Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / March 12, 1851, edition 1 / Page 1
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I ' . "fftMtJ.tElH.MHw'. MIRTH ClB!'LIVl "Parrful la tuttllfrtu.l, moral tni phyriral tewnrri, the knJ ( our lift. tnJ tou: f 'ir affrctioas.' k faille Fiintti. vol: XLIL. AVEDNESDAY MORNING, MAllCH 12, 1851. NO. 3 AGRICULTtRAIV wnTntrnwrif & culitv atton of' ."" l,,ere W1" be "biu nJ poims tVi'sA IS THE UNITED ST.TES' 'i'0"' " irenKth thereby vitiated. , But " ..iA J we must da tlw work by machinery. ; Sonic TtKo or TIM -;bhjIpti Them was n iV'n,t'n?,mrctin) of (lie Farmer' CI"K."f1" American Institute, on Tuesday Wffli V T. Underbill, of Croton Pfnt, in'lhe Cl.tur ; Henry Meigs Secretary. irilWCtuinr.U" announced that flax was the nxehisive subject for discussion, and proceed ed lh remark that ihe form of the fibre of flax 'is round, "while tint of cotton is flat. Three 'facts aV shown by high magnifying powers. Fla. when finely prepared, feels much like i H . ami makes a splendid and delightful cloth. ' a great conductor of heat, atisceitible ot .nc finest and fastest dyes, of superior dura bility, ami suitable to the largest portions of the lobe the warm and the temperate re gions. We must apply our genius to the iirttion of rendering il aa cheap aa eotinn, lor it will grow in vast regions where cotton liannot, anil if wr do not hasten,' the world .will auon be before ' u in garment of fine "linen. It would be a great triumph fur us. if e can set the wotjd the example of supply 1 1 ill mankind, by machinery, with il, na cheap a eolum. A val new field n( industry wilt he opened fof ua,- and our rapidly growing population mfttire it. and all new avenues for prosperous progress. The (lax fibre, combined with eotlon, wool, or with silkiacrcase. greatly iheiriluralMlity and strength. Formerly we raised large on-inline of flaxseed for export. Now, so low in the nrice. our farmers irire un raisin? u.; bu, - the pi ice- Tir-rhmifTi'o'wT'Tr w'TTieTou r appraacllihg matthuod, what a trcmeiidoiia , iiir: . I I : I i more extensively ctiiuvaieu, - we roust use. both the stalk and need, if we can. It is said thai the fibre is more il'-lieats if the flax be .pulled before the seed bt matured.. , I'r sident Tallmadge' remarked that this iihjcct is one which ms assumed jiecnnar 1 1 v"i - .V: .....;,;,..;.. -.,.t TT..VV !. i1t it'n 'mf n Tnii- irl. upon it. A a flax "noirffespntwelfa( proV ..lilv rapaMe or being manufactured by nu f:. hinf rv. like cotton, an a to heenmi cheap ud common, like that, and as linen spinning mill weaving mill are in expectation, as pat s' nts already appear in England, to Claossen i.nd to Donnatd, f r such machinery, we must mow try our slretHth. Flit ttt a' lioate do rtri it if lawful to learn from our rivals. It a'.amU in ill hand to look about us, instead of i.ernjivinjf our lime -with -politic ami wHIrf seeking. We look out for the far-searchtnt mvalry of .Enclan'U.jpen...ia.all..parui,ot.lli.r i-.-irdi, wim Iut experimental fartm. s4-king :iir cniion growing climates and xoils, and eA-t itv "ihcCraw m.'rtcrial to which she can ap iilv ln r iiii'rhaniKin, anil heail the world hv it. Ill i triK-, that as yet we grow cotton bolter !hrr nbnoHt any portion of the glihf,.W;. Im n't'it two tliirdj of all onr land whieb an virhl cotton ; hut flax is eonifenial to nil ilie 'c.itilizH'l world, reaching lar north and far foulh. Flax may toon beeomn a competitor wilh, r "iiperior to, cotton. I wish to awa- Vcii ipy country frtiirt j;s hnbritv on llu ubj j''Cl. Let Hie l ismutn commence ny award-tiig-snitahri-jirHiiiiuiHe Ihi II faH',wn1ieW'ir' anil (n !he. (ntcaL .tiaterjiineiil- lo.-Uke.ihe Pinter u ti and cxcile lo i-ninmli ale nctioo. Trance, in tbe days of Napoleon's prosperity,, offered a premium of one million ( francs (or (lie spinning of flax by machinery like that if cuton. Tht flax-rover has two objects ne is the fibre, and the nthtMMh?, sccd jaEoM rs-inj tne sceil, lollow tbe nooks: ploiiili deep, in rich and well manured soils; sow ; thin, in order Jbat lha -flax roav- braneh imt : well and yield much and good seed. If you ! plsnt for the fibre, a less rich soil sown thick I lv, gives a single stem slender and of s finer lahric. Some Say thai if you go for a-,crojj ol sreu, yon may aa wen give up an nnpeoi the fibre. Some men, as old as I am. will ' recollect the grout quantity of fliiXj seed for nierlv. exported, while now I See, by las! I year's report, the United Slates exported 1 only about four thousand dollars . worth. t In 1850, our exports had already 'fallen" I below a million' of budiols., -When - fl ix J i, -grown, then comes thf) hard-and costly ! labor of pulling it by hand. That will no ' longer answer lor jus t it is not fit for our peo- pie. I will not permit, if I Viui help it, art American citizen to toil for Chinese wages of j eewtt day, or any of the low pauper wages ; of ouWr countries i but . if we can apply ge- i n iu i lathe work give almost life to engines . i full, sum, and weave the flax with machine power, at ihe low price of eotlon, I am for it. i with an my heart and all my zeal. , i me unatrinaa said. 1 am laU tliatlUx has ; alreajy bean reaped like wheat' ; V fresident -Tallmadge continued In the 1 sowing of flax teed, we have, in one impor tant point, been ahead of Europe that is, in our mode of rolling il. In the best methods of rolling, separating the fibre, iic, we have not aade a beginning steeHiig in hot water salt, in cold water, tlagnaul unwholesome wa ter, dew rotting 4.C.. I mer.dy wish to call publie notice to all this, to stimulate inquiry li for England, at this moment, hnasta of havingl latenteii better methods, which perform tbe-j work of weeks, or months, in a lew hours, 1 do not yet believe that this hat been accoin plished but I am persuaded that she desires to forestall ur inventions, and make us think it nrmeeesaary for us to try to invent what the hast already discovered s and when we suc ceed, she will then cliim them as lien. I urge my countrymen to proceed with inven tions. About 20 years ago, Mr. Annuity liey, a respectable member of the New York bar, proclaimed an invention of magnitude, to slispente with the rotting by crackling flax dry, to obtain ihe pure fibre. ' He was, to far, entirely successful ; bat after cloth was made of it, of teeming purity and excellence, the coth being plaoed tu closet, turned irf" a" dark color, and tt was found rotting tod ruin ed. Here wat mysterious aeelous fermen tation, fcitbertd unsuspected by Mr. Uey v. Ida which would Jusa beea taken oi by llie I rZ Z r r' V"!"! M&cF biw.jv this failure, from ibis cause, wat about Iwemy thousand dollars. Chcm- Htry It lo be called upon in thia work J let her now tlep fin-ward to aid ia thia vast move menu or be ejected, from the teed, we ktre tbe oil rake which we tend lo England la fat tea cattle there. It ia good for that ; hut w hen tried upon tows, iif enVrt of ih oif on tha snilk H aa il lamp oil had been spilled In the milk neil. This effect it ncrceived when iha "cow has eaten the oil cake two dayt. Our imports oi nnea, in tetu, exceeded eight mu ' lions of dollars. Ia order lo lull at into oniet. -England eaye (lie has mixed flax with eotlon smeceeefiilly, by yutiing the fibre of tht former 1 10 short lengths ; but I must believe thai when 4bat poundmr the flax rwideM it finer xitit Softer, and more fit for spinning. ; Suffice it to say, iheloiig flax fibre has required human lingers. 10 spin it. V have lately: seen wonderful machine Hoe's printing prrss delivering, in one hoar, w'uh" speed almost beyond observance, twenty thousand eopiesuf a newspaper per hour, using iia nerves and fingers witTi superhuman accuracy, as Well as velocity. Ucre is evidence of what can he done by machinery, Who shall doubt the power, of American genius to itment equal powers for other ptirpjxc t Should w sue ceed in spinning and weaving fl x as we now do cotloiii we may have even Efypi aud the world at our feet, AVithin; '.my. mtm iry. our flax teed was of such a character at to induce England lb come here for Ihe most she re quired, even in Iter dear Ireland, for growing her tlax, because, also, her own seed would not answer." She went also to Riga for seed. By her conduct towards '.a at an early day, she put us iuto the school of adversity, and it turned out to be the- best olpfe,for alt other purposes she eolld have sent us to.. Her re stricliuns agaiuvi our Commerce andour inilns- Try taught as ihf hrrtfwnbeflv; secution ar.d lite fires or Sinithheld which learned us the wisdom and the value of lole- rilum- If we had been cherished by her Uke rUih men's tons we -should havp roved the usu.l fate of men too tenderly dealt with. It was well for us to have been educated in consuiuiion we nave received w n it a posi tion among the powerful nations we have al ready obtained. France has been t"nie 1.5(H) years in arriving at her position in the civiliz ed world, and Britain about ten or twelve hundrml (d years .in iniiiuitfJte.jJttM the. li inteiLSiates, fresh from- the seiiool of adveriiity, h is,iii Viritt ' scveiify years, gamsd her pl.ico amoig tli ninons of the earth, The .flax pi mi civ.'a a certain parasit-i (I, don't moan a politic il o'jo) a chance to Tliinb his tiiv which the-parasite- always avails himself of. 'I mnn the slenlVr wd call ed the flax dodd, whi-h enrrafls its 'If in the stem, and in ires both fibre and teed. This was in thn flax of Kiga, Holland, Sir., while we had it not. Our seed was, there fofSi "BSf r so" fliaf aiiy tjiiaiiliiyTof tf wlllcli tit then carried to England was welcom ;, whicli has since bcn countervailed, d tLui trade is ffoiie. - McL'ulloch, in 1838, said t tat England spun a flax-tlircad out of one pound of the fibre, to thi lciig h ol 11,170 yards, while in 1814 it h id been spun hut 3,3 JO rants. Tha finer thread goes' toBrusse s and Paris lo. maka laea and hWwrnrk.- In like msnuer, iron,- when nnanufaelurcif into spri'igs f w wateliet, yields a value of $250, OHO. from one pound of iron, worth tn cen's. Such arc lbs iuimcas jrahta advantages of skill and workmanship over an I above the humble - ,aw.HiatfHd, .. It iauf busioa to supulttrri her in all thia work here atjiomn. To pro tect her Tabar sne tejorted to cruel punish mHts,-i-r".W-t Bret tb export nf- nv riw nn eri.il allien cootu tie mano mo e ratn abie bv the art or industry of her own peo ple. For the Sxport of a fleece of wool, her statutes ordered the victim of this policy to imprisonment or the pillory for the first nf- ienet to lose tn rtgm nantl lor the. second ; and tn the gallons for a third, I hope and trust thai it never will be our lot to imitate her in such enactments.- Besidetan app sal to ihe power of cheinistr in relation lo flax, we call for powerful and thorough- microscopic exami aalion, It-is s.ud that Ihe stems are cajKCtel with luiuute. KaleaTwlhal.die fibre is formed of separate j parts, about as Ions aj Ihe fibre of cotton, lapped one on another ; and tt is believed that these may he senaja ed, to that then lhey .can lm perfectly woll snun by. .nor present cotton, mills. Let all his be scan-lied ouUe If success should re Ward our labor, then shall we he in possession of a fabric worth a 'thousand tunes more than silk. Vim? beatiiiful,' strong and stinoih dress for all mMikiuJ. al tha low price of cot tiMir goods, s-hjidu must .then .lake, a second tank, mid thereby, widv a mapht univers-tUn its production, render its jndepentlant in all Cin-uinstances. . In the cultivation . of flax, weeds have buen found to grow tip with it iu tome regions, ibus requiring the'plantcr to go upon hit knee to woed them out, or spoil his crop of flax.' We must provjde ag:rinst so great an ev3 siWe must have no kncvhpg ex cept to the Creator ol nil thing. , Iu our liiiitl we have never seen weeding done in thellax field. Our beautiful sunshine days are all on Ihe side of our farmer, f England would (five us a pa:ent for only'; alight of one of them I mean that we shall hriug flax iqto the mar ket of the world pure, free from mineral stains. aud in a style of rrowih and ultimate manu facture, which will place oor eountry at the head tn this matter. , as she may toon be in others.: And iMs-dnot omit say ing that our colleges mast now apply "-their science their chemistry lo this great work, or withdraw their prcieinir.ii to useful learning ; afjd we of the Institute must not only exert all our powers, but if need be, pray to Hercules for help 1 that is, in apply to the government of thia State, end that of the United Stales, for theii co-operation and aid, J -" " The result maintained by the speaker wat, that flax it congenial lo every acre ,.f our ex tended country. . ' , "' " lit Ptouuctim for eccd, oil, ke.t tr fibre, fabrics, &c. v. . PrtpaTut:oH--l!otting.lt. by sleeping in hot wster; 2d, by sleeping in cold brook water? 3d, by steeping in pool,, stagnant wa ter 4 4d, by -dew emmg r 8th, by rhcmiral prneess, new method, not yet established. ' Manufacture To crackle, to dress by ma chinery l to spin by machine labor ; lo weave by machine labor. he spinning and weaving to oe oy ma- chinery iquivalent to the manufafture of cot Inrf.' President Tallmadge then moved the fol lowing leeolulioa 1 ,. ' RftnlrrA, That tbe PsisMnr Cbsb iwsawW and. desir the Anerieaa instituU U prurido tai offer a Krcmium to bs swsrded discrrtnnarr, in whols or part, for tbs Inatsrlal, Bow essential advsnees and iaverevawsntsia lbs ooltios, prcparttioa, spiaw BUifud wsav'i I of tax t$ Isbar-simituj vtcbiusry. Judfs Vta .Wyek eaidt In lha olden lime w sd Uulliala flax, fo it was essential lo our hmischald industry t ail well ordered farms had then as much flax grown at tup plied the needed thread and linen for the fam ily, and soon it was found that ohr flax need trae so rood at to be in laree demand for ex- portatinni and now, notwithstanding t!ie pre vail' nee of cotton fabrics, we all continue to i admire its beamy, durability, and capacity t receive and hold fast all uvea. In tins, and mitranrX'tfierwpects. H itunpt-rmr lu ciit- ton. mid also evi-n to silk. I trust mat cur Yankee imri'ivuiiy will make it, and nuke it cheap; and I hope that American tea will al so soon appear. V- i-' - K. I,. IVII, of rellham,' moved that thk atib- jeet.of flax, be continued. Carried. ', - 't v!; Mr. bllsworth, late Uommissioner m Pat ents. hile 1 am working on my little iwo thousand acre farm in the West, I often think of veur.-.American. Institute. wi:h feelings of pleasure in its useful labor. - I ant only able lit say a few,.word on the su'ijei-i before you, for I am on my way homi; uaA bam lints few minutes to' spare. Uut, sir, I have the evidence here iu my pott er, that we cart .sup ply flax cheaper than cotton. I have fried it ou our prair es. We make first a lenre a- round the field we d j lit for 9110 per mile. and su durable a fe:ice, as vet, h is not been made elsewhere. WeTuit Iwo deep furrows to put the bailout of our posts iti ; "thfe post incline to each olh'r at an :nigle. We place side rails oitons ide of these angular pi is t we turn thi fnrspws bk "apaln on ll; ioe( of ine posts, vve place our com stalks, when Ii'wpef:7TtiaTlri1ie'ci,Sp;"IB:t'iillijs Hg'llllni TficSe IWej; and lima X shelter, is lurmou for our stork. We plough 'with a beam uini feel tuna, suo- ported in Inmi by two wheels. We haie no weeds the first yearraiid flax "siibilues theni afterwards. We iret ten lo fifteen bushels of flax seed per acre. . W'u mow it with a horse power macliins. tv sow a new wtm hsrlcy and flax in' equal parts. Barley grows tall- est both ripen at the tamo tinu-. We scpa- j rate Ihe seeds bv sieves which let one kind ; kind ; pass and stop the other. It .will not bo long j More the travel from us to you, will enable!1'1 pemnnaut wealth ol tbe country, or Irom ( us to briii you our oxen in four da vs; and I 'hose taxes imposed lo restrain the vices ol the &e. We will give you iitost excellent food, I fibiTver'y rfieap, too. Ime tei specimens "c senator unless tie was llie owuur in lee ol plauita against w,,!" neteuitr been none ol fibre mini China grass, w hich is like (loss fif'X acres of land, contained in the Consii'.u- by our l.eirislatiire. -Nor are we lo hu re silk. Kellogg, of Sjvi II impshiri1, is pre-! 'wn of 1776, was still retained.' To this clause j carded as taking -ground against the proper piring flax fr eotlon 'mills to spin this vear. our Constitution public atU-nlioii has bueti j protection jf- prowrty. We should bo pain- W Uinir th chv col-r and Inrnbility of lhess jpicimens iicliiri! us. .The totting of flax is to he perfect anil rapid. We make good paper oui of rye straw. Our land can now be bought next lo mine fur sixty-eight I cents per acre ! I had a hoe once lor mixing mnMnr thefti.-'l hid ho otlnjr nse fin- ttj.wml now 1 have none, for it has lisen s-.olen. As for the flax we. are atdiged jut iluraw. that.away. asyet, all we keep hemj the seed. " Mr. Abraham , Levy, of the InstitutCj brought Iroui M.mtrcat and p.esented to lh Institute by the llouoralda Mo.es J. Hayes, President of tin Agricultural Society, applrt from hit Metcalf farm i seeds iif a Canadian pnmpkrnT wtl teir weighed-1 w d "h u ml red and seventy eight - pounds ; black barley from seeds from Abyssinia ; and a specimen of wa ter 'proof cloth of Montreal, called mnnut coriuia, or leather cloth. J .Messes, 4 'rane A- Hrce; of San i Tinciscn; California, presented a potato Jjsiro the iarui. of Mr Fuller, of Orajnu, weighing three anil j pound. Il mwneiisea a thn 'lesgtat ei ; enmfewwB-1 rwiriwwwv-ib-s,w.t e liaU' ywltidssH.Uws hii gii'tca l))CUiaiiil lucctIy.UleaJ .Dp,) on m of a reddish brown c dor, ia in sound coin! lion, and is said to be excellent, and it is said that it is common to fin I potatoes there and in California,, of similar m i;nituilo4,' ; The ttays apples were Uisted by flie cfiib, and adjudged very good. Tho seedl were distributed among the members. The subjecl of flax and also the large polatoe were order ed to he on the bible, until the uext iucl'I.ii;' of the Club. After voting thanks 'to several gentleman. .ihsXMlfihctiadjoMoed. AN A0I)KESS--T NJ To tbe Pcopls of Sortli Carolina, on the suhject f CuDstllatloiml lliilonn. ltvLaiiiU, Jan. 1st. IH'il. A MKETISO compos 1 priocipaliv of Western Members of th Li'ni-lsture w held in His Cupi tot, a ttioeveniog of 1st January butant, to tsks ints eniMiileratioa tli vsri ,u proj usiliuus to s aienj tlis i'iiituti'm. . I la notion of Mr. Itrnnm, of UntherfimL Oeoi-(c t. Diri.ls.m, bs.i. f lii'ihll. Sj.is calM to llioeUnir; nd A HrsWwelb of Kirirf A;i: Faster, of Uasblson, appointed rteoretartsa. .''. Da motioa, it was lluoletd, Tiiat tbe only proper Eepuhiirsa modsnf siuruding or sllering liis dai stitutionls by tlis l'eopls themselves in t uuTcnliun asseiubled. , . - - Ua motion of Mr. Krwin. of HuacomM, it was Itttolvtd, Tbsl a committee of tea bn appointed to nreptira aa Address to the people of North Csro in; and lh.it said committee submit it to na ailioamcd woctihx to Iw esllvil br tl.o t'Uairuisn. B.vr OHAaasa, jn. .s,th. iji. Tb sjournei tncjetiuit asscmWed In t!i Senate Chamber; wlisa.Mr. Itynumfrum tlieOomiiiiiteesp pointod o prepare tho Address, repiirtod tin sums. vlncu was roso, aoopvcu. anaomoreo 10 orornneij, l.KU nun I vwi, n'vifiwi, tttai-t wsv.sj.vsw.nr-.--. On motion of Mr. iluiclita. ..f ( hathsm. KnnhtH, That tb insmliera of this Bteetiux finl lln-iuse'.ies bound to use sit honorable neaus to prosiotc the ob ject of Ibis AudrcBS. On motion of Mr Os'dsrcll, of Ouiltird, Rtioteetl, That all newspapers Irieadly to tbe call of n opu Cenrentloa srs reqawted to pul,li this Ad lrs, ami use sll bonorabls moans to tfoct lie oljeet in vie. "' - 0K0R08 F. DAflDUOX. Ck'm. AlK-ri- ADDBBS9. A MEETING eorvposcd principally of Weslern Atemliers of t'ie Legislature, without dittinctioo of I'artv. arat held in the Capitol on the F.vcninf of lit 1st of January instant, lo consider what nasures were nceessaiy to be adopted lo secure to tht Ptoph. lit North Carolina the HkIi.' lo amend their Ule Con stitution so fully to answer the great ends for which it wit originally eaisblished; aud to Mafaialn fhstcqnalHy of pirBta., wliictl Jiet at Ihe foundatUn of all free end popular (rotcro mcnts, :. ',.' J"..;. ... .. It is remarkable feature in Ihe history of our 8laU.ihaithe Free People of the Stale ne. er has had a voice in the formation of thai in- stniment uy wnicu amna ne-ir lives, in-.-ir ior- . ... l -,. 'I .t...- . MmevMiA. ikmf&mA pntociei&kt tWiawjisJriri TJt first Cnnstiiution was birmed at IfalilaX, ISth Deccmlier, 1778, immediately , after we nad .' llimwn of ihe llrili.-li .yoke, ! w lien our ancestors were not fully alive lothe inter ests of the people but still retained a rever ence for British usages, wberp properly was always more respected, and had morn polificM weighrflian the rigtitt nf the "piciipte;- The Delegates to that Convention, in consequence of ibal -natural rh-Crwriep to theii- incicnt'CtiS loms, were elected only by I'ri-eholdest and Householders; tnd that Convention made the Constitution io formed, the Organic Law of the Bute. The people who formed neither of these classes, and who eonetituted a, much larger mass, of the population of ihe State, liad J jnd little ones to ttmggle on jn poverty nml no vince in the election nf Oelegatea; and lli I indigence; whilclh!e te.n stay t" home; en Constiiution was not submitted to tht in for" joy their weulUi; and boast of the honor and their approval or ivjeetioo. J nlorv of iheir country. jJiabiteri-jJhefxcfe At Ilia Utua this l.onsiitutioit was firmed I all ihe Counties in the State, except ekht, lay Etst of K ilt-iuli, which baa been renardcd as tile dividing line bet ween the Eastern am. Wtsu;m portions of the State, By its provi sions, eaCh County without regard ioits wealth or imputation, Wat eutided lo ead oneNeuu tor and lv, o members to the tlousa l Com mons; and the Towns, of Wiluiingtou. iw- hern, and Halifax, lo u hie.li was added, in 1788, Fayetterilte, in the East; aud HilUboro' , aud Sulisbury, in tite WfSlS ewIl one ui"iiiln;r in the House of Corssnons. I'lider .this t'oa s'.ituti.iu we It - eel, sulTeting gr.e ranees the liiemory of which lu uot yetlell us. constant, ly sirugaling to amend it, until 185, when the Letfislature, iu the lilenituds of iis nisrcv , granted lo the wople of till .Stste the pri li ege to tay wlit(n;r hey should anienU the Constitution in ioum few points.." The Dele gates to that Contention, wur re.uired to be sworn no to iranseend ihe 4ima -ptvscrtoed to them by tht- Le rislaturc, itself but the tcr, yaiit of tlie people v , ,: f . l he rt'BuH ol tlur.lahora was rii Constitu- tion under whi-h we now Tive; . llv it, the j'iinii'i!rtirir:'iftrlintt(r'Nenate"ii Tjjd'm fil'iy; and lit the llousa of I 'ominous, at one hundred anJ twenty." Each Counts' is Ctit tl.-d lo elsi't one member at leasi; and the re- iTtnaiiider are eUricd bv the Counties in tiro- portion to their Federal population: that is td all whites aro added tbruc out offlke sluvesii u mo sum toui cousmuies merauerai i'oj ederaTFots-i "I 'M"0 -In the 8e:iate, the Counties idwi Senators fa proportion to the .taxes paiil inlo the I I reusnry wtiltoutroifa "ublic I rensnry without roifard U ttinsoiin;o whence those taxes originated, whether I'roiit i - J proliUutny; any p .ft coiti vQ;ujg4.ma ..lmpfotuimeniiLvuior as. uiWhib y com- mreytetf lor M tasl twe- v-earsr atur its antt- t ucpuiuieau anu arovus-no,- CHitrae.ier severs-ty u.-iiuuin-tu as a reuinatil in the ieud.il liiir.w, when the pisipli were mk're serfs or servants of die Landholders. .;. In consequence uf this denunciation of one parlieidar fca'ure ol'our 4 loasutmionv publie-aiertf of iifo, hlieriyand property- The right of million has beeu dircirled lo its oth-.ir provi sions. Our JVojitit, in 1835, wlicn ailed up on lo doi.-iiln upon llie anieudiiiKiitsf aubmiited to them, only had to dc'c'tda between t!ie old and new; aiil they naturally" preferred ihe lat ter, a, it gave iu one liram li, more political weight to the mass of tha people of iht; Statu. If WtfS tlie (Wat inauiitc w hen thny -were for garded at all bv iheir own Slate Constitution, tteing iwitunilly lovers of peacu aiid order, nml always obcilienl to the laws of lbs land, thry rjisjd no clamors cgainst them, until miicv were called upon lo look into their charter of Liberty, m4 see tlial it contained onu -ft oiure jyJt'ltlPpiMfiiiMaii Wcpiiblieiin twltryr-rlir "lis opinion weall concur. ,li is tigiu and pniM'r llml fltr istaYlwrnpiyeweJ).xhowht war with llial sin red principle contained in the Declaration of independence, "thunill men are free aud equal," tn. exclude iroui ill is tallied privilege anv freeman because uf his not bef fiigS taridho?3civ'f '' "-" " ' -"-5iatE:"'"' Equally .opposed lo this primjnlo is the rule by which poi ideal power is nieasuri'd by the basis of representation in the Senate. T pi ice it in its most favorable light, the Senate represents property, and not persons money, ! not men matter, not mind. Hut Ini fldious .RK. dpa Botop Jo,,., lar with the suhjects of tixa'ion. nml. these taxes arc, represented noi you, the peop'c. All white inalca between, the sires of 'i and 45 are. subject to a poll tax; and all slaves, male and female, between llie uvea of Vi and 50 are subject lo the like lax; So that ihree liftlisof the negroet are represented in 'the Hours of Commons, and ull llie negroes, be tween the aires above designated, are represen ted in the Mcnalc;hul your wives and children hate no piditiejil rights. lVdlar.-', Jiiljhrd Tatfes,' T1owTiiig"AIIes, Circus Ridurs. Play ing Cards,' K. -tailors of Spiritous Lisnors. Il.okers, MerclninU, Watches, and Carriajri-s are all taxed. They have their Senators in llie State Igislaturer But "your wiies ntid your (laugh lers; yolirnld men who have serv ed lhr)ir country; your young men -who are rising up to be I s hope an I its ; and your oor men upon whom minlortune has laid i s I heavy hand; have no one there tn pie id Iheir ww aiid protect their riehts. , y? la ibis Frecdomf In this his I, 'her Republican eniialhvf 1 our bill of KigWtViyt "Thai ail poli'icsl i , i I - , . , jjpower is tested in and tlern ed from llie pmjtlr ohiij. i power in me cenaie oi JNor h t.aro lina denied from "tht pmilr onhV Let it not be said thai taxation and representation go hand in hand. That principle has no applica tion here. Jt is true that our snresUira fought the battles of ihe Uevnluiio.i upon tho princi ple that they were not lo be taxed by a body in which they were not'reprctcntcd.'lliil who reprcsenlcdf certainly the people lboss who paid the taxes not llie laxos themselves. Our sncestort never claimed that their properly should be represented. They claimed, and justly Ion, that Art should he icpresentcd. In llie Senate, property it represented, and hot is ptoph; and the tame principle which prompted our ancestors lo that glorious con test, slid sustained Iheui in it, which " ter minated in the achievement of our Liberties, should prompt us to warsgainst litis most odi ous anli-repulliran remnant of feudal aristoc racy by which the pwple are taxed by a bo- oy in wnicn iney are not rcprcsnuien, Apply the principle, and toe its injustice. Ten men iu any one county, own at much i property and pay aa much public tax aa five j hundred men in anollier country .They all t .,. - . . . r .' r, , jown me aame species oi propeny. i.aeo oi preservation of Ins little mile as either of Ihe ten. Larh one hat perhaps made It by tbe labor of his hands, by tha swest of hit tin w. It is all he has, by means of which to main tain and provide for his family. It is ihe de pendence of his rhtlilrcn for educauon lor sustenance. And yet, by the pres-nt svstein, tht -ten are equal to lite five bmidred. 4 rliis jusliccf Is liis Librrtyf I way. b,rek.B "Icf ci.il commotions arie- hose live arc j exposed for Ihe protection of thi property! n ho are aent lorth lo tight the oaiues ol your conotry! Tha five hundred go forth to fight the battles of your country; to vindicate its dom, situ equality of its citizens, i-ave u tnHU mien ireeilom save us irom tucii equal lly! It is no f.cJoiu it it no equality. It u downright tyranny tyranny in its most nji ons form. The fvw gtimli-'g into the dust 'he many, under the iron l-eel of power pow er' Miidr the H-etenre of being derived from "the people only." - . . Coder the oiwraiicn '4 this, piipr-iple, therr are some startling .fuel, t According lo the census ol 1810, and the apportionment of Senators m idc under the proviriona of the Conttiiution bv the L'iisliturs of 18 li, sev enteen Wn-iorn Senaiots represent n majori ty of the white inhabitants of North Carotins J At ihe upportioiimeut which wi t bo made in 1 852, a siill t;raier diserejianc.y will be fiittiidTi to exist, llie improvements which have heretofore been in ulu, and are atitl iu progress in ftorth Caiolma. lend to a great increaot of the Value of propertv and of the tuhjevtt u. taxation- tn I',atern ('sMlina. The V ilmiiii; lon liailroad. to whieli.tbe Siate hateonlribu icd so mueb, list addetl gieady bi the value of proil'TiV pf rvery desenpthrtt ncar it and the antmtnl of taxes ia pmporliimably indbat-l rii; TTio Baleiiflf and Uasloo Koad; Hie Cape Foer improve ticirs; , the appropriations u Neuse river; t. Tar liyerj to ilie Woldon Uailriiad; all have ihejwnie tetiik'ncVi. And the immense amount of money, therefore, ex pended heretofore in North Carolina, will have tha effect directly, under -the preaent ConstioitTim. for tbe next twenty Wart", aavcause ns in die Wes, where we hae a mry'onVy of ijie free white people ot the Mate, to have In the Senate only Tiuitrxr.N )ii:wiiKt while the mittritff'ft the white puoplo ill have ( iiirtv-skvkn Mr.iBtK! . , We do Mil desire to be undcrNloml aa op- ed to tse the lav f.ilnic In .oith t;nroltna wncn a aystcm oi ngranauisni wouio oe pro. rininmit when our iteopte would lie less oh- servant ol law t 1ms n-gardlul uf righl. Ilia true theory of Free (inrernmcut is the pro per protection til lit rii;ii in llie tiijoy- pmiieriy is a riirlil atlached to the person of s citizen, siul hois lo be protected in its enjoy- mem, i ai s are uu i uin j auu lie w no pos sesses a little in as deeply iiiturcttud in its cn joTiui-m as one possesion a greater share ; end-eqiiallv, my, mors oppose J lo the iiu- por.itiun of h ikIi t.ixt s. PjCtqiert b ut -4;t(;htt iiidefw-iidwilt of per sons, i on rim t'lj-e a no rights, nor orivile tfcs.nor imniuiiitict wlik'li uflcctif ahut. Il is mailer and cannot feel, nor enjoy rights; but, .in conseipnenco i of t- possctsion, you may gu-e its owner political power tnu prm U'gus..lL.ilteruypul.tM,'CL-citieu.. tutlui of hundreds equally entitled tn protection et the wiwwnnr ot propiiy, is not me Mimesaor nwnnr of Iffniibids T ts lilt enjoy ineiil ihr nisasnre cijioymenl by die quantity enjos-ed f m Siipposo you take from tbe rich man hia lhousnni(s it ia only A nil. If you lake from the poor his hundreds il in hit all too. Which w'-ll cling lo his all w.ilh the morij perilnacity T-"t1iHdi""wiirturroirud it with more guards ; use it more, sparingly and more carefully provide that it shall not be consumed by profuse and lavish expenditures of Uov eminent : It is notorious thai ll poor complain most of hih laxea, and ills natural iney anoiuu i n is naruer lor mem to each more, although the amount taken sway is less ; and every poor man hopes and ex pecta to improve his condition, and one day to become rich. Hence it is thai in Westctn North Carolina w-e are mnre iiterrstctt"lu ; the prcservstbiii of sluve pmperlv ; because, al though we may have fewer slave, we have more tltivt otcntrt t and, of course a greater number of person lo watch over any agres sions uiHin it. I h same is true ol land. IV hate more .Jaud . nwup.ra, and owner of eeerv other species ..(irvfrnperty. and fewer of thai class of person who have nothing to enjoy, and nothing to p.olucl or defend, but tiinr rights ol person. To connect logether'lhe people of the State in one common bond of interest, it it only necessary that they should possess tbe earns kind of propertv, and Jhnt" t-ixea should be direct and uniform, Indirect laxes are ecl- doin representatives of Ihe wealth of the com munity where they are eiille-led. The a mount of public revenue collected in ihe Ci ty of New York is no sure test of theyeahh of that City. And 111 mv of our laxn aru in- direct, and furnish no index of tho wealth of the CoHiiiiea in which llicy sre paid, It is idle, then, in say ton iriusl giv ,nvore political weight lo the rich titan1 the, poor the owner of thousands than in tho owner of hundreds. A thousand owners of any itarti- cular species of properly will afford il much mora rjftctuul protition llian one owner of tho saino amount and species, undei any form of government that Would be tolerated for a' moment in a free coiinti y If the West has lest capital ; fewer slaves; and land less valuable ( limy w ilt gjirJ their Utile more carefully than the Cist; and, in guarding their own, they will gaurd and pro tect that of Iheir nastarn bretaren. v e are one people ; and God grant that the lime ot ty come when we may feel dial we are not com mon enemies, but that our interests are the same. he ntnijgle hat has heretofore ex "hird has not resulted in the public good. many oi our citunjjirariaiiyj?iip9?jaLlo. the election ot Judge by the Ieg;lattire, as it required by Ihe ComliiuH-iu. ' It cannot be disguised that our awn Leritlalure baa, )n many ilistahcua, been llie scene of intrigue entirely at war with our idea oi the purity of the bench; and ill which it was t.'mwn me iesi m unless tor ouice j out sim ply party services. L'-gitlalure are small bodiv t usually elcctetl upon political party -rounds, and they foci hound, in the election of alt officer, lo serve iheir party I and thai. ion ireqenuy at the sacntioe, ot the best inter ests of the peofMe - f 'iiwder these irctmittance,. msny believe lorie of thi jiower,' The rippominity and and facility (iir crrruption and intrigue would not XUt; and Ihe insooIc, in teting, would hoi be influenced bv lha fetr tif denunciation or punishment of party men. The system has found to one rate so well that It is much to he doubled whether it will no:, iu time, be a- dopted in all fWw. oflic for a limited period. There is no otb er olfieer known to our lawt, but ho is lim ited lo a short period, after which liis powc is laid down at llie fool of those from whom he received il ; and iu determining whether ihey w ill again place him m power, they pass iijion the manner in which hit duiiet have heen diM'Iiargcd, Many of these officers are of the liit'lit st character and importance, and , rqually requiting iu ihe incumbent purity and j integrity ol character, ."No evils have result- ol the memUcrsol the House voting for it. -ed from iviug the election of these ollieers to Its frietiils set to work to revive it. It wat the people; 'and Cerlauily no corruption ol reconsidered, accordingto a rule of tbe House I the people, nor of the ollicer, hat been the j and bv the use of those means an readily pre . .. ....I !. ". .. . i . . . : I . .. . , , ' . runsvquciicp, ftnu ii certainly is not a ques tion ol much dimculty w hetht-r we ahouU be cursed with a bad Judjje durinf hit life, if, in despite of nil pre-autions, one aliould un-1 lorlu.iilclj be elected. . In no other instance is. such a curse inflicted. Can uny. other be ; greater f The present mode of nppmmmg Justice nf the Peace t mm ers illy admitted to be woisu than faroe. A srrkiin evening is set anarl for th PUrposo4'und llie members from tf diflbreut counties hand in the nai(cs of those they desire appointed ; and they are I read at Ihe t lerk l.ihle, Aobody-hcars the names, or carts lo hear theui. Il is mjdi'r- stoo lo be lbs teason for tiwtt. nndn nnct of those customs nf our legislature long known and recognised and Jtever eparedl!.u!r'gue waa runiiiugly contrived by which it frnm.They...a,ni' loMiil'aidftriiiil hy jtietWM llaaUy-ast'it . liimugh' BhaT"pstily?Sttt" mciiiilvers of the Lccislature' for the influence ' fri?nda in the Housa of Common a(T.ted to which each can exetl at home in tome parti, cu1ar,ni:ighbnrhootl. And it ia well known that many of those appointed are wholly un fit for ihe propor ,peiformnnce of the dntiet rniruslcd to lliem. And enlne of thosn du ties are of the liiidi -st iiutHirtan.ee U) tltetr ac, eriircotintics. llicy cuiov iu e xerciaii tlib" power til tat Ihe people ; ihey impose taxes much mors hesiy ihan those imposed bv tbe Legislature. I hev , TeSubitfi roads, build hi iilges, court lioucs and jails j regulate ihe patrol ; .and govern the whole police of their several counties ; oesioes exercising original jtirisdiclion ill hl ease of debt under tldO.j and actions rin ticcounts iintk'r tridO t besiilns presiding in County Courts, where busities of the highest Importance lo the intcrcs'f of j sll is transacted. They have exclusive, jnr isdielioii nf illejirotiate of willa ; of gramiug letters of ndmiiiistiation ; ihey appoint guar diansi and control the aetilemenl of their ec coiintsaiid of "ihe'seltlemeiil of nil esitiw. Tliore are many oilier important duties lhey perform they are in fact, the great conserva tors of ihe peace of toctetv, and upon llie proper ami efficient performance o jljuii du-Loo' tie depends, iu a great men sure, llie social order, morality. p?aee and prosperity of eve ry community, Buryly, men ttpou whose qualification fur office, aud proper conduct, so much depends, should ! sclcelt-d withgryai care. . I here is no niiiciulinu.nl to ihe Con4t. sUwiioii-niorc. imp stildic good than tlii. If thev tax the iv-oTdV." "usliLM!L!Jc.4)cupJctttcl!ct4Mi I Tht is a question for them to decide whuii iu .Con. vention asscnihlcd, ' : ,.. ... Il is made a question, too, by many, wheth er the election of Secrel-iry of Slate, Comp troller and Treasurer, ought po to be civen to the people ;.aud all oilu-r uGueere now 4sh. led by tho l.egulaiure, of a' general charac ter, when their duties connect thciii with the hole Slate, ..'..' ' It has been proposed, loo, to provide for llie election of a Lieutenant Governoi to pre side in Ihe Nenate, and who shall nssumc ihr olDce of Chief Magistrate of Ihe Hialo upu a.i.'-.t.j.it.'ir'.t-.t i ,. ' - me uKdui ,u urn uicumncir, ; e an remem ber the long struggle to ehi a presiding nfli cer in the isenatn, six years ago, and iTgain Iwo year ago, when llie' body was equally di vided. A Lieutenant Cuvernor. would have removed ibnt diificulty, : ' Tim lliihsi of Ihe Senate require that the Presiding Ollicer of ihat body shall not tote upon questions pending before it, except in case of a tie, and when hia rote may make a lie. And he i not permitted In speak, esecpl when the i House 4fe-Cimmtttm of the Whole, One Kcnatorial District it therefore" necessarily aimost wholly disfranchised, The impnipriety of (his ti,ve of thinge will readily occur to all, Many niher" rmnpUint. exist against tli present Constiiution. Many other iinpi-nte-ments could he pointed out, niory consistent with the progress cf the sgc. Tb scieneti rif , gornniineni tt progressive as every other seienen, , The. people improve ; iheir means nf knowledge jncsrase l theircircinnstaitcet change I . their relations towards one another, and towards eiiixens of their titter Hl ite are id Mm!..-' Our sister 8uthe everywhere around us are liking adrsritaga nf this a ice of improve mnl io improve their form of government, adopted hen the Hahls of the people were comparatively little known, t our oonsiilu tion -alone lo receive no improvement from Ihe spirit llmt is 'abroid -Is frrth Carolina a lone vi sta id aidl I Is she alone to Continue bound in those -shackles which have kept her limbs so long fettered in bands of steel f Or shall she arise; like a ilfong man in hit mlghl, snd demand thai she shall be free ? To you the appeal it md What will you do r : " ..: ir ,f ;' .- We disclaim all desire W dictate jo ynu, or' even to auggeal the alteration w hich should htmtdo in llie Cnnstiiution. Il is tut a prt of our Lgislatlvt duly. We Jiare merely directed your attention lo those defects which exist In it. It is your province, whin in Con vtntinn assembled, to correct these defects, sn I fn the manner which you may conceive wdl besi sjihsarva tlie geeal purposes fur whtehftTyerrr- menis were instituicd. The position which we assume' and which has governed our course in our action upon the various propo sition! in amend the Constitution, which have been before ihe Legislature, is --. Thai tht on'ti nrourr Rrpuhlimii ptoflf efl tht Ptoplt thrmirktt in Cuttntion Lpon thai Pi.aTroan wt will stand and. if we fall, it will be m doealing THE UKJHTti OF THE l'KOPLE. 4 " , , If yon ianclioh the prinHjde that the 1 islalure is' to amend Ihe Conslittilion, that tt it lo be the foot-ball of every demagoui U-ho,dsjWi!..4 lie mingled with the corrupting inllurtitv-s of party-ir ft it to be mixed tip with the btHii net nf legislation, and to be fiiflue ncedwy the bartering prows to freely resorted to news-days, determining the fate of a measure j It is prostrate in the dust, to he trampled upon ' ,by thifee who understand not lit urotisions. and cure not for its protection. It becomee T, die sporT TCT tirtv of those wholly incopatilc of the task assumed to thrm.-elvet. This hat been fully proved by the progress of Free Suffrage" through the present General Assembly. " v. - Early in llie session, I Bill w Introduced hro the Housa of ConiutoiiS in amend the Constiiution so as to allow nnn-freeholdeis to vote for members of the Senate. It was die- cussed al gmi length in thai body and a vouj was token, end it was fjrcrtJ, ttre tifthe. scnted ma uirislatiie bodv. h-ivitier fowerla bestow ollir'e end rewards. AVherilhe llousa. . wasj;ain called upon to vote, evervlhinc wat ' amini'i - ik and it uunwd and wat sent to tha Senate. And when that body came lo examine i"i 'bis ttvlibrratr, wtll renstJrrt.! act of the House of Commons, to chance the fuudaiuen- lal law ot the Slate, tl turned out -hat tt Suffrage indeed' for it gaie to nil freemen over 1 1 vear. of age the right lo vote f.ir rkm V ators, whether ihey were black or white, ami t whether they! hali faaid fcx, or ()otj lowed, in ihe oniniou of many, irutvri It.. ml fit regmet tn vote for nii-niliers of the Senate ! i The same si-etie was enacted o:n aainin that bodr. -Theiiilt Was reipcred7Aifi'n its fi lends laxed their u iuto revite iljand tha regard it ai al an end ; and lo become indignant; aud a Dill waa introduced, aud prtuwed through, with hot haste, providing thai the people jluiuld hold an election and declare through the balot-box whether lhey desired a Conren Jsrnulort who were opposed ;o U-tting (Tie peo ple say whether they desireat a Convunlionor not. It had ill effect. Knmo Nenaun- wersj frightened at llie prospect that t'lepei.pte might meet in Convention and obtain their rights. They thsnged their sole, aud Freu Suffrage passtd. t pon t'i floor ol Ihe r-enate, some Senators avowed that thsy-wrere-oppoted t- il, that ihry thought it an infraction of tha ' compromises of the Constitution,1 but that they would vote for il lately to keef down a ('v.iyriitiotJ.O.licr. bmiauii avowed their . determinaiion to vote for a Convention, un less Free Oulfragn passed. Free Suffrage did " pass, and all ils friciids i:nitcd to. vote (juainst a lull w hich only asked the poor boon for the people that lhey might tell ihe Legislature, through the ballot-box, that they desired a Con vention to be rilled io take inlo consideration Uui grievances under which lhey labo',an4 redrew tlimn in the -manner-which thcy -alpn ' have the rijjhl lo determine.' The issue, then, has been fairly presented t Frt Siiffmstti Vr fret Convfniim, imr tlriclrdCif anything but tht I fill vf the ft- tion, W opposed tree Suffrage, nol b-"" cte we dinnjht theieople nngtit hiil 16 haVe"" "" it, but because we did not like tbe manner of gi.'liing iu We can never sanction Ihe propria! ty of ami'iidmunlt to the Constitution by j.eg- , isliiliv enacnnenlt, his true, the enntiiio . ' lion points out that at one of the ntodet eft I . 4nnf-lhe-iWnavrthrthri biTtfrlt"Wlting,' and ' " " "" nover can accomplish ihe object intended by tl. Lai ua see how li is to be carried into 'Jz offccu-.A bill J to be introduced into oua" " Legislature, proposing van alteration of lha ' Constitution, If it receives Ihe support of . thrce-lifht of both House of ihe Legislature, it isjo bf uldisdi Legislature may prescribo, for the informatioa . of ills peotdo audi then to be "submitted to the next legislature. 'I'hcy have. lo pas it ak'ain through both bodies by a vote of two thirds of both Houses) and u it then aubmiiv" . led to the people who may ratify or reject it, by voting directly upon it al ihe ballot-box. ..- Nw, it il not pcricclly obviou that, by -Ihi mode, the will of a majority nay, of two thirds of the people, may be defeated f W have alrnudy ahown tlial, after 1633, Thir teen Sensiora will reprt'scjil a mijority of ilia people of-North Carolina. :The! minority ia represented by Thirty-seven Sennlorn, any seventeen of whom may defeat the will pf the '' whole State. I there any principal mora thoroughly tetUed lhan that a majority of lha ' people have a right to form or reform their Constitution their fundamental law f All ' Coinitttitions, it it true, are designed In pne tetl the right nf minorities l it is the shield -which guard their rights against all encroach im n s; Bm tin t j thielda, these guard, must come in the first instance, from the majority. In no other way can "power bv derived from V he people only i' J'ree Suffrage ha, it is true, 1 passed the prenlj.eglslature but non but Freeholder yet vote lor Senators. ThU right ' -which you are tol.1 is an inalietmblti (wrsonal righUtnd which you ere degraded by no being permitted M ereis?tiri pot yet obtained; tnd. , .. '.! we venture lo-predicl you never willoblnin itbjr Legislative aciioi. It it deceptive, and intend- ' d lobe deceptive. Many persona who soled for it, avowed their determination in go home and electioneer against it. They voied for ll ' lo kdl a ConvctKiim, and enngraiulauio iheui scl et that tliey liad kilted both. - . But if yon do gut it, it will only be after four more year of agitation. And every oth er amendment is to be made with die samt d-fliculty. - A generation ma pt away, b- ' fore even one einendenl may be made 'to tha Constitution, though demanded by iwn-third nf the voter of your Ntste, and of tht aaotl vital importaoca to Iheir beat interest. v - . finppoc there, a re jiot twoililrd of both- - ; Tlouse ot' the nixi Qotierat Asiuinbly ia favor of Free Suffrage in what situa'ioa srdl yon he f The whole battle is to be fought over again. You begin where yon first aiaried.N. You will noi be at near the attainment of your wish a yon are now. Is tint an illustration of tliti tftatieeipl eoWained in Vie first aecltbu nf mir Bill bf Righls, That all politidd power is vti in and derived irom ihe people onl vT The Legislatnra is only the ci-ek-ure of tha )opiet and that mode nf amending theeen ttitution recognise die right of lhat creature la dole out to them such amendments a may suit their pleasure. It putt it in me power of seventeen Senators, representing one-fifikuf the mpiiUhn of the State, In hold down, un dr. ilm.moitrwifUug tyr.iiuvy aadpire!uJW llie other four-filli. and to taunt litem wiib. the insulting eryof Dorr R.heS'.'um. They tay ww have ihe pswer tn govarn yna w will exercise tksl powen aoi yua. hst Do meant of red res except byrebfl'joa. ' vr rijfl 9f "I Jra'ptoW lory Icivlnf their wt I beea tned in mo Siaictrjf the l?Bjoit,'"!lir nr amrethew fat b'tM'imndnir fm Cvmnnua ie'-ous v . j-. wrjMi:;. - - ' -,-. , ....... - -V- j , ;. " ; ' JU.U,,b. .J - ..." ----- , , ".' -
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 12, 1851, edition 1
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