Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / June 23, 1852, edition 1 / Page 1
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I0ITI UKOLm "tarnM ! lalcllfrtuel, nml ai pkpital mnm, hii sf Mr tires Usl few if m intttl.n miWTw Bdlan la Limn. VOL. XLIII. RALEIGH, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 23, 1852. NO. 26. TioiiiUlil.. w TSRst. If !14 strislr to suvaaea, ' -aas f a' at aasl " 5 " 1 AlVIITUi!")'-1 SSr (14 lines) ovstlassrtltss tt, a4 sssta ' ssbwqssnt Insertion. 1GIIC VLTCB1L. rFram PaBow'a Commercial Reiisw. AGRICllLTUKALf PftOGRESS IN VIR GINIA FUR THE LAST THIRTY YEARS. Agriculture in Virginia had then reached! It IOWCl poini Ol oppression, unuci (or exhaasting system of eullivslion which hed prevailed from the first seltl-'meut a system which wai truly a systematic deetructinn of the country adopted in the tint instance by emigrants, in order to obtain the largest tin mediate profit and who were utterly regard less of its ultimate effects, and continued by their descendants, when the tame cause which had iuduced it had ceaaed to exist the land, for the moat part, no longer paid the expenses of cultivation. As s patient who hat undergone a long and rapid processor depletion, and hat little blood left ui yield to the Sangrado practitioner, enrli was the lide water tretinn f Virginia. With audi cul ture aucli impoverishment and the prut peel of a 0ulalion thua situated, society was rapidly declining. It wit will said by Mr. Kuffin, in an address to the people of of his county, that at th it linie . lmntt every man wat growing poorer. ot th primped of his family becoming wnnuuThe grade of ssiciety had been, and till lonlinurd to be, on the decline. The rojpriclms hivinjrnoho ment ol tlicir land", or 01 .ncing rrmunernico for ever so great industry and devotio'i to their basinets thought it as v. ell to bestow very lit tle. Accordingly, like the inhabitants of a city ruvogrd by tti plague, ihcy I h H i; ! 1 1 'more nl present enjoy iucm inttn ot proi luiug rivr fuittre wants ; and there prevailed, gener ally, habits of idleness rod improvidence, of pleasure seeking and neglect of business, with all their necessary consequences." Th population' fled from the country to seek a belter fortune in the distant West. He continues: I lll'rt w:is scarcely a proprietor m my ; neighborhood, mid deriving his income from j cultivation, who dul not desire lo sell his land. and ho was prevented only by the impossi bility of rinding a purchaser, unless at half trie then very low value. All wiched to e!l oolis to buy. If a stringer had been in clined o settle among us, he might have cho sen elmnstanr farm in the county, tinU would scarcely have failed to find the owner glad lo sell, and ul a low p W." The county of 1'rinee Genrce differed but htuV f ronr a H tnrr hi wer prrrr -of -V irgt nitr.r Thcre seemed no refuge from overiy but emigration. Many of the uriaincratic man sions of this hospitable and generous popula tion were now abandoned in silence aiid ruin; and- theformer inmate;- with the remnins of their dilapidated fortunes, made their melan- ehily way to li e Wilds of the West. Many. a field which had descended from generation to generation of the aaine stock, for long ears, an I which had offered In successive lirirs tr -en prospects and r e!i harvests, now thinly chid in broom-atraw and the iinv hen- grass, was given up la the encroaching I'or- In this stale of things, the subject ol our Vetch oiiieicd wt hor rarecf s it fiirn'tei'. ' He wat totally inexperienced, and had nn knnwl - !- nil,., ii ii..il irm r.t -rtr business. Put in this ha diHVred Inn little from older men of tin period in Virginia. He gae himcelf up with cuihusia?in to hit tiirsuil, labored most industriously, yi I la ttred in llieM.irk, and, of course, often went Jtray t srjinrlinics in pursuit of one "ignis fa 'una," and sometimes of another. He taw clearly that the prevailing systems and prae ricrs of eulture weie wrong, and wandered Own experiment to experiment to discover what wat true. Of en midiken in views t doplcd "a p iori," he toon letted them by arufii4perhneul and rigid indurtion. Many invcsliguiions, thut pursued for a teiiet of year by one whose ligie . piwer equalled his industry, naturally and inevitably led lo grent refills. "Iibor vincit omnia," tayt in Mantuan fanner. C The estate of Cnggin't Point was, at that rime, extremely oor, the larger psrt not aver aging more than ten bushels ol corn per acre. Nor more than six bushels of wheat, on the better half of the land. Bordering it, nn the river, wat a tide-marth'of three hundred a e?ni covered by water when the tides was up, but ltd free when the tide was low. One f the first of Mr, Rnffin't experiment wat to reclaim this part of the marsh. He limn, hii hit efforts lo about thirly-two acres, the moat favorably litfiated, at he believed, to en sure success. After five long years' exer tions, he succeeded in draining this small sec tion, and bringing it into good culture. It produced three very large erupt of eorn, then three other lest and lest in ouanlilv. when lite vegetable soil had to roiled away that the level of the land wat row too low for culti vation, and it wat abandoned to it former element. Such hat been th fat of every fTort of similar kind on toils of similar character. About the year 1813, Col. John Taj lor, of Caroline, puhlubed bit "Arator." It wat received with enthusiastic eclat Ther wa general belief that h had discovered Uie great tecret of improving Virginia soil, and many anxious farmers now lejoieed, s lite veinnest tossed sailor on the first sight of land f-er t perilout voyage. Here wat preset t d core for their miafortunes j they might re-misoa-their eld homestead and retrieve their hattenid fortune. 'J'h principal feature in k system was th proieeiioaof the land Jrona grazta and making the vegetable terse ' U auanure. Another, and secondary iilps. JigaLlli land into ItigIwidsr-hrcnK Tireiing th com tamp, by deep plowing. Mr. . i ... j . . . . . ' . . umuu uctimic sn anient aumirer of "Arator. and adoptrd lua opinion and precept. lie had Bol yt learned thai the inorganic le taentottf oil, tl mineral ingredients, are flea deficient, and sometime one nr mort ranatMtet by auliivalioo, aometime' not fiira tbl by nature to the virgin lands, ami that , ibsu foi.W.gmwilt wm not furnish them, lie at one earned into practice ilia aew ides. J" wicra 10 uie test of eiiwrimeni- for four or Ar rMn k. naJ m .L. - - . - .r - w" mi 1110 iiiCsMlS - .mprovomenl rscommended. sod found ?M .tiilsi. fmmim:-mmf PHWM, or absolutely, and in ouie car groat v. ii,,,.. i a Whit then was to be done I He Wat 1101 ih man to despair, save in srtspernle cue But circumstance termed singularly to con cat in establishing the belief that any perma-fda nent improvement wat hnpele- putrescent manure, when applied, disippeared in the course of two or three years, and left not a ves tige behind. The country seemed destined to sterility. Indeed, nature h id made barren a great portion! of fhe tide-water country, and her decree was trrereraible, with the present elements of the soil. Tits virgin land, when first stripped of the primeval forest, would in many localities scarcely pay the expenses of cultivation. And yet this soil bad received the dropping foliage and the-decaying timber from the time of the Hood. It is not too innch to say, that one hundred leet in depth of putrescent matter had been piled on its surface, and had rotted there in the lapse of years, and yet the soil had remained etill poor. . In this exhibition of nature herself, was found an answer lo Col. Taylor's theory. An application of vegetable matter might re store lite soil to its original pioducliveness, but no more. To make an improvement be yond this point, soma change must be made' in us mineral constituents. But at that period little was known in this country of the science of agriculture. The investigation of its chemistry had just com menced in England by Sir II. Davy, who had entered aa a pioneer the vestibule of the S'iriici.anJ raised his tnrrh to dispel ihejdense darkness which had thus far enveloped the whole subject. While Mr. Ruffia wat me ditating on the last remedy for sterile land remo il to the,., W tat he received a copy of l)av)'s JigrirulturtJ VKtmiatry, which had beea juit publihd ia tii oonntry . -He read it with peculiar intent, though not acquaint ed with chemistry. It was obtiou that, tl least, the true philosophical mode of examin ing questions of agriculture had been reached. In lite perus.il of this author, theie wa one stall lneul wh ell eated lo afford' some hope. As an illustration of the chemical de- fccts4f land and Iheir remedies, he adduces an esatjilo of the soil of apparent texture hiili was seui him from Lincolnshire by Sir Joseph Banks, ns remarkable for sterility. Upon uii.Jytitrg it, he found il continued sul phatu of iron, hs toppenis of lb shops I and he out red Ihe obvious remedy or lop drcsslug with lime, w hit h converted the pois onous substance into a manure.. Il occurred to Mr Ruflin that the soils of his section might be like the specimen of Sir Joseph Banks. They were of "good appar ent texture," and they were sterile, and they alwatt had been so. I'utresceut manure made, no permanent un;irnveiiieit. Might no lliesame poiaunoussubstaueeexist in them? lie immediately applied a proper test, but it disclosed mi sulphate of iron. Thissiin potiuon," ilVeTiTriusT be tiiamToned. Uui ipight not siiine other suhstance, equally del: etcrious, exh t f Might there not be tome a cid ? lie was induced lo prctcnt thit ques liun io himaelf, aiul to iuclme to Ixdiovo tho alTirmaliic fioui anvcral circumstances. He sa j s : - JTfrese -weiT,-first : 'Thar C rta1rTfilanfs known to conUiin acid, at she'p sorrel (the nimcx aceloru) and pine, preferred these soils, and indeed were almost confined to them, and grew there with luxuriance and vi gor, proportioned to th unfitness of the land for producing cultivated crop. Second: That of all ilie soils supposed to be acid, which I examined by chemical leet, not one contained! any carbonate of lime. Third: That Ihe jllpifpgll"a "I my land, i of all within the range of my observation. .which wat shelly, and of course calcareous, i was entirely free from pine and sorrel, and moreover was a remarkable for great and last in ferlili y,sa the land supposed lo be acid fm the reverse qualities. Shells or lime would necessarily eotribine with and destroy all the j previous properties of sny scid placed ic. con tact; and therefore, if, acid wer present j universally, and acting as a poison t.i culti vated plants, it seemed plain enough why the shelly lands were free sWrii ibis-bad quality, and by its absence had been permitted to grow rich tnd continue productive. Still I could obtain no direct evidence of ilia pre seure of arid, either free combined, by applying chemical tests to soils, nor wit there any authority in my oracle, Davy' jjqricul tural Vheinitlry ; nor any other work which I had read, for tupposing vegetable acid to be present in any toil." Dul without any auiharity from rhemisly, and in spile ol hit own failure to detect any such element in soils, by mesns of tho imper fect analyses which he attempted, he felt a very strong eonfileuee that such did exist, and that il wa live cauae of th sterility of the lands and their incapacity for durable im provement. If hit views were true, lime lunitthed the appropriate remedy. Fortu nate!; , the beds of fossil shells which under lie nearly all the tide-water'; section of Vir ginia, and tho adjacent Stale, presented the material at hand to lest th truth of bis theory. lie began operations in February, 1818, and applied between on hundred and twenty-five and two hundred bushel from one of these beds per acre, to two ana a hall acres of laud. Hit anticipations were tinguine, and he watched with anxiout interest the progress of the experiment. The marl, as il it commonly called, contained thirty-three and, onc-lkiid per cent of carbonate of lime. I h land waa planted ia eorn, snd when th plant were only a few inches high, their tperiority over the adjaoeni corn wa mani fest Thit continued and increased Ihe crop advanced, and when die crop wa gather ed, it waa found that the increase wat forty per cent. That ol the wheal crop, which suc ceeded, wat ttill mora. Thit tuccess on a small area wat followed by extensive appli cation! of marl front ear to year; and each application tetlified lo Ui truth of hi theory. tnJ"ciUll)' III III toil Wit neuirauscu, men- ry. I he acidity of the toil wat neu. rained, thj arid plant and acid pines diaappeared, the land improved from yar to year Th lime afforded food for th plants, mediein to the soil, and gave permanence to ho ma aures. The retenliv rapacity wbh'k had bean inferred from the fact dial th most fer tile and durable soil known wer i highly eal eareous, wat manifested by -the marled land more elearly each tueeeedinr year. Mother earth chanted her face, and changed her eon. dilution, Bnder th healing isfloeswe of this Hlutanr medicament, and now presented tn appsaraiict at difTorent froin tier former aalT, at th healthy and robust man from the ling. erinj and licirbc victim of tontumptlon. Verdant fields tad abundant harvests were ilia monuments of km diacovery. Broom- atraw (and ropagon) and poverty gra (ansti gracilis gs place lo luxuriant clover, and a poor, thin and stunted vegetation disappear ed from the now smiling landscape. When Archimedes, m hi bath, discovered that a body immersed in fluid loses as much in weight as'ihe weight of an equal volant of fire fluid, and detected by means of it how much alloy an artist hart fraudulently added to a crown which King Ilicro had ordered to be made of pure gold, he is said lo hart been so overjoyed, that, "accoutred aa he was," he plunged into the street, crying Eureka, Eu reka!" Dr. Riilenhnuse, when he saw the tranait of Venus over the tun' disc, fainted with excitement. Or. Franklin, when he discovered with his little kite the identiny of lightning and electricity, is aaid to have expe rienced emotions of great intensity. The Virginia fanner had greater cause for rejoicing, excitement am' exultation than either, for he had not only eitettdev) the boundary of sci ence, but had mtde a discovery which added million to lite productions of his country which would arrest the declining fortunes of his hiaie whn h would feed the hungry, give comfort to the indigent, and afford the means of improving the condition of thousands of his rai'e. In 1819, Mr. Ruffin made a communica tion lo the Prince tieorge Agricultal Society on '.he subject of his discovery, which formed the basis of his work entitled "An F.stay on Calcareous Mar.uiea," published in i6'H If is to he regretted that th limits of this sketch will not permit the, iutcruon Jicr of. that communicaiitHi. It is the nucleus of the ssy lit the latter prudiiciiuii.' The priiici" plea maintained, and which Were then for ihe first tunc prumulgaled in an independent wot k, and supported by facts and arguments, are the following: I. Ihe capncity of soils for betni enrich- ed permatienily by putrescent manures is only j eouai lo uieir tn initial or uaturtil ueirrec u I fertility 9 The absence of carbonate of lime al most universally in the soils of the Atlantic slope of Virginia, and by inference of most of I he oil er Stales, and most Irequerll v even in. what are called limestone soils; - 3. The general presence of some vegeta ble acid in all the naturally poor soils in the district above relerred to, acting as a cause of sterility. 4. The applicstion of carbonate ef lime to neutralize ihe arid, and hy that and olher ef fects to prepare the land for speedy and profi table improvement. These principles were maintained wilh great ingenuity and ability, and made thetrl way rapidly into public, favor. They are !0-Wene.rahj basis of agricultural improvement throughout the . extensive , section of Hie couulry - far which ihey were intended. The chemists have detected huinic acid in the toil ; carbo nate of lime is acknowledged to be; generally : wanting in the slope of the Atlantic Stairs; and it" is equally admitted that t icqHsjd.cr.aJJc. mixTureor'"rfie calcareous elements is an essential ingrcdieet ill all fertile and durable soils. The essay was snoti eagerly sought ivory w here discussed and wrought a powerful ef fect on the convictions and practices, of ihe proprietors ol Eastern Virginia. It passed through three editions' Though the cultiva tors of the soil are proverbially slow iu chang ing their usages, in liiis instance the new ideas larger numbers were engaged' in marling. Men who before had made only a few' hun dred dollars from their annual crops; were now found continuing op their thousands. Agriculture had become profitable a pros pect was presented of comfort and wealth to the farmers of the country energy and en tei prise succeeded to indolence and idleness, and now it was no longer necessary to look for homis in the western forests for them? salves and their descendants. In an appendix to ihe "Casay on Cleare ous Manures," is in extract from th journal of th Cogging't Point Farm, thowing the an nual cropa made from 1813 In 1852. From this aource we learn that in 1818, when the ftrtt experiment in marling wat made, the crop of wheat on that estate was 450 bushels sndlhatof corn, 2,60 bushels. In 1843, the product of wheal wa 4,723 bushels; that of corn 4,079 bushels, Tho quantity of ara ble land in the beginning was 474 acres, but thia was afterward increased, by clesrincs of extremely poor land, to 832 acres, which di minished the general product per acre. In continuation of these detail of success. w svsil ourss Ivel of the moat reliable infor mation to present soma evidence of the in crease of products on the M .irlbouriie estste, on which Mr. It. now reside. This laud ia. for the mot part an alluvial flat on the ahor of th Pamunkey, origiually fertile, but redu ced by injudicious tillage lo start of great mpojrenshment. In 1844, Mr. It. removed lo thi estate. We are informed that the ordi nary crop of wheat for a- considerable lime previous, dill not exceed 1000 bushels, but we hsve no information as to corn. In 1845, alter an application th year previous ol 07 875 bushel of marl, th crop of whrat on 1 34 acre wa 1,977 buahela; that of corn on ili acre l,60u bushels. In 1848, afte.- the lapse of only three years, the wheat crop reached ' 5.127 bushels on 354 acre, ana that or corn S.G80 buhels on 108 acre. This vasl im provement much mora than duplicate of product, indeed nearly tripl wa effected without any other ferulixing tuhsunr but the marl, th manure furnished by th crop, ami clover (own upon the land. Th profit! up on tint estate, lucludtng price of land, labor, stock, and every thing necesatry lo it culti- vatio'i, were in 47, within n fraction of 23 per cent on the whole investm'ntL iu. '4fl. little upwards of ?0 per cent. Nothing being I tlid in thit eiliiHite of the increase hi tin ret 1 ueoftha farm, which i certainly "ow worUi three time at much it it wa four lean ago. .. II ha teen bit effort crowusd wilh suc cess, it is principally a tie in in exeiuoas dial Virginia is going II trough a process ol rapid improvement such a has bet n rarely, il ever neiore wunesseu. emigration nas km die most part ceased; ler on may now find aboudanl sources of prosperity at bom, j nr eeneu of 1859 show aa uteres in Ui vat ue of th land of Eastern Virginia sine 18- ti:'at 23 million of dollar. Not oven thi amount a fair estimate of tha real enhance men'.. The high price of labur, r-Jjubud hr the Southern markets, tapt dowa tlio prufiu of th ferruer upon th oapiul invested, and, of course, depresses iha value of th iand. In an addreess of Mr. Ruffin to ni friends and neighbor of Princ Gaorg. 184:1, who had assembled to do him honor, ia th presen tation of a service of plate, h contrasts their present condition with what it wa twenty fire years hrfore. Tl former part of the picture has been be fur adverted to in this sketoh ; in the latter part he tayt: ' "In all of this, my old neighborhood, and. so far ss I know, through th whole country, not one individual, after begin .ing to marl, has emigrated or desired to emigrate. The prices of lands hsre har greatly increased, though lest than Iheir true value. But I know not how to estimate the rat of increase, be cause sale are now mors rare than ever for merly ."though for the opposite russon. Then it was thst nobody would buy i now, nobody will sell. "I know nowhere a more industrious and steady, thriving' community thsn is exhibited in the present occupants of these lands. " VI" mong them, I believe, it would be difficult lo find a young landholder who is not attentive to his business, induairious, and thriving in hit operations j and if seeking pleasure leas than his predecessors, finding it far more suc cessfully in steady attention to the cultivation and improvement of Itj frm. And this change, and'all the results and benefits, econ omical, social and moraf, are mainly owing to this one 'circumstance, that every man has now presented to him, in certain 'prospect, a full aud sure reward for his labors " . V.u;.t-U here . affirmed, of lb "orffr-of Prince George, is, Ii a very great extent, true of 4t Virginia below-WremOuntaina." -Mr Rutin has thus enriched hia State by h i labors enriched hit friends, his neighbors and himself. Hi iudi libit impress is made on Virgin! i, tnd lime mutt strengthen it His ninnpment is truly mora lasting thanxtand. hra. for it is the soil of his stale. He has -J"n! rass no os ui wo sveii oi nts rounirv. ins memory win oe el erished with gratitude, when many of ihoae who occupy to much f the public attention, ai.d who are ever parading before the popular gaze, shall ccao ! exirt in the r tco.;ction of man; when their evansnenl honor ahall have pavsej away wilh the excitement that gvo them birth, and tike the consumed can dle, their light shall have vanished forever. I' KINS AS A FERTILIZER. K Practical Farmer," in th Germmitoten TtlegrapS, says, that th very high degree of value that arm possesses ought to recemmend i t. every one. Of the ferulixing effect of ur.ns in puuid or semi-putrid ut,.xperi ea - hat supplied ui wilh Iht motl distinct and p!ilLvil.4)iQuX In-thi-4itioii the slimem tary properties with which it is endowed mtfst all rtsull exclusively from lb amount ( salts il conkiius. Resides these, it also cor tain a considerable amount of organic nitrogenous parrs, wh.ichx.by.jlecomwwtiiin 'peoducs) ll fiirinatio'i of ammonia, which is the source of the ".iii.ijriMirnuus.pwximale- plants." The question has been frequenily propounded, "whether, rWe are lo ascribe the known value uf urine us a manure, to ita ni trogenous constituents, or solely lo its amount of sails, and, therefore, lo its phosphates J" This euqiiirv may be one ol interest to the spt e ulatisl and the philosopher, hut lor Ihe mora practical firmer il i enough llist Ihe evidences of its fertilizing effects are obvious and incon Iriivf flihie. " Ifit will confer fertility upon the toil, tnd re lit Ihsgrtst Bhjsstnfsll eaperi menial culltvalion K-ausing "two blades of grass to grow where but on grew before" the object of the culturist will be accomplish ed, aud lh question a tp th origin of it fer tilizing energies may be left to the chemist and philosopher lo decide. In the summer of 1812, I applied to twenty hills of Indian corn, when just starting from ihe soil, one gallon of putrid urine per hill. ' After the first hoeing another gallon was ap plied and after the second IbirrtV Thi eorn was planted oa ill in, poor soil, Which had been emasculated by long and tvre cropping, and had become so far xhsusted of humus as not to produce even a (air crop of indigenous wjeed. The growth of Uie corn wa rapid and luxuriant. No other itimulut wtt appli ed, and two hoeiiigt were all that I allowed. On a patch of cucumbers, melons and squashes, I also applied tho same wilh timiliar success. One grunt advantage attending the us of this liquid es a fertilizer is, it due not promote the growth of weeds, ootid excrement nd most, if not all the com pound feitilixers, con tain innumerable teedt which take early root and hy gaining an much upon th more tardy cul'ivated crops greatly perplex tha fanner hut urine it free from thi, It will, it it true, invigorate equally with th cultivated plant all f.cli jurious production as may hav previ ously taken root hut it applicstion will nev er foul the soil if pure before it is applied. For irrigating gr laud it is probably th most energetic, fructifying and salutary agent known. - .' In ilt perforUv faith, state, urine does not set so anergeucaJly, and it rather harmful than otherwise lo most species of vegetation. I hav applied it in thit condition, and bar never witnessed sny good from it on any crop. Putrefaction ia indispensable lo give to it those highly fructifying propertiea which, in thi slate, tt I so well known lo posses. Fell- l.oldt, in his Agricultural Chem'utrtf, ex plains th rationale of thi, in Uie following manner i "Now," says he, "if you consider thai du ring the putrefaction of urine, It i;itr wenous compound, such urea and uric aeid, ar transformed into earboue'e of ammonia, a vol atile ubstsice, which escapes into Ui air it ill b ten l that unless it ltpplid belor th process hat becora too far advanced, Iha principal fertilizing constituent will be lost alfor il ia to these that its efficacy ss t stlmutui of vegetable life prineipslly hetongs.H Wtian clrroratiancns render it necessary to preserve thi liquid for a length of time on hand, before applying it it it a good plan to mix gypsum witli it to attraot and 6 this fertilizing but volatile conatiluent. The urine of cattle should be conducted by 1 system of spout or lobe to th manure neap, or lo de posits ol muck, loam, or sows other ibtorbrnt subitanca, which wdl lake it up and retain it by ihe assistance of gypsum, or tome other "fixer," till wanted for ihe benefit of the crops. That nrm aontaint a large amount of animal mailer, nv be proved by th fact that, of all th olid portiims of ihe liitmao ytem, lhro ui a aomptsle exhaustion and renewal once is every (even yssrs. That it, lo he more defin i: th man, ataa pr child of to-day, has Men eonslitotsd kit frams sere year ago. The old, worn and abraded particle, aa they b eonis utdes and detached, an passed from th constantly renovatinj organism, and re mostly to b found in the Brine, These con stitute a very fertilizing tgent, and to them, principally, ar we to refer th turpruing re sults which attend th application of this sub sumes a a manure, or stimulus of vegetable life. As In ii effect when used forirrigating great lands, allow snt lo present th following extract from so English work ! "From a meadow, which had ol been ma" Hred, 80U0 lbs, of hay were obtained. The rf ce, sfter irrigation with urine, yielded 1 1,434 lbs of hay ; thai is S.43 lb, mora. In this country, equally beneficial result have followed tho application, and in one or two instances llrtTilrtpreaae of product considerably exceeded lVsbov given. To very one, therefore, I say economise your liquid ma nures : ii it an article far too valuable lo be overlooked or lot." APPLICATION OF I.1ME TO THIN SANDY LAND. . Slake Ihe line with salt brine j when it falls into powder, mix with avary 35 bush Is of it 1 0 loads of clay, layer and layer about; throw it into bulk, sod lot tt remain two or thte week. In the meantime, m inure, plow and harrow th land, then shovel over the compost, so ss to intimately mix the lime with the clay, and broadcast eleven load of the minors evenly over th surfjc of each acre. and harrow ai cron harrow . ,s wtioii ui land will be fit lo races Ihe crop which you miy intend it (or. If Inne bf thus applied to fiw $aiidu land, ten loads of pit treacen! manure will actually perform more positive good, than would twenty loads a null ed without th addition of the clay, provided a bushel of plaater per acre b towed ovr the APPLICATION OF LIME TO STIFF CLAYS. To stiff clays, that may have been exhaust ed bv long continued cropping, which may needimr, 50 bushels of lima may be applied per acre. If unslaked, il will be th better by being slaked with tall brine. If tlatttd, w would mix one bushels of sail wilh every two bushels nl limn, layer about let il lie in hulk, undercover, for three months then shovel it over, and apply it lo th land after tl has been plowed and harrowed, at the rat of 60 bushel of the aalt line per aere harrow ami cross-harrow ii in, and finish by rolling. .tppliratioit of Limt lo Stiff Clay; Sick in Vtgetahlt unJJtnimal Matter. To inch land, double the last named quantity will be found beneficial y thrmgh;1or prWe'hT purposes, one-half the quantity would answer,nd prove vucctiTs mr seveiai years. . WOOL GROWING AT THE SOUTH, J T. . l. it . ., - , . .- ... - - i... i a sir.ujrs wiaiuaiton, anoone rattier re-1 euliar to the Mouihern country, that with a not in hit physical structure on psrtklt ofjrliinaui tnd wrmVnr TarrrttrtTheirtiJa p) oiirinsV we should he so little inclined to diversify our labor, and thus bring out our whole resources. . lis mania for cotton raising it to very nni renal, thai to stranger visiiing our eon n try II would seem that tins was all Ih itcoulJ be don and nur only resource. Such an on in view of the embarrassments resulting from o sr pro dtict.ons, would b aatonished to learn that wheat and ssBsrn-tV' Ty;rwrT btrlev, tnd nay, all could he raited here with ihe greatest d acrlieuun I list nil srauiry m earth afforded more facilities for manufactu ring, and we may tdd, that we doubt whether any can b found presenting more advantages for sheep raising on a large scale. We pro pose to demonstrate tint truth, and bring 111 illustration a near horn at possible. Ws published in this number th observations of a successful and already distinguished wool grower in Tennessee. W might point lo other evidence, making the practicability and success oi in enterprise sure, we hsve, oat- selves, proven It nn small teals. For seve ral years ws hav kept about two hundred hsad of theep on our farm, for family and plantation use. These have been kept al little eosl, and eomparaUvely little care. Th pine woods in th summer sflording ample sunohes and a little extra provision in th winter being all mat wat necessary, j fits n proven ry conclusively what might be done by nvik ing a business of il in our vaat pine forest thousands or acre may be had at a very in Ainreott With such a location, il would be no difTl cull task, by carefully penning the sheep at night ti enrich n sufficient quantity of land to inska tnfpl supplies of com, peas, potatoes. and turnips, tor lh support of th establish ment and else to provide green paslurng for th ewet is lambing season, tot a very large portion of the yeir, in a el i mate so mild, very smple grating would Oe lourd in III woods. If we were a litile more familiar with the practical details of thit business we would at tempt lo demonsirsl the advantage of sheen husbandry, by entering into estimates of ihe outlays of capital, the-ineidVntiil expense, and th returning profit ot Ui investment should not fear compaiison with the best managed cotton plantation. We ha looked into thit mailer far enough in saiisfyourminds that th balance would be decidedly in favor of the sheep. Such are our convictions of the correctness of thi conclusion, ami of the practicability of th business, that il cirrum (lancet favored It w ahould feel inclined to thow our faiih by ot r work. The common observer is misled in Ihe estimates of thit bus iness, by the poor, neglected, thriftiest little flocks, aa teen about most plantitiout, which re left lo wander in aearch of fond, nricared lor, n lo he scattered and killed by dogs. dui w win euppos proper arrangements to be made shepherd, does. and. all lb provi ded, and a Hock of ten Utousand well (elected tn.lwell tttrnded ihecp placed In th midst of one of our gresl pine forest. : Thi look pretty large, but no matter it would be well for th threp if alt now in the State of Geor gia belonged In one good master, who waa proposing to make them th object of his cars and attention.' These, with lit iicesstary lauJ for pasture, and amplt tuperintendenU, would require an out-lay of espiiaU certainly aut beyond iwsiity-five UiovmhiJ l.tilars. W think il would be rouceded that for wool slime, fifty cms 1 hsad would be realixeil, al one dipping year. Thi would make Is ihoussnd dollars. W will say nothing 'ffJi? fK?K m!jl!wn f. . JJ'tk ..mijc Ut. sitisatw by tli introduction of unproved breed. Her ar doubtless large addiuonsl profit which weajllii'H now undertake to caumate, but throw them in hy way of rood measure. The I capital which w has designated, would start . a cotton plantation, with th proper quantity of land, and thirty aegmea, twenty of whom shall be worker, and th mule. Ve neces sary for it cultivation. If th provisions for I be support of the farm ar made, on hundred bale of cotton, of five hundred pound each, will bo a vary fair averag product. W now leave yon to draw the comparison, and form your own conclusions. 5i oftkt South. . Pro th Sad of th Sod Ik. IRISH POTATO SLIPS. Ntaa CiToosA SeaiKoa, Ox., April ii, loSS. KniTon Son tub Soptm i " P to your April suinber, page Jt9. 1 notced direction for keeping th Irish potato aftor digx'ng. Your direction Br go,4. M) pUu isaomewhil different, and ha proved very successful. Mix two bushel of char- aval with one huahW of sir slacked lima lor every 60 bushels of potatoes, and tpriukl th mixture through the potatoes immediately after moving them from, th field, la that way you may ksefsthem perfscdy soand a til th apriiig. .. ... -., ' Inasmuch as seed potato ar widtdiffienl tv obtained at any prrco, I have been planting the Irish potato fur the last tliree year by drawing the dips, anJ find thai ihny produce in thi way quite as well aa th Yam potato. On bushel of Irish potatoes planted in thi way, win prouue more man two bushels yon do lb Yam, draw tit slip, open a wide furrow with Uie pluw.. and plaw 4su ia 1 n H tinrrisonial plan, t yon do (rap cuttings, leaving from twrt to four inche of til lop out of the erounj. ' Mr. Cobbet in an essay on th Irish not to crop, written in 1818. predicts that il will eventually tall,-To mi Opinion w dissent I h Irish potato u a nattv of America, where it grows wild, and waa transplanted in Europe wner ii Occam an indispensable arth ls of loot!, and where it hat been cultivated with great success under forced culture. Neither i th Irish potato a aativ of th Northern Stales. And yet W hv been hewer df wood and drawers, of water to th Yanks until w hav rurgottoN when to dig our own potatoes v now lo save them. ., Pitrctsiiv now forces n lo chance our scstem of seri culture. 'J'h original (toclt potatoes has be come exliauaied. . Wt uuti renew it Draw from your present crop, dip or sine when Irura H to 10 uwhes long I plant a btlor de scribed, in good loons fees soilt gather your potato appira or Balls, and you mil sul a fresh start By drawing the alinsx Vou rut clear fthe,r)ajrcrU mtlato-Wiiir potato apple will probably produe senml kind of potalor. and premium of HI 00 by the Southern Cenlrnl Airiculiursl Souietv. would probably briag Ihe energy of our far mers to bear on this tubject, and bring to no )WlitifrimnW JsfitHjjihiit out- jranplq' ttw not 'nprerintt the re andluiportanc of seed raised on our own foil in our own climate. .Th Cincinnati Society ha offered such a premium for the best seedling strawberry. . i ; I live in agrap grow ing,-grain raising and vegetable and frnil country, in tight of th Ca toosa Springs, where my experiment may b teen by Calling. ... , . t- , I ruiurit mv UuinW to y s fw rh-nff OH th South. It is just such I'wiodieal as will pro.rt tirtricnltursl interestj. sUhtlT' fTrHrfr; TTi7irrrtu;;:7 : ...it:itr ti.v.trt tirmff irB"--w3T n a SrnTfH. TTiop to J J seve.7Tnew sulmiribers Id yniifttttt, ' ! ' '', ;'.;" ,,' ;, ' Yours, truly, " v WILLIAM MURRAY. rrom tbs il of ths Sasuh, IMPORTANCE OP PERSONAL AT- , TENTIONS. , . " , Ms. Eniro i It ws on of th wis (ey ing of that greal philosopher, Dr. Franklin, "If you want sny thing don well, go if not send," I here is in this a in moat of hi saying great pracuca! Truth and in it oh-! servanrt) uiueh, voxalioa and disappomrmeni wouliLbe avoiiled, and- much real pin be re alised, la nobusln is it more applicable Uian ihal of pluming tnd in none are it eon-1 sequenct mot disastrous. Ourt it abusiiHii which ha iit lime and it tsuiuns, in which we must sol proinpdy for lit opportunity once alighied never returns. How important ihal it will be well improved I - The man of esse aye t his negro, go plant Ui crop," trusung too often lo Ail discretion or fldi jity. The season for planting passes the wheat or ihu-swls, coin up ton lliin or too thick or either, by Vurua here loo much have been sowed, there too lilUe The com, somehow, doesn't eoine badly drnpicd ten grains in one hill, noil in th next on hand covering loo deep, another scarcely hiding from th sight of th first bird that passes ihal way I seated ef a breakfas', The cotton teed dropped in buache lu re handful, ihere a skip. The happy negro care not it is all th saint to him whether bis good stand or a had one. lie perhaps is looking out for Uie ap proach of th ovsrreer, or is wslching th flighf of birds, nr perhtpt (till more happy in the op. r.'d'uiiity of making up for low of sleep the night ocfor nodding whn..hi aliouiivnt are all weeded in the execution of hi work, 'Tis awdly done, box. thi fatal 'discovery it never revealed ontii the ead' dory of failure in th coming ep is manifested. It is then too late all Ui abus and blus'er common to Mich oreationt cannot, repair th injury Day muy he appropr aisd to re-plsnunir. which srs senled boul other work still th evil exists, and the fate oft the crop i UxeJ, ind th lias of the ) r i ih eunsnqueiice II for sending, instead of going.' Tha fences are to he repaired the ruder is given the negro gne to his work, In l Uie overseer re mains tu luk lus ana or goes lo seek his pleasure tit emuloymi hi Insist.. .The work is done, sod mid-season when Ihe crop is growing, sud th work U pressing some unmannsrly brill, or longed uo I old sow, takes fancy that better fare would he found inside than outside the iiiclosure, aud accordingly enir,kiddingsll Uieir friends we'ooiu. 'I'tien come a fuse negro i snd dogs. r paraded, the intruder ate ejected, bet not ontii ther hav got a -arete not soon in be torgotten. Thi storm works nil in curs - I. ..n H (lu, .MM oessar hvmsh.k ih. stamssw ln. lo ih. the negro, for hi Unfaithfulness, bin I'b eotton it now up, snd needs thinning lo a sUn J, . The negroes, srs, set hwt-ajietne.-1 ear stayt. W need hardly a'selch the pic tore; you hav (ten it. Th puor n werut sud ihe lire bar . maoy u laid al their door for which they will never haw ta account Th slvnd ia spoiled, and th crop is lost H for the. want of going, instead of sending, to hav an delicate task performed. This ort of satnaemsnt is fun to th ersaa. ' sTsai inly having to, tower lu bead a Htlra sndauomtt m a little dusting and is toon a your hack is turned to com up with great boldness than ever traia. Th diflsrencei - betwsea the labor of (pmd work, and bast t vary Imle. but tl result are vastly different alt for the want of th master' ' eye. The mule hsv plowed hard all day, ; when they are retsmed to their ttablt for ret Md food. Th evemrer joe hieppeT ' and soon to bed, whil he send ihe plow maw to do Ui businese of feeding and watering. ' Corn I thrown In profusion to-night tnd the poor animal, perhaps upon thart aUowanv ' th night rx-loeo, eat a perfect gorge, Btvd hi ' hi fullness and heal from ih doebl port may of corn in hi stomach, "thirsts for cooling wtier brook.' where hi erwpleie the work of desth. Colio omie on, and th mule Is lost and th mailer end all wonder what could hav produced it ' All for aeading n4 not going. Th etil gn astray, Ih hog re lost the meat-hous it empty, lis provit iont wastsd, and s thousand aainslest ill en ue, just because Sambo or Torn rent trnl I era . aware that peihap I am reading a lecture to those who do not ttceJ it. For I would fain hope that I hav not Jii any of til reader of ' thi jimmai. Il 1 ahould have done so, how over, I hsv nospology lo offur. but would admonish all such to aland out of ih wa for ihi future.' I liiicnd not to offend any of that very worthy and valuable ciatt of men whna'fi rngngfu in the U'nlaw frww M'n verserin. . There are among them tsgoodand faithful men as belong to the land. I would ' .1 A. .11 L..,, . ...1 ku it..,.- M.I ugalions, to elevate meir calling, sy expo, ing the pretender, and help, by lit extmple : of ih faliliftil, to Improve, nr drive from tti eif ' ranks, alf the drone who live only to pocket their ) etr't (alary, and leave the iirereti cams' 1 milted la Uieir care, lo take ear or them selves. Do not forget th motto, 'If yott want any thing well done, gn if not tend." ' -j,jf-''8TRAtCUTCP-5.;.. Tan easy (JaI'iTfarmer. - The DelroTt Adveri!seTrclstct the follow ' ing example of a rusijjiiatiun, usual among . Ameruan j . , v v'- .... A certain good-natured old Vermont frm r presrrred hi eonsianl good nsture let whal would turn Bp. On day, whil III black' tonga prevailed in that hiale, on of hie men eame ia bringing the new that on of hi red xen wa dead,-- ---: , .-?r r i.i. k. ! ..:.i ,i,. i.i ..ii h. -1- wsys wa breech y ensa. Take hi hid iff, and carry tldrtUtil to Fleu her's t tt will bring Ui cssh." An hour or so afterwards, the man earn with Uia new that "litis back" and hi mate were both dead. "Ars they ! said sav a bad debt that I nsvsr expected lo est, Iv i. twiy vh.eil mi'm'i ilisi-Tni Vi1tKl Tukai th hide down to Fletcher's ihsy will bring th Ch." After th lapse of sandier hour the man earn back again lo tell him thut th nigh ' brindl wat dead. "Is h f" said ihe old man. "well ha was a ur old ox, lake pa his hide and tak il dowa to l'lelchsr's it' worth l,s4ul wUI bring more than sny two of die pioo soul, taking upon fierself th ofDee v4 Elipht,ririinandd her- huahand very e- a war thut hi loss wa Judgment ef IK-sven for : hi wickedness. , it I" (aid the old fellow. "iML if they wilt takt the juia;mr t in tetS tit, ilit tin tat lent uwy I ran fay it," - HOW THE PLATFORM WAS MADE. Th New York Evening Post of Tuesday returns to thi subject for the parposa of ro affirming, in a more anihoritalivt 'form, ite s)r.glion in reference to the aonlilcssn of the resolutions adopted hy th Democraiio Convention at standard ol isrty kith. Wa quot i paragraph, from which U will be tees that th Post ha offer t reasons (or represent v tug Uie manner in which the affair wa mas- ageata worse even than farcical t ' ' ' "With regard to the resolution! aiid to have been adopted hy ihe Convention "jj.-l before it close, called ia ein quarter' tt plat-, furm," we rt sssert, in stronger teims, whaw we said yesterday, Further iiiauiriti iuto the eireumsuoces satisfy u that, in spying that they did not express Uie tense of the ( 'onveittiors. we used the least expressive phrase the ease l-would justify, 7Vy Wirt not aj )UJ by th Convention., Three-fourths nr Uie mem. hers more than three-fourths, it it Rid by tome bad left th room not mot than d.ixso of th rest knew what wit doing. Situ Davis, til President of the CnnventMvn, has) been obliged by exhaustion tu leave the Chair. Mr, Irving wus in his place, tnd was exerting himself vainly to ssiabltsri something like sr der. Tlis main business of th Convention had bven completed memlwr and byatan der were talking it over wilh each other? aol evoryUiing wa atteniled lo but whit was g r itig on beside the Chair. In the midst of ,h bustle snd confusion in lbs midst of loud conversations, about, snd noise of ih hasty euusnces and hasty departures somtji mg Wa read which nobody heard, and concerning which very few wer twar that il was read ing. Mr Irving put the. que ion on alt the resolutions in a lump. The ayes, in that frag ment of a Convention, just in the hua.le of breaking up, Were more numerous linn the noes, and hs declared the resolutions adopted. From one of the mem be , then ia tin Cois venticm. whwat dwhledly opposed lb a part of th resolutions, snd would hav lc'.ud a- J gainst them if he had been civcij. irLPpiwiur iiiiyv wst ii4( n viiii ue u'o no even near in resolution (Hit to vole, and Was not awre if hit prelstioe that they had been adapted till lis heard lif it afterwards. 1 pUfuriu mn,l in thi manner d it n A t linr -ve the tmm of a fare t tr AfiA m yetlmiaif guv K fa:c it plaved liefors an audieue which it swarsol what is going on. fi ia diie lo Irutli and candor to ty tint te Standard flaily di'iiieJthrtruihuf tin lU'einenl TX lilt Pott The issue i bslww; th two organs. Our readers mul juds for tliei- Common tsvtsts) .ifi fioud sulhUuitiJ Jionvpua glXMMtt tVTw sot usJ muCaUiiii JJ fc i'-:
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 23, 1852, edition 1
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