Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / July 2, 1851, edition 1 / Page 1
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-t - .. HOITI CaOLI!(l"rtrfil ii lattllKtiil, mm iW Bkvfal WMftn, the lai. if tar ilm aid agnt t Mr afTetlloai." WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 2, 1851. VOL. XLII. NO. 27 V NORTH-CAROLINA THE STAR TBSM8- If pai4 strictly hi iJniM, li pr se aeaH (I Wlf paia vidua six Months j sad f 3 at Ik aadaf die rear. ADVTI8nrO-l Bqun (t lMt) Irttlnaertioa, 1, aad J Mia fcv sack sahseqant laaerttoa. on Tire limixo or lakd. Lime hit been directly applied to the land in the agriculture of this country for a very long period of yer. The object of applying it hat alwaya been the tame to in crease the crops by stimulating the action of the aoil. It was auppoaed to act in two way directly upon the vegetable matter in the oil, and directly upon the soil itself, by alter ing ita texture. When wanted to act upon vegetable matter, it n applied to boggy aoil' after it had been drained, or to deaf soil that had long been under an exhauiting course of husbandry, and which had never been limed, for it is known that soil never become! deaf that had been occasionally limed. When the texture waa desired to be altered from a stiff to a friable state, or from a very loose to a firmer state, lime waa applied. Slid clay soils were those which were rendered pulverableby lime, and loose gravelly soils were rendered firmer by its action. The mosteonvenient period for applying lime to the land, waa when the oil had been bare-fallowed; -ami as that pro cess was extensively practiced, the lime was always laid on in summer. It wis the most favourite practice with farmers to apply lime in a caustic slate, becaus, being then in a . staie of finest powder, mired beat. with, every art 01 soil. Experience having comGrmed all these practices in regard to the application of line, it is doubtful that many farmers of the rresent day know mono about the nature of iime and it action than whit ii implied in The' abeve statement, and consequently the prac tice now is what it waa then. When lime ia obtained direct from the kiln, r from ehiphoard it ia in lumps, called thrtlt, and light in weight. Limeshells are differently treated by different farmers in their preparation of it fur the soil. Some lay down the shells in mall heaps upon the foe red ridges, while others lay them in large heap upon the upper head-ridge. It is clear that the "lode of laying hells at once npnn the land cannot he adopted antil the land had previously been sullirienily fallowed; and as fallowing occupies a consid erable litne to be done in a proper manner, it is also clear that us considerable quantity of lime can br driven, alter the fallow is ready, unless the kilns happen to be near; and, at all events it ia unnecessary to lay the' lime' upon the fallowed land until only a short period be fore the wheat is sown. Besides, when shells are placed in heaps on the ridges, they must remain a considerable time there to be reduced to powder by the air, when the lime will have lost a considerable portion of its causticity by union with the carbonic acid of the air, unless a good deal of rain shall hat e fallen to hasten .ita slaking. . To preserve the shells intact, till needed, ihey should be pu t in large heaps, (lie otiter surface of which may become neutralis ed by the action of the air, but the interior of which will not be eo anectrd. While the heap are thus occupying a head-ridge, the land may be worked aa opportunity orlt rs. A week or so before the lime is spplied, water should be poured on the large heaps of shells to reduce them to a stale of (m powd TIi water . wwM aU ba absorb-, ed by the lime, which nevertheless continues quits dry, thereby indicating that it has been taken up in chemical union villi the lime, which ihen becomes in the slate of a hydrate: A great heat is evolved during the time the " lirnrtsket to fait W powdeift lhffticrr H it tains that suite, the heaps will have awclled to more than three times their former bulk. The lime is than said to be tluied, and is in its most caustic stale. While the tlaking is proceeding, the land that was manured in drills (4172) is crow narrowed a double time, to make it flat; alter which the ridges are fecred; and the lime is then spread along the fecred ridges. Tlit lime is spread in this manner i Frying-pan shovels, fig. 333, are the beat im plements for filling carta with, end spreading lime upon land. A calm day should be cho sen for the purpose, but should thero be the least wind, the single-horse carts should be so placed at the?, heap aa that the lime-powder which rises into the hair should I blown away from the horses and men. Powdered lime is heavy; but all that can lie upon a shov el is so light in weight that each ploughman takes a heap, and with one of his horses in a cart, for a yoking at a time, fills his own cart and spreads the lime from it upon the ridgee allotted to him. - The direction in liming should have the wind a little ahead; am' when a number of men take from differ ent heaps, ihey should so arrange themselves along the ridges as that the cart farthest dawo the wind take the lead in spreading. In spreading lime, the man walks along the mid ' die of the fee reel ridge, and csstr the shovel fuls right and left front the middle towards the fscred furrows, which will become, bv plough' log Ikermwns of die Allure ridges. The msn she can cast the shovelfuls with either hand will spread lime belter than one who is right or left handed, only. The lime should be spread tvmly oerr the turfacr; but it may ,! spread thicker on one part of the field than another according lo the wants of the soil. On light knolls it msy lie spread thinner than in hollows, where the soil is either deeper or Jltrongar. Whenever -rain falls, the liming ahould be discontinue!. . ' It it proper lo put cloth over tlit liotse's back and Uia harness ; ami the men (Should cover their, face with crape, to save it from the cauterising effects of the qui.-klime . .'f Ue. .h 3M, jshene ver loosened from work, should be thoroughly wipsd down sad brul d. to free the hair of any lime tint miy have fonnd its way into it ; and should the men to a smarting in uietr eyes or nose, sweet uiic; cream ts Hie best emollient. - Progressively S the lime is snrrnd ' ' M 'ftW Hdge, U I'- harrowed"" in a dou ble Ae, and mixed with lha toil: and immediately and the entire field being limed, the ridge aro tnougnsu wiui ugM furrow, to. bury the taps as litilt ss possible, and which e institutes afca seed-furrow oflht future crop. .tfrLMHMftotot Jimejhat should be applied depend on the nature of "iria aoil "the fighter soils :eq airing tht baa, and the stronger sJie'gre.ter qnaality. ligia turnip soils, aoma think J 3 bushels per -acre uffirient, wild. I have Bsed 10 bushels, with' benefit. 1 have seen aa much as 510 bushels applied to the acre of.wrteat land, with mnifii a,l.a But perhaps from ISO lo ?I0 bttslwK may be considered average quantities, from ' the lightest to the heaviest toils. On weak moory soils, 75 bushels are enough with which to commence its improvement. The sort of lime should determine the quantity applied, the atronger being used in less qnantity than the weak. The English lime is much more caustic than the Scotch. Lime with any magnesia in it is unfit for the land. It ia not customary to apply lime often to land, it being inexpedient to apply it oftener than once in a lease of 19 years, on account of its expense. Its common price is 3g. pr boll of 0 bushels, consequently its entire cost, st the above quantities, will be from 3, 16. to 6 per acre lor tne oel seaborne English lime, exclusive of carriage; the Scotch sells for 10s. per eart-load of 4 boll of (I bushels each in cluding carriage for 10 miles, which make the cost from i, Ss. 6d. lo 6 per acre. Lime weighs from 75 lb. to nearly 1 cwl. per bushel, which indicates that it ought not to be laid on by the measure alone, but by measure and weighlcombined, giving the pre ference to the lightest weight. Lime is applied at different periods of the year, according lo the state of the land. On summer-fallow it is applied immediately before the wheat is sown in autumn. It ia also used lor wheat immediately after taking up the potato crop in autumn. It ia spplied to the land cleared of turnips by sheep, just before the sowing ul the barley -seed in spring. It is also applied before the turnip-seed is own Ht:th -begioHHigof summer- It-may be , applied to lea immediately before being ploughed lor oats in early spring. I do not say it is immaterial to the proper use of lime to choose the season in which it is applied, con venience often determining the point as much as propriety ; but experience has decided ihxt it is used to the best advantage on summer-fallow, and after turnips have been eaten off by sheep. The effects of lime are manifested in a rather remarkable manner. When plough ed down with an ordinary furrow by itself, no effect is observed on the first crop; and when ploughed in deep, a rotation may pass before it shows any effect. When harrowed in, and the bad ribbed for barley after turnips eaten off hy sheep, it has effect at once. When ploughed w ith a light furrow above the dung in summer-fallow, even after lite lapse ol a few weeks it has a sensible effect on the first crop. Ilhas the best effect on the grass of any crop in the rotation and most upon the clover. It has an injurious effect on the potato crop. It loses its effect ou the same land after Several repetitions. It has little effect ou soils in the neighbourhood of large towns. It has al ways a good effect on fresh soil; as also on ' moa that bas been thoroughly drained. It has s good effect-on all drained soils, and is wasted on undraincd one. Lime is usually procured in summer and 'autumn, aa the kilns are only kepi in aotivity in those seasons; .so when a is intended to apply it in spring, it is necessary to pro cure it in autumn, and keep it all winter. And w1mi, ui unuaule state in winter, the heaps of shells should be covered with a thick cojting of earth, and every c.evice that appears in it should be immediately filled up. I am aware of the opinion of some farmers, that lime is equally efficacious in the soil in the effee as in the caustic state, and I-ord Ksmes was of that " opinion ; 'arid", lliere'iort,'' pfecatt lions lo preserve it in a caustic state in winter may. by them, be deemed unneceasary; but as the general opinion is in favour of quick lime, snd which I support, 1 have treated the sutaaei eeurdtuelv, until experience shall in- struct us better. There is the advantage, however, in using quick-lime, that it is much more easily spread upon, ploughed into, snd mixed with the soil than effete lime; and if pulverisation be of sny use to it all, it should mix w ith the soil, and act with it more quick ly than in an elide state, To the ordinary use of lime, ss 'I have described 'it, chemistry might object to its application so close to farmyard manure as it is in summer-fallow. It is entirely right avoiding to apply it with or iR ar guano, as it will entirely deprive it ol lis pmmoniacal in tredienK Hat it is not easy to avoid its prox imitv to manure, when it is considered that it cannot be applied at any time in the coursef a rotation, and that a considerable time I re- quired to collect a much of it a will Spread over a large space of ground; and thai if a large spice I not limed when H i applied, time will not be affordml the tenant to time all hi farm, and derive all the advantages from it, in the course of a 19 years'Jease. Suppose that he limes entire fallow-break every year, he cannot go over his farm In lest time than four or live years, and this space is as much as he can lime in the course of a year and carry on the culture of the farm at the tame liinj If we tako the time the firmer lias to apply lime, we shall see that ho can scarce ly avoid applying U near a recent period of manuring. When it is spplied on bare-fallow, it must be immediacy above the ma nure ; when placed below it, the lime sinks out of reach. When spplied . to the potato land after the erop has been lifted, it follows the large manuring the potatoes had received late in-the spring. Tin liming land after tur nips in spring follows the large Manuring which the turnip received in the early part of the proceeding tummer. When put upon lmJ that has been nranuted by sheep eating off turnips, it is placed still nearer the manure. Liming land in preparation ol t:ie turnip crop, ia the early part of tummer, placet it at near the manure, l.ims cannot ot appueu to any of the cereal crops when they are growing, aud it cannot be uut on cross land that is to .J?..?!...q!y land m atnall hfapi almrg itojdajHrt-ahey. Thus, BeiiTieriii sprmg.summer.nofauTunin.r; eommoyuked bywater being 1 : .... nnliA.I n lli tell Wlfhntll MUII. I . ' ' . . 9 ing into near contact with manure; and at 10 amrlving it in winter, it is out of lh question when a Urge quantity is to be used. .The rain and anow and frost in iv prevent its tw tfTg1iarrtfea WaflcY beingHf I Wftl," tltd bad weather may prevent tha liming' proceeding a! all after a portion of the field )d been limed. After all. aa lima it applied only ones ia a lease, it matter little thai it be put wpon die land near a manuring ;' the importan Uut roint ia lo anbly ii tLs best aud most -eonvortiettt riaWbicb If Ql ll". fallow J fnd experience has obtained the best return Irom iu use thus, both in grain aiuf atraw. Ihp-rlresslna'-or- adopted iu tiveral districts of England in Es?t x, llanipsbtre,. Wiltah ire, . Lincolnth ire, Vorklorc, fo affording ralearrens matlrr to the, mm). It has a striking effect at first, par- lieularly upon fresh art broken ap land ; but si length it seems to lose it efficacy. It w .applied again whenever its enect becomes inert. The solid chalk of die lower stratum is preferred to the more porous substance near the surface. It is taken out of pita in lumps, which are put upon the ground to be limed ; and, the lumps being wet, the frost in winter causes lliem to fall down into powder, which is then spread over the surface of the ground. Dlr chalk will not fall down, and is therefore useless fur the purpose. Chalk is used in Hampshire to render the soil more loose, and in the wolds of Yorkshire more firm. I would conclude from this that the Hampshire soil ia clayey, and that of the worlds of Yorkshire silicious. 'I'l. .. : . : i : i : .. .i f Alio ljuaiuiuca .piiDU vary III Ull'i ferent districts. In Essex, in the rlayhml district, about 15 cart-loads, of 40 bushel each, arc considered a full dressing per acre, at Os. per load, and 3s. Od. for carting one mile; but here the expense does not bear carriage farther than four lo six miles, beyond which lime is preferred. In Lincolnshire 00 cubic yaida of chalk are applied to the acre, at a cost of 00s. In Hampshire it is dug out j of pits as deep a 30 feet, aud 2000 bushels ! are wheeled on the land in barrows at a tost of about 45s. per acre. In the distriut of Windsor, where it ha to be carted ten mile, it eost about X'8 per acre. 1 have already r eferred to shell-marl as a manure, in (4900.) Tlc composition of peat shcll-marl of Logic, in Forfarshire -a county ,w hieli ui one time afforded and. used a large quantity af this substance in its agri culture, to a degree to be positively detrimen tal to the soil, some of which ha not recov ered its effect to (hit day it aa follows : .L'- ?roB ... Front tlj .. tjj, tba bottom of bed. the bad Carbonsta of lime 77.6 81.7 Oxide of Iron and alumina, . 1.8 0.0 Organic matter, , . 11. G It. 6 - insoiaoie, eiiieny silicious mat ter, CO 100.0 3.1 100.0 iiog-mari reiarns me ripening ol the grain crops, wlnlotiirtc hastens their maturity, The ..pfoxcas of marling aa practised in England is very similar to th'atW gaiilling or claying, already described tH ('ii 10.) The marl is a clay containing particles of chalk, w hich are quite visible in the mass of day. The marl is applied both to heavy and light laud. On heavy land it it used on new broken up pasture and mixed with farmyard manure in compost. On light soils it is more extensively employed, and its benefits are derived from in improved texture of lliei soil. From 40 to 50 rubie yards are applied per a cie, at a eost of 7d. per cubic yard if not dri-: ven farther than a furlong, and beyond thai distance one penny per furlong it paid. Its action produces better quality of grain and re gularity of crop. The excess of organic mat ter in a new-soil loosens it, which the mari intf correct; the- dry - and "inrjM-"it'(ur'or and is rendered more adlie', -rt ,:r. . , iu pcai.is Denenleu by consoli dation and the supply of inorganic matter t The following analysis may give fair idea of the composition of a clay marl. This specimen was found in Ayrshire: larDooaie oi nine, . i B.s Oxide of iron aud alumni, . p 2.2 Organic matter, 2 H (Pray an siricioirr tB,M-,-fKrv'W91'' Water, , . . 1.4 99.7 The lime used iu die agriculture of this rimintry it chieffy derive J froui'lllS hiouii - tain limestone of the carboniferous series, aa also that of the coal formation. The rock forms a broad belt across the ccutre of Seat land, along the centre of Englaud, and in tht whole of the centre of Ireland, l.ime in Scotland is mostly derived from ihe coal form ation, where it is associated with shales, sand stone, and ironstones. I In Ireland large .beds and knoll of limestone nodules,-in the form of gravel, aro found in many districts. The gravel, when laid upon the land, actt as lime in tha course of time. ; audit affords a very ready meant of reclaiming "drained bogs, and of reducing their vegetable into earthy matter, (5891.) The. composition of some good lime- stones for agricultural porposcs is here giv en : , v. Csrblkr, Catkermoutli, Kilnbeaa. lUllg. laibouaW or Hue, Sulphate of liine. Phosphate of Usee, Cartouate of BMjrnvsia, Alaaiaa ana oiiile of iron, tidica. tw.n i.so os.M is, ; 1.11 t.li J2 1.14 .. j S.ed 1,2 t.H 1,31 'j 1.03 9.7 J !.! 1.47 .l 2.ti: J.ii 2.11 loo.ul) 100.11 lao.Ot 100.00 Limestone, on being broken into handy lumps, is packed in alternate Inycrs with eoal in kilns and burned, when a very material effect i produced upon its appearance aud character. Iroin beings close-grauitd, hard, heavy stone, it is reduced Id a porous, light, splintery einder. One ton of limestone, wnun ihut burned, viclds 11 cwt. of the ein der. The cinder is cslled limr-$hellt. '1 he burning hat the effect of driving off water and carbonic acid from the limes tone ( of farming gypsum with tha sulphur ol tht coal, and with the py riles of the limestone and tilicata of lima, with tht tdiciout matter prea eul in the limestone and the eoal. '- -LiiuethaU have a strong affinity for water : they ill extract it from the atmot phereand become ia- lima slaked, which it the end aimed al in putting limeshells oa the poured anon them. Tht pouring water too quickly upon the shells causes die lime to be gritty, and lo contain many small lumps which rernse to be slaked, j lie aponlaneoua slak utg i allcodcd with ibe leaaLUouldaaaLUaualr ly practiaed, but in effect it chill tliei aurfaee and producea much grttry lima and it gives sutlicteni lime lor mucn oi ine powoercu imie la absorb earbonie acid I mm Uie air, and go back to ihe stale of earbonaW and become ef fete. : Tit succeed well with the apontaueout mode ol slaking, ihk hrtpt should be covered trttfi rda,wnie if f tribrahirfif w ftrfnii er will undertaka with heap ling on tne field. Farmers, will willingly cover large JWraal Os Aftinitmi aWMs a JSnt'oJ, vat. ui. r- . v. p. J.araaa' t tkfJvmmltmrti aaaaa?, rot siii, p. Jl , ' ' . JJ' liert-a Os lit t'ft if Lim is ,ly. in'lmrr. f. 1 heaps of limeshells thai ire to remain over winter, lo be spread upon the land in spring, by which time most of the lime will be found slaked in an excellent state fiw mixing with the toil. In diking limeshells, an intense h.il ia produced, a large quantity of. walei is absorbed, much increa-e of bulk ensues, and a hnn powder' is obtained, which is called juUk-limt, cauttie-limt, ktt-litnr. The heat in tome eases might ignite gunpowder; the lime absorbs about etie fourth of its wieglit of wster; it increases from X to IJ tunes its hulk ; and the -powder has strong caustic snd alkaline prbpertiea. The ultimate reaulls are, that the slaked lime consists partly of caustic lime, partly of carbonate ot lime, and partly of hydrate of lime, somewhat in these pro portions in the ton Ptr oral. Carbonate of Uaie, 67.4 I (Vt. HUrsts of Huts, I liaM, MA 1 111 t ( waW.IS.ll j J The composition of the limes obtained from the limeetoncs mentioned above, (0035,) with the exception of dial of Relig, ia as follow: Lanark. btrt, riiuberlanil. DnauVtosrh. " " Carlufce. Cockeraieath, fctlahead. .law, .ia S9.7J SulphaW af lime, (xtpmb.) i.ts Pboapaala of liar, I .fa Magnesia, I.OV Alumina anl axidc af t ja i.'j iroa, ff.?4 ftiiirs ia lite rtate of tllicale, 0,78 Carbonic acid autl moisture, " - t.S r.irs ' 100.00 loo.ou luo.nnf The purer lime, is it is considered, the bet ter for agricultural purposes; it is then said to ite in the. .. f (teat and strongest. tate OS, the ljmas whose analysis appears above, it would teem lo me that the Kduhead is the best for applying to the land. Plasterers like fat time, at it runt best snd makes the strong est putty. When considerable proportion of sand occurs it it iho better adapted for common building purposes, ss it then requires i , . less sanu io convert ii into goou mortar, antl the natural union of silicious matter is much better than sny artificial method of adding it can ho devised. Ul these Ilia Uockermnutli is the best for buildings. Munh magnesis in lime is hurtful to vegetation, und is therefore unsuited for the land ; but it i a useful ingre dient in lime intended for buildings under wa ter, such as piers)?nd docks, where it becomes very hard, and on that account is called hy draulic lime. Of these limea the Carluke would seem best suited for building piers ; but the proportion of magnesia in it is but small compared lo many of the magnesian limes of England, as at llaruepool, where it contains about 45 per cent of the carbonate of magne sia, a ton of which affording no leat a quan tity of the calcined magnesia of the allocs than 0 cwtt. Pile practice hitherto has been to tpplf large dose of lime at once, and not to reat it during the latsM. Tne motive wr mit pra Mil M'M iHeSaViTieTXplSceT ilTregWro lite tenure of ait iarui, Uian lo any xeaaunable exim'tatioa entertained by him of the action of .. ' -i , .!... I. r..i. lime upon me sou in large quanmy. ii is reu with the application of lime a with the draining of the farm the sooner it is done, and the sel domer done, the creates Profit to him who does it. The opinion is eainine around, how ver, dial it is bolter for the tcnanVt uiusresTto lime ia lest quantity at lime, and mora fre quently. It would appear, taking theave raire of the quantities of lime applied in dif ferent districts ol the country, that about 8 or 10 bushels per )Br'iks)nulBattf'iliii'p1(eu to' supply the supposed mquirementt of the land. lit .might, therefore, be better for the erop and mora prudent for tha purse af tha touant, lo apply a or 10 biwhelt lo the acre ou the fal low tvery'year during the lease than 160 lo 300 bushels per acre at one tiihs al its com mencement. There is no doubt that lime ia an exhaust ing substance for the land. Long ago it was quite common in Scotland for tenants, who grudged In purchase manure, to procure lime and apply it as manure, just as the bog-marl was .used, until the land Wat rendered almost incapable of irrowing, any crop, when It was hud down tograst lo lest tor a number ol years. Tht various substances of the toil, organic and inorganic, are mora rapidly set tree alter nine has been applied thanbelore; and, on baing set Iree, Ihe roots ol plants obtain tlieni the more readily and in greater abundance ; and then. as Ihe plants tliomselves grow more rapidly and lo a larger aixe, and perfect all their parts more completely, they will carry off a larger Quantity of matter from the soil, which if not replaced in some wsy, iho aoil inurt become exhausted. II more lime la applied to cornet the evil, the exhaustion will become tha more tevere. Over-liming was an evil which ilia land suffered in a former generation more dian in this; and when it occurred waa confined to floor weak Soil, that was soon rendered bto oose by the use of the plough. It ia there lore guild correct what Professor Johnston aayt, that "the evil called overtiming is a me chanical, nut a chemical on. I he extreme openness of ihe soil has been brought on by pro longed plotiirliiiiK.aad loolrequeul cropping of com. An rtpposit procedure must therefore be adopted, and nawisntcai means employed, ny which a gradual eomlification may be effected. among which none is more effective than the cit ing off turnip by thcep on the laud. A corn post of lima tnd earth i a betur top- dressing bir grate land than anher aeptralely. Such a compost is usually made loo west r lime; ibe proportion should be one cubie yam ol lima lo three cubie yards ol earth. 1 he mix ing of sacb s eouiputt costs Id. per cubic yard of tftr irtTxTom. Tlia sppcarance of die while clover, 7Yf- folium rrprnt, on top-dresi:ig healthy soil with lime, i well- known and remarkable phenomenon. Lime extirpate the eorn mar igold.' Chtyianthemum ngetutn, both en-eragM'the-i-wrmpy.i Papmir Hkteat and on tiiikiug into strong clay aoil it favour tht grewtb of coil foot, J utnlago Jararm. If person ia continually eomplaining'of (he town iu which ha live, if only prove that he ia not fit ui live in M. . . . he ia well. .i-.,.:v ! If a perwm rori with other a infirmities. yotl will observe thsl he is totally blind of f . " - la . r tut vvH, . . ,,f... SinhaslojOa tU fat W! J Vs .Wt.'iii. . t THE MORMONS. SALT LAKE VALLEY. The Desert ,rw,uf April Blh,contaiii tht 'Fifth General Epistle" of the "Latter Dsy Saiuis, from Ssll Lake Valley, to tht Saints scattered throughout the earth'! The EuisUe nmtainsmurhatatiMiealirtfbrinationeoucernin- Itu prosperity tod productiveness ol this people and country. This Epistle of the Saint iubilates over the txteusion of Mormon ism lo all lands iu Eu rope Asia, Africa, die East and Weal Indies, and America. This extsnsiou and mpid gath ering of the Saints is proclaimed aa a token ol the Messiah near approach. Then, scam. the "Saints" declare that civil dissensions, the cholera, quarrels among christian sects, earth quakes, whirldwinds, hiimcans, tornadoes, ., aro sure tigiu that the "second coining of Christ i at hand." Leaving heavenly. the oriiing, the "Saints come down to earth. 1 hoy say the winter has been mild, and very little mow, several g'sln and Itimbcc swills hare been built. Shingle have been made, threihing machines put into use, the council traqsp nearly finished; the warm spring bath completed, the liluing, store in use; a pottery nearly hmslied, a woolen laclory to be erec ed, snd china ware and cutlery to he manufac tured. In March the farmers sowed their wheat. A colony of Mormons ha been formed at Iron count) j 250 miles south of Salt Lake city a few families, and 1 30 men, with teams, seeds, and tools, were sjut out December Tth list, and when lust heard from they had a field ol I, olio, acres, 4UU ol it so n, plenty of water. wooor irc,.aluuuatid wpi: lie Quorum of Seventies" have agreed to erect a great Rotunda in Suit Lake city, to be called the "Seventies' Hull of Kcietn-o. (iov. Yo'ing i trustee. ,nd sujM-riutemlent. Abuul , lluec . lumdri'd euiiiirarna wwitered With 'die Saint,' and left for ihe gold diggings in the apriog. A settlement it to be found in the southern part of California, not far from San Diego, and one hundred tnd fifty wagon, under the charge of Elder Lyman and Charlet Hitch, started in March tut tht place. A continuous line of stations or places of refreshment to the Pacific, on this route, it lo be established. The city it being formed into hloaks, instead of wards; shsda UM art planted, school houses built, aud ni aaurcs taken to prevent depredations by Culilornia eniigrunts. The Epistle informs us thai Iho "twelve a pbsiles are abroad," except two. Orson Hyde is in lowaj Pratle is' on his way to the Society and Sandwich Island tnd Chili; Or son Pratt is in the Stiles, but expected home; Taylor was at Boulogne, France, preaching, translating and publishing; Snow hat visited the Italian Stales, and it now located iu Swit xcrland ; Ersstus Sitowi in Cortenhawen. and the good work is prospering Swedeu, Den mark, IWway, Germany, and all thai region; Richarda.it presiding over the "Church" in the British islet hit offico being in .Liverpool; Smith j presiding in Iron county, and the ma Kich't are en w.o- r "WJUWOT near an utego. - - 'iT"mS.iuii1ll''tha tuiiivu inirs unu vauaua, ii uiey van wm Ihe work of die Lord prosper." lo arise at one man, and coma to Peteret, "where Ihey csn do more Tor .ion in one year than they can iu many' years where they ore." Cincinnati Gazttte. Thk Putt in IltitT. A gentleman, in fffwof hi viaitsamowg lb poea mt wkbooa.; ol Ins Sabbath school tcholara, a little girl nut six years old, who had lust begun to read the New testament. I his child, being fond of singing, wassnxinusloiiottestoneof die school hymn bonks,-' which- Hrw" fiHth?marr',itltftrfy'; promised to give her, on condition that eli would letm to read the filth tnd iixth chap ter of 81. Matthew's (Jospal withm the trace of a fortnight. Tha little girl immediately un dertook this talk, and having brought her two chapter to tha gentleman, began lo reud : bul when the finished the first twelve verse, ha caused her to slop, in order to inquire of her which of the qualitiet described in the beati tudes she would desirt mot to possess. She paused a little while, and Ihen replied, with modest smile. "I would rather be Dure in heart, -' ';...y.... The gentleman asked her wherefore ahe should choose this blessed quality shove all tha rest. Iu reply to which, she answered to thi purauto; "Sir if I had a' pure heart,! should then possess all the other good quail ties spoken of in tins chapter. Ijurr-joisv auaiw. ;oi. uiaox. who waa nasiodas oandidaUaurUovernorof I'ensr'van ia, wruta a letter, which waa read in the Head ing eonvenuon, withdrawing bit nam. It is a vary sealnoa plea Kir a faithful annport of the caoipromist measures of tha last (iungres. and a ttern discounumancini uf all Abolition agita tion, in theeouraa ot Uie letter the fulluwing paaaais ueeurs ! It ts uaaossibls a4 to loy the thoafrU, umA ths aa -vka made tha thoagh L as well expressed aa tlii " Tht Wf a ' t'swa, rfafiart ikt billon, aaaf ear litr I Soma time ago, when this sentiuisnt was given as a toast at a publio celobratioa in Virginia, a eAnsmvarsv arose in the newsmiMirB alwujt tlia right of property, i ns auttiorshia a alaua4 fir various omoienr persons. " s ou nut racnl- leet bow tha matter was settled among the dis putants, bet, hsvs a very distinct know lodge luaf so Mil is irwn an wmiima mnu, a gjouu many year iA U and that aa a toast il it mora pretty in sound than true ia philosoi.liy. In one of the poem of Montgomery the followiug singular vera oovurs, which w quote from mem. ory. Ths last line, however, ws are sure ofi "Ah t why has Jehovah, la forming Ui world, Kross taaaeaaa divided tk land ; . Hisranaart af rocks roaad the aoatineat karlcd. And a. ad lad the deep la bis band I If aua wulJ tmufn his sterniil command, ' And leap 'r tie bounds of Ills blrtk ' Ttravsgt tbf altenaotrt earth, And violaU aatloa aad raalaui I shaaMbs, -Xiliasf as ( hHaasi, tat ms.su AJua Am a abilantlimiMa wiah ur the enirerBal fear. many of ths laot. tliis does very well in poetry. but w afr could fancy U a an intelligible metopbra, descriptive of the relations uf ths Mates temie l (bs'llniun. Titer are mther Sied botliea, end trinras the bills which f rr imperishable narts tt ta ej-utaseii; tuaawetaratMeaa awiKsngt r of a asaa af waters, swelling or weltering awajM andertbs eapriotoas agitotiua or the winds, without any inhuront shape or existence of tbeir own. The IJeaof the tnion. waicb the sentiment conveys, is a Atlas one, and the line Itself, Iwinr borrowed, ha aot evaa tha asartt ot being wall Ill J Tli ' ,iahtla mmj Umm Wmmm mUAmtmJ Mllli appifw. s Rfn.ww iotio- ws . . nnra ., 1 1., tbasmootnnes ui in vera. u, rieayaa, . Frederick the Great, with aa empire atiits dimrtfoit, in Ibe ttvidM of warr and ea the af battle, touitd time to converse with philos ophers, snd to feast himself on. the pleasure ai learning, -W-.8Sr.: vrVIWPvV'w '. . .i -H; v..f i. --t' ti't - rN,:-- I The Baltimore American, in torn remark' .u. . . . . . I Ul ci ar anu wmper wnicn soma-: unlet characterixe newspaper- ditcnttioaa. says "The notion which seem to be entertained by many that abusive epithets and demfam ry imputations add ttrengih In at argument, it one of ihe most mistaken notions that the moat weak minded children ol sanity ever in dulged in. It ia akin to tint other offspring of egotltm the idea that the public art inter ested in the personal bickerings nf two indi viduals who happen to be editors of newspa pers, and that either is believed in his viiupsh atimis of the other." Wc cannot altogether coincide with our friend of he American in one of dies opin ions. Wo think the public do led considera ble interest in nersonal warfare, mnerlaltv if it be smart, pungent, and likely nend in ex- J tianging the pen for the sword. In fact, per snnaiiiiea, brief, pithy, slid hiung, are regarded as the very tall, cayenne and mustard of the ed itorial table. " A race, a cork light, or a fisticuff in the ttreet, will attract a rrowd sooner than a philosophical leulure, and the tame princi ple in human uature make us all eager to tee a fight on that most public arena of the world a newspaper. - . Oim principal cause of newsjmper peraonal itiet is iho exci-s of party spirit. At present, lb uewspaper world exhibits t eomparslivt calm, but iu high party liirit tht press mors) Irequaiitly resemtilet a weapon of dealruetiou than an engine of truth and virtue, lis con- the passions of iheir respective parties, instead of calmly discussing, like atlvoratea at tha bar, honest diffcrencea of opinion between them selves and their opponents, and endeavoring trtTnHghtW;and-wmhfl"the -pnblic nrimi. rhese bitter conlroversiot hat' done mora to degrade ihe pre than any other cause, and II us conductors sometimes leel that Hit digm- it ui tovir vocation ra noi aa niguiy appreoit ted iu tins country at in' franca and tiiuland ine reasna is, thai, anlika tht French and Knclish journals, lliey make their ptejapea Ui theatre of a war of person rsiher tliau of prin ciples, and Uie public, very naturally, have lit tle respect for a profession whost uiciubera I - 1 1, il. . .. r.. a.W Ml... howsto little rraiiecl for tseh other. W dare eay there ia no party in politics or religion, in ibis country or iu tht world. the mass of which are not perfectly ronsoien-j lious and liircsl in their oiihtioiia. . There may be prejudice, passion, iguorancn and error in each and in all, hut in all, with few excep- : lions, there ia likewise sincerity. Why, then, 1 denounce or ridicule men for a difference of opinion, aa if it were a wilful fault t If ihey are in error, ia thai die moat efficient mode setting lliem right I r We should think -not, unison and persuasion have many converts. but tersacution and abusa only confirm moil iu their opinions and prejudices. - . ten. jirjuvman, . M u w . .... ... tWrf ef s tkuioit Alliu. -.i.--. :t,.v-.. kj, lnia. May ft, ' When we reaolie nut vet i'.sv. and the idaea waa very badly rigliied."Yetty Iha fainl flickering lights of ..... ... . , - , - j j the Innltmt which awayea to and iro in tne wind, aa if they were pitying al swinging on their stout ropes, I could see some bayonets gleam, and a vague unformed mass elanding in the middle of the square. 1 had wyeraeeu a guillotine, bul my heart l)l mo that was it, I went nesr ii ii is uurrmie in ioo upon. I need not describe it form, for every one knows il bf the dim light it looked like pile d iving machine, it is placed upright 4ipH.- pbxlortu, a Uddar without sou wla, with. a wooden collar at Us nase and a triangular knifeabovr, By iheaiileof thernundlnssuu'- dtt It the coffin a here tha body is throw y, below il is the panitt where the head falls. and from tha upper end of Uie huliler to Ihe balustrade which surrounds Uie platform, the rope dangle, which the executioner has but to pull, and ah, il is horribly simple I The guilloime, in all ua parts, even lo waa panned red,- I utavs yuu to' conceive how this looked, viewed by the crepuscular light, in which I saw it. Uut the tiouderous triangular axe wat unpaiiited, it glaainod with a horribly iiiiier expronaion. high over ihr oanitr and tha roffiu. Aa I tier u were, aa yet, lew persona on tne grnond, except thtnaddiera, every ous was . a . a M .a allowed lo move around tne iJinnnytnimeni. and examine il in all it (mrts. Uut Ihe crowds soon began to arrive. The instrument had been planted at about eleven e'cloek the pre ceding night, and it attracted crowds from a large rudiu'e. Aa , daylight increased, the soldiers bKiuod lines, Iht people were ordured bat k fnim tht instrument I a trnop of dntgoona galloped up, who first formed iu front of the guillotine, and then gusrded il. Between the horse were tlie gtnu annt, and behind litem Uie public. A (iotriD. A (iourd was exhibited yea tenia y. at one of onr aloret which measured diree feet 0 inclie iu length, and twu and uWe uuartors inches in diameter. Like aoma of our Congressional Speeches, il is disl inguished inure fur its length than strtssglh of body. The owner intends it for a Irumnet, or horn not a horn of luinor, hut a horn to make a noise like iho runs' born nf Jerico. It is well we hat e n walls to tumble down al the perpe tration. It is a curious gourd, a tui gm'ri. of tha present daynd must belong In Ue fami ly which raised the dander of Jonah . rrvj , ..tr Coaciacg. In Mtme of tlie tpeeehre made by aboliihmista of the North, against the fugitive slave law, it waa urged aa ihe dic tate uf conscience notto permit a fugilivs slave to be restored to his owner, A rsrsrend gen- tlemaa) xyaa eryvyehelunf bis appeal m . ' . , . . j j i .i Ut.rr Ol runaway sis.ea. aaa ssoiwimv mm vengeance of Heaven apon thoee who delivered them up. Ii corscicnee would Hot perniit him to carry die law into effect, though It would lots rate the violation of an oath toann- prtrr tire ,-'oitrliiw--sf':he' swM.trlryi' -WV tresumelhavtheluriir, u. walker.) wtvn, etna; tworn on the jury to try Robert Morn (a negro for assisting to rescue the start ctliaii raeh. waa tot ide by judge Bpragae no an examination for perjury, wag one nf the tlie- niplet'of ihe reverenJ geiitlemsn tofjia -d to. Iatem that lite eonei ansa of Visiter did te prevent hie aerviajf, am tlie Jury, and swearing to bring In true verdiot ncoriling io the tes timony, though he had iifsviouJy declared hie totefltioa vkh toennvint undrir any elmrm- ataneea. - A man who wouta aet thus, ebou d serra a tern) in Up penitentiary. ,.v , newspaper nisrrrssmv AMERICA SELlMJOVERJf MEJif . la i.O II , . . . . . . " - . ' ' ntuin m um fretideaw oftba Unite) riutea. nohliall mAalhura Home Uaietle, a yery graph in" snd stirrimr account ia girea af ihe arena in Ihe Hall nf Ihe House of repreapalatitse ml ', ihe eventful aud exciting occaaioa of the elee- '' tin) hy that body ol a President of the Unite ' 8tatr Allei describing the in tense and ab- ' snrbing in tr real evinced by every homaa be- ing in Washington, and the euceawsfui opposl. tiot) of Mr. MeUuffie lo an attempt to exclude the people front witnessing U acts of their representatives, that geiiUeTtart pledging hm, 3' self fir Iheir onleriy deportment while look- ing n anch a apecucle, the writer thus nia ceeds I ; v,.:.-..V-, " At length the Speaker's hammer Ml.-i. i A dead silence instantly prevailed, and tha reieelive delegations assemblwl and took" uieir scats around thu tables prepared for ! tliem. . ' their teats " It waa wit privilege, from an elevalr no, ' sitton on ibe right hand of uVrhatr, to enjoy -a full view of all thegnmps; and I have pre- ' . served a rude and hasty sketch which I eanoht J. of Iheir positions while the first hall.it wa f proceeding. . t4ch detegalmu snno .ue.I mw of their number to act aa Chairmao, cnil-rt ' uieir votes end report the result. " l'hn ': delegations voted by piuranliee. Whoever. 1 -in each.ieeeived die most votes, was report-1 ed aa Ihe choice pf that drlegatioa. Thais) ' were iwenty-iour u ibese group, and when ' the voles hsd beou galhured iu each, ihev wera"' called npou to mporl, whioh they did in sue-' The ai'ence waa like thai of a sepulchre.' Mens breath ws suspended as Stale after Slate uttered it voice ( and oh, can I fver forget the moment when the Speaker standing Up1irtlfllare -T voir, that teemed to pierce through bone tntt marrow, that John Q. Adams, having sewolvrd ' a majority of the volet east, waa duly elected ' President of the United Stales for' four veara from the 4ih day of March next enautng'." ' " "Then arose such a shout fru.a tha galle VI M tee md Iff li the very dome of the1 Hall, Ma,McDuffie. f whose eandidiie hsd Uten defeated, whose eager hopes had been Wasted, and whoae uenonal pledn fiw the' l r i . . a goou oruer in uia sseenliy was reinemberea by alh) sprang up ia sWuch excitcroent ftom the rroand. and in a vmca thatrana .(wa .M iht tumultuous i.laudii of the tiwctaiort. cried,,. 'Hit, Siieak iker. I move tlm gallery ba' alearod." I he question waa put. and ear.' rifd. Yss,' said a fiireign miniaier to anoth er who piood by his side, -hut how are yo ' going to do it f A natural question eiiutigh' for a European, Ignorant of the eonqtfy and w,rui nil e7t3 UU gUsHtlHf aj JiTIIaf d'arma, nol ven a eoinuWe j how wat llq"-I order to be enforeeJf" ' - - lie soon taw, and while he gaged, seemed pe.wtrated with etieeelileta wondaiv No toon-1 r hail the aiunJratfwsiesaat aaataaiierte.- tTlaif 4aa rttvt aiender young man, f frafful fornf" anu wiui tmniuni macH eye, darted from hit ptocfi.atiU ruwinlipg, (I did not see how,) uy 1 t . . .1.. 'Vi '' "l. " . ....... uia onwiu iimis euniice wnu n rune all srouml , tha nail in fnmtef and below the breael work' of the galleries, motioned with his arm dit dark, ilense, and almoel tiiffonated mast of numan beings berore bim,axelaimmg,gend' men, the speaker ordara Uie galleries to a' eleared ( you must retire clear ihrgalleiiet,' anu ai nia wnni, use a norx ot. quiu?, naaaive J4 WeeTprlrhtS die giut df ilieir peti i tlirown if pen, out went tlie entire .erowd, wiilioul word of eomplaintnr remnnitrauee, and In an incredibly abort lime, aid a eoul waa lr.fl ba lim,,..lhg ru(tetgn mmiste; lifted up hi baud in amaxem.nt, aud exclaimeil, What a guy rnmeul l Wal a peoplo !,H , It ts only an ueeaeiou like thi which esa do full justioe to Die Amerind character aad illustrate its capacity for arlfrgovernment h a manner palpable to the most common under tanding, and irreiiiblo by the iirongett prey iudUw. . Huvh an ordeal at tlie above no pee i i.i . ..i.i i ... . j pm oi curupe oouiu nave paasea tnus quieltv and peacefully. Yt to such trials ourroUiv- tsytnen have been repeatedly subjected. Watind up every four years t.t pilch of po. luteal fretuy by a Pretideutial electiou, tlie kfeiled parly siihmtls to lira result with nd more idea of resistance thr.u if tlie claims wf the successful candidate were austained by a Urge aUtiditigr army . - Tlie President dies, - - -and their Vice President occupies his chair, aa bst twice happened during our brief na tional history, but not a check occurs in the wheel of government. Mil a ripple upon she popular wave, and the ship of atate show aa more ign of change than Joe a thip apon the aca alien one pilot relieve another al her : Such facta aa ihase display tha trns ifrttnt. nest of the Ameiiiwa.'.'i.ir.u-e.Ti . I'hry txhilv. it it in t lnsu,fruiriiy over the. -real of tha world. ,They ahow ihe difiurence. ita the mm of America and toe ,'uuVr4 o Eu rope. The WoilJ's Fair haa no apartment Utge enough to; exhibit sjWPUpeiis of nations, or wa miglil appear to belter advantage ihere than wa lo iu the manufacture ui' kniek knacks snd playthings.! What Amariraa ia not proud of such a country I Who will aoi atrive to perpetuate its institution and its gov ernment? . i Rich. JiepublicaH. Winn ('.kdiditx It is the daiermirtniiou of ilia Whig here, and as far as wa huar.of the Whig of tint Dietrict geuerully, to have a (.'an'lidate for Cnngresa in the itaid as sons it pottibie. It ia thouglil thai it will be requit ing ton much f ht Cnavemiou, to meal a taaoaJ lime, al this busy season of tha year, especially. The chairman of the Correspos. ding Cooimittt, lain communication with that Committee with a view lo ascertain the wtthae of tha majority in tlie District, and fix upon a, suitable tiandidate, -- We shaH trtinounce the; ' result aa early aa posib!o.-Jfr6rit"urt, A (1 oo RKrLv.--The Nsiobe-a Coutier aay t ill a prety g x.l story i told of a ready reply to one of t'id. MVili' aooffmcijes at a -favnoc4i Wnu4a i 4 '- ing up to a retiam portion ul ni aiiuress, no . xcUiiu)CJj "l waa a freeman when I wa ehwtfd to Congress, sd I went there a free; man." W hereat a linioii loving son of ilia Emerald laluexuUiined from the crowd, "Yes, ba Jahbers, and a Fretman will be your sue. or." (ie. Veni4tt, U uwustiiie phwryeej, . it a candid tt lor Congress It; p;jimut to VOl. MC-WIIUO. . . Exuxetvg FAtxiao. A rvp vf potw growu on tlie rancbo of Mr, I ornor, containiog lOOOaeres in ths 8an Joss valley, Califorois, (iel.led m ??ft.Pj:;' ,..,;
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 2, 1851, edition 1
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