Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / March 24, 1852, edition 1 / Page 1
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tlBllSJ-ltlllttJlld, koKTH ClKOLirtl "Pmrfui ii lnujltctoal, toonl u. physical fctorm, the tarn of tut aim ina kemi if tor ifttttioni." TCSXS Ti Cotlan ia VOL. XLIII. RALEIGH AVKDNESDAYOnNING, MAIiCH 24, 1852. NO. 13; TBBJISL-tlf .oiid stmtiy i arfvaiws, II t Vast t M HfstA witbia ix booUui ud tjat tits a si las rear.. . , II, as M hi seek suWjoJot lrtio. ' fnmtkt Ckem Gtucttt, ' - FaMlY llnx. KA CltXXAW, S. C. s 20th February, 1852. J ! .aty ZW sV '" ' -. , .. - " Yon desire me to' writ rat Dime aeeount of aa experiment with Guano made bf no Iht put eeMon, villi fuch augge lions ' might be trvieabl to you in conducting ioiilar one upon the ensuing crop. My acquaintance with thii article, m you are a Wars, ia loo limited to enable me hi prescribe wiib certainty the beat rule for ila applica tion and management ; bnt at far at my expe rience extends, It afford me pleasure to furh tab jrna witt inch fact a bare come under toy observation, tearing yon to wake oeh de tloetims therefrom aa to you way aeen res eosiabla and legitimate., u . -i ,.. .. ... I aed a mall quantity of Guano (Peru vmn) tost ipring for the first time. To satis fy nyaelf of it value, I applied it, alone and in combination, to aluioat every production both of the field and garden, and to different description of soil t and each application art followed by each marked effect a to fully meet my expectations, , But ia one tn tone only did I give that attention to lb Vtatila that would justify my reporting it aa a wall conducted experiment. The piece of . lead selected, was the central portim field aituated on 111 river ridge, of light, (an- " -sly toil, (known as Ssinglast or micalaods) and . el nearly uniform fertility. '""The tiine or a'p - ptieatioa wa at the first plowing of the corn, aad the manner Wat aa follow : . . . i a . 1 1. A ntrrrow lire now mi nin rouuu mt i ia thi furrow track, a level lahl spoonful of OaaM wadpoila nppaaited rack bill. The hand a engaged ia thi ope rati on were directed in depositing it to scalier it (J or 8 inches in the furrow, bat to suffer none to fall out of it. To three row it wa applied , a above de ecribed. and to three contiguous one the aome quantity of mixture, emnpored of part! ill bulk of Guano to I of Platter f and thutl"! alternating , throughout (nrk O. then the mixture) die whole plat wii manured. A ' Hani plow followed immediately which covered A eo deeply a-not to be disturbed in after ukanhu. Oa eitheraide of Ibie plats few ' tow were left without manure, and the bal ance wa cotton-seeded at the rate of 80 bushels to the sere. The quantity of Gua. Mated above, when alone, waa 63 lb., and When ia combination with Platter, 4 f lb, to the acre. "And e a "uble-tpoouful" doe not re-nvey a very accurate idea of quantity, it any ot b imprnper to tteie that the capaci ty of the mm used -by me . araa about i wane.- The whole field received -the sam- . rvlture. ,. '";'v ..' In a lew week after the application, the Vealhet being Seasonable, the most striking ef- fcets were obset-table; the corn, where? the Ou- no and mixture were used, assumed the dark, Sreeq color peculiar Ia the beat bottom land. " aad eooa over topped any ther portion of : thetehL ; It continued to grow finely, and proaauMid a very largely increased yield until about earing time whea it tuflered to serious ly from dnwth that I wa induced to believe that the beneficial effect, of the manure, were to a great extent, if ant entirely lost. To satisfy mveelf, however, bevond a doubt, I " took two hand lirio the netd about thetmt of November and gathered a number of conti gnout rows a treated abjve, (weiglting being mors area rate thaw aaessnremeni) carh row aeporately, aad Um irmll wa aauliotra : Guans aloM at a cost of 01 66 par sere (S3 lba a I eenta per lb. at compared with the amaaured portion increased the production S buhelt m combination with riatter at a tod of ft S3 per acre, a compared above, . increased it 6 bushel per acre. Thi result Wat vnifona la k number of comparison!. The eotton-eesd gave better; yield than the Gaaao alone mm whew compared with the mix tare the result wa variant; ia mm in ktaao th cotton aeed bad the advantage-? la as ether the mixture ; the difference being eo small ia each trial a to leave me in doubt se which of the two a preference ahould be frivea. When, however, the relutivof cost' of las two applieatioiie (tl S3 and fi Ht)-te banswlsred, it weald But eeent unreasonable It) iaier thai Guana wbea thus combined, it at lessl at cheap at I cent per pound a cotton-teed at 10 cent per bushel. ., From the above experiment it would tp " pear that Guano, when used alone, will not repay the planter me cost of its application When eora command let than 63 cent per bushel but whea combined aa above it may be prsfiiably : employed everywhere ia the eotloa ftates, aa com eaa be grown with it tit small fraction, over S3 eeni per buahel a sum much below the everage price of this article., It wa with thi last result that I wa mod highly pleated, aa it obviates lo mbm 'considerable extent the only valid ab jection Is its use its market value for Plat Mr eosiing bat a trifle, not only cheapen the manor but add grestly to it efflrieiicy. ' x ThaC Guano is a powerful fertiliser is be yond a doubt but whether It I adapted to tnt anil and productions, Mai if so, whether th high price at which it sella, will admit of lis profitable employment at a mean lor re novating our land, are quetiiont of impor tance la the planting community. It is not pretended that the small trial above, by any - mesas, determines these imnortant aneaiinn ; for ia agricultural mailer especially, where there are eo many cireumslaneoa to be consi "' oVred, ver varying and each tending to Change or modify live result, no one experi ment, however carefully conducted, can cer tainly establish a single fart. All that esc be claimed for it, therefore, is, thai h raises a probability in its favor, sufficiently strong tn warrant further and more extended experi ment. Aecordinrly, I have procured and intend ung the present year more largely of these articles ; and ia lieu of the sugettmni '' "ton desire me to make, 1 Witt -give yW, M- lar a my space wilt allow, some klea of the manner tn winch I intend applying it. On eottoa land I shall Bsc from 150 to 200 lbs. per acre deposit h in drill, at is usual wnn other tnsnuret. alone end in combination. Before Using it, however, all tire lumps ahould be carefully reduced so that the whole mar be patted through a scire, and 1o secure re-glarrtnwpYudig4i-iit-IWn4o tantageoas to combine it with other manure. Vegetable mould, saw duct, and charcoal, are recommended to be suitable lubatance with whirl! w Com poet it t but the latter, however, ia perhap tn be preferred to all other, a it ia a good absorbent, deprives Guano of i unpleasant odor, and ia of itlf on aome wilt good manure. Whatever the substance may be that i to be need In combination with it, it ahould be perfectly dry ) or if wet, the Cum pool ahould be bnried a early aa possi ble, aa moiature produce 'immediate decom position and thereby disengages thoae gaaac which rons'.itute it chief value.. For this -mong other reason, it is not deemed judi- etou to roinpott it with (table or barnyard manure. . I intend combing ll with Plaster in the proportion of about S5 per cent, in bulk of the hi ten which would not vary far from 60 per eeut. in weight; with charcoal (the quantity depending on the amount at command) and alaa with common salt in min ute quantity. ' . Another way in which I intend using it on cotton, i to make a tvilution f it in about the following proportion : to every pound of Guano, add 10 gallon of water.- Small a thi. quantity eem. 1 am induced to be lieve from a small trijl which I made last year, nearly similar' to this, that it would prove to be highly beneucal in imparting an early and vigorous growth to the young plant. Thi (teep ahould be applied to eed imme diately before planting, and whilst wet with il, they should be rolled in Plaster. One bushel of the latter to S3 or 30 of feed, ia a. bout the quantity which the 'iut will take p. On com I intend using I ounce to the hill 1 deposislng R near ihs grain but not in im mediate contact with it, as from its highly nnitir k would doulidess destroy it - - .-. . . i r Hl; .u-i4, and as deeply ss pracucaoio. . a ns sicepicipaLUvreaienHexnirira'irmB't mentioned above miglit he useil on una grain s'lfi with advantage, not only in hastening . . -;" f .....).. ble to crowa. This ateep tusles hff WPiter than it smells, and at oon a they find that out they will quit the field. They are sensi ble birds: and lip re is the proof of if. A farmer being gready shnbyed by them, soak ed corn in spirit, and rx posed it wnere iney frequented te,gt tight and (a a nial ter of tWrsl&Imade a mighty Ifut He re- iewed hi ba but could neier deceive them (yrwWfw never, gels drunk a so- eortd iifte,iM&AiV. . : 'Tn VrMiawlli be. aWftlicntled of a failure rn.JW&vpuno f.oin a drouih: hence theMKS'iie f Trfinbioihg it with surh substan'c'a are good absorbent or or that posses strong affinity for water ; and hence, too, the propiicly of depositing it deeply, a early In tne spring aa pneuraute. One great advantage which it possesses over all other manures, W'that its strength isendrnws and -calculating the former al 61.25 centra ted in eo small a compass a to make UiaJabor ot taking tt to ihe farm and depoai ting it. comparalively trifling. AU the man ore used by us are bulky and heavy ; and hssule that, w are all the year round accu mulating theint several months of spring of most laborious work. r r-it wtins; simlv.nir them. If the time and labor em ployer! in thirefiitin - wore properly estul mated, 1 doubt not that tne cost oi iransporM U alous, svliere the field i remote from the horse lot, would st least be equal to a pretty fail dressing of the rami field with Guano! I have thut, my der tir.given you, though very m perfectly, ome 'account of my expe rience wilh Gnann, with aueh euggettion a 1 thought h prudent to make. Other wdl read Iv usiret themtelve to your mhid, which vim can subject tn the tet of trial A yon ..'V:i ... .A 1 -i.!- .' I-'-.. and a tew otnerr mteTO"mg a's!M the eusuiug crop, it is hoped that yon will carefully note the particulars, that number of experiment, all healing on one point. mf'dvflnrtrfyltoi uwiM-UMquasiaa, whlh- er or it may o pronuuiy useq in una iau Ude. . i Yours truly. JOHN W. LEAK. CULTURE OF ASPARAGUS. ' There is scarcely a garden plant less un derstood than Aspararus. Many who know and appreciate its great dehVscy as a inble es culent, look upon il almost aa forbidden fruit, from it supposed rarity and ditneult culture. Noihin can bs farther from the truth. An humble seashore plant, braving the salt wave, winter's cold and summer's heat, il hat been brought into the garden, acclimited and lender- 1 .-. t 1. I 1.1. .1 L a L. ,L- CO, until H nuiun uc urii in'iig miv vg- etable luxuries of the table. But It take three vear to mature from the seed, before it can be cut for the table, and thi i the bug- bent.- There it no Crop easier ol culture, and arm that pay more in the amount of nutri tious too1. than tne Aaparagua neu; somiuing that it take three year to get the fiftt bite. The seed may he planted in any good garden soil in February or March, in drill, and a the plant come op and grow, keep them wen worked with the hoe; the root will be sum eicntly lanre hy fall and Winter In transplant. The plant will crow in any kind of soil, but si i delicacy snd tenderness com from its rapid e-rowth.lt should have rich toil; it will bear almost any quantity of manure, and do-, ebt w a sandy toil; a il M seashore punt. il also delights in salt snd a top dressing of suit over Uie bed, al least, twice in the Season, will keep down all the grass and weed and invigorate the plants. Il has been supposed absolutely neeesssry to transplant Asparaint, and to have beds trenched and bricked np at the bottom and ides; but any good garden toil that will bring beeta or cabbage will bring good Asparagus. Il may be made jnt a much better as. the gardner may think proper to manure. In uansplanting for a bed, plant th root about sight inches by tent -sever ttwemwn but about two inches: keen down tne wceo uy ins sp- nl .4t on of sail, work in a trooa cosi oi manure in the winter, and yon may commence euiiin the tender stalk the next spring; cut just below the turfaco of the ground, snd the saina tlalka may o cut many time. , uie season; To those who do not with to trans plant, plant the seed in good soil, and worx them as directed for the roote, snd the third rear the atem may be cui for the table.' One great advantage in Vulti'vaiinf " lis earlinest; coming before fcngiisn pea or soaps, and eontirtiistin for a long time. is the first barbinrer of spring, and ia to her bivorous man. what the tender gras of spring must be to die lonrinz cattle. Whoever own a garden tpol, plant n Asparagus bed; il is a cheap, healthy luxury, and thmild be within the reach of all who (rave, the FLAX COTTON. V - New-York, Jort I if. 1833. T- TBI AoaicotTiajaT nn CtriTaiurr ,:: or thi Um Snnit t 1',., suhjoct of Flat Culture in the United States, and its preparation by the t'hevaiier ClanMen pmeess for spinning on cotton and woolen machinery, engrosses at present a eon siderahle'Shsre of attention amongst neaHy all elassea of the community-. ':'J - II itherto w hare been dependent on foreign importations for supplies of both the raw snd manufactured article. The immense amount of labor expended on Flax, from the lima it ia sown till it is prepared for spinning on Sax machinery, has been such a lo preclude the possibility of raiting it to advantage in compe tition wiili the foreign. Formerly, when rais ing Max for spinning, it was necessary to pull it before seeding, or, when allowed lo seed, the eiraw wss Uimw away as aseiese; but hy the Ctaussen process, both straw and seed are equally valuable, and the eld mode of purling can be substituted by mowing or by the reaping-machine. The sod best suited for its growth is a black loam, having a substratum of sand or clay. It grows on almost all kinds of soil ; even on the aide of gravelly hill, good Crop (lave been raised, but the la tter kiud of soil is bel ter for seed than straw. Deep ploughing and thorough rleaning are essential to its healthy growth. Many conaidcr flax lo be a very exhausting crop, but English and Scoth fann er have fouud by experreuea that it does not impoverish the soil near so much as wheau No soil, with the exception of our Western prairie and vallyi will bear eioppTng year after year with the aanie kiiiilSit'jffain, .with out returning to die soil a portion of the prin- -. , -. A. . . ar be raised annually on the poorest description of soil, provided it is manured with the excre scent earning from animals fed on flax-straw ibd trtt-wtowrwWnw -- A practical English fanner gives Uie follow ing aa the result of his experience in Flax-growing;- Quantity sown to an acre, 2 bushels. Quantity of seed raised tn the acre, $0 bushel. A mount of straw, tons. Even 2? bushels of seed snd 2i ton of straw are not considered a heavy yield. Preble county, Ohio, this seaton raised esj The IrUtiMiMt Journal says : "A farmer in bushels of Flax-seed on 8 aore and 10 roods f ground, being oi-er 211 Puahela to the sere. This, wilh the prospect of FUx Cotton manu facturing in tliis country, will indicate a pros perous business." I know of no crop more profitable tor a farmer to raise at the present moment than that of Max. Kay that he could raise no more than 18 bushels to the acre, and 11 tons of per bushel, and ill straw at ti per ton. Mid deducting 2 butbels for seed, it would amount to 20,23 per acre. If the farmers in this country could be prevailed upon to sow more seed to sn acre, the results would be fcund well worthy of trying the experiment. If the A.vit; H;B ku cn Or kl, I Wvutd recommend its use lor the first lowing. ' - It m the intention of one ol our most exten sive iarmers in Indiana (Henry I Ellsworth, Esq late Commissioner of l'atenta lo sow 600 seres under Flax the coming spring, and a proprietor in England is now preparing 6000 acre reclaimed from the tea, for the eame object. In Great Britain and Ireland, not more than 160,000 acre were sown under flax during the past year, where her manu facture consume the growth of 700,0(K) seres. The guaranty1 given: by English I lac uot- tlontfaoic4nd Propriotora to the farmer to purchase their Flax of them at fair rates, ha Induced the latter to double the extent generally laid aside for thai object, i he nuaAUii ot sinen,gopui i unporteo; inw this country in the form nfhirliiHr,drillmg, duck, thread, tVc, le hardly credible, as well as of lin-soed fr crashing, and linseed-oifn 4e. 1 Now, whirs provided with so bin nliful a soil as this country it blessed with, and hav ing no rack-rents to psy, the English and Irish farmers have, 1 se no reason why ws should not be exporters rather than importers ol the shove-nienuoneq articles. J he quan tity of oil-cake alone which England would purchase of aa, - would amount to several million dollars. - ; It in wilh pleasure We look round and tee the few Linctl Thread Factories that have sprung ap in the State of New-York and Uonoeetieul within lb past yesror two. There is K, tV. Fsrnain dt Co., of t'ohoes, who re ceived a gnld medal from the American Insti tute lor Tailor Thread, at the last Fair ; the Lancaster Company ; Willimatie Linen Com pany, whose Shoe Thread surpass any iro poited I Smith, Dove U Co., Andover, Mas sachusetts, and several other bhue Thread manufactories all of whom depend more or or es on European countries for supplies of r ial. A Company bas been recently organ, ixed for manufacturing Linen Fabrics t Fall River, wilh a capital of 6300,00(1, and it is lo be hoped many more will follow their exam- pie. J v--' No person who ha aeen die sample of Flax Cotton exhibited by Mr. E. fJ. ICobMrui, 68 Pine street, (on of the proprietors of Che valier Claussen 's patent lor this country.) a Well as of Lluth; lloiscy. &c manufactur ed therefrom ' ia connection wilh wool and with cotton, and by itself, bnt will be at ance convinced of th feasibility of carrying oat th Claussen process in the baited Slates, and be coming independent of foreign importations of the coarser kinds or unen Uoout, and Uie adaptation 'f Flax Cotton to mix wkh wool or cotton. ' v For information regarding the' pmeess of converting Max into Hx Cotton, and the cost ofrolulnixml It, t rcftif ynn to the Mtowmt tocwint tokea from th Londo Morning Chrtnult, dated December 6, 18S1, of an exhibilon of Uie process si the Chevalier Claus sen's Flax Cotton Works al Stepney Green, near Loudon I - "Orxmso or Chvh.ixb Clacsssk's Flax Wona at 8-nrsxr. . . "Hi now alKint twelve month ince-we firat announced the fact of several important rrt vettGrm W critwrtion 'w Hh riM preparation' and manufacture cf Flax, the principal of which was a mode of treatmertt try whicn the fibre eonld be sd prepared as to be spun either alone or in combination wilh eoium, wool, or silk, enon lha machinery at Dresent emnlov ed in the manufcittre of yarn and fabrics form ed of those substances. At that period the ope rations were but experimental in their charae, ter i as, however, tli whole of the ehenrieal , stnd m trit,iWit'vlirv'meessf s -wvs-e fwlly end completely explained I'd ot, wew'ere convinc ed, as well from their extreme simplicity ss from tli beauty of unerring pmciplea upon which they were Ibanded, tat the object sought would ultimately be mo satisfactorily obtained. ' Considering the Immense benefits which the invention, if Carried tnt, would con fer upon the great agricultural nd manufac turing interests, aa well a th ia-onng classes of th eon n try, we Were dispose! to consider the discovery of the Chevalier t 'laussen a one of great national impnrance, and watched wilh peculiar-interest the progress of us reveloproeut. tlur statement ot Ihs suc cesses which suendsd the various experiments were received at first with a conaderable a mount of incredulity by many wlioconceived that they had already attained to lie liienesi state of perfection, snd that further improve ment in the preparation of Flax wat impossi ble. 1 he talented inventor was rilled upon to contend with a larger amount of opposition and difficulty than even usuatly- falls to the lot of those sV-ho by their inrentir genius are the most worthy benefactcr uf a country. "The flippancy, however, ol ome acquaint ed hut auperfieiuity with the subject, who de nied every thing, but disproved nothing; the rashness of other, who, under ihs pretenrw pf excessive caution, condemned without inquiry; t)ie determined hostility of the interested, and the obtusrncss of the ignorant, bsve, however, now almost completely pad away. The Chovalier Claussen Wat evidently not a man to be easily int down.' nor riadilv daunted by trifle, beneath which thoutand of others might have uceumbed. Allhourh, for reas on which we need not now explain, and of Which few are more heartily al anted than the juror lliemselv et, die inventor of . process which would relieve our mantiucturers trom ik.;, nrM.nl tf.il. nfllaiuiJ.MM linnil .ninri countries for the itipply of their raw material; open to our agriculturist a col slant and re munerative market for a new and valuable crops ni jsit In; providing the mean of constant employment for the Uniting popula tion, and a consequent diminution of Uie bur den of pauperism, was not considered worthy in the late 'Great Industrial Exhibition -of a hiirjier honor than that awarded to the exhib- lor of 'a box of sweetmeats' or a txmle of 'lamb't-tail oil, M. Clauaaen, nothing daunted anu conscious oi mv value ui ins mvynoon, quieQy nd nnaidol to fit up with leam and the neceatary pparatu extendve premise formerly occupied w the work-house in Stepney Green, for the pit-pose of illustra ting not only the practicability ot hit plan, but lo challenge the mod searcline investigation into it commercial value. The whole of these arrangement were yesterday completed, snd cards of Invitation were issued, among others, to the following nobfcmen, eminent members of arientific prufostiMis, aad others interested in the promotion al an extended Fslx eultuie in Uie country I Sir Jamet Gra ham, Baron Rothschild, Johr Bright, M. P.. Richard Uobden, M. P., II. Hope, M. I'm J. A. SrriithT"W;"Pi'," Ahlihn Lawrwteer Esrr. (American Minister,) the Iird Mayor, Aldnr a,iain3ii Thompsun. M, r f" tv, j. uooxer, liarl., Sir U. Brown, (or man Museum,) Sir C. Lyeli. Professor 1'araday, Dr. Lllldlevi Dr. I.yrm Plavfair. i'rolcstot Wilson, Morrison, Dillon ii Co., G. Grove, fSocicly, of Arts,) J. U wlaW.fKoyt Agrieul- tural Society.) W. Uunt,f Muoetim of Geology , M l arlane fc Btapley, U. U. I'ortnr, ("oant of Trade,) and numemua others, nearly one hundered of whom availed Uimiselvea oi uie invitation. "The visitors bcran to arave shorur afler twelve o clock, and were introduced In M Claussen in a waiting-room, were Dr. Ryan howly'stewTdsi nd pvepwmvry'to.h4 iminauon ol th work, in a very atleantl in- leresting address staled the msm pmcst of the invention, and upon a . small scale showed each of the- ehemwsl fieooessr ,fic wards examined. Upon leaving this apart ment, the whole body of visitors, jfeaded by the inventor snd Dr. Ryan, procetied to the sample-room,' which wss filled will samples of th bores in earl, of the stages nl aanulac- ture, Bnhleacheu, bleached snd dyed, l every hue and (hade of color, and f.ibru a f various kinds formed of the yarn into which Ciey had been eon verted. They were examined vi ih great interest, ann ai uie request oi oir . KKiser, art km pie selection wa made for dentition in (he Museum of the llolapical Uaiens. From the nam pie-room, Uie visitor anreeded to Uie breaking and eteaning-room.' ii order to the proper understanding of the pooee here adopted, it may be necessary to Mae that Uie stem of Uie Flax Plant, as it correrfnim- the field, consuls of several pccfoctl) ditiiiel parts I I here it the woody substanceat straw which. soppnris Uie plant while grnvug, the fibre which'lie upon Uie surface of tHsitraw, and Ih glutinous and other rrfatlen, which cause Uie fibros to adhere a well lo aee. oth er a to the straw. . Uf these three art, Uie fibre only I th pnrlion required for sanulac hiring purposes. The object, Uiei, of this breakiug or partial clranmir, and wheh may be called th preparatory sugc in tin process, is to reduce Uie bulk and weight of thi material tn be afterwards operated upon, Wv render it tranaport less cosily to the growsr.aid also to permit him lo retain a portion as atlf, useful for mixing with other cattle food l" return ing to the soil a Urge proportion the crop, which hitherto has been entireltabatracted from the soil, or rendered velnet by the process of sleeping. The mantselnrer or person employed lo prepare the Hx for him alto derive an advantage from Iht arrange ment, inasmuch I be M enabled ateep a larger proportion of pure fibre thai formerly in the ateepinf-vda, and the rhenM agent employed, whether fermentative netherwise. are enabled to act more rapidly am more di rectly upon the fibre than when ili whole or unbroken date. It it alio ailalrd in this lag for manufacture into CanvasSail-clolh, Cordage, and other eoarte kindt af)bries. In die same room were two cnttinfnselnne lor reducing the length of the fihretwhen re- quireu lor preparation lor cution au wouien LVj,: e.. -ii i . machinery, , . . l...-.-.. "Having shown the mean by Ihich the Flax, required lor sleeping wa prtired, the visitor were led Into the steeilg-roonis, where lfv Krat)iihiteJ sum lis in the Course of boiling and steeping in (d water. in the unbroken a well at broken all. W hen boiled, the period of operation it bout four hoars; when steeped in cold solutU of caus tic soda, it Is not snfticiently steep! In less than twenry-fonr hours; By the prejnl mode of steeping, the period occupied tie from three days to six weeks. The romps of one of lha val having been sufTiciciitljuoilnl, it ws taken tftrisud- plated M, h(Misiiliil, aeidut-jted with sulphuric acid. Afler drying. the rt.hre waa fined for the further process of scutching snd rleaasiiig. IUmii gone through th whole nf the step required to produce the fibre for the linen manufacturer, the commixing' process was next explained. The Flax having been par lially cleaned and boiled, precisely as in the ease oi ttie long Oore, tt was placed in in nrt of a aerie of six vai containing a cold solu tion of sotla and Water, in which it remained till fully saturated'. ' Thence It was removed into vat No. 2, With a solution of sulphuric acid, were it remained as long as any btl'iMe of Carbonic acid rose lo the surface. )t was in this vat that what is called the splitting riro- ccm take place, and whete the mechanical action of chemtca! forces It so beautifully il lustrated. Tne effect was almost instantane ous. : The character of the Flax fibre became at one changed from that of a dam parg regaled subsumes to a light expansive mas of cotton like texmr I is spseino gmy weompieie ly altered, and the mass, whirh at first lay sunineixcy neneain, grauuauy uoatna . us.e an expanding sponge to the surface of Uie fluid. The h-srjfi wss generally and loudly cheered by all present. " For the purpose of removing any su perilous acid, and to carry th aenara- lion a alage farther, Uie fibre wa iiiitneraud in a second vst of a weak solution of carbonate of soda. It was then ready for washing, carding, and spinning, in lbs aams manner as ordinary cotton. 7 .' .' " , ' ' "A Uiird. equally inleretig and not lest important process shown, was that of bleach ing fibres, yarn, and fabrics. Under existing systems, the time consumed la bleaching a 'piece of linen oeenpiesfroin three weeks to ss many months.: Under Uie Ubevalier Claussen syticrti, the period required ia not mora than many: hour while rtie.chemicjil ingredi. enu employed, so far from injuring Uie niate- i ,.. i -. i ... :.i rial, grrauy impnivo m uuioy, a nv arn. chance in the color, aa in the previous in stance, of the texture of Uie suUstantie, viral warmly aonTaiHreiJr""""" "The bleachini proces feoncluded) th vis itor Were Shown Into the carding-room, where number of machine, tuch at 'devils,' 'carders,' and other usually employed in Uie respective branches of manufacturo, were shown al work. . ' We may state that jute, berap, and vari out other fiiirou substance were ehown lo be Capable of being treated npoq the above pro cess, and that, in answer to several questions, it was stated that -the 'Flax Cotloo1 sna" 'Flag Wool' could be prepared al price not exceediug ii. per pound. . The profit lo be obtained from the prepar ation of FUx Cotton are eucb a . ia offer the greatest induceirtenIS for persons to em hark in the Undertaking, a shown m the fnl lowing estimate uf theioSt of producliod attd value of die article 1 1 ' t ' - ; " Five tons of Flax Straw, at 6t6 30 00 Ingredient employed, Iibor and ' Interest on Capital invested, - 60 0 ll 200 00 On'e Inn nf Flax Cotton, 10c", 1 per lb. Profit on t ton, .ii. ... 600 00 - In Englaml, where they have to pay st the rats of from 613 to 620 per Ion, the cost of production t only 6c, and the market value of it in ihe prepared Mate is 12c, leaving a profit of 100 percent. , , - I am credibly informed thai abundance of Flax Straw ran he had in Ohio at 63 per ton. When farmers find it profitable for ihem tn raise Flax nn accnunl df the seed alnnft, and place no, alue, wpaQ U would Imw within bounds ts base our calculations an ob taining straw fat Flax Cotton purposes st 65. V bu will perceive Uial in the above statement I value flax Straw at 610, which is ihs maxi mum price paid fdf W thief neighborhood.' The Scok-H patent ha been sold for 23, 000; sterling (6143,000.) and from good au thority 1 learn that double that amount has been give) for the rrenca patent. Mr. K. G. Roberts has sold Uie right In this country for the Stales of Maine, Ne;w-Umpshire, Ver mont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, liliode Island, New-York, snd Illinois, snd i herd- tiating With several parties fur other States. Application have been received lor every Slate in Ihe Union, even Oregon not excepted, ' i Allah CAmenofti't . PKOF. EMMONS I.ECTURESa Prof. Emmons delivered Lecture on Fri day and Saturday evening last. They were interesting, Uie latter especially so. Of this, considering th important nature of the sub ject. Agricultural Chemistry, we will endea vor to give a synopsis.':' The Professor began hy recapitulating his lecture nf the previous arming. 11 had there stated that constant cropping, where Uie product were removed- from Uie toil and no return made would result ia inevitable impoverishment snd final exhaustion. ' This is eletrly seen not only from experience, but from s consideration of the nature snd com position of soils. Soils are composed of e variety of element, me in large. Soma In small proportions. Th tormer, such assitex or sand, and alumina or clay, arc com para live-' ly valuless, their principal purpose being to give texture, consistency and subsume to tlr soil. Sand but seldom and clay never . enter into the composition of ither plant or animal. But on the other hand, those elements which tn found in small quantities, such it the phos phates, soda, magnesia, potash, lime, die., are akialuttly ttunM to Um plant upon which men and other animal aubtitt. The seed, end leaf, hone "and nerve, blood and brain, aU contain these element. Every crow dial grow takes up i i portion, of on or more of the4 if eniiul elements; since they exist In small quantities they must of coarse be sooner or later entirely consumed, and whea thia take place, th plant, since they are essenlhd 10 Us composition, necessarily refuse to grow Th system of cropping and rnlinr urere ly postpone thi inevitable result. By rest ing the toil nothing i added thereto. The only efTeetJt thai by the action of atmosphere and other eautM, it element are brought ln ta. a eooditton iw.wiiieli -4hy.ia sw swore readily ' absorbed." Tift" far instance;' sdel should be combined with any of Uie eatsniislt, 11 would be ditunitj"! by the action of Uie at. mosphere and theVssential would be ready to be taken up by Uie roots of Uie plant. This process then, iruneadof preventing th ex haustion, only secures its more complete de velopment in Uie end. Thtn comes Ihe ques tion, Uie subject of Um present lecture, Mow wft.twis swvW.jjwifd.1,jad.prif!edj:i-r The system of green empsi as for instance, clover, bock wheat and peas, does not effect this. The roots of these pmnia, especially Uie first metitioned.slriks deep into the tnrih,and thsre brinr certain elements an" to Um sjirfae end witnin roacn or tn mow or piawi men a wheal avc, which only pennrte the etniaee. Bnt they Uo not add any of the sxpenaire el ements, al potash, sVr, Oypsitm, (pUter of I'aris.) is soraeUise auWsd wltn clover. I hw i good a tar at U goes, since it adds sulphu ric acid and lime, Uie letter of which is an -expensive" element, . while th lorroer fur nishes sulphur to certain constituents of plants. such aa gluten. 1 be formers of n estera New. York ase diie method la ihe cultivation nf wheat, and maintain lliat nelhing further It neceatary, bnt by mrann of it Hi sou will always remain fends, t Fortunately tor them their soil is exceedingly rich, snd aa yet they do noli perhap for a hang time will not dis cover any iniunuue snoots. But In CnrManu, Where the sain system ia pursued, Uie land has become in sow places, what Uie farmers call "clover tiek. Hut ii is really tick from exhaustion sine phosphoric acid and soda hav beeb cousuinly taken away without any return. , . i .'. ', . -j , , - Buckwheat, which as above stated, has been Used lika clover as fertiljxer, farmer former ly thmight would grow well anywhere upon atiy kind of sod. This proved to be a mistake, sine it contained a Urge proportion of Um "expensive" elements, add fur Uiis reason it is well uSed, line Iris roots, by striking deep, bring up for iht Ust uf otbei plants elements which their ro.U Would not dlhsrwise bars reached. - Clover might be successfully iuuvwlueed in to Uiis country. Major Collier, bad succeed' ed well in its cultivation by means of Uie marl Juuudin Urge quantiea upon hi astatav- Oat might be used with clover ia order to protect It Irnin the wind and cold. Iand could be regenerated, and preserved ih a lute tif fertility, by Uie system of ma nuring. ..With. the .ailVcLt.uf JilU't and barn yard manure, all were well acquainted.-, It would be unnecesaahr In soeokiif them'. Ttie excrements of hi wis add boiH Uie expensive and nitrogenous elemeiHt to Uie tail. This substance, mixed with six timet its weight of gypsum, constitutes mm of Uie best rhanures. lie had known it used by a farmer upon fif teen acres, wilh very great success it how ever must nut touch the grain.. Ii rriay be deposited in Ih liill'heneath Uie grain; with i thin layer of earth intervening. . - . "The fluid and solid excrements of men, par ticularly the former, also constitute a most ex ee'lent fertiliser. The fluid .should by aM means bs preserved, especially upon large plantation where th elave are numerous. A hngthead or reservoir of some kind should be kept for its reception. It eonld be carried in a tank upon a low cart over the fields, and spread over them broad-cast, just as water is spread the streets of cities, - Or die hogs head might be carried upon the cart, and nielli be perforated wilh numerous holes clot- by per, until the field designed to be erw richea, wa reaciiea, wnen lliey could be drawn out. Tit i system. has beeii pursued with great success. , There i sn inexhaustible tupply or muck; or peat, which it muck in an advanced atrige of decomposition, in the warn pt and rKarsli e of Uiis region. Itut it requires irtrrte pre paration in ordei to become a fertiliaer. It should be taker) wb'te freatj and moist snd mixed with a little llific. , It should he kept wet, aiiil Uen by being exposed to the alter nations of Keal and cold, by freezing and thawing, i will eventually crumble, be re duced to a powder, and become fit for use, , affpetr ft hot "grtod ferlili xer for 'ptanTs used as food. It does well where the stem or leaf is sought lo be increased, as in the ease nf bay snd fodder, but will not assist the grairi or seed. r " Co'm'th'orinill-'tf'sini icrgftod r fatfiinr' i genor.illy sjppos -d. Wheal and other re real plants not require cliloriim or sodium, Uie elements of which salt is composed, but rather potash, . There i a variety of rriarl id thi reglori ot country, and along the Cape Fear, and thia subttarice may be found lo a greater nr leal extant, from Long Island to Alabains. The most retenl formation, or that wliit b is found, first npnn digging, is the shell or (tone mrl. Th only difference between these two i, that in lb former, the shell arc in ii tale of preservation, in ihe la tier, they have been decomposed and consolidated into sums. The latter it the bttter, since having bred da eompoaed, H is Ih more reidy to enter into tii composition of plant. ; It hat' tli sppear snc of a reddish clay, i apt to be consider, ed such by ths firnlc-r, (nd so to be neglect ed by htm, Dili Ihsl it U mart, may be ea sily shown by pouring sulphuric Scid, com mon vinegar or sny of the acids upon il. It will be f..md Wefurvesca. (The Professor here produced a piece uf this marl and made the experiment.) Underneath, ihif hell and stone mart, lies a marly clay, snd beneath this Uie "green fend" marl:. This lasl sub- anc does not tffervesca upon th applica tion of sulphuric acid because it contain! no time, notwithstanding Its name, il is rather blue than green, snd somewhat resembles' a bluish clay. 1 his substance is generally us ed in New Jersey. In that Stale many plant ation had been reduced to a atate of' almost perfect barrenness, and many farmer were about to leave. Luckily thi "green rin-1" marl wa discovered, and applied, and Che one iierile field now support a luxuriant and profitahl vegetation Marl require p-e- paratiorr belor ll is used; It should be mingled with organic matter tucli as leave or bairn-yard manure, in alierrtal layers, and Uie heap thus formed Should occasionally, say every three or four weeks, be stirred uji with a snuvei or spado, , t Uoneit in probably the best of all fertilisers. Tbeylpify for them in England' 6 or 6 pounds sterling per ton, and for fonil bones, which are less valuable, two pounds ten shillings. Eng land has mads a double use of her soldier w hu fell at Waterloo. (She used Ihem first lo fight her battles, afterwards their hones to fertilize ber soil. The site of thai battle hss never sue been brought into cultivation, but iw rord' wilh-wild,- tsnfrwnd In xtrrbht veg. etotion. Hones most tm grotmd 6r Be, th fiuer, Uie better die immediate results. . They may he scauerrrf broad east over th soil, hut the more usual way is to dissolve lliein in nil of vitriol or water,- and then mix them with nrarl or 4ie, v Don bed sr sometimes found in marl beers, and of eoiirsw ald mreallv to their value. The principal use of bones' is 10 give phosphoric and to Uie soil. . J&lWbVHmHt uf, Uil f Xffemi-Hlj sf ittsde. and used as a marrare with os. r someiiir.es ' attended with good effects. - There are two kinds, lh African and Ihe Peruvian. Tbehmcr is traluablnn account of the ammonia which ll ' enntihui the former on aeeoont of its phosphata nf lime, and is the more vtluabie of the two. Their results depend iipon the eew.ri. If that is dry, they ire sf no apparent use. It is eot a manure with which we would prob- . bly be aalisfied. ( ' , , ., , The Profeeur tf leri touchsd oriori Uie sub ject of special manuring. IT, laid he, w - know what elentetlt Sny plant particularly re. quires, and wish to cultivate that plant, of ' conrs w would seek to supply that element. Turnip reqnira lime eluelty. : : cultiva ting turnips then, we would add lime to the ' oil. 8u we would add potash iff something containing ll for tobacco, die. Tobseco re q1 uitis i very large amoont of potash, snd an- " lets htan obtain it, er if any oilier substance, j as soda, supplies ills Jltaes of potash. Uie to- -bseeo ts not good. : In sdiris plane, flhe name ' of which at present escapes us,) t.ilnceo i i inspected by means nf chemical analysis, and i pronnunred bad if not found tn contain i large quantity of potash. Eh Professor concluded Hy Urging upon th citizens Uie necessity of organization. T Farming wa a subject which colled into ex ereis a great deal of learning, more than -ithsr law or divinity, and associations were -' therefore neoeseary for iis tnor speedy tod ' neeessful ditfusion. A vast number of ex peri mem were to be made upon the adapta- ; linn of manure id ills toll; rid of the soil to crops. These1 eould not. be made by i sing! individual, - There must bit a division of la- -hosv Experimente of difTi-rent kil-s mut he x iiiadx hy ditfiirent lndividuala a nil the results -made known to each other by me a lis of or- ftaissi asnastotion,-- VVhde-wr mwrnal improvement are- going on admirably and lending toward perfection, a system ol home improvements, the Improvement of husband ry, of cattle and of Ihe Mill, should go hand in hand therewith. Inasmuch aa a way id merxei ts opened, encouragement is lurni.n- edlti ralseaUrplrts,by which only the fanner's ' pocket Is filled. This to be sure I tii argil- mrnlum mi homhltm, or -rather sn g'Ufu! - tri ItiS nnekel. hut ll . should bs hilt -of hersna sion. A il m desirable to have a innVii market, to it is more desirable to have one at , borne, snd for this reason the clash, of the , steam mill and Ihe buxx uf machinery ; jliuulj be heard in our village. ,; , ' , 4 , - , At the close of Um lecture aur frinid, Dr, ' Andrews, asked l'mfsror Eiriinons why it was; Ihsl clover would tyring up ' Hers gypl ' torn wa sown, although no clover had tr been near Uie place. 'The Professor replied, i that Ihe soed mutt exist previously in Uie toil sod that they eould perhap he discovered always reqnira Uiroe Uiiug to enable theni to shoot, viz t- light, tlr (nd water, sad wanting mere they, wilt lie lor a long lima ilfirnmiil. f.raait tinea sttriflis from the . dirt Mroiight dp frorri beiioatli the surface el Seed riiust have been ia th dirt. Somtstip- hroadcaal over the earth, and tndy.. Wail hif favorable opportunity to develop ilu-m-selvet; The Professor alluded also to the fact, thai new vaiiclie Of wheat had been reared from seed found in th Calacomb of Egypt, snd which had probably bceiiljiug tlier dormant for centurie. , , . .f G0U$. Tit. , ,. l7"Profeaor Emmons has discovered lllo fossil remains, principally teeib, uf t(elve , difTereiit vHrii-tiesdf the shark, along the bank tif ihe Capo V tiir aiid llie Neuse, lie allow ed us lh tonili uf one of these snimalt, found in Hladeiii neap 1 '.lta.iliel!i. .whinli li Ktvt niiiat Hats belonged to a Cri-atjre nicallring ill length at. least on huridred feel. Tlia iwelb uf tiie shnrk rs n;tHnliiii;l y , kwisn, and . are inlendt-d rather lo lacerate and kill limn to mrtticite Uie victim upon which it preys. It (wallow its food ln,li. It it rather a airtgitlar fact, that Uiis animal is provided wilh several r iws of I h. The teeth of one of ihete row is erect, the oilier inclined inward- ,, ly. Che forrrrer afo lined in seizing the prey Snd the bristling surface presented by ths latter prevents iu escaps If ohe of t!i fofiner is broken nut or in sny tv losL una nf Ihe I.illir situ ited belnW srtil aenumir In . wn'rk upon a kind of li'luga of p'ring, uses ........ ,.. . ! i. f " ,ppi j ih (iiaw. ri, ,, , ,( MPf..tMf!lln'r.V fvP.'l'wrff.-vi'M A valuable luinale scrvent, shout 10 years' of age, the property of E. 0. M'Nuir, I0q. of tin vicinity, ws so severely burnt on Sunday morning U'st, by her dress catching on ere, mat sns men eariy nn Monday. Mie wss einployed in bathing with eampbire sn aged servant sulTcring1 under sn attack of rheu'rhatisnf. Her bock being towards the Um 1,-. l,.ll,n M-.li( mti.l iIia S-.n.-. L...I made considerable progress before she d.aeov .a L.. A lr.i.r : . t. n , : . i. . . IT, I '. ., '-.' neu iroin ins aiieiien to ins nouse, uy which tune she was perfectly, enveloped m flames. Mr, M'Nair hod been induced lo return frotn church before the completion of the eervice, in . siiwhsocs ut in swmios nuipoi tion of his little son. and did what hs could to extinguish the fire, but the servant -was to severely burnt that the physician at once' pronounced her recovery hopeless-. She lingered through Ui night, seeniin-jly in- , sensible to pain, and died at about 7 u'cl ck on Mondsy morning. . . Though it failed to savi lire' life of the servant, it seemed t provideriiial ii'rterferenee that Induced Mr, ArlVair to reiutu1 home; In the room to Which the aervanl retreated ai a bed wuh curtains, and other lieht inlliin mhle materials. Which the pm-n-d near, an I ' woultl greatl have en'dangurcd llie houae if nuns of the white family had been present. lldt. lice. mi. riMMoitK. For t(m oir fear were ntertuined hy th friends if Mr. Fillmore in the South, lhl . he would Wot consent, for his name to go be fore Uie Whi National t'wiventlon. A recent article which we copied from llie !- putHie, howevcr.'gave-nt snms assmra-re thut , lit would yeil.I to the earnest snhciiiout oi hit friends, and we are happy In state Ih it w t have sine received infortunium, from a smirc ; entitled to the utmost eonfuleuen, v. Ut.-.U in. Ihs mailer beyond duht. Mr. I'llimorr," nsme will go before th Convention ; and if the wishr of the South are conao'lnl, v e re lieve he will si-and almost without a mailt
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 24, 1852, edition 1
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