civenin a contest be tween him and the nominee ef the Whigs? If it be true that candidates for nomination, if not the favorites of New Yrk, -though the choiae of a majority ot the Republican party jrcthe Union, can by no possibility recerve the votes of New onr, is time mat tne other btates should know it. And it is time.also, that Air. Vn Buren. for his own sake, should disavow the sentiments uttered bv his intimate friends, unless hek wilhW to occupy the odious position, in which they are juavuig ms oiaie, ui uiciaior ia ioe union, mreat- mm m . A enmg denunciation -gamst all candidates except her own first choice. Such are seme of the unjust and onwessive. unequal and antT-Republicaa consequences that would flow from the adoption ef the system off voting fcy States, accomparried, as claimed, witbl counting par capita. ven though the system should be adopted by nM the States- wtrfek, how ever, has now beCouK-impossible from the large rmmber of -States winch have already tdecided for the district system with voting per capita, and-4jie disposition manifested in- all the others, who nave not yet acted en the subject, to adopt the am if we except the leading politicians in ' New-York, suii itsxmifoF-imty,' oppressive to lhe small States as it is, and objectionable as it is in many other points of view would give it some appearance of la i mess, But knowing that ins now impossible to get even a majority of the States, or even, one third part of them to adopt it, certain leading poll ticians in Virginia and New-York have broached a now doctrine id fuit their case and inclinations, and nut it forth ex cathedra, and with a magis terial air of infallibility, as if. its truth Was -not to be questioned. r . Mr. Ritchie, of the "Richmond Enquirer," in his comments en the Convention of South 3aro- Jina, saysy 'rEach State must be left free,, and will be free, to pursue its favorite plana and adopt its own course of iatermf diate action. Tha dele gates from each State, however appointed must be permitted tameet in grand cowrie i I, -and partici pate m the de 1 1 Derations- and decisions pf the Con vention. The fact of n bana ie election or ap pointment oan ha-tha only test of a right to occu py a seat among the assembled delegates." " For ourselves, too, we claim the rigid to decide, whe ther our electoral voice shall "be given separately per capita, or announced aggregately by our del- gation. -Opinions iike these have also, if we are not greatly mistaken, been authoritatively put forth hy the "Albany Argus, The position is, that each State has a right to appoint its delegate, and prescribe their mode of voting tn such manner as it pleases, whether ag gregately or per capita. Notwithstanding the con fident air with which the truth of this position has been assumed, ve venture t sk, neverthe less, Is it true?". If either Virginia or New York chooses to have a Convention to regulate their own matters, I admit that nb other State has any riVht to mira tion either its formation or Hs mode of action ; fetrt when a Convention is formed by several States which has authority to affect and decide upon the interests pf- all, there rriust be -some basi of asso ciation to which all the parties, composing fhe Convention assent The one most obvious -and necessary is equality. Hut what equality can there-be between States, some of whose delegates cast an aggregate vote, counting per capita, hofi ever, and others divided votes? What equality can there be bet weea. States where the voice of the minority is excluded,' a nf others where "it is admitted? Let us suppose the case which has heretofore fteen considered for illustration, in or- dero make our ideas clearly understood : If New York, through a btate Convention, appoint tmrty- six delegates, and instruct them to vote aggregately she will on all occasions have the weigli, In com parison with other States, of tuirty-six of the whole number of-votes in tivor f her-favorite candidate. If on the contrary, she should adopt the plan of district delegation and noting per capita and twenty of her. delegates should prefer Air. Van Buren and sixteen Air. Calhoun, New York in this cas6r sixteen of the votes given for Air. Van Buren being neutralized by the.six- teen, givenjbr Air Calhoun, would have thejrom parative weighfonly of four votes, or, oneT&icth part only of the weight she would iave whentvot-.f ing aggregaieiy tuiu coiruupg per cavuu, uuntr ut general iicKet . yvnu mis is me comparative weight which she would be fairly entitled to ex ercise in favor of one candidate against another professing the same principles and advocating the same measures in a Convention of States, all hav ing district delegations and percapila voting, and all, therefore, liable, like herself, to have a divid ed influence from giving a fair and proportionate voice to their minorities; a weight not to be exert ed against the candidate, who is preferred by a majority of the delegates from ' New Yor i;t jn favor of a hostile candidate of ar Afferent party,, professing-ad verse pYinciprcs1 and advocating ad verse measures, out injfivor of another candidate of.the same party, of ihe same principle?,; and the friend of the same measures of policy. But change the mode of election1 of delegates b;K the people in districts l(f an appointment, by va iJtafe (riventiQn-Qf.a. $tate ticket, with the right, nevertheless; of counting- per Capita, and keep the mode of district electron1 unchanged in other States, and you give to a majority ef the Repub licans in New-York the weight of thirty-eix, or nine times as great as before to the. whole Demo- cracy of New York, first to enable her to commit the injustice at home of silencing the voice, not of enemies but of brother Republicans, who prefer a different candidate of the same principles, and? nexr, to commx an injustice against their brother Republican! of other States: bv briaffms-lan addi tion . of thirty wo consolidated .votes to. break down their majorities who ntefer the -candidate. That is, the favorite of the NewtYotk, Republican1 minority. No illustration can place in a stronger light the unfairness nay. the iniauittf. ieiustice. and tyranny towards brethern; too of "snch a JiZ . 1 ii it. i- j HjsugS a-proceeaing wnicn woukt probably give Naiv-York alonenhe entire control of the nomination,, without aid from arrv other lar n& State : Yor all the other delegations. Beint. A'rided some with a majority of two, some of opto some ot three, and so on, Ixew-York, by miking use' of her sixteen- impressed totes, oia Countervail majorities of all the other States differing from her, ana thus control tne nomination, andVtivethe vic tory lo the minority f th Republican vartv against justic and right, and all its avowed prirw ciples of equality and impartiality. Such a pro' Cedure, of which nothing could haye. induced Xh a adoption in the chojcVof electors but the diesireof conquest over a political tnpmy, joxtM inevitably inspire discontent and dissatisfaction against NeW York among her associates, and expose, to- hazard. when the great battle with the common enemy comes on, the triumph of 4he Republic in party, now certain with irnion-and zealous concert- which are impossible between -those snxarting under in ustice, and their oppressors who inflict it Wilt New-York, or any of the other' farce states, consent to render herself detested and odious among herjfisler states by such a tyram'c'al dispo sition and use of her numerical nowe-r? Wilf the other 'states quietly submit to it I for it will be vain to attempt to render- resistance to injustice o- diQus py endeavoring to attach to it the false nanc of dictation is others. There is a Jove of justice, al lied to, r rather springing from, the principle of self-preservation, which is deeply jmpjantcd in the human Heart, and constantly disposes it to rebel a- gamst oppression. Without justice for ka ba?. there car) be no permanent ajsocialiorr among men .c venuie ia musi imKe- nine rotraaairan oi tneir combination. If there were a resurrection from the-foot ofvery tallow's pad grhbet on earthy and the revivified malefactors ef fhe world were to ns-' sembfe for the formation of a civil society, they wouiu dc oDiigeqrjo aaopi iustice,ana ur aeanng r.L .L. .1. .tL -.-- V t . - . vnu eacu oiuer as. lae .principle ot xneir associa' tion. liven with taera the predbmiijaee of op DTession. if arfemntet?. could not lasL Knur mrv Imentary, then, must be its triumph in an enlight- eiicu ehiu moral commumiy - u can exisi, dui ior an instant," to be followed" by hatred and distrust .of the oppressor. Is "New-York weiiarcd ro nssumer this- ChacacterZ Can Virginia, mother of great 4 J l 'i- i . ' 4. . i - - . auu jusi men, anaso ner nign cnaracrer, ana con sent to play tRe tyrantof her Allows? We fcar- jlessly answer, No. Virginia, watched by the guardian spirits of her Washingtons, her Hen rys, her Jeffersonsr her Aladisons, her Leesj her Randolphs, and Masons, dare not-rmr. cannot. ir the midst of them and in the face of the world, riso up and proclaim hat might is right, in violation of all the prmcipTes she has professed, and the practice of which has made her name glorious and revered among men. No, Reflection, examinatioTr, and discussion among freemen and patriots wilf reconcile all dif ferences that stand in the way of the success and triumph of the gTeat and holy cause in which they are engaged. Many differences have already been Lsettled byfhera. At first the Republican party were divided as to the time of meeting. Virgin ia and New-York have yielded their preference of an early period to the wishes of a majority of their sister states. Let New-York, if she still inr clines to the vote by statesor Massachusetts, the Republican members of whose Legislature have decided fn favour of district delegation,' appeal in their conventions", like Indiana, in regnrd to the time of meeting, to fhe same tFibmjal, a majority iif the states, to decide the remaining preliminary questions, whether Slate Conventions shall appoint general tickets, or the people shall freely choose delegates in their several Congressional Districts, and thus prevent an appeal by oppressed minori ties to the people of the several Coneressional Districts, and, tho consequent necessity" which would be imposed on the Natronal.- Convention to decide between lvo sets of delegate ifirorn several ef the states, one appointed by e Con vention nnd the other directly chosen by tfejiebple themselves.' By the adoption of sijch a course harmony will be, restored to the Republican ratiks; discord will vanish, and the Democracy of the Unions anima ted with zeal against the common enemy, inspired . with enthusiasm and, hoisting the ir for sous banner, inscribed with Free TfcADf-Low Duties- No Debt Separation from Banks Econ omy Retrenchment and. Strict adhe rence to the Constitution, will m.irert urn dcr its ample folds to certain; victory and triumph. DR. LEWIS F. LINN. i r - -l - - , " At a meeting of the Medical Society of Missou ri, held bn-Friday evening, 6th October, the fol lowing preamble and resolutions were unanimous ly adopted;.'. VCu ' ' - Vherea3,-i! has pleased an nn-wise Providence: to remove frorn" his sphere of usefulness, by a sud den and tafobkexMbr death, one of the most esti mable of our professional brethren, we, the offi cers and membersof the Medical Society of Mis- souri, uepionng, in common witn tne enure com-. munity,ihe losi sustained, take this method of expressing- our unfeigned sorrow for the event. Therefore : . Resolved.- That;' in the'd'eath of Dr. Lewis JV Linn--a distinguished member of our body -we. are railed upon to mourn the loss of one who, for the many ennobling qualities of his heart and,iw derstanding, for his high intellectual endowments, and professional attainments for his .learning, his ! genius, and his eloquence, must ever be remem- V bered by all who reverenc"the .'lofty attributes' displayed in the stations heT adorned.. Resolved, That Ujis Societyj.ioscreiy aepiore
The Weekly Standard (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Nov. 1, 1843, edition 1
1
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