It
ffFDRFV
T1I01AS J. IEIAY, Editor.
JonOiEMJlW' niourffi, TStTaul "iTta tint tod koine a'imttttiuF'
IE0MD1S B. LESIT, JiKfitfltf'fcr.
ll-i 11 M IJ-C
JL1I INHJIiB,
i
RALEIGH, WEDM:SI)AY 3IORMiG, JULY 17, 1850,
JVC 30.-
TUB MOaitiH C1HOUMA rfTAA
M rCSUSHSD WStKLT,
BY TilOHS J. tEHI k SOS.
(Offloe nearly oppoaits ths Post Offlo)
Itmi of the Paper.
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" " each subsequent iuwrtioo, iu
Court orJem nd judicial advsrtiaeiiMuts, 26 per
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A deduction of 33J per wot. lor WT,nixu. uj
(ho year. .
kdr 111 lettors ami communications nut ot pott
paid. Remittanees msj b mde t our risk.
THE LAW OK NEWSl'APERS.
1. AH subscribers, who do not fixe nrn o
Yic to th contrary. re considered as wishing U
continue their snbscriptinna.
'I. If subscribers order the discontinuance of their
papers, the publishers me; continue to send then)
until arrearages are paid.
8. If subscribers negleet or refuse talcing their
pipit i from the offices, lu wliiib. thejr rsenVtfcI
aro held responsible till their bills are settled and
their paper ordered to be discontinued.
4. The Court hare decided that refusing to take
a newspaper xt periodical from the office, or remov
ing and leading it uncalled for, is " prima facie"
evidence of isrsmossi. ravco.
BISftLLAMOlS.
. THE FISHERMAN.
A TIIRILLISO INCIDENT.
It was as calm an evening ns ever leame
from heaven the sky and the eanh wn as
tramiuil as if no storm from one had ver dis
turbed the repose of the olher; and even the.
oeeau that geil highway of the woild lay
iis geiido us il its b isoin had lie . er betrayed
as if no traveler hid ever s ink lo death in
its embrace. 'I' lie sun b id gone down, and
the pensive twilight would line reign -d over
nature, the queen of an inimitable world to
snide up hi the goodly tiling of ours, anl
gi e a ri liati-o and a glory to ail she shone
upon. It was an hour ind a scene that led
tlnrsoiilto th i cont mplation of Him who
never cv.isj'S 10 waieli o er the works ha has
made, and whose protectintr carff d;s;)laaiu
scll'aliU'i iij""i ill t s il d land and the trackless
was.es ufa ilei filliiloea.
On lh.' wealern coast of the county ofDe
von, which has been termed, and it m ly be
add"d, jitsily, 'the garden of En.land,' upon
such an Duelling, a unnip bad assembled a
rouud one ol the fisherman's collagea. Thir
tialiitiition "w.-bnHrimhe" tntr sn-le-nf the
olden time, when comfort was die only object
ol thi projector. At either side of the d hi.
were wMllend din l.uea, n -la and biiiketa UuU
beuikened the calling of the ow ner, and the
liiheriiuti was taking his fin w ll forlheniht
of his happy lm mg lamil, , who were bid
ding.. htm vUud ue.i.-d"..oii - Jit voj:age,...A..
line old man w is Vcaiiliig oil tii armt on lh
railiug, and talking loan intereslini.' girl whos
hand lav iiiou lhe eli'iul ler "f a youner sis
ter. The stout fisherman, dressed in hi
ri)iia;h jerkin, ami large hunts that reached far
above the kners. Tvaa in the act of HtissTiiga
hide cli.Tuh, who seemed half terrified at
4wiutf eliyatcd so high as the father's lips;
while lire wii'e ail.T "UiothiTr with her. iufam
uursl.iLi ii. i her Ian, was lookinff ansiimisly
prayer lor Irs sale . it turn. a nine ooy.
the miniature of his lather in eouflten-ioee-l
and In dress, bearing a hug boat cloak across
hii'sh.mlden, ami the lantern lliat was lo giv
light when the miMiu departed, completed the
group if we except a noble Newfoundland
dog, sonic steps iu advance of the party, watch
imtfix the nod to command his inarch to a kind
of pier where the fisherman and bis boy were
to embark
Guod Wkg4uek
man, 'sood tuck, and aife home airain, John
ve want no more but God's blessing, and that
ve may have for asking; but ye may as well
take mine too God Mess ye, and good bye
to you.' -.
The. blessing was heartily echoed by his
kind pinner and his children, and whistling
as he went, i ll his ho&l hook ou llis shoul
der, his dog Neptune before, and bis boy
following, he trudged along to the beach,
Wilh the earliest dawn of morning the fish
erman's family were astir; the elder girl was
busily arranging her little parlor, while the
yotiiiirer was preparing the breakfast table
and the mother, spreading, before tlie fire the
clothes of her husband and her boy. Ah
hour passed, aud she grew somewhat uneasy
that he had remained beyond the usual period
of his return. Another hour had elapsed,
when she said to he father.
'Father go but to the hillock, and try if you
can lee his sail upon the water; he seldom
stays out so long when the sea is ealin and the
wraiher fain my little boy, too, was not quite
well last night, and this alone should have has
ten him home,'
The old man went forth, and one by one
his grand children followed him, until the
mother via left alone, rocking the cradle ol
her uneoncio is babn. After the lapse of an
other hour, her daughter entered with die
news, th it a neighbor h id spoken to her fath
er in the n'ght and that he would certainly be
soon home.
'God grant it!' said she, and she spoke in a
t 113 ol deep an xie y 'He never' was Way so
long but ouce, and that was hea he saved
the crew of the ship Mary: and then the whirl
of die nn.-l bad well nih made his grave.' -
Again she stirred the fire, again arranged
the clothes before it, anil poured some hot wa
ter into tha tea cups. Sull the breakfast re
mained untouched.
The sun was now soaring to his meridian
j'eightt when onee .mora the family assembled
in their humblo dwelling; the prop of the
whole was yet wanting. ---They sat down to
cheerless meal, the seats at either side of
th wife remaining vacant, , The old man
a the only individual who appeared to anti
cipate no ei d.bul he hastily fimshvd ba break,
fast and went forth.
The noon was rapidly passing, and the sun
bad already giien tokens of the glory of his
departure. When the fiithAriTinn'a wifi iSavinir
lulled her infant asleep, wenf t herself fo . the J
Ht-if oraiiiaritlid -ii(Wpiiret1e'w"n
n Widespread ocean. All the, household
.ion assembled to the snot, but bo boat was
een upon the waters nothing that could give
hope eeeptlhMpeetof thi waves which
luoaeu ioo placid to be dangerous.
- near u
and while
m Their deert dread was im lnn.. -
. - . ytiMju w sum iru,
1 jokbig earnestly, at brief inlsrwU over the
iHew let hint U whoM trust is ia fci.
UlA fltil ma. nlu.l . I r
sentence
was uttered ii.wilunltrily, but it had itaeflecf
'Aye,' said the mother, 'he always trusted
in God, and God will nut forsake him now.'
'Do you rememlier, Jane,' eoniwued the old
man, 'how otieh Providence has been wilh me,
amid die storm and the wrtrk, when help
from man was fur off, and would have been
useless if near?'
And iliey heered and encouraged one an
other to ht.po the best hut to submit to the
decree of Heaven, whether it came as llio
Ken lie dew to nourish, or as din heavy rain lo
oppress, rrom that hillocK that overlooked
the ocean, ascended their mingled prayers diat j God.' of Ins u ife.
God would not leae tbcin desolate. And now all was joy and happiness in the
The fisherman (Jie object of thtir hope, j cottage, w here there had .been so much wreirh
and fea-s had been very aucceasful during ,' edness: the fisherman, hisbov, mid In dHj,
the nisrht, when at d ly-heuk, as he was pre- j were safe from the great deep; iiMi he would re
paring to return home, he remembered his turn no answer to the many questions, its m
promise to bring with him some sea-weed to J what had detained him so long beyond the
manure die poialoe plot behind his cottage
He was llien close Ui the ricks, which were
only discernible at low water. He pulled for
them, juoiped on "bore, lasiened the painter bf
nis lioat to tn j jutting partoiaci.it ami toon
his boat Hook with him. He collected a suf
ficient quanty of die weed, but in his eagerness
to obtain it, bad wandered from tin; landing
place, when be heard his son loudly holimvuig,
and exclaiming diat the painter was loose
He rushed iiisunJy towards the boat, which
was, then se.vetl yards oil; the bov was vainly
endeavoiin U use bolh the oars, and Xoplu'ftel'
the fanhiul dog, was running bickw ird and
forward, Uowlni.' learlally, as if conscious of
Ins master a danger, at one moiuent about lo
uluiue into the wa.es to join liini, and lbs
nexvllfking llio face and ll uids ol tile child, as
if he foresaw lh.it lor bun his protection would
be most needed.
The u'lui-m in perceived at one.! the des
perate nature ol Ins aquation; tnj ttue ne s.vv
Was coining ill rapidly, and liu Hope ol esc.ipc
was at an end, wxen he pefcoivi-d thai Ilia
boy, in an ell.ir. to use the o irs, bad let one ol ji
lliein f .11 overboard. 'Faille,', lath -r, exclaim
ed llie jor 1 id, -wh il h dl 1 dof lite boat
was at las in on.-iil so distant til il Ins distract
ed parent could sc ireely hvar the words, but
he called out to linn as loud as ha coatd, to
trust in G d, thtf I i li r of llie lailn ilcss. lie
llien auiod "resigned to the late wlucli lie b it
awaited him aud watched the dulling boat
thai bore die child in peril from llie fatal
rocks. He h dolf.'rcd up a prayer to the
throne ol'ui. rev, when in an instant, a light
iroae upon his iiinid. 'Good God! lie cx-
latiiied, r miv-vcrneaivou.-.it nn tire en
ergy ol hope balding with o.cspair, be collect
ed all thi) sanies ar i.m I linn, and heaped litem
rap. ill, up n Him 1hj!i wllaugd-of tuOLi Uiam?
leed wotiU.'rU! how be could hi e gadicrru
so many in so short a lime, but the Almighty
javc sirenglli lo his arm, anJ'he was laboring
not. Jul .lUi- auflyt-it4W4Mnu-ti4l dsHfef..
ki him. 1 he title cume 011,011, ou, and soon
ibltvcd bun 10 aban.lon bis work. He iln 11
niouiltcd the pile he bad limped, planted Ins
boat hook firinlv in one ol the crevices ol the
L'lift and prepared to Htni!jurle foe existence;
but his hi'aft fiifi'd tiini, h ll n he e.insidcred
how slight was tin. possibility thai the waters
would not rise abo C Ins head. Still be dcter
tnined'to.do all fie vmihl tu priiser.e lu'j. The
waves were not rough; an l tlie Doal-nook auji
I'be awful moment raindly approached;
the water had reached hi inees; but hit stood
firmly and prayed that lie nnhl be preserved.
Onron or-iHie, shtwlyvaod entiy,. hut
more (earfully than if it had raged around lis
destined prey; soon il reached his. waisl, and
he then prayed that il might go no higher.
On, on, on, it came, and his shoulders were
cove.ed; hope died within htm, and he thought
of himself no longer, but id those who were
his lather it w is lor blessings 011 lliein that
He then im;dored Haaien. Still ou, on, oir'
it cune, and he was forced to rajse his bead
to keep as long as possible from death; his
reason was almost gone, bis breath grew fee
ble, his limbs chill; heji.inled, and hrs prayers
became almost gurgling muriners. The blood
rushed to his head; bis eve-balls glared as
if they would start from their sockets, lie
closed lilt 111 w ilh an effort, and thought fur the
last time on the home that w ould be soon
so wretched! Horrible images we e before
him each swell of the wave seenml as if
tlie fiends were forcing him downwird, and
die cry JlhVica-liirr'Wii'nilte'- Ttitf yetts"
over their victim. He was gasping, choking
for he had not strength lo keep bis head above
the waves, every moment it was plashing
upnu them, aud each convulsive start thai bil
lowed ouly aroused bun to the consciousness,
if consciousness it could be called, thai the
next plunge would be his last.
Mercilul powers ! at the very moment
when llie strength aud spirit of a 111 111 hid left
him, anil the cold shudder of death cams 011,
he felt that the tide rose no higher. His eyes
opened, closed ami a fearful laugh troubled die
waters. They eddied in bis throat, and lite
bubbles floated around bis lips but they rose
no higher that be knew ag tin and again his
bosom heaved wilh a deep sob, as be drew m
his breath; and gave it forth anew in agony.
A minute had pas rd since the salt sea tone lied
his lips; th s was impossible if the title Slid
flowed; he could reason so much. He opened
his eyes, and fun ly murmured forth 0j
God, be merciful.' The flow of the ocean j
bad indeed ceased; there he still stood
motionless and weeping thinking of his be-;
loved home, and hoping dial his place there
might not be forever vacant. The waters m !
a short time subsided, and l.e was enabled
to stretch his chill limbs, and then to warm
them by exercise. Soon the rock was left
dry its before, and the fisherman knelt down
upon that desolate spot "smbhg" "the" billows-"-h
d his f ce in his hands, and praised and
blessed his Creator, his Preserver.
The well known bark of his faithful dog,
was beard aliove tlie waves, and in sn
otlier monirut the creature was licking his
paleclieek. He was saved, for his own hoy
was in hi ids. lie had been drifted to
die land, end had essily found those who had
roweu nam to save his lather s inc.
, Now hwewar he exclidined.
Homeward, homeward, echoed iiie chitd, and
Neptune jumped and barked, at the--wclcoin
sound. " .," ' : '
The fisherman's family were still suppli
cating Providence upon the hillock that over
looked thi deep, when die old man started
from bis knees, and exclaimed, -Ws are heard,
there is speck upon the diaiaut waters.' .
v. 'Where, where.'' was echoed; by die (roup;
and fve pomted our-what he hopod sntght be
die absent boat. . They eagerly strained their
eyes, bot could see; nothing, 111 tew minutes,
nowever, au percctveu a saii; sun u, is unpoi
sille lo tell the direction iu which it course
lay.
I hen was the aeonv of uspense; it eonun -
ueJ, however, bul for a short lime, a boat
w.is evidently advancing toward the shore, in
a few minute they could clearly see a man at
t c bow waring hi hut a!:o e his head and soon
afwr the well known bark of Neptune was
borne lo them by the breexe. The family
rushed to the extremity of the rude pier, and
the Wind huzza of the fisherman was answer
ed by the 'welcome, welcome, welcome,' of
; lua laih6f, and" ilia almost inarticulate
thill k.
usual hour of Ins return 'wait, my w ile,'
said he 'until we have dressi d and refreshed
oursel.es, and you shall know all; but before
we do either lcLUtldcM God for his jjigrey
loroutnfgre.it danger h ath he preserved 111 9 '
Ne er was there a more earnest prayer
ofl"cred to llie Giver of ill goodness, than as
cend, d from that humble dwelling. And when
the fisherman had told his tale, bow I'er.rutly
did they all repeat tba words that hid given
them so much cotisolauoii in the 111 iriiing.
"Fearless lei linn be whose trust is in his
Gol."
WHY EPIDEMICS RAGE AT NIGHT.
It was 011cnighltl1.it -li)i)0 perished 111 the
plairue of London of 1005. Il was at liwhi
that the army uf Senaclieiilj was destroyed.
Both in England and 011 the comment a large
proportion ol cholera, - in its several forma,
have been observed to have occurcd betwicu
one and wo o'clock in in the uiurii niif. The
'! m"er of exposure lo the night air" has iei-n
.1 thrill of pliv stci 111s from time lill iiclilii i.il;
,bu: it is reiuirkalde 1t1.1t ihcy have never yet
called ill the aid of chemistry to accouul for
the fact.
It is at nlghl that the stre mi of air nearest
the ground must alw w s b the most cliarg d
with the particles of anun il'Zed matter given
out from the skin, an I deleterious gasses, such
as carbonic acid g is, the product ol respiration,
and sulpha retted livdiogcn, the product of the
sewers. In day, g isses aitd'vaporous sub
stances of a II kinds riie in iWnr by llie rare
fiction of heat; at night, wh o the rarefaction
leaves them, tliy fall by an incre oje of grat My,
if imperfectly mixed W ilh the "alitiospfiere,"
while the. gasses evul.cd during the night, in
stead of ascending remain at nearly the same
IjvcI. It is known that carbonic acal gas, at a
low temperature, partakes so nearly of the na
ture of a lluid, that il may be poured mil of
on? vessel into auothei; it rises ai th? lemiicf'
ittMra at-w-baco-it4-iixliidiid fruot-Ue -luuga,
bat 11s teiideni-y is---towards die lloor, or the
bed of the sleeper, in cold and unveniilatcd
rooms.
At llaiuiiuri;, the alarm of cholera at light,
ins. one parts ol the city was so great, that on
tttnne-oeei sinns trrin-y refused tii-go-fbe!, le4
they should be attacked unawares in their si cp.
Sitting up, they probably kept their stoves or
open tires buruiuj fiir the sake of'.variiitb. and
that warmth girmg-the explosion to any d.du
.4tCitH,g.i8jt;4 pfeysett. would best pro-
hiiite tiietr difuTiiinmriiir'm
means of safely were thus unconsciously as
sured. At Sierra I.'-one, the natives hive a
practice, in due sickly season, of keeping pres
constantly burning in their huts atnigbt assign
ing that the tires keep away the evil spirits,
which in their ignorance, they attribute to fever
and ague I.aucrly, Europeans have begun
to adopt the sumo practice, and tbnse w ho
have tried it, assert thai they have entire immu
nity, from the tropical fevers to . which they
'wr(ro Wrm rty ' fflbj
In the epidemicsof the midille ages firesnsed
to be lighted in the streets for the purification
of ih-5 air; and in the plague of London, of
1003, fires in the. street at .one time war kept
burning incessantly, till extinguished by a vis
olent storm of rain. Lat erly, trains of gun
powder have been fired, and cannon dirchargrd
for the sain;1 object; but itisob i ius that these
measures, although sound in principle, must
necessarily, out of Joort, be on two smnll a
scale, as measured agiinst iin ocean ol atmos
pheric air to produce any sensible ellect.
W itlun doors, however, the cane is different.
h is quite posrbliset a tsw-4o--4eeH
a rarefaction an 1 consequent dilution ol any prejudices of o'he '9. lie pre ends lo no in
malignant gases it may contain; and it is of (ability. He Has jio guide of political con
course the air of the room, and that alone, at duct but the CVmsiitiition. He has no s lf-suf-
iligbt, which comes into immediate contact :
with the lungs of
a person sleeping.
H'rtlminiuter limine.
From th4 Trrnt'tm. A'.J. HVfAjs True American.
THE CONTRAST.
THE DHAIlOnt'K AND THE STATESMAN.
Extract from Ihe Speech of the lion. I). S.
KV, F.M , (rf Texas, deli end before .he
Literary Societies of .Nassau Hall upon ihe
!i5th June, 1891).
There is one anecies of the hum 111 family
that I cannot neglect to caution you 10 beware
of. Fly him as you would the pestilence;
as vou would Urn pestilence; a oid him as
vou would contagion; crush htm as would the
adder. Just enering as you are upon th"
threshold of human life, he will i-iHiiioually
cross your path. ll loves to prey upon the
young. Vou will find him st the social
board, al thu hiistitigs. and iu all th walks of
private and public l ie. lie h is exist, d from
the beginning of the world down lo the present
day aud unfortunately flourishes in vt on tile
generous -oil ol our free Kcpiitmc. He is pre
figured by the subtile and accursed scrpetiuhat
produced inau's firsl disobedience, and
Jaruuifht death into the world and all our woe."
lit; is rcpresenied in H.dy wm by me rwKny0
leas csu who aoiu ilia iiiroiiigui lor ''H)iage
of lentiles." ' His moral and physical deform
ities are beautifully delineated by ihe pict of
the Illtad in the. characnir of ' Thersitos, to
whom the thong of I' I) Sees was so appropri
ately spplicd;
Loquacious, load snd turbulent of tongue,
A w'i fey m altawe, by no respect eontrvUt-d;
In aeaudal lo-y, in irprttacl.f bold,
Hisjrtm-svH'li se night We aoul nraclaiw: jr,,.-., yi
Oni 'eye ias bliiitbi. ah'Tone Tctf was laoie'
SpUen Ut nanhind'ma envious heart fjueeeesed,
And much kt hated all, but most tlie best."
Ho is a hypocrite of ths deepest dv;e. anil
wears a mask to conceal his sv. fill deforini'ies.
He is Ihe very soul of faction, and delights Id
wim in its turiiid waters; he is t Judas who
would betray his Saviour; he worships no other
Deity but self; W it abhorred of GoJ de
tested by man, and hardly suited even for fcetl
its)lf;lie has the malice prepense nf a miiruer
en he stirs up strife, envy, and sectional liyt-
eordjJfie arrayyjreu
broh jm against ,i t it. he in. use his d adl
, po.tou into social intercourse aud Uisturu u.e
, flow of the hninan aflectione
A monster salaed of insott nre and iVar,
A dog in forehead and in heart a deer."
Ho w ould array die poor in mortal ro nbal
against the rich, and the. African against the
Cauc-jjwiaq. He is Uitally dcstiiute of s.iame
au I insensible 10 the opinions ol the world.
He could blacken the purest and noblest eli.u
acter, if be thereby succeed iu his engrossing
desire ol cll-prnmo:Hu. He is aa inconsis
tent and shil.ing as ihe vane of the weather
cock, or the Windsor heaven. He would sac
ritice justice, nliL, mercy, cousiituiioii and
country lu catch the popular breeze. He
pretends to an awful xeal in behalloflhe rights
ol those w hose la. or he is courting. 11c
luuns prescience of event's and credit fo.
bringing llieui about. Ho eudca ors to tor
ture his own ac sdone for one purpose as hav
ing been done lor am other that iii ty lie pop
ular at the hour. He has neither soul, heart
J ejiurag.;'- - llis itpfMujtji gjaiws, -wbaiJ
he fe di ii.ioi). The best men, and indeed
nations, h tv e been bis victims, and vet his
raven ius ui.w is e.er uutalisiied. I. ike Ne
ro, he laughs when his country is burning.
Like Sa...n, he oilers those whom he is u-inpl-mg,
"all the k.ngdoms of the world and the
glory tu" them." j adui.n siercd the deadly
p nsoii to tlie pa. not l'bo 'ion, and the fatal
hetniocl. ii tint v jjriu.iu j ik'r.itcs. He is ThirT""! and rrteJ at thai place on the flth of
wot den horse who enters our ciiyi biitv 'to "dei
s.roy il. He is the horrible monster tint will
crush, if not watched, the l.aocoons and their
cli.idreu, w ho p-nel ti .ml v a' ll c altar of the
constitution.- Adieus fell from h;s aubde ma
chinations, lie ha- been the bine of all lite
confederations that have e.er existed. Iledes
trov ed Ainph. rtionic 1,'ague, th? Germanic
culled .ritlon, ihH so-un united provinces, and
iheolJ Swiss confederacy. He is still so fatally
iieu.oiliutacilicl'as lo be aiming his euvemuned
shalts aaaiiLsl our ovt n. glorious v t'liiou, to
vt Ii 1 . Ii we are all bound . by so ill my lies of in
ter. -s. and recollection. I need hardly say lo
you that llie hideous b nig I have been de
sert n..g is the iit.UAooui k. Heaven rid our
Ian I of tins awlulX'tirse! Save our instiiu
lions from ibis terrible sirocco this malaria
ol Death! It will rc.pitre watching and pray
ing to thwart his designs. He will insinuate
linns ell into all the existing parlies of a coun
try, and if he thinks lie can beiuirelfunt his ob
ject, be will create a parly lor himself. If a mem
ber of UiipoluioJ. parly ul. which you. may
stitch yourselves, (lor political parlies art) no
cessary incidents of free governments.) sacri
fice him as Ireely as if he belonged U the op
posite party. An honest iudcptuiJeut man uf
the worst political party, is belter than the
arch dem gogue of the beat. If wo can suc
ceed in cbeciiiiig ,llt pnigress of diis motwierjtfic'lull urnelamatiiw and enforcing die laws
aiid frowiiing E.ui ouTorportttcaTexrsresjce, we
Will confer. iliiiol J blessing supon our country,
tad may predict w lilt certainly dial our Union
will be immortal.
Vou have looked upon that picture, now
look upon this. Vou have seen the coun
terleil prua iiiuieni, now examine llin genuine
original. You h ive cnulcmplated with hor
ror the Driuuifogue, now view with delight.
the Ntatsssa's!
"See what a.grace is seated on his lirow.
A couitiinTttn "iTiiT ktvT1 'l4eedj
Where every Uud thves accni to set his seal,
To give th world assurancsof a mas."
., Ilia whole a nil ia absorbed with love of
ofcountry. He knows no swtioni, courts
o fictions, foments no discord. He practices
justice, acts conctlt ilion, and aultcres rig
idly 10 thu Constitution. "Itliil aut sensit,
am (licit, aut ficii nisi pro pairia." He
threads ths pith ol'd.tty wherever it leads, and
"takes 110 step backwards."
thee behind - nie Satan." A Curlius. he will
throw himself into the deidly breach to save
hisconntry, A It gulus. he will not consent
to violate a plighed ftiih, although cerlaia po
litical death awaits him. An. Arislides, he
sacrifices, expediency to justice, interest to
principle, aud will'do no act, however profit
able ii may s-em, that wilt .tarnish the honest
reputation of his country . A Brutus, friend
ship and even gratitude must bn sacrificed
if t
necessary, on tbn altar of public good. He is
sincere, candid and frank. He speaks ihe
whole truth regardless of consequences lo self.
respecis tho riirlmv liudiugs, auul ftea tire.
ficienl standard which he chooses to designate
totiftenrr, and which lie puts above that sa
cred ins'runient. When he swars lo support
pit, he does it without equivocation, mental re
servation, or s- ll evasion ol mind whatsoever.
He protects the rights of the few against the
d-rn in Is of the tnmy, with as much alacrity
as he does jIih right oftito many from llieex
ac;i msof lliefew. He believes that ihe major
ity should hocontrolk'd by the Constitution,
and tint when ibey go beyond it ihey tread
upon dangerous nnd forhtdd.in ground.
I ha-e thus finished the description of the
SYatsssia. Ii is more easy topottrtrav lhan
I that of the Druwgogut. Truth is plainer
thin fiction. It is more easily told, and in
fewer words. It hae no circumlocution.
Like the nimble of llie poor, il is sheet snd
simple. l.iH me suture you men in support
and sustain the fearless, indeiendent, patiiolic
S-jitt-sin 111. Give him a generous confidence.
He is engaged in a war with Am. deck. Slay
up h'S hands like A -ron and Heir, and Israel
will prevail justice will triumph. If such
should lie the ileieniiiiiniion of the American
people, then as the lightning's flash die thunders
roar and the strivings of the elements are fol
lowed bv the shower nnd the genial suhsliine
WVTi
so
will our strifrs end in brighlening the cTiainTnnoiTTTrh
tbn L'nion and in refreshing and enlivening of April a considerable number of persons as-'
our affections lor it.
EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.
The latest accounts from Norway state
that preparation were being made on a grand
se de f r emigration to the-Unhed Hiates.
"Tbeaiuoiber ..of pcrsoaswboajrnposs es;i-i(ri.
irttng rheitrtMlyai r'ordtir w;g.rsnd irymelr
forluhe tu America, is estimated at '40,000
persons, beiiif two per eenej. 'of the entire
p (potation of the kingdom. ' Friikjone coin-
intine alone, th it tif Loelag, in lbs province of
Akersh uia. wlnca contains 9,193 iiihabusnls,
813 individtiaU are about to embark for New
York." "
- The Tallahassee f'londian of the SUth ulu.
announces the dealh of die Hon, W. II.
BivcxcNaxot on one of the most eminent citi
M.UO.t Nt:iGllUUllS REPOItr.
t'lTt or Aistix, June 4,1850.
Sir I have thu honor to inform vou that
I sawed in this city on jesienla v. having
lefi Sanu Fo on the aith Apnl snd EI Paw
od me urn 01 .vi iy. 1 herewith eiiclosa for
your especial consideration s copy ofa pro-
ctain mon usuea on me tM ot Ann bv Col.
John Monroe, U. S. A., commandite thi
Ninth M iliary Deiiartment. Hy it vou wi.l
perceive inai me people ol New Mexico are
oout kj go into a sop irate Uie srgaiiization.
I'his movement, I am induced 10 believe, has
been brougiit , aliout by the eiwourageineut
given them by tho President of thi Unt
ied Slate through his instructions to Col.
McL'all, V. S. A., as they were published and
very generally circulated through that Terri
tory, Having, since my arrival, been informed
thai you did not receive my letter on the l.ih
April, which 1 forwarded with other d wunieiiuj
and letters to you -by the military mail, I'ia
El PitdOt 1 di!cl! il proper to .eafl yourailen-.
tion 10 111 movements alter the organ zaiitin
ol the county of El Paso. Having received a
copy ol Gov. M mroe'i circular letter to the
commanding olficera of die SeventlrMilitary
Otpartment, ordering -stnot non-iiilerfttreiico"
with mem the discharge of my duties, and seve
ral letters frotii private individuals in 8.1ms Fe
advising me to come on lo Santa Fe, I lost no t
AptiUund rjh impression that I should be
able to effect an orgaiiTzTiliou, I was weH-esttU
courteously received by the inhabitants. As
soon as possible alter my arrival I commenc
ed an iii.esii.'tiion of pa die sentiment, and
end -attired to ascertain thu practicability of
org tuuing, . . ... -.
. 1 decnieil it my first duty to call upon Col.
Monroe, the Military Governor, I found by
his couv rsation that he would give mcnuet.-
cuureiucnt nor adopt any measure. or pull
ey that would forward the views or wishes of
1 exas; on the contrary, be expressed himself
as decidedly fa orabla to the dicu existing state
of alfairs, "and bell v ed it best that the present
go. eminent with the Mexican laws now in
loree th mill be maintained until (Jung reus glmll
eata'iltslt some other." During the conversa
tion I askeJ him llie plain quesiiou. "Are you
willing lo acknowledge the jurisdiction uf '1 ex
as provided I hold llie elections. and qualify
the proper civil olllcers!" His answer was,
1 am nut prepared lo sty so. 1 ha . 0 an right
Itt. abolish. llifi.41rajseaUtiv.erum ail. The imlget
and oilier olliccrsartfcoiiiiii.ssioncd by ihe U.
S. Government, and I have 110 power to remove
them unless instructed ui uuso by my Govern-
incut. I called bis attention lo thu probabil
ity of the Exec.ilie of llie Stale in tlnte-veiil
of my failure 10 org mizo extending our juria-j
toy ro ditrT-'lir'ii
-iiis r.-piy was; 1 nai wtiuiu ou 1110 proper
course for Texas 10 pursue; thare will iu ilia.
Case be 110 opjiosition."
I also called on Judge -Hauhton, Suprrme
Judge of the Territory; who expressed Ins de
terinraatliM) to maintatiiThB' existing Govern
ment, and to iiiiprision any person who should
attempt lo culorce the laws ol the State ol
JTexas.
Ths civil jurisdiction of tlie Territory rests
'wilift'ly. sfTili' Hireo iiiuj. luuaTs, viz: Jttdge
llougliton as V'htrt Justice, ndtwt Meiean
litii.s)i)4J8a'jst.... 'Hi j
own and fully cuntr d the only press in Ne 1
Mexico, ( I'be New Mexican,- ami n.v vlocu
mcnt can be printed or iiiil'urinatioii dilfuscd
by it, except whai is approved by a committee
of supervisors, at llie bead of wh.ch stsnds
Judge Houghton, the Chief Jus ice of the Ter
ritory, and the tn isses are kept entirely unin
formed or misinformed in regard 10 the 'Texas
and every other question, except the particular
party that opposes the claim of Texas, a parly
that completely and absolutely controls the
whole Mexican population above the Journar
do did Muerlo, party so void of priiiitipls
that the would excite die Pueblo Indians to
hostility, or resort to any othi r measure w hat
ever to prevent the extension of the jurisdiction
of Texas. I was informed that those In li.un
had aire id v bI t tim.iered with on the sub
ieet of Tex as. I
Enclosed you will find a copy of one of
Judge Houston's eircitl ira Hi the Mcxicanr.
This is one of tire original documents aud bears
Houghton own signature. I his parly had
also 'circulated many prejudicial reports, such
as die enormous amount of taxes that Texas
would reipiirc-thein 10 pay, tie.', and some of I
the M -xif.m population were excited to a con
siderable degrtte against Texas.
The party must favorable u the organization
were llie origin il State parly. A few eve.
lungs alter my arrival in.S.inta Fe, I met s
considerable party of gentlemen, nrincipilly
of that party, and amongst, diem aoma of ths
most disiinguis d members of the bar, for a
Consulation on llie subject of organtz ttion. Al
the same time that they were willing to go in
to an organization, and pledge themselves to
carry the vote of wh a is now Simla Fe coun.
tj fUvy svere dtH-iilediy of the opinion that it
would lie necessary for the State to send s
military force, before she could exercise juris-
lion, The party proposing to organize sre of
course under the operations of th existing
(iovcriiiiic ut in the niiinriiy, and Ibeorgiiii.
cation would have been partial and incjin
plete. Having no su hority to pledge the Stale to
maintain her jurisdiction, and n il being in
formal as to the action of the LegisLiture of
tho Ht.te on IIh subjpet, I was coin pillnd, con
trary lo tlie wishes of many, to d'Mer lhali
tion until i could be better inform 'd. In lbs
mean time notices had been posted up in S inta
Fe.eilling a public meeting lor the purposes
aif taking into consid tratioii the propriety of
enabled at thecT)tirl house, end resolutions
pissed in favor oft state org tnijitioii; s com
mittee was spp unted to wail ou the Govern.
or and request bun to oner convention.
Having 00 means fnipising ibis measure, I
deeme-l il pMiier to protest s;aint it, s opr
of wbitdi ni'ot.st nnd ths Governor's acknOvvl.-l
-evljemml of 1U i rtave ttie nonor to ehehMe f h
your coiisideratiiin, - ..4
I d"em iiprop.;ttoea!l your alten'-ion - par
ticularly lo ihri official eh iractvr of ifi'm ive
mmt in llie territory of New Mexico, in fa
vor of 4 Bute Government. . At the meeting
in Santa IV Major Cunningham, IT, 8. Pay.
master, presideu, and Mr. Ellison, tlie Gov
ertion private secretary snd interpreter, acted
as Secretary, and Judgo iloughuui was the
principal ipokesm 111, -and out of the one. or
two hundred persons pwient, a Urge portion
svJX! tlie eirtulniees of ills Go .criiinentia the
Quartermaster's anJ other d-partments,
I have no hasiutionin sat inglha. ibis move
ment is entirely one got op by the officials in
that Territory, anJ uot a spouinn eous move
ment 01 the i-nueiiK.. I an mmrmeJ that the
reported aieeiuigsin other places were of the
saraj east. Orders were issued to the Pr.
feejby JuJgj Houghton, snJ the petitions for
a convention was the result. Ia my Ifiier.
course with the citizens of that Territory. 1
hecam." full) ponlinced of the fact, and I be
lieve mere is not a psrson in New Mexico, il
tlives.ed of prejudice, but what would roincidi
wilh me in tlie belief, that to do away with die
opposition and influence exercised by the Uni
ted States au honties, exas could at once
and without difficulty establish ind exercise
jiirisj.cnon over tne w hole of that Territory,
1 nuu 10 my 01 ine leading cittx -ns willing to
acknowledge our claim, and a large portion of
muse must opposed 10 us have and now hold
large tracts of lan.l that they acquired from Ihe
Muattcan Government a short Uuie belure Ihe
war. . '
So soon ast escertained ihaf TfJof. Mqliroe,
r'ganlless of ilia claims of Texas, had issued
his proclamation for s convention, I deemed
it Und -cess iry to remain I. intrer in that Ternlo-
ry as I could in no wa V benefit the State br so
doing, and finding my means nearly exhausted,
I aeienntnedat once 10 return home. On my
irrival at El Paso I found that the Indians held
eompleie possession of the K10 Grande below
dial point, and were committing may denied
U04a.un ihfi McAtcan settleiiii;nts of Guada
lupe; aud even il I had the means, fl woi lJ be
impossible to visit Presidio del Norte without
strtMig escort, as sll communication ,.wilh
that point was cut off by the Apaches.
My duty as emnmisstoner having been exe
cuted to the best of my ability, 1 hone that
my action tit lie; premises will prove satisfac
tion 10 llie stale. Deeming It improper to
make, any suggestions iu regard to her future
action upon the subject of extending her
future jurisdiction over that territory, 1 can but
express t regret that I. .have not been more
successful. Hoping tu meet with your sppro-
uauon, 1 nave thH honor lo be, very respect-
tuny, your obedient servant,
R. S. NEIG1IUOR8,
Commissioner, tie.
To his Excellency P. II, Bell.
For Ihe Star.
No. a. ,
and tVj'me.
Mxssas. Euitohs: Ve have already point
ed out, in geuer.d terms, ilia iusurinuunUtbln
diiricullii s lying between nuinerouehiss of
our population, snd l.ducauon in Uuie
Literary Ins.itulions where the expanse is ne
cessarily considerable. Some may be teady
.1 ui suppose.. .thaUitus bin. 5veli ty e jtrf brmed.
.1 nwu in BupcrcnniaiiTin, nin on m iture
rrfleeiion, and a more exiended observation,
they will clearly peireive, that many of our
wealthy and ru ut substantitl citizens, era
looking to the schools ofa high grade alone,
(if wr my judge from rtietr condtrt'ty tat the
nieiiecitiu redemption 01 our entire populi
ion. We are pleased to see these schools in
Ui prosperous condition. Truly inn-rested to
ce ttieir number increased. Doiibuess they
an inert are" tiTiVTTltdiiisiriTrause
An iniellccujl elevation within cin Is whose..
limits hi glit be atisily defined. But we deny,
fhe-mw t jitmis, sxiswig tiiljel wi h.
ul this ctrclsflbr which we tsxilclkgrit
lenefiu-d. If the reader will turn his thoughts
to famed England, he will have proof sufll
cient o establish our position, 'There he
will find Literary Institutions of (he highest
grade, which Have grown hoary with age;
and from whose walls multitudes have gone
forth to write - tlieir names far up on
'thw'TMiM
world will unite in saying, that England ha
pro lue -d m niy truly great men. And yet.
in that very kingdom, regarded as the literary
ind scientihe luminary ol the world, may be
found s vast mass of mind, in nature's most
uncultivated stale. . We will venture the fol
lowing-assertion, with the present con vic-
.dofl of its truth. If we afford the means
of uienlal culiivalion lo one portion of our
population, and neglect the other portion,
We depress ths neglcied, in the, same pro
pnrti u that we elevate the favored. Our rea
son for this assertion, shall be giecn lit a fu-
tui!3jjiU!n!i8riJJiit. pru'vahljr, "oa arfliffjdy
to remark, m my of the young man and young
ladies, who are now being educated will be
come teachers, Ooub.lits they will. But
where will their schools be located f In the
poorest and most degraded neighlHtrlioodt?
With whom will their schools beflllutlf The
poorest of the poor, for whom we yrif No.
So. r cw of these, If any, will be1 benefited
to any considerable extent, Not because
these teachers would be unwilling., to
instruct th mi, but because llie children
are destitute of every thing but a neglected
mind and body. But no doubt, many are
ready to ask, do not our Common, or" Free
Schools meet the demandf ; They do not,
snd we doubt whether they ever can. There
are many reason why they do not i many,
why they cannot meet the increasing demand
of the numerous class of very poor children
in our Stale. f
First. The district are so large thai tlie
sch tol-houses are thrown entirely beyond die
reach of m in v whom thny were intended lo
ben -fit. And this dilficulty is -"Almost insur
m mnta'ile, in a portion of our Stile' ' owing
lo the way in which some sections are divi
ded by swamps, or large stream of water:
anl the paucity uf inhabitants in other sec-J
lions. Again. Ths schools only continue1
from two to three months in the year in ni my !
place. I lie amount received from the school
fund not being siillieient 10 enable the Com
iniltecs to SMcnre ihe services of any Uiing
titg catmprrti-iil teaclietf"-(of loogor -period.)
Aun. 1 here are children enough, tn some
districts for three or four pretty good school.
If they all attend, little will be the benefit re
ceived hy any. We might point out other
difficulties connected wilh these schools; but,
as we do not with to be understood assaying
any tbinr in opposition to them, we will for-
ti-VhiW-iwifm tits ties:
tn it could be J ane Hn Jef the circum-tauccs.
And a largo member of children receive, at
least, snnif itscf il iiit!nicuiin in lli"e schools;
but, ih'e to wh im wo wish lo direct your
atinlt'm, live far heymid the) limits of Com
mon Sch'Hd bercfiw. A ffr thooliu will
pro e this bat toj plainly. They have not,
neither ran thev obtain ths clothing necessary
to enable them to ppear m school, decently,
er comfortably. They have no books, anil
no mean to procure them, however cheap
they mar be.
Th.y
often have but one I
uie-tl, and know not from
10 come. Thev know
and feed their poverty and therefore lhr;nk
from these assoctaUoDs, when by contrast,
it will be made more palpable. Tbey r
m many cases so profoundly ignorant as to
olac n alue li4lever upon learning. .
In dditioi -to ell thie, tftetr pareata. of
"hose, having charge of them abend few
thoughts Hnd still fewer rfloi-te to secure for
hem an Edue.sinn, And now reader, heart
rending as are the truths we have written,
yon must adinn, that the whole has not been
told.
In our next, a plan win be presented by
which these outputs may be hnmghl in and
educated.- DISCIPLE.
Pituboro', Juns29th, I8J0. ;
AGRICULTURAL.
u.se ana scanty
whence ihe neat
FATES! OFHC. EEPOUT.
A GENERAL VIEW OF AMERICAN
" :s cHArrtat I. - '
Tht petition of American Farmtrt.
Sao. I. Every one that eats bread, or wean
eloth made of wool, eottoa or flax, has a di
rect personal interest in the reeuh of iillage
and Farm Economy. ' Hunger and nakednesa ,
are wants of the most pressing character, and
Providence has placed them alike in every
human being. ln civilized communities all
are equally dependent on successful AgricoiV
rure for tbe rnsaas of- sulisistc are ..Let the
oil be permanently exhausted, or fail but for
year to reward the labor of the husbandman
and no language can adequately describe tlie)
iulensiiy of the universal euflering thai must -
ensue, llece this branch 01 national indus
try has peculiar and paramount claims to lb ;
earnest attenuon and the fostering care of all
Governinenis , which are regardful of of the
public safety, and ustained by eomnoa "
sense, ''..':..', 4
American Agriculture offers for considera
tion several interesting and striking features. "
Prominent among these ia the fact, thai nearly
three-fourths of tlie labor and capital of the
country are employed in this single pursuit.
Agriculturists are themselves a lat ge majority
of the voters, tax-payers, and customer of all
domeslie and foreign goods. .
Under the republican ay atem their are main.
ly responsible tor the good government of each
Siauvatul llifl Uoioji If ttieir public aerranta
whether in Cougre or Stale Lecialaiures, '
fad to promote improvement in Agriculiure,
aa reeomtnended by t'restilenl tv ashtngton.
the fault is not in their representatives, but m '
lliose who neglect .lo ask for such aid uGov ,
eminent may properly grant. -
American lariuera enjoy edvantng superi
or to diose of other naiionst. for improving
both themselves as a etaas, auu ineir lantkxl , ....
est ales, upon ihe highest capalnliues of matt
and of the earth which be cultivates. This
R. .public proffer lo rural science, mors than
one thousand million of acres of available.
farming lands, of which a liide,, or a much
nuy be subdued and improved, aa wisdom
shall dictate. There is neither compulsion
not jreiMniiilLin eithef direction, With thia ,.
entire freed om of action, is associated a degree
bi'stsca.iiy f.ir lite, liberty, property, toleration "" "
of religion, ud exemption from onerou trzea.
without a paralell u the History ol Uie world.
- in. the extent ol sea-eosl laciluies Tor rtver.
lak aud canal uavigaiion, VarklJ, ol crunal,Zlf . zz '
soil, vegetable and animal products, for indefi
nile and almost unlimited commercial, man
ufacturing, mineral and hydraulic resource),
no odier country equal Ibis. There is om
danger, however, that we ah ill prove unwor
thy of so great blessiegs that we may ibrgat
the source bonce they eomo abuse tlie penu
Biw'ratTiStliir'' ttiitiwl prlrdtge "
which we possess, ana blindly cling to
the barbarous praol.ee of linpo.erisliiug the '
oil, to the incalculable injury of coming gen
eration. Instead of exhausting null tons of
acre without any adequate recompense, in "
stead of looking longingly to the wilJernese of
forest and prairie at the -West, we ihould
search clo-elv inu the lands already under '".
the plow, and learn what can be dune, lo add v
two, or thruean I four fidd to their present pro
ducliveness.' The time has al last arrived
when il i tndi sponsible to the continued proa-
oerity or all llie older state, diat the contin
ued properity of all the older talts, lliat tna
principles both of renovating snd exliausnns; .
eultivatcd fields, be thoroughly and universally
understood.
SxtTiOM fetrfactt about Soil$,Flwdi '
.... j a..: t. .
ana mmimr. . . -
Soil CTm-ain, a a general thine not more 4 '
tlianone pari in a thousand of the atoms. In aa
available condition, which nature consume in
forming a crop of any kind. This statement '
expresses a fact of great practical impor
tance; fcr the husbanding of these fendizing
atom i the first step toward arresting the
impoverishment of the earth. It is the matter
in the soiL which makes crops in one strange
ment of its atoms, and forms manure in anoth
er condition of the same atoms, that tlie farm
er should Uarn lo preserve from waste and
lo. '
. Moil of diflereul degrees of productiveness,
where their mechanical texture and pltisical
proeprties are alike, always conuin unlike
quantities " of llie food of crops. It sem to
make little difference how antatl is the amount
of ihe lacking ingredient in the composition of
cultivated planu. Its absence is fatal lo ihe
further growth of the crop, after it appropri
ate alimeiit faiU in the soil. It is easy to dis
cover the wisdom of this universal Law.
Snnpiua Nature should organize grass, grain
and other plant which serve as die daily
food of all the higher order of animals, as
well without bone earth (phosphate ol lime)
as with that mtn tra). Would it be possible for
smdt. gouu -and grain to y ield lo llie. Woovl of
domestic animal and to that of man himself,
that solid earthy matter which imparts strength
to human bones, and to those of oxen, horses,
sheep and swinet Certainly not. Although
iron ia alway prrsnt in the Utod and blood
of animals, no farmer ever killed a calf, a pig
or n ox, which had iron lor the fiatneol its svs- 4
tern N anaaooiist ever .iw boiM in the -
bodj? of person, formed of oilier earthly at
om than such as Providence had fitted for thi
peculiar function in the animal economy, .
The brain snd muscles ol all animals con
tain both eulphur t'and phosphorus eon- "
lituetit clement. 'If their" t?aily food, derived .
as ii is from Ihe sod, lacked either sulphur or
painji'iorus, mast not thi ratlical defect in
their nuuishment, soon induce weakness snd
il se ise; and finally result in premature deaiht .
To pecenlconsejence so d.sastrou and so
obvious, N ature refuses to organise plant with-