Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / July 31, 1850, edition 1 / Page 1
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1 : ; WE -NORTH cAJiosimTMy . tn011SJ.IUU, Editor. "50IirtIlflHSr8rTBl U Iattltcduar, moral ulpryiiaTnMBMTIli frif rwr iWftW littnr f OOTifftttiirtfc : r" irnxinil I.'Ifiit I..-.!. . r.n.r. ? RALEIGII, WEDNESDAY BIOUNIIVG JUL Y.31,18a0 i NO. 31. rr; u t ' " '"" i iii ..a,-. , ,t i : .J-, ! i - . . . TUB WORTH CAKOLEtlA STAJ1 is rcsusus wit, - IT WOIAS J. IE1AI k SOS. (Offlcs curly oppota ths Post Office.) . - , the fiivr. $2 M per una, wha mU 1 DVca ! 00 If payiasai aoisysa inns weu -(,'; Trrmnf IdTrrliilnr. Om )'un, (1 line,) Best insertion, $1 m m . .i, subtsquent inssrtioa, 25 Court orders and judicial drrtlfeaU, 86 per ami, hivhrn A tlsdaetioa of Silpr esnt. for sdvrUwnieoU by lb Tear. , . . ... t: 41 4 Li I jpok, Rtulttsact may W .t oor rik. All letter! sad comrauuiciiun. mm. AGRICULTURAL. ,. PATENT OFFICE REPORT. THE CULTURE OF WHEAT. Thin it no Crop, the ikilful and tuccesiiful cultivation of wWcll dttr tama- Boilr from generation to generation, require mare tut than. ia demanded lo produce gooa wneat. i o grow ihtt grain on fresh land, adapted .to the peculiar kabiis-and wanis we ptanis, i an easy task. But such fields, except in rare instances, fail aooner or later lOLpruduce sound and healthy plants, which are little liable lo attacks ol'ihe malady called, "nut," or whirh give lengthened ears itt "head," well flllei with dIuidd seeds, llarmg- rang rooidod- Hi ..tnenssl .wnrai. rowiuff district in the Union, the writer has devoted y ears -of atirdy-and obscrvstimt --to aH the iulliMjnces of soil, climate, and conslitution- al peculiarities, which afl'ect tliw bread-bearing plant. It is far more liable to smut, runt, and shrink itt some soils than in others. This is uiie.jo western Jew, Y Of kaiid io every oihi-r scetiou where wheal has long been culiivaled. As the alkalies and other fertilising elements become exhausted in the virgin soils of Amer ica, its crops of wheat not.only become smaller on an average, but the plants fail in con stitutional vigor, and are more liable lo diseases and attacks from parasites and destructive in sects. Defects in soils, and improper nutrition, lead to these disastrous results. Soils are defective in the following particulars: 1. They lack soluble silica, or flint with which to produce a har , glossy sicm that will be little subject to "rust," Soluble Hint is never very abundant in cultivated soils; and after they have been tilled some, ycata, the supply is deficient in quantity."' It is hot" very dillicull lo learn with considerable accuracy the amount l silica which rain-water, as li fall on the earth, will dissolve out of 1,000 (Trains of soil in the course of right or ten day s, ilot water will dissolve more ihau cold; and water charged with cartmntc arid, -more than pure water which has been boiled. The ex - pertinents of Prof. Kogers, of the Uniiersi- ly ol V irgina, as published in Mllirnan s JourwW, have a direel bearing on this suliject. The researches of Prof. Emmons, of Albany, in UU elaborate and saluabtuwwk n.Agn. culture," being a part of the Natural Hixtorr 6f ttevr York) shtrwhv4,00-(wrt-o soil vield ouly Xroui. 1 JUl ii pans of soluble silica. The ss dyses uf Dr. Jackson, published in his Ouoligieal Survey of Mew liampsliire, give similar results. Earth t.dm fiom an old and badty exhaastcd field m 4Jeorgia gavf the writer only tine p-irt of soluble llint in 100,- OW, r. What element of crops rain-water Til sum mer heat will dissolve out of ten or twenty pounds of soil, in the course of three nionihs, is point in agriculturjj science which should be made Uio subject of numerous and rinid ex- perimfiin. In this way, the capabilities of difcreltrarilvalldlhw emnsmay be tested, in connexion with practi cal experiment in field eulture, on the same kind of earth. -,. , , Few wheat-growers tie aware how much dissolved llml aa acre of good wheat demands to prevent its having coarse, sof , and spungy stems, which are sny thing hut a heal liy or ganization of the jilam. In UiB journal of the Koyal Agriculiur.u Society of England, vol ton 7, there is an ex leu Jed "report on the analyis of the ashes of plant, by Thomas W,ay, Professor of Chemistry at the Riyal Agricultural College, ireiieeiter," which gives the results of sixty-two analyses of the ash of wheat, from a many' (ample of that grain grows musdy ou diflereul suiU and un der different eircuinntance,. . .. -1 In this report are given Die quantity of wheat fet sere, the weight of Craw cut close to 1'ie ground on each acre, and also that of the ch H". These rcsen relies show that from iiiuely-.hree to one hundred and fifty pounds of soluble flint are required lo form an acre, of wiieat; and I will add, from my own investigations, thai three-fourths of this silica is demanded by nature during Hie last sixty days preceding the maturity of the crop, ' This is die period in which the stem ac quire it solidity and strength, snd most of it incombustible earthy milter. The quantity of dii varies from 3 to 13 per cent, of the freight of the straw. Professor Johnston and Bir Humphrey Davy give instance in which more Uian 1 3 per cent, of ah was found; and Professor Way gives eases were less than 3 per cent, was obtained. .The mean of 40 sam ples was 4t pr cent. Dr. Sprenirl give 81 as the mean of hi analyse. M. BoussingauU found aa average of 7 per cent A Bint is truly the tont of all the grass family, impart, ing to: them strength, a 'in cane, timothy corn, oats, rye, rice and millet, the proportion of this mineral varies a much in wheat straw at bone arie in very lean and very at hog or cat- ,tu. ..,...,:,,;.....,..., v. - A youn, growing animal, whether child or a colt, that is kept on food which lack bone-earth, (phosphate ol lime) wilt hive soft, cartilaginous bone. Natnre cannot substitute iron, nor sny other mineral in the snimal sys tem, out ol which to form hard, strong bones; ' nor can any other mineral, in the soil perform the peculiar function assigned to liliat, in the vital economy of aerial plants. To protect the living germ in the seeds of wlitaVeorn, ot, rye, barley, &c, 'the cuticle or bran of wthese contains considerable flmL The am i true of chaff. ,. The question naturally arise: How i the' farmer to increase the quantity of solublcsiliea or flint in hit soiir Thi is question of the highest practical importance. . There are three principal ways in which the object named "way be attained. . w'.-rfi, ,...:, ,,, ... . 1, "t By ke&t fcw' seres der the .plough. Land ia nastur. ir .n . i -. i , - well NiU41m, , )rtUga,n m feruhty, and . in the process accu , niulate soluble .u.c la iurVc In thu i way, more graia and surer ernpt may ba ii? bJruW7,tjnJ U wheat two year. i than four in six. If the field in the mean time be devoted to wool-growing, butter orcheese- muking.or to stock-raising, particular ears must be taken to make great cro of grass, or clover to trow on the land, and have all the manure, boih solid and liquid, derived from these, applied lo its surface. There are many counties in England that yield an average of ihiriy-lwobuthclsof wheat per acre for ten or twenty crop in succes sion. I here are but few oi the old ennnties in the United State which average the half f that anantitv: and et our climate has greater rgricuitural capabilities Uian that of Ureal liritain. J his lael will be made abun dantly evident in an article under ths head of I 4 1 I... .J I ft., I Iff "Africunurai ninjeoroiogy. 2d. Another way to increase soluble silica in the soil is, to grow such crops in rotation with wheat culture as will best prevent the loss of dissolved flint at any time, by leaching and washihtt,, thnmzh the agency of rain-water.. This remark is intended io apply more pimVutarf those large districts i limited ta eotlnn and tobacco culture plant that take up no considerable amount or silica,- and which, by the constant stirring of the carih and the clean tilliage which lliey demand, favor the leaching of the soil. To keep much of a plantation iu these crops is to lesson its capa bilities fur producing good crops of corn, wheat, and barley, at a small expense. vnfn plant, -wen miin:u;ei,, -w ill Mttrarl n.ore pounds of silica in Uireeor six months from lUissuil man any-oUtes. Asnot-sn wince ot mis mineral w needed in the animal economy ol mnn or beasts; Irralf lit be coiii posted in corn stalks, blades and cobs, or in the dung and u rine derived from corn, and be finally reorgan ized or deposited in the stems of wheat plants. Corn culture and wheat culture, if skilfully and srieiitifially conducted, liu admirably to gether. Uf the two, more bread, more meat. and more money can be made Irom the corn than from-the wheat plant in this country.' But so sooo as what is called "lata: h farming" in England shall be popular in the United State. the crops ol corn and wheat crown here a ill demonstrate how Utile we appreciate tlie sue- nonly of our climate lor the economical feed ing and clothing of the human family over that ol our "country, In several counties lit bngland it lakes from twelve to fourteen months to make a crop of wheal after the seed is put into the rround. At or near the first of December, 1847, Mr. M. li. More of Augusta, Ucorgia, sowed a busfict of seed' wheat on an acre and a hall ol urciund, which gave him over ih'rty bushels by the middle ofMay li.l,.w mir. 1 lu3grouiidwaslhenploughed,anda hnecron hay jaansaiui cut-in Julv. . Alter 1111, emul f crop of peas was raised snd harvested in Oo j nbr, belore H was time to seed wiih -wheat 1 again, as was done. While the mean It'inpcralure ol England is so low that plauts will not ripen, iu Georgia one can grow a crop ol wheat iu the winter, and uearly two crops ol corn in success on unite summer and autumn !foK4l..iecejrajLM .Kil! tiu writer, tomv knowledge, has done lulljusuce to. ihe Jiaat agritullural xuaourcut of tlu: south ern portion of the Amer.can confederacy. But there is much ol its Soil winch is not richiii the elcinenls of bread. IVolhing but ihe.cire- ful study of these elements, and of thu nam. ul laws by which duty are goynied, can rem edy dcfi-cts in wheal culture any where, and cspen.ilfy on ry poor l.'tiij. - v - Sid. All alkaline minerals, such a potash, soda, lime, ammonia, and magnesia, hasten the solution of the several compounds of siliea in the 'sod. Thi fact should be rememlicred by every fanner. To undertake an cxpl.;naiion of the various way in which ulkaiu; oxidtt surface of the earth, when subject to tillage, would be out 01 place in this oulliue view ol wpcut-growing in the United Stabs. I may slate du fact, however, si ascertained by ma ny analyses, that a cubic foot of good wheat soil in Ute valley ol the' (Jtin sj coauins twen ty timet more lime, than a cubic foot of the poorest (oil iu South Carolina aud Georgia. The quantity ol gy ptuin. boot -earili, aud mig ncsia, available as loud for pi mis, varies in an equal degree. Notonly lime, tut phosphoric acid, potash und uiagneiua, sre lacking in most soils, tl oii5 disiris lo raise a large crop of wheat, and have the seeds of the plant weigh al much the straw, " In a nuniiicr of the specimens of wheat an'aly zed by Professed Vaj,wliencut(ilito lo the (pots, the dry wheat outweighed the dry tt.sw. Having secured the growth of bright, hard, glossy stem, Ihe next tiling is In deielop a long, will-lilted ear. To this end, available ammonia oro.lrogcu, phrusphorus, polash, and magnesia, are indisjiensabie. Ammonia (spirits of hartshorn necessary to aid in lunning the combustible part of u.a seed. 'I'hs other ingredieuis named are required to assist in making lh4 iucombusiible pan ol tha gram. In 1UU parts of the ash of wheat there are the following substance, viz: - Silira, r ' Phosphoric acid, ; ' Sulphuric acid, Lime, Magnesia, Peroxide of iron, Potash, Soda, Chloride of Sodium, Total 9.28 43.73 0.32 2.00 ' 10.U4 2.04 1 82.24 4.U0 0.27 ' 89.04 The quantity of ash in wheat raries from li to 2 percent.; the average is about' 1.6U. 'lire amount of fthesphene acid, in any given quantity, of the ash wheat, varies from 40 to 50 per cent, of the ame. Seed that have a thick cuticle or .bran, and little gluten, contain a smaller percentage of pliospliroic acid and more silica. About one-ihird of thsash ispot- salt, in dearly all eases. Magnesia varies from W u 14 per cent,; lime from II to 6 per eeut. f eroxule ol iron t seldom as abunuaiil as in the ash shove given; and the same u true of sods. Chloride of sodium is common alt, m! exist in small quantity. Sail is be ginning to be much used a a fertilizer on wheat iodirectly to increase tlie crop.' . The lollowing may be taken a abnufthe average composition uf the ash of wheat straw. It i"prcimca No. 40" in the table of Pro lessor Way; and I copy verbatim all that is said on the subject, Soil sandy; mbtoU stone and clay; geological formation Silurian; drain ed; 9 year in tillage rf p, after carrots 20 ton per acre, dipped December, 1849; heavy crop: mow August 12th; carried August 20lhj esunrated yield 43 bushel per acrestraw long grain goodVweight 62 pound to the bushelQ length of atraw 42 inehe. ,J . Ildation of grain, tiraw, and Chaff,, , Actual quantities; Per rootage. fJrain, Straw, Chaff, 1633 45.15 47.89 1733 250 6.08 8617 Specific gravity of grain. 1.308 lbs. 3S04 Weight of grain per acre, Weight of sim w per acre. Weight of chaff per acre, Mineral matter in an acre: Wheat, Straw, Chaff, Total S775 3-10 401 1-5 44 113 47 1-5 304 7-10 Analysis of the ash of the grain: Per centage. Kemoved from n acre. S lbs. 8 oz. Silica, 5.63 43.08 -tl 1.80 11.(19 23 31.51 1.87 I'bniintirnip neiil. 10 0 0 5 0 15 0 8 i 128-10 3 2-10 2 5 0-10 13 3-10 Siilpurte acid, I.ime, Magnesia, Peroxide of iron Potash, Soda, Total. 0U.08 44lbs. 6 4-t0nx. Analysisjofwraw with iltpropnrtion of chaff: Per centage. Removed "er , acre Wirra" 60.36 5J1 .4 45 6.90 1.45 29 11.79 none. 1 1 1 lbs. . 8 7 11 2 1 18 I 3-10 oz I'hui'phnric aciiL. Sulphuric acid Lime Magnesia Pemxidu of iron Potash Soda ' 6 7-10 7 2-10 2 2-20 Chloride of Sodium none. TojiI 09.08 160 lbs !5-20nz If we stibstracl the 111 pounds of silica fiom the 160 of minerals in ihe straw and ehaff. Ihe diirerencc between what are left and those in wheat is noL great. As ttic stems and leaves of wheat plains grow before their seeds, il all the phosphoric acid, potush, and lime available in the soil is consumed before the oiganization of the seed begins, from what source is nature lo draw her supply of ihrse ingredients to form a good crop of wheat? If the farlner could reverse the order of nature. and grow-a good supni v seeds-- hrst, ano-i makeslraw alterwards,tmn many a one would harvest more wheat and less siraw. But the cultivator must grow the siems, roots, and leaves ol wheat, corn, and cotton, hetore na ture will begin to foiiu the seeds of these seve ral plvnlS! and ever one should know that the atoms iu t lie soil winch are eoluumi'd in or ganizing the bodies ofcul iiaicd plains, arc, in the main, idciilical iu kind with those required to make their seeds. The proportions how ever, th Her Tcry cims'tdembly. ThSi while 100 parts of Ihe ash of wheat contain an nver 'Sge'of 45 jriirfs orphnsphoric aetd,- IflO of ;h sxh of lieat straw contain an average of only 3 parts. "The"' difference is iis 9"'to' T. ' lli magnesia' the disparity is only a little less striking. 4 i - In what are called the organic elcmeuis uf w heal, (the combustible pari) there is tc.cu times more niirogen, in IU0 piundi. thaaiu like weight of straw. Hence, if the fanner convert su-aw into manure r compost, with the view, ultiiiiately, of irantforining it into wheat, il will take tcven pounds of draw lo yield nitrogen enough to lorin one pound ol wheat. Few are aware how much labor and money it annually lost by the feedini; of plan s wants ol nature, in organizing me same. . li is true, that most farmers depend on the na tural fertility of thu sort lo nourish their. crops with perhaps the aid uf a little atahleamt barn yard manure given to a part of them. ' As the natural resources of the laud bcirin to fad, the supply must be drawn from oilier quarters than an exhausted held, or its cultivator will receive a poor return for1 the labor bestow ed. Iu Great Britain, where the necessity fr lib eral harvests and artiticial fertilizing is far great er than in Uiis country, thu yield of wheat is said to be governed in a good degree, by the amount ol uiniuoui stHiUbloa food hir crow ing plants. This opinion is founded nol st ail i on theory, tmt alingiiner on ihe" teaehiiigs of experience. Uul in Cugland, liming and ma nuring are so much mailers of constant prac tice, that few soils are o impoverished as ma ny are in the United States. W i tit land as which is much that e u be louml in the old thirteen colonies between Maine and Alabama, English larincr could Hardly pay Uiuir uiliet and poor rates, to say nothing of other taxes, rem, and t;ie cost uf producing annual crops. 1 lie first step to ward t making larming per manently profitable in all the oklir States is to accumulate in a cheap and skilful manner the raw material fur ;'ood harvests in the toil. IKer a territory to extensive a die United States, it is extremely dilhcult to lay down any rule that wiil be applicable . even lo moiety of the Kepublic. There are, how- ei er, mauy bed ot marl, green (and, gyp asm, limestone, saline, aud vegetable deposits, available lor the improvement of farming lauds in Uie Union. In addition lo these, are. ex ti'aneous resources. The ocean, with it fish, its shells, its seaweeds, iu feriilizinf aalu and guano, will yield an incalculable amount of the richest elemeni of bread and meat. In the subsud and in the aimotphere, every agricul turist nai resources wnicn are not duly appre ciated by one in a thousand. . As a general thing, the sod must be deepened before it can be permanently improved. One sere of (oil twelve inches deep is worth more to uak HMHtey bysuluvallRg Hlbstt lour acre six inches in depth. Thus admit that a soil six inches deep will produce fourteen buihela ol wheat, and that twelve bushel will, pay ail expense and give two for prufiu four scretof this land will yield a net income ol only eight bushels, ftow, double the depth of the soil and uie crop making the latter twenty -eignt ousneis instead prfourunrere,ndthefom twelve inch deed idtlic place ofsix! 15 buh - eliiuile-dd of 12 will now pat all annual expen- sea.and leave a net profit not of two b itof .i- leen bushel per acre. II small erops will psy ex primes, targe ones will make a forlun J, provi ded the farmer know how to enrich hi land in Uie mou economical way. Il i quite as easy to pay too dear lor imi roving land a w lute money at any odier business what ever. .., ' . ... , i The first thing for th operator, to do is, to acquire all iho kiiowledj-wuhin ht reach from the expenetK ftl other wntx. have done for their soil what he propose to sccumphxhl for hit. Twenty or fifty dollars, invested ia I the best airriculiural work in the Emrluh laa-l guage, msy ssve him thousands in the end, and double his prohts in two years. The agricultural journal of the United Slate abound in information most useful to the practical farmer; and the b.ick volumes if collected and bound, will form a library ol great value. aoTtTioN or cropi rs connexion with wheat ci'Luas. A svtlem of tillage and rotation which will pay beat in one loivdiiy or pn one qtiulity of auil, tnu.in particular elimnie, will lv found nol at alt adapted to o'lu r localities different soils, i n I la itudi s. . Hence no rule can be l.iid d i n ill a will meet the peculiar pxigen cies of a farming country so extentive as the thirty States east of the Kocky Mountains. I here are soils in western I ew 1 ork known tj the writer, which have borne good crops of wheaievery other year lor more than twenty ears, and produce Ik-Hit now .ihun at ihe b - g ii rnnf ot Wt f utirartitrnT-; I'h'r-reteoTew ol the earth, in tupplvini the elements ot the and corn, are extremely variable. There are friable, slialy rocks, in Livingston county. INew York, winch crumble and slake when exposed to the air, that abound in all the earthy minerals necessary to form goixl wheut. These rocks or' iiundn ds of feet in thickness, and' e furnished much of the snil iu the valley ol me uenesee. Ihe unond .ica sill croup, " ----- ' I . , . ,. , Ml 1 as siraft' wTiicTf fxtemTBtlit" far hiia. . IlmuldwU diwagli wwh. i soils of exiraord narv en- ' wllH ,he ""lappv number of Uie fearful, un- wheat. Inileed (tie roi-kT btng. alHunttmble murderer-aml- liar and other cenlicuous Canada est, lorin pacify for grow ing ml "drill ot a uiMtricl give character to its arable surfuce. Nothing is more needed nt this time than a good geological map of the United Stales, ac companied by an accurate and popular by r Tangcd work on Agricul ur.d Geology. The writer had hoped In cue such a map in Una rcpori; but it is thought best lo deiole another year to the roller! on of geological surveys and facts, and to the making ol more critical and cxiended researches, before publishing. In Ihe matter ol rotation ol crops in connex ion wilh wheat culture, clover and corn ate generally prefen d in all the nordiern and most I the Middle Slates. In new York, Ohio, Pennsylvania .Michigan, isconitin northern inuiaiia, nnu iiiniiiin, o lar us tne writer is I in -..- .1.- :. acquainted, a crop of , Ileal is made in rotation, either every third, fourth, or filth vt ar. When ever wool-growinc is united wi ll wheat cul- lure cloier and wheat- art ihu alaple crop of Uie farm. Wool and superliuu flour are exported; farmers taking nearly all the bran and shorts of ihe millers who purchase their wheat 'the ollal of wheat makes not a little feed, with eMail and cut straw. Many agriculturists grow peas, beans turnips, beeut, and earrois in iarp quantities, as well an clover, com, oats, and barley, Pest and beans, bolh v ini s i n l seeds, w hen w e'l eiired, are excellent f.-ed lor sheep and on liuod lai d tltey are easily grown. They fit die soil well for wheat. .All.:the mauure.dci:ived,frwiU jdir.cn is hus banded with exlienie cure by farmers who are gradually enriching thcirt nds. On a-de T, r eh, arable oil,uuite a uumber id sheet) m.iv 1 be kept per acre, il highly cultivated; and their! mauuie prepare the land for producing gene-' cusc opt ol wheat al a small exp. ..to. Of all hsinmiwautonef caicu ors oi ; r Jit mi ton. i0Mi , Great care sbuu.d I e 1 ken lo saw good and clean seed on clean Intnl. Previous lo pulling die seed in the ground, (drilling is pre ferable to towing broadcast.) wheat should he soaked 5 or 0 hours' not longer in strong brine. Af.er this, add a peck or more of rc- p.H.lb;:lAkedJi!HP lo .,i;vcb.4).tUlU4sA4-AliVL it over well, tiilit the lime may cuer each te;d. It it now ready lo commit lo the enrlh. .Vlott good farmer roll the ground af ter seeding; some before. . - .. In the southern State planter are in the habit of permitting their; wheat to remain too long iu ihe Held after it is cradled and in sm. ll shocks. Good hams are very scarce iu all the planting States, and in some others. Summer fallowing is generally abandoned, except in cmcs where okl pasture and mead-. Oivs, new prairie, or bushy, bad fields are to be subdued. At s general rule, friable soils need not be ploughed long hetore the intended erop is expected to. begin ! crow. Among ferlilizersjvpoihashcs. salt, bones, gypsum, time, guano and poudrette, have been used in wheal culture wall decided silvantage. In Great Britain, manure derived from the con sumption of turnips and other root crops hy sheep and neat cattle, is much used iu preparing land for wheat. Sheep, clo ver, and peat, corn and hojs, rotate well to en tire iho econoitiic.il production of this staple. Al mure is usually applied lo the crop preced ing wheat. li may he interesting to some readers to see I in this place the moan result of several nreanic analyses of wheat made by M. Bouwinjtaulu V heal dried ut 230" n vacuo was found to contain: Carbon, ' 43,1 Oxygen, 43,4 Hydrogen, 63 Nitrogen, 2,3 Ash, 2,4 Total 100 Charcoal nitty lie regarded a a fair repre- sentalive aUarbonf and witerss the represen tative ol both oxygen snd hydrogen. It will be seen by Uie above lijurot th it over 93 per cent, of wheat is mule up of element which greatly abound io nature in n available condi tion; and the tame 1 true of all o'hei plsnt. It i doubtless owing to tliit circumstance tint a etinpiralively sin ill qu tntitv of guano, and other hiirhlv concentrated fertilizers, are able product erupt-nverten, ami fitly-time greater than their own wuigtiU Azote, or ni- trogen, in in Jiirm til anun'mia or nunc acta, (aquafortis,) and the incom'u'.i!ile part of plants are the element which least aboun liu oils, and thould be husbanded with tlie great-eat- eaptw.'e - ..! . ' d.-snc(r thff msrHnge-of i 'ypung lady i; when the hat iti her eouitlsn- anen mildness. In her speech wisjotn, horjwhaviof midosiy, and 111 he life virtue. - . Th Leice ler Chronicle hts been favored, bv a married ladv , with the. following :aiis- tic of btohrlordoin: Bachelor hespeckeJ by their houtt keeepers, 3.1 hi, pettered by leg. e.y buniinirelati.e, 1,798; dc.oures by ennui snd selfish cares, 2,001; . troubled . and tor mented by nephew and neiee, M8 t; erah- bed,-' eross-grained aitd detotnta- ia life tie. elm, 0,883; Any py, none, . 4-; h UtTl'l DErilTlElT. WHAT WILL THE END BE. -When I see a.iSy angry with hi parents, disobedient and obsiinalndeiermined to pur sue hi own course to be hi own master telling at nought the rxjierience r ge, and disresarding their admonitions and reproof unles hi eouree of conduct i chancmt, I need not inquire "what Will hi end bet" lie not only disobeys hi parents and intuit hi friends, hut he disregard the voice of God, snd is pursuing that path that leads directly down lo the g-ites of death and woe. W hea 1 notice a little girl quite found of dress, and Ihreb her pride is increased: dissatisfied and unpleasant at limes il she can not obtain her desires, and anxious A b bet ter clothed than ber means will permit; her thoughts occupied with what she thajl wear, and what others will think of her drets unless she changes her conduct, I need not ask what her end will bj. She regards her , apparel more than God, and although she may hu luu-ied ami greatly admired by world, yet ere long God will abase her pride, and punish her fur her vainly. When I see a boy in- the. haliit of lyimr. and no confidence tube placed in what he may say, always ready with a falsehood up pun his tougue; unlrss he alter his course, I need in I iuuire wlu.t his end will be. The cursu of God is upon him. Ho is despised by Ihe good, and Ills nw.n Iricnilsbave no ho have iheir. part in the,. second death V hen I see a boy desiring the society of the wicked and depraved. associating wilh those who will twear, lie, cheat, and steal; seeking their company, making their friendships I need nut i.uinre, unless he alter his course. what his end will he. He will soon bu as had at his eomiuuiont, or wnrte; and, of a truth, does nol fear nor love God, or he would not seek iho society of those that set at nought his council, and despise his reproofs. But when 1 see a hoy kind, alfif liouale, respi cilul, obedient to his parents; keeping holy the Sabbath day; found in the sanctuary, joining God's people in his worship; loving lo pray to him; who is punctual at sabbath school, an. n. lie, quiet, with hit lesson well commuted lo me.nnry, and repealed accurate, ly; keeping good company, forming good hab its, I can predict, witii certainty, what the end of that boy will be. Ki spec led by all that know him, Ta iSeluPmcjiiber "of society,' and an ornament as he advances in age, under the supervision of the God he-loves; pursuing the path ol the upright, having his heart sprinkled wilh hat hh whkhclaanaath from all ituiywUf ..Then how 4.. I'he truih of the expression of Ad.liton, "Be luildhoaciilui.a CJuislian can die," will bo vardied in his death. : KISIXLLAM.OI'S. PCTE TVATER-TME-ClIOLER.Vr 'l'lie Cholera siatis 1 t ol London lor ihe year IStttikeirrrnirhe Hi-gstryinlhe-lasliniin-4 UJr ' ipe ftdiiibui-gn ite . iew, make It appear l"at ' "W orpiire tiid wh.llesome walcf ' "8nB m mmrt ilecuve preventive ,"u"" r01" ,,e 01 ln" Wrnble conU- 1 lle K'ew states, and indeed it is uo.i, coin purcu nun j-iii.aai.i,;nia ati ;ic cw York, is m.serably supplied with water. It appears- that that ponton of the great English metropolis which 1 cs north of the Tliainct, is heller supplied than tint which lies south of ll.e river, ihe striking lacl loliowt: 1 lie proportion of deaths from Cholera for the 13 weeks ending September 13th, 4840, to every aO.WWrifJibpurattiiir, wtl;hoTth .theThsito, about 3U, and south ol it, about 139 showing the mortality was, five time groater than where there wata more siiliicicut and pure sup ply. These are averages, hut more striking couiraiis arc exhibited in the details. A FIENDISH PLOT. A gentleman who arrived from' Springfield in the .New York and New Hani tiain, due here ut I ( o'clock biMt night, informs us that a few miles this tide of Worcester, when the train was under speed of about thirty mile pur hour, there Was s sudden and violent ah ick, w.ncU ihrdi lliti jiaaieugot all into a heap, and caused the utmost confusion and consier li.tiioii, . Tlw trniti Was soon slopped, and up on examination it appeared that tome hellish villains had placed a cross-tree across ihe track. The engineer slated that he taw it, when near, and Ion lato lo avoid it. The lo comotive hid bonnd.'.d over it without break ing any thing, aud kept upon the mck; m the first baggage car came in contact with it, the br.ike was broken, and iho first passenger car on c imnig up got a terrible shaking. Th i li ves i;atin party walked down tlie track for to.ne d.s.anc, and discevcred th it (lick of tuiioer, plank, treei. tc, were laid in different positions across the track for tome four or five ml- . 1 -.1 'iii.. e. 1.. ...1... 1....1 1 .i.t a ..,ia 1 110 uciiu wiivwau I4IIU iiioiii I'ti tjff mdeiidy determined not to ba tnilid in ac- comulislunir iheir hellish purpose of a coin plete liestruction of Ihe tram, aud ol course otwf,u(.Mwl jn iiurouc, 11a would hold ia bis the live of the passenccr in it. But this was only one half of the murdurou ploji There 1 a double back, und there wa e idutce th it the up train, which had pasted, had alto met with tnnilar obairuetinns, snd broken one of their brakes, which they left by the side of Ihe track.. Sticks of timber, similar to those found upon thi! other truck, were f mu I lying nutsidu an I parallel with the rails, as if they had bnrn re moved from scros them. Uoston 7imei.!' ATLANTA AND LA G HINGE KAIL, ROAD, GEORGIA. , .-. The President ot' tliis road the Hon. J. P. KiiMf . It ha a capiiet of 1.00O.0OQ. Eigh- ly-six mile of it are eoniihictcd; it ha a (urplu on hand. .Forty-thr milet of il were graded during the past ten months L. P. Grant, I engineer. 1 lie road is to lie alt bunion the cash principle, nod -blueing allowed to accrue Heavy T rail, at t)13 per ton, delivered, is already purchased' This road connect 1300 mile ot railroad st AdaMla with tli Alabanu U tilorsd. It is cslculsted that ps eugsrt Crow New York will be this lo reach New Orleans in four and' a half days, when -this mail i finislind. the et timaud cost is t830.OOO, and the dindeud will baabotil 19 pet cent, Halivax, July 8. Thhip Cornir, from Li'srpool to New York, thirty-five day out, with 207 passengers, , wa wrecked near Uspe Race. W recker pillagrd tlie ventcl, ctrgo and potwengerss sxi tiva lost ., Govern ment will nil tlie pisseneers forward Imme- diately. llesvy -west wind since "attirdar, HAD MM THERE. "I call upon yon," aaid the counsellor, "to stale diitincdy upon what authority you are prepared lo awear Ihe mare' aget" -. "Upon what authority!" aaidtha ostler, in terrogatively. ' , "You are to reply, and not repeat the quettioi) put to you." ,- , ... . "I don't enntider a man' bound to nwer question before he' had time lo lurn i! in hi mind "Nothing can be more simple sir, than Ihe question put, I again repeat it. Upon what authority do you awear to ths animal s are! , - "The best authority," responded the witness gruffly. ) ' "Then hy such evion! WhyWyoti not state it st once! ' -.-1 "Well, then, if you must have it" .".Musi! I must and will have it," vociferated the excited counsellor, interrupting the w li nes. . r, ... ; ... .. "Well, then, if you mutt and will have it,' rejoined the other, with imperturbable gravity, "why them 1 hJ tMrom lb mars -wa mou til." ; r A' limuhaneon burst of laughter rang through the court.. U. J'tc. The eloquent Indian, George Copway, whiletpeaking, in a late sermon of the facilities which every man has, to study the bible, exclaimed, "alii impenitent, the bible i over PLI IIWHU, 1. W HH.IH (Wilt II Mg-ym Wliiiptrt4rti if ' . (J t ba(, rpf ' u , taTM'tiwt?rr' your heed, it w under your feet, II t on et.cn ly wwt m fcialu; and. ill be by hard iggiing to get Gibbon truly . aid die beat and meat important part of every man' education i that which he give liiinsell,- ; ? ' QUERY FOR ScTeNTIFIC MEN : In what manner doe a diamond act upon glass wis loeut it! That it doe not penetrate it substance it obviou to any one who will attend to in operations, for it only divide the exceedingly attenuated pellicle on the surface, ind penetrate no deeper. The best cut of diamond is when It make the least finite in passinit a line, and it cuts in the same mannmtr the thickest as well at the thinnest plate of glass. , Ihe tncyclopedta Americana. s;iys: "It is very remarkable that only ihe point of n iturul crystal can be used; eu! or split the di.imnodt scratch, but the glass will not break a long scratch as it doe whsn the natural chrystal issued." Again the crack is found to follow the diamond after it nais biased teveral inchjt. That il doe hot eut it by 'dividing pellicle it clear, because piece of quart will do ihe ime by postting in the tame lint repeatedly, diamond act? SARCASTIC SENTENCE Old Elias Key, formerly first Judge of Windsor county, Vt. wu a Strang eouipoai tioil uf folly , and good sense, of natural ahrewd nets and want ol euluvaiion. Th following sentence, it is did, wa pronounced upon a p Kir r. g ed fellow Coll .Ictfitl ot stealing a-p?j of lioots from General Uurtit, a m m ol eon siderabte wealth -ht-th -town ut Windtor: ' " WelT, iafd fhl iU'dgv; r verjrrgravely be lore pronouncing lenteneeot court, underta king to read the lellow a lectur, "your'e a fine ft lluw o be arraignjd before a court fur aitul- ing. They ay yuii m''jtm'mltnto1m it who took at you. And how dura , you, be ing poor, have the imprudence to sieal pair of boots f Nobody but rich people haves right to lake men. Ihiug without paying: I ben they say you art) wohhlet that ia evident from tli foci that no ion ha aver asked jus. tire to be done you: all by unanimous eonseiit, pronouiiCTd you guilty before yotl weretrtett. Now, you, being so worthies, wa a fool to ileal, because you might know you would b condemned. And you must know that it wa great aggravation that you have tolo them in th large town of Windsor. In that large town to commit such sn act i .most horrible. And ntrt only go into Windsor to steal, but you UMSt steal Irom mat great man Ueneral Uur- ti. 1 hi cap the elimsx of your iniuuity. Base wreuiht why did yon nol go and (teal the only pair of boot which turn pour man had, or could get, and then you would have been let alonei no body would hava troubled UieiutclvB about lb sol, lur your iniquity in sieulnig in the great town of Windsor, and from tlie ireat Gtu, Curti Uie court seuteiicet you to ihre monih' : imprukmment in , tlie county jail, and may God give you something to eat! ' i . . ....'v, .:...... j . INGENIOUS TRICK. An Enulislt papor relate th following in- geniou mode of-niitmg the wmd." practised by a musician on Ilia credulity of the iiihabt Urn ol country towni - , , A loruiirner, named vogel, a celebrated Aula player, advertised afouceri for hit bene fit, tnd in order to attract thoae who . ' lltd tut anuie in thvir tault. . t - And war not laurtid by ths oonsord of twest sbaiult.' he announced that birtwe.n tli set , he exhibiian extraordinary leutnever'befi.re would left hand glaol wine, snd would allow six of tlie strongest men tn the town to hold hit arm tnd nouuhsunu.ng U their eflort to prevent him would drink tnu wine: 00 novel and ' to surprising a display of alretiglb aa It wss na turally regnded, attracted a very crowded house, and expectation was on the tiptoe, when our hero appeared on Ilia ttage, glass in hand, and politely invited any hall dozen of th u diene to com forward and put hi prowess 10 the test. Heverul genucmeu, immediately advanced to the stage, ml grasping the lell arm oi' Vogel, apparendy ntidered Uie perform ance of his promised feat quit out uf die qms- Uult Theje w an 1 wiui pauie lor a moment, whviii our arm bound hero, eyelnjf the gmtlt meft who had pinioned him, raid in hi broken Eiulish, Jonteel.nen, ar you all ready! Are you quit ur you hav got last hold! ' 'the answer Having uoea given ia trie aitirmatitr bv a ante eonfidenl aud from thoae ta whom 11 wa addressed, Vogel to Uie infinite amuse-rm-nl-ol th pgUiUirt,snd to ihe -ju . tiiiall MtrpvitM-ai' tjt group ruiiiid him, adviHicHig lilt rtglit arm, which was Ire, very coolly took ine wine glass from hi left hand, and now 111 very pviueiy 10 ute nan uozen ireniie- mon, (aid, 'JooieelmcB, 1 have de honor to driuk rtt your goot hesltli,' at th same lime quallung on the wme, amidst a general roarol liughter, and universal erica ot vllrtvo bravo well done, Vogel, A wife full of truth, Innoceuce tnd love, is the prettiest (lower, inan can next place, hit heart.' .' ; "" " "' '.''"(. : J , , ELECTION KETCUNS. Our friends ia th different ssctiuns sf lis! ' dims win Miner airraat tnw7 tenrsnung, a tsoa as tseertsinsd, the vt for GorerBur a4, Membsrs ef Assembly la their ropectivt counties. THE CONSTITUTION OF NEW MEI- ICO PEONAGE. , V "We have received in the column of the Ohio Statesman, a copy of the const! itution. j reeendy framed by the convention at Santa Fe, to be submiited tn the inliaitants of New Mex. j iro, : We lay before our readers auch pari: of that instrument as w deem of public in- terest. It will be een that the seat of gov-, em men t for the pmpcxed Cominonwealih i' fixed on the east bank of lli Rio Gronde, in the territory claimed by tlie Slate of Texas, ' J nd that dial constitution, framed in och bol. j hate by the Santa Fa eonvcniion, embrace -many thousand square miles which ate claim-' ed by the ame Stale. Such a proetedini, no " matter by what agency" it Va accornplUlted, "' is revolutionary in its chancier; for New Mex- S ie bvlongs ia th fvssfdaof aU the States, ml ...l th claim ol 1 cxa !o the cast bank of the Rio Grande i good tirainst the government of tha t , United State. But evtn admitting thacluiut 0,. to be invalid, yet it waa preferred by Texts- -long beforo tlie period of annexaiion, and hert . claim ha been hitherto maintained and ac. ' kuowleged by the fetlural government; and t we contend that ihe valid territorial claim of 1 t tnyereijm St4te cannot ba abrogated annul-: 5 UA, and inwIiaiauVjnjiierJfeir., die Executivel of tli United Slates or by the person whi" may taae up uieir resiuenoa on uie puuuc 00- , mnii, in combination with those wno nmy . take tip their residence on the domain ineon -troversy, . We repeat that tlie claim of Texas to tha east bank of the Rio Grande is a rood claim until some eompetent tribunal decides . otherwise, or until Text voluntary relinquish- 4 et iu and until one of those events happens, ' it is tlie clear and imperative duty of llicfede-, ,:' ml government to protect Texas in her claim, " and to e that no lioeliU jurisdiction i estaW . lishml within het lleffed boundarie. If tha federal government fail or refute to per' ! form Uist duly or if it trives aid and comfort " to tbot who would violate tli right of Tex-r -.; a to ber own soil thr n that Stale, by tha J supreme law of self defence, nd of necessity , is remanded to her original right of elf-pro- -. tcetion. -?v '. The feature of the Santa Fa eonstitution 1 relative to sis very Is worthy of especial con tideration. The question ha gone abniad 1 1 that'll aholiihe slavery hitaTly slid Abibraioty.f" Bu lliit i mistake! Ths eonttiiution only "1'' prohibits' lavtry when the person held a '"' t slavo i over tweiitv-ono year old if a male. ' and oic eighteen year, ff s female. Under ' those age respectively, slavery 1 directly and . unequivocally recognited and permitted. Bui " Itlia. ta not all-.-it--seem that th onveuUt'ii . while it thowed nnuparticular attachment lot, " African slavery a it exists iu tha Souther '"i States at the confederacy, manifoatcd . grosl ' ' regard tor thai worse tpectc of white slavery . which exittsin Mexico under tli name of ' fteMeiv '4'he trteHiomf the ennstlt u I ton,"" under the caption of "DEcLiaTio or iohts," -provide that "no male persoB thall ba held by '4 Uw-;to im-mfmatrM vmmmte&stfsst or a'pprentico, after ha arrive al tlie age of 1 eighteen year, unlet ' they be bound by their ' own tontent, after they merit at Kith art, r or are fcswn by U .-b- iht) ytaiithBiapi,;, crime." Thi clause place orvaiit,ppron. lice on flu i sani footmg (lave, and eou f demnathem all - to involuntary aerviiude, un. dor the ago which have been mentioned;- ,1 and then it fully and entirely recognise the, system of poc 11 ago the worst form of slavery by which an American freeman may bo. , enme, to alt intent nd pvmwss, th houd-. monof a Mexican lad rone. .Tha. manner in which that system operates may be fully understood bv die following extract from San- la Fe, dated June 12, 1830, which w) find iu ;ha Ohio Slatcmnan; j i, .., ISv the very first epiwvrtimlty, I lend yoit the conslitution ol .Now Mexico, home . ex citement exists iu Uio country iu rx-lnion . to tlie coming election pioi jded by it. The sam , penplc, who less than niloin year ago, cut oil '." ihe head uf one governor, and kicked it ihroimli ' the treet cut offihe hand, plucked out ihe " eye, and tore out ihu tongue of other Statu, Kllioers sro voter under it provisions. , 4 IOM will ce under Uie first article declar- alion of rights that the peon system otilavery ' ; i fully recognised, whatever may be said m " die sod rest to the people to Uio ci.nl nrv. ' , 4 The way it woikt here I this: I knovv 3 sn able h ulied man, who, ttightcen years ago, -was hired by a rich man a pasturcr. On at couutiug for the sheep put in hi charge, he , remrned the proper nuuilio; but iu the nnxtur of Hocks on th inouutaius, a few had been ' exclianged tor other alleged lo be of less vid- ' ue, He wa taken beforo art alcal.ide, whit ; atcssed daitiagce of ten dollars against him, for which ha became peon; ami now he lias faiihftillv served hi master for eighircn years, ' and find his dM to run up to fifty dollars. ' s : " .': , Union: Mr. iV bttet on tht President' i Death.- : The following i the beautiful exordium of ' Uie noble peeeh delivered by Mr.' Webster hi the 8onate on Wednolay lau ' ; .'f Mr. President, it wit my purpose, on 1 ue. 1 day of last week, to have followed tlie hot. t nrable member from South Carolina. (Mr. Butler,) who was addressing the Senate on the morn jiij of thai day, with what I then had and now have to say on the subject of this bill. But before the honorable member had concluded hi own remarks, it wa an- '" nouncad here that iho late Chief Magistrate of . the U,. Suites was to dangerously ill that the Senate wa moved to adjourn. 1 he Scn ito adjourned, and the solemn event of ihe decease . ol lite. kna. C.hiejf Jlagiairate wa announced tne nexi morning, r T' , . , .. ., Sir, them are various rdleeliotis wlncll can- , not but present themselves to .the minds of men gniwing out of that nceurrenee. Tha Chiet djagiatrate of a great republic died and- . deuly. Recently plccteJ lo the office by ihe ( ipoulaBt ous voice of the people, possessing in : a high d 'grce- their confidence, and. regard, " re yet hij had had a fair Opiiorluiliiy'v to 4c velop Uie priuciplusoi his cuiiadiiiiiiistr ition, be fell by ihe troke of death. And yel, sir, , mixed wiih the and thought tli it this 01 em ugge sled, and die melancholy fcclitigs wliielt spread oer Uie whole country, the re d 1-jvei and admirer of our eoustitiitiun and Guieiii- meiil. iu the midst of their grief and atiiictioii for this lw,i. found eoineth ri gtatil'y ing lo ilicir, rellecliuns.. Thp executive head of great nation had fallen suddenly. No distur bance arose; no (hock was U l in great ajl -.if -J . ... . I rr-r-.'.-7,:-j''i :trJ?,it',;,-iS;:-SJf:;'-:v-.
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 31, 1850, edition 1
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