. - ...... ; "
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i . i " ' , :V
mT-rim iTTvmnnTT -ri i:BAr tot--a
4j ,
i ( At :- V ..- .;JW i.'SiS - I ' n
..II ( Ml (.) j. -. .-. K , --, -111 '
j'll - ts; :,'. i '.,t
TUMI J. lllk, Editor
I92TO C1CSL1S "f awcrf ul ii IitcUfrtiiJ, tmtl ttt ykniral ltMBRti, (hi land if tar ittn latitat tf r ifTcttloni."
TEIIV-TwiBoHanii IdTtart.
RALEIGH, WEDNESDArMORNiNG, MAY li, 1853.
VOL. XLIV.
KO. 0.
ll-tAII- II 11 iOit t II II I M ' II II II II ll 1 1 ' If II II II ' Vl is.
- . . . i ssr . TC,,. jrrr ,'. : - - , - v
f
no, $.' if (mi J witiita U wwttu w4 $5 l tU
(! f r-iiT.
WAYNE AORlCCLTURiL SOCIETY.
TVu hnly lielJ it irjulut wonilily Hireling
on Saturday. Theprocrfdinjs nj? be found
in nnmher roltimn. Tha mwiinr Wan rather
Inrie ih tn otherwise, and ooiderable energy
mid ileitriiiiiKitiiio to puali fcarj went man
llciicd by all nresenl.
One thing nrrurrcd mi Saturday thai dne
infill He crrilil to the public tpiril of Viit;
firmcra. It i known, gemrnlly, that a Smith
cm Ariniltunil Cnnventinn ia sonn to eon-
rene in M iMitufrnnrry, Alabama, toeoncert
,. l,..,Li.,l i.. .,nM ik. ,.r
Die Southern Planter. To Ihia tpoWhiion
it was proposed to amid a delrWfc. arWI the
lUMtmn lo appoint one was intantly crried
without a diMrmitnf voice. And. notwith-1
i .i ... r. i : i I
? t
Rinn l litf n is uitiiiuii wii Mturrwarus rrciiniu-
red ar..l reseinded; prhans prudently, atin
we take it a a "pfesslijfB of what will be done
by our fanners, when the tune for action on
any iinporutnt fuihlic question arises. All
had. say we, to such generous, noble action
a ., thin : it evinces a spirit that mast carry our
people in triumph in every undertaking in life
t'w.ir m-lir he e illcif In enponu!r
The appointment by ihe Society of six del-1
e raies to the Stall; Agricultural Conventioo,
is'atMther importanl ami proper move. t 'i
ho e that all those who have-been appointed '
will attend: and lhal ever Affriei.llural !
cietv 111 the Siaui will see liie nrnonetv of he-1
in represented in the Slate Society. aiydca. 'iheae oxydes and acids are seldom i the revolutionary battlefields was searcrlv.
The incidt'iita of the meeting were few. be- j found separately in soils ; but in a combined dissipated before active measures were taken
yon. I what is recorded in i. regular proceed- ''""' """"'"if :,l"- F"r insianc-e. phosphor- i by ihe Legislature, al the instance ol" oeru-iu-s.
The appointment of Cap1. Jryj,n j,, ic acid and lime (a salt ;) tarbonic acid and I n'r (ieorge Clinion, to 'revive, strengthen and
ndilress the Suciely at its nest meeting, will , '',ne 'arhonatc of lime (j salt also ;) sul-1 encourage our then feeble Coiumoii Schools."
inviarl ait iinus'ial lnter.-sl and cominrtnda full phnrie arid and lime, aa sulphate of lime ; and 1 (7H9, the Survey or-Ceueral was directed
aitemtance ot ine meuiners. Mr. oryan is
an excellent fanner and a food practical
spcalier, aud wp took lorward lo the next
meeting lor an instructive and interesting
speech, while we amcerely ho thai every
member of the Society will :ry lo be present.
The selection of Major Sloctimb to deliver
the next annual itcKlresn, was a capital choice.
Mr. Slimnmb has not yet accepted ; hut we
hope Ins n.nne modesty, will nol in this case
overcome liiscne of duty, and prevent him
f.oni compivini with ihe known wishes of
evcrv on in.jcr oi ine ooch ay. a say in i s
Mr. SI cumb is. eiiiinemly eomjielent, would
he but a fa ml expressiou of public opinion,
and e hone he will feel hilly at lilierty to
yield in this instance to ihe wishes of the So
ciety, by accepting the apinintmeiH so unani
mously and enthusiastically conferred.
l.uiilil any of our farmers read this, who
ate mil in the llalnl of ativaitling ihe meeting"
. of the Society, e can only saylo them, come
nid sec. , more encouraging spectacle than
tlmt ol 30 or 411 good mid intelligent
fanner-, iinsirr'tei! in a room for inuiutU in
siriiciinn telaiito to lioir dally employ incut.
Was never looked upon hi ihe eve of man.
How .s.ihJjnielV. gryujL.lIiiLn id il be- to sec
two or ihrce hfindred ncighhors sssmbled for
the same pu.'powr ! He hope all will fonsid
ui iin, buiti in '. avnc and elext here, und
let only I: tin who tl.tnks he has nothing lo
learn, ahscjn hnosctl in future from the month
ly uiei tii.jd ol lo se noble fanners.
A'eic Em.
W A Y . K V U KICIXTl?BXiirsOCIETY.
Tlie Society met. oti Saranlay, S8d irst.,
ursuaul to a1uriiiiieul, John Everut, lJ res
ilient, hi the i-hair.
The roll was called end absentees noted.
The proceed i iif a ol Jast meeting were read
and appr-Vv'til, and tbu unfinished business ol
the Society was then taken up.
The Kcsthninns' urging the propriety'ol
hiitliliiig a factory at (soldsboroV were so
amemlcil as to provide for the tailing ot a meet
ing on Tuesd.iy of Uie Fall Term of the Su
perior Conn for W ay ne county, lo take the
subject fully under consideration, and a
dopted. Moved, that a committee of five, to he as
' sistvd by the officers of lheSociety.be appoint
ed to prepare an appropriate address lp the
public, urging the expediency of building said
factoryi and giving such necessary iiifurmaiton
on ilia snhjea-t as may to (hem be aceessiMe,
and lhatihe I're-ioVm appoint said eommillee,
at his convenience j also, that said address be
published by lilo Society. ;
Reports from Standing Coraiuittees were
cal'cd for.
Moved, that the' president appoint Standing
Cnminittees for the (urrent year, and report to
next meeting. - , .
Moved.by Willinm Holrtnson. that this "Ro
cisty appoint a delegate lo attend iheHoulbern
Agru uliural Con.venu.in, u$ meet this umivr
111 MiMllmiiiTy, Alabama wlnclt motion
passcd.unaniiuotisly. ? ' .
Moved, ihaililie Sociejy procetd ta electa
delegate to sajil Convention. A debate here
nroseon 'the propriety and expediency of send
ing a delegirie to said Convention, on aceonnt
l Hie exprusei it wonld incur to tha Society .
. Aloted, by IVst, T. Uortch, that the mo
tion to semi a delegate U the Southern Agri
cultural Cun vcufii.ii be recousidered which
niolitiu was carried unanimously.
Moved, Vcy William T. Dortcli, that the mo
tion to reeonsider be Find upon the table. Car
ried unanimously. ' "
.Moved, that six di-legstes be appointed lo
atteud the mseiwig of iSe Mtate Agricultural
Society.. to eojiwiiA in Uateigh, on the SSdt al
Mayv, Under this motitwi the President ap
pointed Messr Win. K. Laus, John Evenll,
Jn'o. f!. Elliot, Thos- Kul1iu,(iorg W. Col
lier, and William Robinson. "
Messrs. Uaw son T. Durham, and John E.
Ilocinri, weredtily proposed snd elected mem
ien ot tha Sotiety.. '- '
. Moved, lira! ihe Society proceed to elect,
by ballot, a geiiileiuasi to deliver the next An
uital AJJiis-s before Ui Soeieiy. , Titia briog
done, yoluj C. .locuinb was chosen, to deliv
er ihe next Annual Address. . f
Dr. Jnlm K. Tompkins being present, was
Invrlrd in address the S-iety. H:d responded
to lha invitaltosi hi ait appropriate apeech. '
Moved, by William T. DoNra, ibst the
thanks of this meeting, be tenuVred to Dr.
Tompkins for the very able address delivered
byJiiiflbelo'Uie 8iHjietyv,y.Jf ,.:,t
tI lived, that the Horiety appiuut, liom lime
lb time,' one of its members to deliver nidnttl
ly 's'Hdrefa, iti he delivered at 1h mseiing suS
esednig that al which he wss sppolnted. Win.
sU. tiryam in accords ae wrUi this notion.
Ml m'tsva to-addr ih Soaictv L i: utrtt
f'-: -iTT.T'T '
Moetl. hy Thie. Kenned r, that the Serre-1
rrtary be requested to give due notice in the
Tow paper that Ceut, Wtn. C. Bryan will
deliver an addres before ihia Society at our
at'il meeting.
The Sode'ty then atrjoumed.
- VM. KOUINSON. Sety.
HOW TO KESTORkTnoKUANIC M AT
TEH TO A iSOlL.
Onr readers muat wit forget diir n1)jee or
our lerina. Laat week we explained nrgahie
matter to be of aniinul r vegetable origin, and
briilly pointed out bow it ta Id be restored to
a anil. We now stale that inorganic mailer
is of mineral origin, lint it is not au easy to
point out all the methods of restoring it In a
oil. But to be nnderstood aa to the terms
Hair, horns, hoofs, leather clipping, and all
such suosiarwe aa aro produced ov animal.
rc thuA' "f 4"'mal ,,ri8,n- '"'' h
"raw- ,urf;H- m""M lr"m llie w,mmU- nmP
e., are r;hr. tly rweiaWe origin.
Ma"T ol aiiuoal or vegei.blo origin i. ealled
iinranic mailer, because ill some WdV or Othe
o j
' '."ire Ped ihoie organs that are essen-
tial to' repmdurtion. All mineral matter is .
called inorganic. Because it does not possess i
these or?ans, and hence the distinction must
be elesrly understood and constantly kept in j
vii w.
Among the mineral substances that enter in-!
to the com position ol soils, and those utal are
"""" frequently lound, arc tlex, or sin-
si1""'"'', ntl carbonate of lime, j
k,s frequenily found are, st.l
P,,a"' of ,lme "r pl""" i carbonate of ma2. .
ne"l,, 0,, 06 of "P"' n(i ox de "' "'
'',w we "'xyT seven mineral acuta and seven j
an each of ihe acids, with other exvdes, form
ing various salts. IS aw ihe object of apply
ing mineral man"res in soils, is to supply llieni
Will) one or oilier ot these palls. And, as we
have seven mineral sails, il will id eour.-e on
ly he necessary lo ascertain which of them is
missing, to enable Ihe farmer lo restore It to ;
his soil. A soil, however, is seldom deficient ;
in more than one or two mineral ingredien's. I
Clover wil not grow well on IimiiIs lhal do not j branches of education;" ihcy also rccom
coiilaji) sulphate ot lime, because this salt is j mend'il ihnl liberal provision he made 10 sus
tssenli.il In ihe growth ol cloier, us the ashes , it(a ihe schools, by appropriation of the pub
of the plant is found lo contain a considerable i j,,.. lanils.is the value of tin se lauds would be
Uiautily of sulphuric acid and lime. enhaneed lif ail increase of population.
We remarked, last we. k, Ii at common sail i.'l'he Slate will thus never wan; the means
and lime are the onlc ingredients that the
larmor ought to imiort for the renovation of
his I.. ud. To this doctiine to adhere, until all
his hunu resources lor the making of maiiuie
have been patiently tried and fully exhausted,
lo those who court Die Zioifor lliut txpttue
rings, we will raise no objection. II any
see fit tn import costly in mures and allow that
that is equally valuable to take wings, in ihe
form of vapor, and flee away, we Wilt leave
him for a season tit the bandit of dams Experi
ence, but will Hot leave him unwarned. And
we venture to artirni that there ia tun a sub
stance imported, whether it b poudrelle. gu
a7io'Hr phosphate ol lime, for which our own
f'jndSiia does not afford an appmpnaU' suh
stttait . Au? jira.
SAf.T AS A MANURE.
Salt has been used extensively in Eng
land, and We believe ll to be, when juJicious
Iv applied, excellent manure, but, like many
other gooil things, may be used to excess.
We have used it on three descriptions of crop
aud as we had cause lo believe, with decided
ly good effects, .
We applied it to corn, oats and turnips. Toi
llie corn we applied 2 bushels io llie acre
broadcast, just after the corn was planted j the
season proved a very dry one. The piece ol
ground on which lb salt was sown, all ma
nured alike with atable and oow-jard manure
to one half wss applied Salt in tha propor
tion staled on the other half no salt applied.
Now as to the rasuli. The corn on the pari
siltetl, remained of a dark green, healthy un
til ihe fodder was pulled the blades on the
other part were esrly hurl and twisted np so
badly as to yield comparatively little fodder
die yield of grain was also considerably leas.
We sowed oats on a piece of ground much
tnfesled with worms, and after harrowing in
ihe oats, (owed sail broadcaat over it al the
rate of two bushels lo llie acre the injury
from worms was speedily ' arrested. Oat
plants left after a few days ; Unharmed, uiaiii
fested healthful green color throughout the
season', matured a tew days later than anoth
er patch sown about llie sains time the yield
was a fair one, ,
Av applied 0 bushels of Salt on 3 acre of
turnips wiilt good effect..
Its effects are'aaid to be these: 1. Thai
it act as an aHsnrbenltifmniaiure from 'the iilj
mosphere. t. Destroys worms. 8. Ftcili-'
he the denom position of onganic mailer, and
thus provideafood fair the growing plants.
We know by the analysi of most plauts, that
soda and er Urine are detected in them, aud a
these are the chief alemeul of common sail,
we infer that they are essential ingredients in
most vegetable proilu.-ls i and if n l pre-existing
in the soil in sufficient quantities, that it
ess W very advantageously employed.
fla aiodes'of application, are I By com
posting with barn-yard and other, manure ;
and 1- ; By sowing hroadcaat after tha teed
may he sown,, and the ground harrowed,
Opinion varies as to the proper quantity per
acre, as 20 bushels, others are content with
I, t and S bushels. Our own opinion is,
that 2 bushels arnsabout the right quantity.
ll is -Wl lair to remark, that in England,
practice seems to have settled down to bush
els of salt to one ol seed. , " v
Jimtriean Farmer,
Nr.w Slonr. or Trk.atino Lock-Jaw,
Mr1 John King, of the CIcai-apriiig district J
the Hagermown Herald rays, was Wten on
me m rist-bv a hog, weekortwo afo. Hev
aral days after, h was taken vhileaily ill with
ba kaw Dr. MaegilU of Ilsgerskiwn, was
called in, who immediately administered chlo
roform, tud. laid tha wound freely open, ap
plying aa emollient poult ice v and eoiiliiiiiing
flit chloroform with oiiiutn. In five hours
under this treatment, Ihe spasms wtar rested-:
and Mr. King Uliow entirely (ecotered, I
.'"'A tiiigrtlarljlir gcnileman "eohjeiving him-:
clf nvereliarged in a urseoti" bill, tent word
by tlie servant of the praeiiimeMo'hi master,
T.hat foC hi eaedtrine ha would paybul aa
TI1K SCHOOL QUESTION,
KiiroxT.
Of the Comniiltte on Cflegf, Arulamiri
anit Common .VrAooa, on prtition of rrr
tain Jiouum CnWtrs of Arte York, I li
en. Syrariiit, $-c. Tttutwe ta in$tuetion
of thetr children.
In Aeseaai.Y, Ap'U 2, 1833.
Mr, Patterson, from the Ootmcillee on Col
leges, Academies aud Couunou SchooU, to
wtiirh was rt-l'crretl Ibc petilinna of certain
Roman ('alholie citizens of the cilirs of New
York, Until, Syracuse,. Oswego, and ol the
villages of Auburn, Voine &c., pra;ingfor
the passage of a law, authoriiing the elal)
luhmeni of Schools where their children
"may he instructed in religion ; without
which, they deem education more pernicious
lhaii n wlnl and fr granting such schools
a portion of the school fund and taxes pro
portioned to the aunibcra of children attend
mi; said schools," respectlullv report :
That from the earnestness of the appjil
lhal has been made them, fium ihia lurgir and
respecuule class ol our lellow-cilizens , on
a ii.jei, they have giw ii nut only a re
gpeetful, but an anxious attention, with sin
cfre t, sire to recommend such measures lo
lc J,tgi(uiuro, as should ho most conducive
u, the harmony, uv'l'ulim-a and pnwperity f
the Common Schools of die Stale. The
history of our Common School sx stem tins
Mn examined with careful attention, in the
hope that we might deduce from this history
secret ol its present prosperiti . aud the
4,rrl)Ciple that will guide it, in its 'lu.ure in
ull,,,ui career, u.ward su ulliiuatu stale of
perleelion.
Your Committee find, ih.it (he smoke of
to set apart, for gospel and school purposes,
two lots in each township in the then unstir
vevcyed portions of the Slate. Thtee or
lour years later, ihe Kcgenls of the Universi
ty called the attention of the Legislature "lo
the numerous advauiages that would accrue
t,, the ciiiixns at large, from the institution of
fcchools in various parts of the Stale, fm the
mirnnse of instrtictinj children, in ihe lower
ur nroinoiinif useful science and will therein
; secure the national happiness, and
j;x I,',,
j Ijberiy of the ticople on the most permanent
i basis: that of knowledge and virtue."
t In 1 795, the legislature on the reenmmeo-
dation ol Uov. George Clinion, appropnaied
;$5n.0l)0 annually lor hve years, lor the sup
port of die Common Schools of the Slate,
In ,1800, Gov. Jay, in his message to the
legislature, says: "Among other objects
that will present ihemselves to you, there is
one that I earnestly recommend to your no
nce alii) patronage : I mean our institutions
for the education of youth. The importance
ol Common Schools, is best estimated by the
good ellects of litem when they most abound
and are the. hesi regulated."
lu ItlllJ, Guv. Georgo Clinton again im
presses upon the legislature the importance
of perseverance ill llie effort lo" elevate the
character of our Common Schools, and to
diffuse iheir blessings ever ihe whole surface,
and into all the ramifications ol society. In
his message to the Legislature, he says "Ed
ucation, by correcting the morals and improv
ing the manners, lends lo prevent those evils
in society, which are beyond the sphere of
legislation."
Equally impressive are the words of Gov,
ernnr Lewis, (1804.) "In a Government
resting on public opinion, and deriving its
chiel support from the slj'cctiotis of (he peo
ple, religion and morality cannot be loo sed
ulously iuculated. To those, science is n
handmaid i ignfance, lbs worst of enemies.
Literary information should then be placed
within the reach of every description of citi
zen, and poverty should not be permuted lo
obstruct the path lo the lane of knowledge.
Common Schoo's, under llie guidance of re
spectable teachers, should be established in
every village, and the indigent be educated at
the public expense. Learning would thus
flourish, and vice be more effectually restrain
ed than by volumes of penal statues." Dur
ing this year, the null proceeds of 61)0.(100
acres of public land were reserved for school
purposes. .
This was the foimdaiinii of the present
fund which future Legislators increased, un
til it has swollen toil present magnitude.
In 181 1, under the administration of Govern
or Tompkins, tha Seli'Nil Commissioners ob
serve : "Perhaps there never will be pre
sented to ihe Legislature a subject of more
importance than the establishment of com
mon schools.
"EJaeaiion, as the means ofiinpioving the
moral and intellectual faculties, is, under all
circumstances, a subject of the most impos
itij consideration.
"To rescue man frota that stale of degrada
tion to which tie ia doomed unless redeemed
by education ; lo unfold his physicial, niud
lectual, and moral powers ; aud to fit In in for
ihose high destinies which his (.'realm has
prepared for him, cannot fail lb excite the
most ardent sensibility Wf the phyosnpher
and philsnlrophisi. In proportion as every
country has been enlightened by education,
so has been it prosperity. When the heads
and hearts of men are generally culliviUtl
and improved, virtue aud.wwdoiii muat reign
and vice and ignorance must cease lo prevail.
"Virtue and wisdom are the parents of
private and public felicity j vice and ignorance
o private and ptiblie misery. " !
. the' denote mifsl receive the advintaee
it ..... n
of education, lh inquiry naturally arises, how
tlu eud is to be obtained I . The etebW-h-wen
I of common schools, which being spmad
ihroifjlioiu ihe Stale, and aided by ita bounty
w ilt bring improvement within the leach and
power of the humblest cilixen. This sppcar's
to he iht best plan thai can be devised to dis
seminate religion,' morality, "and learning
throughout a whole country All other tneth
oda heretoror adopted are partial tn tfisiv Op
eration and eiruuui scribed ia their (Tools." f
. JU l$Ti, Governor De Win Clinton called
in vllenlioii of ihu Legislature lo the subject
of Stale instiuciion, in the following term i
"Tha first duty of a State is In render ii cit
izens virtuous by rntelteetual Instruction and
moral discipline! by enlightmifg ihstr minds
pi!r1T1n BieWMrOTa
their t ifttta and obligation. - T ft nee solid and
j enduring honors, which ariae (ram tha eulii-
vaii.tn of science, and the acquisition a-.d
diffusion of kuowledj; will outlive tha re
nown of die sistesinsn anuT tha flora of tie
warrior Again, in 1826, he say: l con
sider the system of oar Csnmni Hx-hnrtls
ihe palladium of our fertom: for no reason
able apprehension can b entertained f '
subversion as king aa tlrsj great bodv of the
people are enlightened by tducalion." s.
1 he eooi in Hire have heett limnced to tub
mil the above remark from the, diflerent Ho
venors and superml' mlenls, tha father and
Ibtiiiders of our spledtysten of Common
Schools, for the purpoee of lexhibiting few
of the gie.it priin-tplf that lay: at the bmmla
Hon of ihia stupeiiilovs stipcfslrueture. '. '
The first is. th it it'-siii only the tight,
hat the duty, of the Slat lo furnish and su
perintend the operation of a ay strra uf educa
tion for the children uf the State,
Your yoiiuaiiiee believe that this point is
not seriou-ly controverted., in jjiit Slate, in
the middle of ihe itflh veiituW. ,
Thaeecond rrssl on'adiil'c; Tdravrfl ffnin
the history of our" Common Sciiool system,
the consideration of which is involved in the
petitions before us,) is the eminently Catholic
nature of ibis system. Its entire exemption
Iroin every thing like a partnaii or sectarian
character, from its inceptiou down lo the
present day in every stage of its progress,
amid the slot in and the tempest that have
attended the mtiuilions of political parties
amid the rancor of theological controversy,
and the heat of religious excitement, our
Common School symein has moved quietly
and majestically along, from tin: amallrtt be
ginnings in its prcsem magnificent proportions
under ihe guidance of those pure and patriot
ic statesmen (whose seutimeirta and opinions
we have so bin-rally quoted.) without partici
pating in ot ministering lo Ihe poculiararitics
of any party or any sect; ils blessing falling
upon die children and youth of the State, like
the dew of heaven, upon the high and llie low,
ihe rich and llie poor, Ihe Catholic and the
Protestant, upou every shade of religious and
political opinion alike, witliuul prejudice and
without partially.
In tracing down the history of the rise.
progress and present slate of mir system ol
Common schools, your Connuilu'e has been
impressed by llie tact, that aiiuiug the means,
ihal hare been so successlul in placing this
system on its present elevation, ihe Govern
ment has never listened Tor a moment tn ihe
suggestion of fraclionizing this systsm in fa
vor of or against anv political party, or any
riligious sect ur denomination. While the
I fathers uf our system of Common Schools
have labored xealously and successfully to
place within Ihe reach of the chiUIre of die
State an education that shall qualify them for
the disefiarge of their duties as citizens of liti
Repnhljgj and Tor the intelligent management
of the ordinary avocation of life; while
they have sought to blend with this education
a system of pure morality, indispensable to
llie fitlltW USefiihtess and rcspccTahilfiy of the
ruing generation, tlity aeem seduloirsljr to
have avoided all affinity with sysietn of I'silh
or sects, whether religious or pplilicat. In
their wisdom, they seem to have left the re
ligious education, th sectarian discipline, Ihe
instruction in religious creeds snd religious
practices, where they .rightfully belong to
the genial influences ol the domestic fire
side ; tn the family allar: to the chun h ; lo
pastoral instruction, the Sabbath school, and
the Uitle class) orlo such other means, out
side of Ihe school house, as the judgment or
taste of parent or guardians should dictate.
Had the founders of this system,- at any
stage of it prognat, parceled out of the boun
ty of ihe State for the suppbrt of Common
Schools m lav or ol thosa based epon the pe
culiarities uf any of th arbnury or conven
tional distinctions that prevail in civihxed so
ciety, your committee believe that ils strength
would have been frittered away audio!, amid
the jcalotisif and contentions it would have
added a new il nol a fearful element to a con
trol ersy which this circumstance alone
would havu directed with a crushing fore a
gaiusl the utility aud stability of our present
great system of primary instruction. And
your committee, instead of being able tn re
port al tin urn nearly 12.000 school hous
es in llie Mate m snccesslol operation, in
which nearly 1.000,000 of children have re
ceived the benefit of a common education
during lb past year, aud supported al an ex
pense (for teachers' wages alone) of wore
than 1 f million of dollars, it would hare been
called upon lo report upon the. wreck uf a
system rlftcirnl only in flooding ihe country
with the bitter waters of nartixan strife, aud
ol religious and sectarian controversy.
I he genius ol our liutiiii liou is pre em I-!
iteiilly Ihafof universal religious toleration,
and il should never be overlooked for a mo
ment in our legislation upon the mangeiueat
of the Ciunuion Schools of die State i hence;
by granting the prayer of llieae petitioner,
we recognize the principle thai each ana nf t
the organize, ecuJ or religious denomins
linns iu this Stale, may establish their schools '
snd be entitled to a share of the Common '
School hind for their Support. Granting this
privilege lo one sect would open ill door fur'
application for every ect and denomination 1
m the State and in view of iheir number,
Hie conflicting1 and cjiitradictory nature ol
their tene:, we should regard as suicidal live :
attempt tn embrace thrin in llie system of our
common schools, or sustain them by it
fluids. .'.'-,' . ;
Grant ihe prayer of these petitions, snd a
flood-gate' of rum is opcued upon our Com
mon School system irhictl future legislation
would hardly be able to restrain 1 for under
ottr system of religious i Joleraiion, no rtsiirg
place would be found until our magnificent
school fund Was subdivided among every de
nomination In ihe State, from Ibe ancient nj
venerable establishment of the Roman Cath
olwCherrh, down to the tonvrnflelei of the
sjnrileat medium of these latter times. ; '
- The effect of fraetionizit.g oar School
fend aninog religion denominations, eem,
to yoar Committee, to be easily calculated.
Hence, your Committee should regard Ihe
fir step of the Government tn that direction
with the almost anxiety and alarm, a fatal
blow enure; at the prosperity nod anility f a
sy siem of primary eduniionv which has al
ready become the pride of the wonder of the
age. .-r Your Committee, therefore, utisiii
mously present the (utlowing reaolulirm, and
recommend ii passage , W. f i .;..
KmUcfgi Tkat la Srsrsri f lbs pstUloaara'slnssM
luA b rrttattJ. -: - , t -
A8IIBEL FATTEHBOS, . KtCD. C. BLAUVEL.I,
WM. W. roiWYTU. TAVLoR.
ROVKMRNT.
IIE N.U KAIL ROAD, I I S EX I EN
v 8ON EAST AND WKoT.
Pitusted a we are, about rrntrally betwrrr '
ihe seaboard and the mountain of the Stale
we feel that WB ran, with propriety, urge no '
on the iVirm's of jntprovemtni North, Ea
ami West of us. the tnmriance ffl action,
proinpt and ikicidcd anion, relalive lo the ex
tension of ih is great line of improvement which
every true harted North Carolinian will jon,
(is it) culling Kltr Rail Road, Few of uf ban
yet weigacd sufficiently, the vital necessity ol
prompt action In Bus mailer.
1'h North Carolina, or Central Rail Road
as it is soirieliines called, will be completed
from Charlotte io Gvditsboroiigli hi tbe eoursr
of ihe year 1833. Virginia ami South Car
olina are already prrpaird, wrni ftuislwu Kail
Roads, us take our trade from CUa'rlotts and
nrtrra) Raleigh- W all know how difficult i'
is to divert trade from old accuaiomed clian
nela to ncwunea, even when tltu near one rr
hltebesl. .. v
"' Now," Willie w drf" mil. ohlect to mehang
ing our commodities with the neighboring
State Tor money or lis value, we are fully
1.1. .'....:...
coiiviuceo inai a gviiocn uniriuoity w
now offered us, by the late Act of the Legisla
ture, for securing urithin our own borders the
benefits and advantages of the cheajiett and
bt$l line of travel from the Tennessee line lo
llie Atlantic sea board. We, also believe thai
much ol this benefit and advantage will be Insi
lo a large portion of the Slate, if the extrusions
of Ihe Central Kail Koad to Itealibirl anU
Tennessee are not commenced without delay,
W henever Capitalist can ferl asstired'thai
we are in earnest, commercial city will
spiing- into existence al Beaufort, equipped, ami
ready w ith ships and steamers, to receive ami
transport lo the great market iff the world all
the mineral and .agricultural products we van
send them; and we can then trade with the
world on au equal fooling with our sister
Slates.
Hut while litis is admitted, the question
may be asked, what action can be taken nn
mediately? Wu answer, the survey of llie
rniiU'S, us a preparatory step lo the subscrip
tions, for stock to huifd the Roads. From
conversations mining the members of iho Leg-
islu tire, and oilier whoso opinion were en.
titled to great weight, we concluded that the
object had in view, in making ihe appropria
tion lor the suivey, was to put the plan In
IMTRRNAI.
eralion wild as little delay as possible. AudLvyhigs w all have four members and the dem
tl.intr - ru tl .1 mittiUn 111 lltM ImI lit, I C L t ' 1. t .t . . I. . . I.
we think we are not mistaken in the lacl, that
a distinguished member of the House of Com
mons, when advocating the passage ul the bill
for the extension, staled, thai, by co-opera
tion will) Ihe officers or Ihe IN or 111 La minis
Rail Road Company, the survey might al
otice be effected. 'J'his gentleman had an
important agency in drafting the bill a ll 6-
naliy passeu llie iitgisiaiure, anu we lunik u
will be found to embrace in il proviaion th
autl.orilv for nroinnt action In ihia particular. I
If we are nol mistaken ihia view of the pow
. ' . . ... j .
ers conferred by the act and we think we
are not we hope the pros, both East and
West, and the people immediately interested
in this great work, will so speak out that
those whose duty il is to art in the premises,
may be induced lo act speedily.
Hill, lite.
VIHG1MA CONNECTION."
I he Milton Chronicle appeara to be una
ble lo comprehend the dilferenc "between
V irginia coinieciion with Richmond, and a
Vhginia Conner lion with Norftdk;" or inollt-
,....i- i i i. ;,;..(,.....
.'biit.l.l ohieel to .nnni... lh. IV,.h!
.. . i. . i .. 1 I., .
jaroiina ii an noun, in me niiuoie, ny con-
..rutting . branch from Oreen.for .i.ghri.rot.gl
- B . r
Mi I tun lo lb Virginia; iloatl,. carrying be
travel snd trade lr Kicbmond; snd yet ri
joice al llie completion, ol e , Link wliiclt eon
tied one extremity of our road with a Vir-
?inia road leading to Noifolk. Even llie
reenslHirougll Patriot, with ils "enlarged
view of things," appear to be a little luislifi
ed al the rejoicing, huzzaing, booming uf can
non," tie. indulged in upon the "opening of
a direct, easy aud cheap outlet liom the ,urih
Carolina Road lo the city uf Norfolk," hy the
same persons who w ere opposed to lapping
the road al Greeushoroiigh, by which die
trade and travel of thd west would b led oil
to Richmond, llotli of these colt in purine
teem to imagine that ihe opposition to con
nection by brmch from tireeusborougli to
the Virginia road, was because the city of
Kichinotid was In Virginia, anil Ihrrshire that
the same objection exists lo a connection with
Norfolft.
Nol looking through tbe same medium, w
tome to very different conclusions from those
of our friend of llie Chronicle and patriot!
and yet w do not think our . vision t eery
much distorted by tha benefits our cili.
zens will receive in being permitted tu
supply lbs passenger Willi "a drink uf
water ' aa llie Cars whirl paal our town, ss h
of the Chroniclli fancifully hai il.
w have never, underuken lo abuse Mr.
Palmer for hi advocacy of a Kail Road lu
pax through Milton, ll i nulurai . thai be
should desire llie accomplishment ufao object
tbil would benefit Hif-ttrwn uf Mdloo. Hot
in Ins eagerness te accomplish that, be has
yvcrlooksd other nnporunl mailer, and lu
been led into very erroneous calculations ; iu
wbier. the editor of the Chronicle has follow.
ed. . They boll) bs creatly over-rated ill
advantage Winch the upper part of our road
would ueriv from ui cruiieuont and over-
Ituiked the paralizr'ng effeiu which ti would
have upou ihe lower hull'ufu.. ll may bc
ttus dial the trvelrn the , upjter half would
be increassd by opeuiug . ihe route, to Jiich
rooud hut huw would it increase the mourn
of freight? - All ihe produce of ihe upcuuntry
ean b carried to Charleston, -b J'Uirsbarg
.and Noifolk,! Wilmington, and w bop
soon lo Bcsiiforl, better mm ket than Rich-
aumi can affostl. . We say in Beaulort, be-
eause experience (Iiims that a very elturt
lime will eunice lo build up a eity anil arrunt
ulate capital when trade ie toner i ted lo
auy given point," All thee market will give
siapleymsnl lo our own road. ' 1 - -:
Following tiiie train of lttooehlt, it --require
o lid from fanny lo pereeiru- a wide dtfTeo
ewee between "a Virginia eonnmliori with
Kicbmond, end a Virginia eoaneetion with
Norlolk. lite Kiehniond connection tap
Ourmed in the middle, and would drew off a
portion of it remnreesf th Norfolk eoanee
tion bring into requisition the whole length
Irom-Cbaib.tte lu Wetdon, and will etim-
rUto il acuvily by openiug pleamnt
sad expeditious rout of travel north and
ket. We, therefore, a North Carolinian
and Iccling a deep .interest in the ,'necest
oTfSnrth Carolina improvement, ran ate nr
inconsistency tn uVprtrating Ihe one, ine) re
loicing over Ihe other; eve Ihough, not nc
copying the position of the "bung-holr,'''' (as
(he Pair'mf expresses it,) we ran expert now
of ihe adv sntsge to he derived from th drip-
rneifs of Ih mousses hogsliesds. .
Bnl there i iml(iajf Considerntion whicr
our friend ol tit Chronicle ami Patriot see re
w have overlooked, that planrs4hissuhieelin
clear iht showing both the consistency and
me policy or me viewsrnrearniru ny us, A
the lime Ihe IVortb I a roll tin ttoad wss nrn-
jeeteil. llie eonurcti.in with Nortiilk was ron
lemtilaicd aa part oPrlie scheiae; while the
rnnnrctinn wiilnhs RichmoniV and Danville
RtMil ssos distinctly rrptnlialrd, and furlte
vertr seasons we have air-rt. IV here. Uien
la the tonststenev in r joiciiifWar Ihe ro.n-
pleuou hi a rajt l "l". scnemr, wnnr
woossj a project which Vnuld greatly.
wr think,' detract from it advaniagcs?
?V ,cV , rt.fc.. f L"
POtlTI
Ml
A ('ORRECrlON.
A rnrnnr is alloai, anil ia being busily cir
culated to the r ifect, that, tn his speech in
MadisoiirCot' Gajlher admitted thai the teg
islaliire Insi winter changed this District by
taking off Cleveland and adding on Wilkes
and Watauga, for ihe purpose of defeating
Mr. Cliugtiianl v
We are suthnrlicd liy Col. Oailhcr lo slate
that he made no such aibiiission; but thai
whenever he has had nrc.isi.tn lo speak uf
this matter either in private or puoluv he has
maintained lhal the present . arrangement ol
this district was made by the Legislature,
without uny rtfi rtntt tj Mr. ( Vii gmen
whutturr. ,Thal. the report of he Senate
which was sohniitted b Mr. Gilmer, whig,
left this district as it wa belorr thai ihe bill
that passed, -hanging ihe District lo il prri-
ent shnpe, wa an aui"ndincnt lo Mr. Gil
mer's bill inirodiiretl by Dr. Shaw a Demo
cratic Senator from Camden and Currituck.
Col. Gaiilicr lias also iiiiiintained that as
Mi. Clinginan still profmro in its a Whig
he has no right to eoniplaiu nf the legislature
for lakiug off sirong Democralic county
from Hi district ami adding two eery decided
whig .counties. Col. (iaiiher has lurihennore
id thai tinder the present arrangement the
ocral four, which he thinks in the present
state of politics in the Slte 1 just and prop
er. 'Provided Clingman is nol elected, ' ,
Ah. Spte.
tr We understand that at Madison lal
week, Col. Joint A. Farg, alter Messr. O si
llier and Clingman had concluded, adtlrereed
hi constituent, mil uecesrully defended
his own course and lhal of hi colleague from
.. ..I. . i.. -i- t . i i -. . . i
ine vvreiin ine urgisiaiiire lasi wtuierr as l
gainst a somewhat ambiguous charge preferred
hy Mr. Clinginan, that certain Western mtinv
ours hail neglected the Interest of their enn
stituenu. Col'. Psgg wished to know of Mr,
Clingman who those member were? Tha
Idler replied lhal he would not specify, it he
did not desire m uem in personalitices, '
" ! '" ' Ath. Kptt,
t.f W undwriud that ,CoU Oaiiher, the
Whig eaiididitte for (mgree iu ihi Dietrict,
uuhM ffiN!iully demolielied hi opptment, the
x-niMiiheT of Oiigreea, iu the dweueeiusi l
I .Madisoo court, J m nw from vy atari
i "
lui "' e MOM. .fleet-ihll OUr
: ifailaiit landard bearer is busilv reeeivine now
- , .
aM',M ' ervtee.wbilat kmmmpmM
! ll,llttf KM lOll . HlMttM.1.. I.U ...11. . 'I'lkM
ia losing bie old somradee by aore, The
fart is, tl.e people ere opening iheir wye lo
tlie glaring intunaisteiiciu uf Mr. Clingman''
course, and are uvlerwiued no lunger ut sup-
fori a hi an who, by hie oondocl, ha forfeited
alleluitu to Inetr cunbuenre. '.i,.- ).!
. ,-r..; Aoh Sptt,
;'; ':. free syBApcV Ky'
, H'eldon N. Edward. Eer.,iba DeiootraV
ie Speaker ol tlie Senate iu ihe tart Lrgicla.
lure, who delisted Free Suffrage by hi east
ing vote, and wbu baa been most unmerciful
ly abused Air it by hi Deiitoeiatic brethren,
ha-pubisbed in Address, in which Ii jMsti
Bo hi course, and handlrchi quondam
frtnd without glove. " We make an extract
or two, Mr. Kdwsrd tayw ' ;'.
"For the course ' I deemed it my duty to
pursue, a Speaker of the Senate io the laet
General Amemblyj lu 'regard to the Free
Suffrage" Hill, in withholding my -vote from
it on h Hull reading, I have been arraigned it
the bar of public opinion for disloyalty lo the
principle of Democracy! ' and ' tile most uiT
soariitg viieiiersinm lias been dealt nul to me
nuy, many would consign me to Ihe bloetl
and demand my political -tfo., if (ul little
value it il ie a aa atonement for what (hey
arrogantly ajenoinre as rifTritrt against Ihe
majesty irf pa")'' Whether I m il inTeiider
lothirxwnl wilt ippesr In Ihe seqnel nf this
paper. It will be ei, that, Tor auy psrlilleal
prineiplee, t have rookerl lo ' Ui example and
precept of thessres snd Father of th church
snd not lorn sruifl view ol the jetmgfngi
of yeiterJny not lo the teaeliings nf modern
uofitieiil lnetiir.-who Halm Iherighl la pre.
crib new aniele f faith ai lest ot Orthe
dnxyenil, by oulkoritij, to proscribe end
uxeommniiiesie sit who -do ttut ubcribv to
lhtm.""-i ' 'jf-S'irW -'" "'
To denyrrrrfooi of opinion, inb conform
ity ef oniduet to conviction hunestly enter-
tamed. i tyranny ia it aaose odious form,
he party that m awuaaled by suck a spirit.
rouletu within iutelf (ho element of it own
datsotulivit... It 1 destined lo dinover, when 1
lou late thai the mimt and toHotitntto of
men, tannot, id will not, - bv (wsyed, thi
way, aud that, at n finding. If tiiie were
not u riyi7y, llie missl abjeel. instead of
virtuous indrptoirntt. would becunw the on
ly paaapoil lo public plane and public boaur
end duty lo eouuiry be sunk in Ihe slough
of pily bondage." . .
: Host well, ke knew hi psrty! ' 11 en
honcet and eoucientioe Demoeral differ
with iho" leaders in but one particular of
principle, and tits ary Is ratsod "Uow with
him," Whip him into ihe ranks," or "Lot
him be proscribed!'" - - . 1 '
- Mr. Kdward Addre conclude fol-
Vowst i ' ' '
"ttiilertainnig then uiese views viesy
embraced not hastily hut upon Hi lulli
snd moot mature consider lion it would have
I been passing slrsngo had 1 voted forth Free
stndri! on Tie fate I knew the weight of re
spnmtibdity thai attacked In my position hut .
he path pl duty wa a plain osr I fearlessly
purmed lu I knew full welt (hat il wa not
me of ease nor one in which could exnret "
to gather .lau rel or hope tw win honors siol ..
preferment. Bat th past ofduty. wa not, in
hie rnsUotes a post of danger emK I thank
l)od,that higher eoneiderattone than mere
personal eonaeqneneca nerved me to tha
task. -
The Rrrrgoing etptwillon m my ronrse,
your rrpreaenlaiive In ihe las: ' hcjisl.iture, I
have dornved il wijr duty to make and regret
ilhai it could not he condensed in narrower '
limit hot whilst I desired to be brief, 1 stfll'
more doatred to be perspieuour. " '
My political lie nc been wtjrkej hy '
uly adnereare' to the great principles of
ihe liemoerati faith and among them I re
cognate a pne of die highrsl and holiest the
tlJigotion of tht Heprntntotiot lo do th
mat if tht tonthtuir tody. To that I have
eoufonaml, ami never mar rtgijlr lbs
dunng shesreeeiit ciou of the Legislature.-
rhsd lwroh fertd smi the sama rsamo,
(Free Suffrage,) end the laet tiete by a large
ly increased msjsrily slthmigh I-hwrl al the -preceding
setim-prrcirrV under ihe ame '
eireusnaunera a it the iaetwithheld mf
vote from the earn Msgtir rauf nul
and reiif not do y oik the gro inlnsttee
to believ ma yen did hot comprehend
question o long agitaied and to fully disease,
ed. It would be -a reflection upon th In.
lerligraiee of the people of Warren, which
will never o. innate with, or bs endorsed by
WHO 13 PRESlDEN'll Wiurj LV
- ,.,'... THE HINDI -
' We notice ihe ' folrnvtwng $!itficanl pan. '
graph iu the New York IleralJ uf Saturday .
laatt ,'! .':. - ' ; -'"- i ,'
i " riierBlificationofSquicr'strea'y.of 18Ji.
with 8att Salvador, by the Senate, ainca thn,
inaugtirailon of General Pierce, InJicottM i
fotiry iti rtrmrd to Central America. It i
on tlie simple principle of entire freedom front
any entangling alliance with England or inv '
ether buroprae power. We understand tin
treaty tea held back by lite last adminisira.
Hon, per hap from spprclicnsi-- of offeane to
England."-
- The lone of Ihit article tnJtcalr, "what wa
have other reaeoo (or believing, that ll wss
telegraphed lo the Herald with the anclioit
of Ihe highest authority. Notwithstanding
in Beereiary of mate i regarded a decidedly
eoneet (alive, and opposed lo Yonng Amsrira s
modern eonsiirucuon of the Monroe miecniiri
sail although th New Granada treaty, eon
laiiiiiig Ihe o-ralled'psrtnerhipclauw" with
iwfetence to Panama, era ratified br Mr.
Peik'a administrstion, a it ie arderdoml, with
the approval of Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Mar.
ey, member of hit Cabinet) yet, if tha Her
ald be rorreel, Preaident Pierce repudiated inn
old ground of the ' Dcmociatra patty, Will
me orgaa in tint cltr enlightea a on Una
suhjer-tf The Herslii teeme lo speak fur tint
freaidenll who apeak for the Secretary of
Slete "Who shall decide when" organ
-disagree? ' " What it the uirauing of the
word "Unit" al the eourl end of town? Whklt
ie the etandard dictionary? Shall w consult
Walker or WeUter, Johnson or Richardson?
What i lo be done, end who it to do b!
M a hare more light on the men tnd mesa,
era of the Administration, The luapcnto i
worse than painfull the dsrkneM more than '
visible. Where tl Central America? ' What
ie lite definite policy of the Administratiouf-X
Utucral Can 'wnttlo know: Judire Douula
ie on tenler-hoek, and Young Amrrici mut
soon know, or 'die from Ihe protracted delay.
nave all map been examined' Hat Ihiui
Napideon been litterrogaird? ' Htpublic.
. v SUPERIOR COURT.
The Sprintf term of thi court wa held In
Halifax iaei week, hi honor Judge Bailey
presiding. Two capital case were tried lad
the defendant convicted of manslaughter. In
the me of Wsslilngton Laneaatef for ' killing
a free negro, die detente by Messrs. Bau-helor
and Jenkine w highly eredlibrl- and fl'i-
live.:: The Attorney General Mr. Ransom,
psoeeratod in behalf of the Male with ahiliiy.
fo'ourt for the first time here in erversl year
lasted all the week and we believe all ihe civil
end equity qtninre wss not even then comple
ted. During the week meeting nf the taw
yevt'wa held In Ihe roof hou so tn account
of the death of Governor Iredell the proceed
ings of which will be seen in another place.
We are glad to see so mnch respect ahown lo
thia truly great tnd good mn.' He justly de-
1 1 plsee ta ihe aiemorr of rvery North
Carolinian. . - A meeting, of the Whig wa alio
heM I areuar of court to appoint Dtlcralee to
Ihe DisiricH Convention it tdenlom ' Resolu-
ion ww tsssed declaring the policy of ill
Whig party of Ihia county. 1 " "," '
i We ere glad t my that tlie week of court
ess amy peaerabl end orderly and ttiough
sy juror were brought from urgent bust-
aee est flieir farm, we heard TitUe or no
iBplmtirr Kef. i "
PEsTkUCTIVE HAILSTORM. I
We regret lo teem that there wae on Mon
day night the Soth instant, a tery dostructiv
Uail Storra m Hie eeighourhood of Bnuk
leyvil.s, in this County. Tba Hail broke out
nearly alt of the window flaso i ihe house
ia that vicinity killed bird sad chickens, and
injured . materia'ty, regeiatioa and ttock of
vary description, where eaipoeedtoitie Storm.
Our informant sur ua tlial the Hail '
lay on Ibe ground next eaoruing. u Ihe depth
uf tome ligation iaehm This may seem in. -,
credible but il ie nevertMee true. Mr. Beuj
Johaaum, Mr. Thomae P, Matthew end Mr.
Janice S. William were among Ihe principal
sufferer by die Storm, . t hi Storm wee ac
companied with much Rata end wind.. Pre.
vioua. Ie it the weather hnd been aultry.
I nougn inn Ptorra waa . very dustruciir
where it passed alone, and tome of our friend
uffered great lo, which we very much regret,
we ire gratified to leant lhal il waa not gener
al, but confined to narrow space in iengih
ana ereadUt. Su10 Kep, 4 - . , j
Simodla Coincibkncg. It is a little ia
rular that of Ire of the presidential candidate
one, Webster, it dead 1 another, and ihe suc
cessful eondidai lost hit little boy, loon sfut
hilecuuil, by k moat distressing acctdeui,
tnd hie own and wife' live were saved al- .
meet miraculously while Ihe tniru, fourth,
and fif th, n t Fillmore, Case and Douglas, '
have each had lo niuiun the loss of their wive
since the eanvasa. Surely death strikes iu
high plate, - A'ii A. '