Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / Aug. 10, 1853, edition 1 / Page 1
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IWilUl.irj.D3CB, Edlir X3ET1 ClBOLHWriwtrfnl Ii luttlltelml, onl and pkjrtlril rtiMWi, lit land of oir lira and koine f tar iffrf ticBV , ' TEESST t Doiiiiri ifi ldvanrr. VOL. XLIV. RALEIGH, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUG UST 10, 1853, NO. TDE MmiMLIXl STIR, I'l'DLlSHED EVE11Y WEDNESDAY BY . . WULUM C DOCB, . EBJTOk.ASD PR Of 11 IS TOR .' ' " t iTum Vi ' ' ' " ; If paid strict'y to advance, two dollars per sn aim; two dollsra end fifty cents, if paid within six Months and Uire dollsra, at the tod of the yssr. . ' ADVERTISEMENTS not exceeding sixteen 11dm will be inserted on. time for one dollar, and twenty-five cents for 3acU subsequent insertion. Those of greater length will be charged propor tionally. Court Ordei and Judicial advertisements will bec;bargilU ) per cent. higher tlian the above rateau A reaaonatile deduction will be made to those' who advertise by the year. lienkand Job Priutivg done with neatness and despatch, and on aeeommodating term's. k. . m I .. ,n 1 1. . U.llin mnt Ka r,n rtA Tapers la the State will confer a fuvor by JWng ihe abow n InscrUon. I AUKICCLTI IU E.. .. . From the Southern Cuitivntor. HIiMiaUI VaMU AiM) rKL,eiiR- INC. MAKUKES. Yhe Geraiaris', Hollander-) nnd Belgians re Rtnrrally ronsiilered the most sdvancrd in tSa art of muking and preserving mumires; and therefore it U the pan nf wisdom tudy their pmciices, and profit hy the result! ol their long and miccessful experience. Whero they are unable lo provide etriw or oilier litter to absorb all Ihe liquids produced by cattle, horses, or winakept up in the usu al manner, they invariably construct tanks to hold ill the urine, into which the liquid ex cretinns of animals are conducted from stalls and sUibles. Such reservoirs are msilc usu ally of walcr-liine cement in the snme way that cislerna for holding r'nin-waler are con structed in this couulrv. - They are very use ful apiendges to stables where horse or other suick re kept ; juid ,u e will ai!d that one pari of wator-hme, as sold in barrels. nixed Willi, four of clean, coarse snnd, wet and mixed as mortar, sets well, ami if used imifiediaUity seldom fails to form a walcr-lijjli cistern or tank. ; , , - i Iel us supiioso a farmer has a few barrels of stale urine, more or less ammonia is given otT to his serious loss, how can he tix his volatile alkali in the liquid at the cheapest rale! This is an important question, afnd one that has given rise to many experiment.. On this subject Dr. Sutckhardt has the lollowing judicious remarks: - Sulphuric acid and green vitro! (copperas) will be here most admirable and convenient. because they can now be everywhere obtain td, and at moderate cost ; they occasion no expense in their transpnriaiion to nnd fro, liLc the earths above mentioned j and art far more tnergtltc in their optrulion than gypsum." One pound of commercial oil of vitriol insuffi cient in ordinary ci.es, for 550(1 lbs. of urine ; and the acji! is itself worth as a manure about what it costs, when purchased by the quanti ty. This acid largely diluted in the draining from a heap of dung, is most advantacon-My nsed to pour over and run through ii, to fix all the free ammonia which is liable to escape into the atmosphere. In many places, green vitriol, or sulphate of iron, may he obtained at a ch aper rale than oil ot vitriol. Or. Slock hardt says, Oreen vitriol, (copperas.) dissolving readily in water, scls just as quickly as free sulphuric acid ; and in one respect, indeed, still more completely, in so. far as iron possesses the rapscity of decomposing and depriving ol odor the sulphurated gas, (sulphuretted hy drogen) which is equally generated, irr the putrefaction of manure, and occasions the dis agreeable stench of rotten eggs. In Switzer land this salt has long been generally employ ed for the preservation of draining, (liquid manure) and more recent experiments In France are affirmed to have shown that stall minure, when mixed wilh green vitriol, has produced upou limey soils an increase ol one third in crops of grain, and upon grass land, even five tiroes more hay tl.au common ma pure of, equal quality nnd age." Having been many years in the habit of using cop peras water, or a strong solution of green vitriol, to deodorise the offensive gases gener ated in the vaults of privies in cities, where such nuisances olten Occasion sickness, as well as to Ax ammoiiiu In urine ami manure from stables.it gives us pleasure to find our views corroborated by the latest European authorities. In a sanitary point of view, the action of iron, the base which the nil of vitri ol is combined) in decomposing sulphuretted hydrogen, as staled by Dr. Slockliardt, is important, . ' " . As to the qunntily of copperas that ought lo be thrown into a tank of liquid manure, no precise directions can be given, as ilia farmer uses barely enough to arrest the aminonical melt; and when it again appears, a little more of the green vitriol is used as he fori. In making compost heaps, some care and skill Ire needed to prevent lli.t kind of heal ing called' "firtfaag" In which operation the strength ttf the manure is thoroughly im paired.. Welling the heap is the preventive Uajllly resorted to. either by pouring or pump ing ovt'r the drainings, or hy adding fresh wa ter. Manure ought never to be heaped over about four feet, na.-tiiuhrly in warm weather, as tho clieiiiiual.jicti,:n' Jiabre lobe too rapid, and consume the must. 'Jodcrale and steady decay is what is needed. The larger-' the mass of manure, and the higher il is piled, the greater wiit he the ililf-r enc In respect to the stages of decomposition between the' upper and lower layers ; the lower slniltiin , will be umuiotis, that, in ihe eentri merely mellow, and that above, alto gether strawy.' Turning oVrsnlie heap is de signed t remedy Uie.iiwqualiiy, am! mix Ihe manure thoroughly together i It loses in weight ecordingto the extent of decomposition, and th amount of exp.wure to washing rains and atmospheric influences, without fixing either Ihe earbonie acid or ammonia generated in the process of decay. In ho way can the carbonic acid in manure bs turned lo a better account than by mixing' leached sir drippsjd ashes with it for h sifta-powerfully to render the bef.iro insoluble silicates of potash and lima which lorm the main bulk of ashes, sn J"ble, and suitable food for cultivated pi .nts. rhi principal iiSJt cI in rotting dung snd ll other organized suustanees used as manure, lo increase their solubility hi rain water. It is aUufoi this purpose that bone dustia treated with sulphuric cd, by which the soluble super phosphate or liuce-and gypsum nre lormed. Instead ol combining whir all the lime in bones, the sulphuric acij uuitc with only about half of it, while the phosphoric acid expelled unites with the lime which al ready has an atom of phosphoric acid lo one of niiieSnaliing" two pf the acid to one of the brsy'pr bi-pbusphate of lime, which is a solulmTsall, The minerals in manures have much influ ence in regulating their value. A .Saxon far mer has experimented on two marsh plants as fertilizers for many years, and uniformly found one. the " reed mace," a valuable ma nure; whilst the other, a "club ru.h," was nearly valueless. Their analyses gave the following results in one thousand pounds: Of to Vtei nac. ...... 50 ... Of lh ('lull msh 9.110 M Jo i 4 1 II Cin?t:tocnts. Ornii: mli-tjinre . . .. Xitri'jn thrrriH. . . . . . liiornui'.' pii!iancFs P.Uh sti'l SmiU l.iin Rlifl Mngnesia Plin"iliorii' Acid, ....... i Bili.a, I"! IS a 4 'J'he above figures' present an intereslinf studyNK the critical observer of agricultural phenomena. Let the fact be borne in mind that the test of practical experience, (the best of all tests.) proved the Heed to be a much better manure than Rush. As fond for culti vated plants, ihe one was highly nutritive, and the oilier about as nourishing as shoe-pegs fed in place of oats to a blind horse. In nitrogen, the dillcrcnce heitveen the reed and rush is next to nothing ; nor is the disparity in or ganic subsianee, (carbon, oxygen and hydro gen) sufficient to account for the widely differ ent fertilizing- power of the two plants. If ihe reader will rompare, the miner d or inor ganic substances in ihe above, table, he ' will i'iiiiI that the Keeil contains sixteen times more pulnsh and soda, nearly four tunes more lime, and three limes morefihosphorie acid than the Hnsli. These are alt valuable elements of: crops ; and their comparative abundance in the one plant and absence in 'the other, suffi ciently account for their unequal power as fertilizer. Facts like the above demonstrate the practical value of chtmiral analysis; for M illion! its assistance, no man could know ili.il one plant is far richer in phosphoric acid, lime, potash, niirogen and soda than anoiber. .Many plants now deemed worthless will one day he largely gr.iwn for making manure, or as food for Ihe agricultural staples of the country. The raw material fur the produc tion of grain, cotton, sunr-cane and tobacco, can never he accumulated as it ought to be, and in such quantities as cultivators need, tintil they sec the importance of nBilying the natural elements of fertility in the soil. Thes? ar.! emphatically tits only manures in the world. One hundred pnupds of the leaves of pine trees are worm twelve limes ine i e weight of pine wood, because in Ihe leaves which annually fall to the ground to enrich il, nature wisely stores up twelve times as much of the elements of fertility as are contained in nn equal weight of the body of the tree. The leaves of all plants form manure, so far as experience has fairly tested their value; but alio heie. liis that accrue from unv amendment are often greally diminished by tho had cnn li linn of the laud In which ihey have been ap plied. There are districts in Saxony where bone-dust produces no observable elfecls what ever, while guano works excellently, and where,indccd. the former, even when dissolved in sulphuric acid, shows no trace of operation nil the sec ind or third year. The cause of ibis peculiarity is not explained; perhaps it may arise from the fact thai the soil already abounds in sulphuric acid, and larks the am nion li which guano supplies. Saxon farmers use from 41)0 to 1,0011 pvunds ol bone-dust ier hnglish acre, which is euher plowed or bar rowed in before the seed is sown or planted. Pains should he taken tn1rillect bones and save ihein for manure. In cities and villa ges much valuable manure is annually wasted and olien in a way that creates Sickness. An articte so scarce, and every year becoming more needful to recuperate the cotton fields of ill South, should be everywhere husbanded with the grealest care. This ought lo he lone as well where ihe laud is naturally rich as where it is thin and sterile ; for a good soil can only he kept so permanently hy manuring il frequently in some way. Swamp mud and lime, or ashr, or both, can be used lo advan tage on thousands of 'farms ; while the glow ing of peas, corn, barley, rye and rools, lo lied stork and add to the manure heap, is a policy which we have steadily advocated in the f uitwttlor during ihe last six years. Whether we regard domest'c animals as an evil or not, all goiMrullivatnrs have found il lecessary to produce meat, wool, or labor al plowing and olhrr farm work. Not over half of iheir manure is saved and properly used in the United Stales. Bi sii vol! ToMcToes. It is just as sensi ble lo grow peas without bushing them as il is tomatoes. You may grojv boih in a slov enly sort of Way, if voti have plenty of room on the ground t but you can grow eilbcr twice as well upon someihtng lo supi o.t them, and loinatoes are decidedly better grown up in the air than near the ground, under the shade of a mass of vines. The best support for a to mato viue is a shor' bush set firmly in the ground. The branches have room lo spread' among ihe limbs and support the hcvy fruil. 1 lie plan is inucn lieiter llian lying lo stakes and Iriiinutiig, according lo our experience. 1 We have tried both ways. ' ' Condensed Moistire In Under Drains. I'rolessor Ma pes, in siieakiug of the advan tage of under drains, and how ihey a fleet the roots of vegetation hy moisture condensed by the atmosphere in dry, hot weather, says : Whoever knew ihe air al noon, on ihe hot " iesi day in summer, refuse lo deposit drops "of water on the outside surlacs of a cold uilcher ? Few persons can he found i . . . . , ., , who nave not, we presnmc, ooserveu uns cu rious nperaiioii j'but many can be found who have nn more idea how ihe drops got there. than'lhe boy hsd how' the chipmuck squirrel got to ihe bottom of the hole, al which point he asserted he fommenceu uiggmg, as tnai was lbs reason he left no dirt at the top. I he common expression is the pitcher' iweati ; and most children really believe that is the fact, because they never were taiignt any cot icr how should they be ! when, in all prob ability, their narents believed the same ihing. just as sincerely as many believe that undcr- draming will make laud loo dry, aim injure rattier than improve ihe product : f 1'i.abtk roil Cdicvlio a MkW Ruos. Scteral persons, whom we have conversed with arc .of the ooinion that plaster of Paris, ecat- tired over tree which are wet wilh dew or rain, Will pievent the ravages of Ihe eureulio. However that may be, we oelicye ii is oenen bugs. It will do trees nor vines any harm and will promote their growth. Manvrk roR Ti rmp. A.1 the South, cot ton seed is esteemed as the best manure in the world for turnips by some planters. It ii dropt in the drills and covered ihreet or four inches deep. Some think cotton seed keeps off the turnip fly. Il is mow owing lo the vigor that il gives to the p! ints. We have no cotton reed here, but we have a much belter manure in guano or super phospherate nl lime. These fertilizers will make turnips grow upon the pooiesl old pasture in tins Slatr. .To Clanse FtKK Woil.'I here are a few old fashioned houses from which ihe spinning wheel is, not yet entirely abandoned Ih inmates of such do not always know how to ie-iuse the gum out of merino wool, he ore sending il to the carding machine. I.el them cut oul and preserve lliis direction, hy which we have cleansed many a hundred weight, some of which was almost as black as nv hat, wilh dirt and gum, characteristic of all hue wool sheep. For 100 lbs. of wool, take 4 gallons of urine, and 8 gallons of rain water, mix and heat a little above blood heal, until ihe skuin rises, which skim off. Keep it at ihe same beat in a kettle on coals or a little fire out of doors. I'm in what wool the kettle will con veniently hold, and let il remain aboul five niinstes take it out on a board that will drain tac-liquid hack into the kettle, or else put it in a basket over a lub, so as not lo waste ihe liquid, for it will be equally good for the last baich as the fust. When it is drained, put tne basket under a stream of water running on it if convenient, or in a running stream if you can, or else with plenty of clear waler in ' large tuli, il will wash very easy, aud be as " while as wool." Don't forget to sprinkle ihe dirty liiuid upon the poorest spot in the garden, for il in a powerful in inure. The same kind of liquid is ihe heal thing known lo :rke ihe din and grease out of any kind of foul woolen c'olbs or yarn. I'keservimu I'riit ix I1otti.es. Straw berries, raspberries blackberries, currants. peachi s, in lacl any fruil may be preserved in air-tight bottles, so as to retain its natural flavor.- with but linle labor or expense. The following is ah excellent mode: v Fill the botih-s quite full with fruit not quite ripe; place lliein, wilh 'the corks put lightly inlo them, in a copper wilh cold water up lo ihe necks, and gradually raie the tem perature of the water lo I (10 degrees, and not exceeding 170 degrees Fahr. .Keep them at this lenipcraluie half nn hour; then lake each, oul separately, and fill il up wilh boiling waler Irom a kettle In within an inch of the cork ; drive in the cork firmly, tie ilvcr, and dip il immediately inlo bolile wax, and lay the bol ile dawn its side, to Weep the cork always damp. To prevent fermentation, turn each buttle half round twice or thrice a week for two or three weeks ; afier lhat ihey will need n further care. The corks should be soaked in water two or throe days before being used.' Another mode is to lie the corks before put I'ng ihe bottles in (he water. The heal expels the ailr from the f nit. As soon as the bullies are cool enough, aply ihe sealing wax. We have eaten peaches in winter which were cut up aud bullied, and kept in this way, almost as good as when cut up for the table fresh from the tree. I he secret consists in exhausting the air from the bottles, and making the corks air-tight. t AN AFFECTIX; SCENE. Lieutenant Parsons, in his "Nelsonian Ke miniscences," relates ihe following: Kirhard liennet.'when mortally wounded in one of Nelson's battles, bad requested lhat a miniature and a lock of bis hair should he given by Lieutenant I. to his sweetheart Su- seit.-, in Scotland. I hr gallant lieutenant thus described Ihe interview. "Il was al Ihe close of a day, when a bright July sun was selling, that I arrived at the pretty cottage of Suseite's mother. I tremu lously stated who I was to the most respecta ble matron 1 ever saw, of French extraction, lu broken and billcr accounts of heartfelt grief she told me her -daughter's death was daily expected, and jfcquelcd lime lo prepare lier lo see mr. s 'At last she expressed a wish lo seethe friend of Kichard Dennett; and I was admitted lo the lairesl daughter of Eve. And I fMmd ihe world unequal lo her charms. She was propped up with pillows, near ihe open lat lice of her bed room that was clustered with roses. Her white dress and the drapery of ihe room accorded with ihe angelic vision who now lurned her lustrous eves upon me, veil ed in long, fringed eyelids. She held out her transparent hand, ami gently pressed mine as I stooped to kiss it: and, as she felt my tears drop on il, softly murmured, "I wish I could riy; that would relieve my poor heart. - rhe gasped for breaih, and respired wilh difficulty. I he luck ol hair quickly, lei me see il! She caught at it wildly, pressed it lo her lips id heart, and fell back. Her mother and I thought she had fainted; but the pure and in nocent soul had relumed lo God Uud who gave il. ' Anecdotes of Mr. Vehster are always ac- ceptaMe especially nev ones. Here is one, for which we are indebted lo a correspondent of ihe Ii ton Transcript. "In the summer of 1823, When mere lad, I was at Swift's in" Sandwich My then schoolmaster was there also, nd from whom I had the talc John Ttout was Ihe well known" soubriquet of the fisherman who at tended the atn iteur anglers on iheir excur sions. - John was not lemarkable for his ve racity, but quite otherwise, when his success wilh Ihe hook and Huh was ihe subject of his story. One day he was 4 out' wilh Mr. Webster. Uoth wen standing in Ihe lironk. patient waiters for t bite, when Mr. W. told John how he caught a large, very large troui. on a former occasion., , ' i out jnnor, aai John, : tli.it was very well for a gentleman. But once, when I was standing down by yon der bush, I took a fish wighing" I forget how much, but of course many ounces more than the treat lawyer's big . fish. 'Ah! John, John.' ectaiined Mr. Webster, Yoj art? an amnii'Acmis snimal you lie in the water anil you lie out of it.'". , . ", ,'.. i .,'.. ... . p: f.. " ' 1111 , ' Fight against a hasiy temper. ' A spark may set a home on firei a fit of passion may cause run to mourn long. and biiterly. Gov-. C'OLm BESTO.V9 HISTORY. lAS'NO 1851-J. tjriXfT A"lAMs FKK8IDEXT RETIRING OK MR. MAMS. Philosophic in his temperament and wise in his conduct, governed in all his actions by reason uud judgment, and deeply iinbued with Bible images, this virtuous and patriotic man ( whom Mr. Jefferson called the last of the Unmans,") had longed fixed the term of his political existence al the age which ihe Psalm ist assigns for lha limit of manly life : - The days of our years ra threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they' be fourscore years, yet is their strength, labor and sorrow, oft) it is soon cut off, snd we lly away." lie touched that age in 1828, and, true lo all his purposes,, he, was true in his resolve in this, and executed it wilh the quieiuds and indifference of an ordinary tranaaetion. He was in lbs niddl of a third Senatorial term. in the full possession of all his faculties of mind and bony ; but his tints for retirement bad come the lime fixed by himself, tul fixed upon conviction and for well c msidered reasons, and inexorable In him as if fixed by fale. To the friends who urged bun to re main to the end ol his term, and who insisted that his mind was as good as ever, he would answer thai it was good enough vet to let him know that he ought to quit office before his mind quit him, and" that he did not mean lo risk the fate of ihe Archbishop of Grenada. He resigned his Senatorial houors ns he had worn tliein, meekly, unostentatiously, in a letter of thanks and gratitude In the General Assembly of his Siiile, uud gave lo repose al home thai interval of thought and quietude which every wise Inan would wish to place between the turmoil of life and Ihe stillness of eternity. He had nine years of this tran quil enjoyment, and died without pain or suf fering June 2Uih, 1837, eharaclerisiic ill death as in life. It was eight o'clock uPlhe morn ing when be fell lhat ihe supreme hour had come, had himself lull-dressed with bis habit ual neatness, walked in the room and lay upon the bed, hy tutus conversing kindly wilh those who were about him, snd showing by his conduct thai he was ready nnd wailing, bin hurry ing nothing. It was the drtlh of So crates, all but the hemlock, and in lhat full faith of wuich the Grecian sage had only a glimmering. Ho directed his own grave on the point of a sterile ridge, (where nobody would wish to plough,) and covered with a pile of rough flint stone, (which nobody would wish lo build with,) deeming this sterility and the uselessness of this rock ihe best security lor thai Undisturbed repose of the bones which is still desirable to those who are indifferent to monuments. In almost all strongly marked Trmracters there is usually some incident ot sign in early life which shows that character and reveals lo ihe close observer the type of the future man.. So il was Mr. Macon. His firmness, his patriotism, his self-denial, his devotion to duly and disregard of office and emolument ; bis modesty, int'griiy, self-control, nnd sub jection of conduct to the convictions of reason and the dictates ol virtue, all so steadily ex emplified in a long I f.', were all jliowo from ihe early age of eighteen, in the miniature representation of individual action, and only confirmed in the subsequent public exhibitions of a long, beautiful, and exalted carei r. II was of lhat age, nnd a student at Princeton College, at Ihe time of ihe Declaration of American Independence. A sma'l volunteer corps was then on Ihe Delaware. He quit his books, joined it, served a term, returned to Princeton, aud resumed his studies, lii the vear 1778, the Southern Slates had bc- Co.ne a battle-field, big widi their own fale, and possibly involving the issue of the war. ISriush Heels and armies appeared there. strongly supported by the friends of the Brit ish cause; and the conquest ot theSoiilli was fully counted upon. Help was needed in these Stales; and. Mr. Macon, quilling col lege, relumed lo his native county in .North Carolina, joined a ill ill tia company as a pri vate, and marched to South Carolina, then ihe Iheulre of the enemy's operations, lie had his share in all the hardships and disas ters of that trying time; was al Ihe fall of tort Moultiic, suriemler ol Charleston, de feat of Camden, and in ihe rapid winter re ireat across the upper pari of North Carolina. lie was in the camp on the left bank of the Yadkin when the sudden floudingnf thai river. in ihe brief interval between the crossing of Ihe Americans and the coining up of tho Brit ish, arrested the pursuit ol Cnrnwailis, and enabled Greene to allow some rest In his wearied and exhausted men. In this camp, destitute of every thing and with gloomy prospects ahead, a summons came lo Mr. Alacou from Ihe Governor of North Carolina requiring him to attend a meeting of Ihe Gen eral Assembly, of which he had been elecled a member, without his knowledge, Jty ihe people or Ins county. Ho refused lo go;' aud the incident being talked of dirntVi the camp, cams lo ihe knowledge of the (.crteml. Ureene was a man liimsell, and able to know a man. lie felt at ouco lhat, if this report was true, this young soldier was no common character, snd determined to verify the fact. He sent for the voting man. inquired of him, heard lire truth, and then asked for the reason of ibis unexpected conduct ibis preference for a suffering camp over a comforl.ibla scat in the General Assembly I i Mr. Macon an swered him, in bis qu.ii-il and sententious way, thai he had seen the laces of the British many tunes, but had never seen their backs, and meanl to stay lu lha army till he did. Greene instantly saw ihe imiteri.il the young man was made of, aud the handle by which he was In b Worked. ' That material was patriotism ; that handle a sense of duty ; and laying hold of Ibis handle he quickly worked the young soldier u.lo u d.llcrent conclusion lioui i lie one dial he had arrived at. He told him he could do more good ss a member ui the General Assembly ilmnasa soldier; thai in the army he was but one man, snd iu the General Assembly he migbloblain many, with the supplies they needed, by showing the destitution and suffering which he had seen in ihe camp, and that it was h, duly to go. This view of duty and usefulness a asdecisive. Mr. Macon obeyed the Governor s summons ; and by his representations contributed lo ob tain Ihe supplies which enabled Greene to turn back ind face OnrilwafFii, Tight him. cripple him, drive him further back than !' had advanced, (for W ihninjlon is south of Camden.) disable him from remaining in the South, (of which, up lo the battle of Guilford, he believed himself to ba master,) sid send ing htm to Yorktowir, where he was eanturcd, .. I.I 1:1. ... i sun me war rnueu. Tbs philosophy of history lial twl yet laid hold of the battle of Guilford, its consequences and effects. That battle made the capture at Yorkmwn. The events are told in every history Iheir connection and dependence in nonet It broke up the plaa of Cornwallis in the South, snd changed the plau of Washing ton in die North, i Cornwallis Wag to subdue the Southern States, and Jas doing d until Greene turned upon him at Guilford.- Wash ington was occupied with Sir Henry Clinton, then in New York, with 13,001) British troops. He had formed the heroic design In capture Clinton and his army the French fleet co-operating) in lhat city, and thereby putting ail end lu tbu war. . -All his preparations were going on for that grand consummation when he got the news of the battle of Guilford, tlie retreat of Cornwallis to Wilmington, his ina bility Mi k-ep lha field hub South, and his return northward UinHsxh the lower part of Virginia. He saw his advantage an easier prey tne same result, if successful. Corn wallis or Clinton, or either of them captured, woutu put an end lo the war. Washington changed his plan, deceived Clinton, moved rapidly upon the weaker general, captured nun and ins 7UUI) men, and ended Ihe war.- The battle of Guilford put thai capture into asiiingion s iiamls, and thus Uutllord and Yorklowu became connected ; and Ihe phi losophy of history shows their dependence, and that the (esser event was father to Ihe greuler. The Stale of North Carolina gave Geu. Greene 83,000 acres of Western land for that day's work, nn worth a million of dollars; but the day itself has not yet ob- taiueu in proper place in American history. The military lifi) of Mr.1 Macon finished with his departure from the camp nn lha Yad kin, and his civil public life commenced on bis arrival at the General Assembly, to which he had beer summoned lhat civil public life in which he was cbniiiiued above tony years by free elections Iteprescniaiive in Congress under Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison, and long the Sneaker of ihe House '; Senator in Congress under Madison, Monroe, and John Quiucy Adams, and olten elected President ol the Senale, and unlil oluntarily declining; twice refused to be Post-.Master General under Jefferson ; never lakin any ollice but if at to which he was elecled; anil resigning bis last Senatorial term when it was only half run. But a cliaractcrislio trail re mains lo be told of bis military life one that has neither precedent or imitation, ('the exam ple of Washington being out of the line of comparison;) ha sefused lo receive fiay or accept promotion, and served diree years as a private through mere devotion lo his country. And all the long length of his IKe wss coin forinable to this patriotic and disinterested beginning ; ind thus ihe patriotic principles of Hie future Senator were all revealed in early life, and in ihe obscurity of an unknown situation. Conformably to this beginning, he refusedlio take anything under the modern aeis of Congress for tho benefit of the survi ving officers and soldiers ol the revolution, and voted against iheni all, saying they had siill'ered alike, (citizens and military,) and all been rewarded together in the establishment of independence; that the debt to the army had been settled by pay, by pensinns lo lha wounded, by half-pay and land to the officers ; that no military claim could be founded on depreciated continental paper money, from which the civil fuclionaries who performed service, and the farmers who furnished sup plies, sufferc J as much as any. On this prin ciple he voted against the bill lor Lafjyeile, against all the modern revolutionary pensions aud land bounty acts, and refused to take any thing under lliein, (for many were applicable lo himself.) . His poll ical principles were deep-rooted, innate, subject to no change, and lo no ma chinery of party, lie was Dcmnctatio in the broad sense of word, as signifying . capaci ty in the people for self-government, and in its paiiy sense as in favor of a plain and eco nomical administration of the Federal Gov ernment, and against IntilUtlinarian construe lions of the Constitution.' ' l!a was a party man. not in the hackneyed sense of the word, but only where principle was concerned, and was independent of party in all his social re la. ions, nnd in nil the proceedings which he disapproved. . Of this be gave a strong in stance in ihe case of Geu, Hamilton, whom he deemed honorable and patriotic, and utter ly refused to be concerned in a .movement pr.ipossd tu affect him personally, though politically opposed to him. He venera ted Witi'iingion, admired the- varied abili ties and high qualiiea of Hamilton, and es teemed und respected the eminent Federal gentlemen of bis time. He had affectionate regard for Madison . arid Monroe but Mr. Jefferson was to hint llio full and perfect ex emplification of the Republican statesman. His almost fifty years of personal and politi cal friendship and association wilh Mr. Ran dolph is historical, and indissoluhly connects their names and memories in the recollec tion ol iheii friends and ill history, if it does them justice. Ha wss the early friend of Gen Jackson, and intimate with him when he wss a Senator in Congress under the admin istration nf the elder' Mr. Adams, and Was able lo tell Congress and lha , world who he was when he began lo astonish Europe and America by his victories. He wa lha kind observer of the conduct of young men, encnur auig them hy judicious commendation when he sawlhein making efforts is become useful aud respectable , aud never noting their faults. Ha wss just in all tilings, and in that most dillicull of all things, judging political oppn. neuis, to whom he would d i no wrong, not merely in words or ucl, but in thrmglit. . lie spoke frequently in Congress, stwayi lo the point, ind briefly and wisely; and was one of those speakers which Mr. Jefferson des cribed Doctor Franklin tu be s speaker of no pretensions and great prrfoMianer, w ho spoke more good sense while h was getting up out of bis chair and getting back into it than roiny .others did in long discourses) and fie suffered no reporter lo dress up a speech for him. , lie was above the pursuit nf wealili, hut also above dependence snd idleness; and, like an old Roman of the elder Cam's lime. worked in ihe fields nl tho head ol ins stairea in the intervals of publie duty; and did not cease this labor pmil advancing sge rendered hiuanable lo etaud the hut sun or the sum mir the only season of the year when Sena torial duties left him al liberty to work in his fields, I think it was the summer of 1817 he told me was Ihe last he tried it, and lonnd the sun urn hot for, him then sixty yenr of age, a Senator, and the refuser of all office. How often I -Ihink uf him when. I sej si Washington yohusiious men going through a area of suppttritio.i, irilrjhtinn, and degrada tion lo obtain office - which the salvation of the soul does not impose upon the vilest sin ner! His fields, his flocks, and' his herds yielded an ample supply of domestic productions.- A small crop of tobacco three hogs heads when tha crop was good, two when bud purchased the exotics .which eomforl Sod necessity required, and whirh lha larvi did not produce, He was -not rich, but rich enough in dispense hospitality and charity, In receive ill guests In his house, 1 from the President to Die dsy laborer no oilier title being ncet ssary tu enter hui house but thai of an nonest mnn; rich enough to bring up Ins family (Iwodaughters) as accomplished ladies, and marry them in accomplished gentlemen one to William Martin, Esq., snd the other to WiUinrrt ' Eaton. ' Esq.. of Roanoke, my early school fellow and friend' for mora than half a century; and, above all, he was rich enough lo pay is ha went in Mver lo awe t dollar lo any man." ' ,: ' He was steadfast in his friendships, and would stake himself for a- friend, but would violate no point of iiublie duty to please or oblige him. Of this his relatione with it. Itandolph gave a signal instance. He drew a knife lo defend him In the theatre a Phila delphia ahen .menaced by some Wnl and milatary olAcers for words spoken in debate, and tleeme J offensive lo their professions; yd, whcit Speaker of the House of Representa tives, he displace! , Mr, Randolph from the head of the Committee pf Ways and Means, because the. chairman of that committee should be on terms of political friendship with lite Administration, which Mr. Randolph had llten censed lobe with Mr. Jclferson s, lie was above Executive ollice, even the, higlicai the President teould give; but not above the lowest the people could give, taking that of justice of the peace in his county and refusing that of Postmaster-General lit Wash ington. .., lie was opposed to , nepotism and all quartering of his connexions on the Gov ernment; and in the course of his foriy. years' service, with the absolute friendship of many Administrations and the perfect respocf or all, he never hsd office or contract for any of his blood. He refused to be a candidate for the Vico Presidency, hut look the place of'Eliw- tor on the Van Buren ticket in 1830. Ho was against paper money aud lha paper sys tem, and was accustomed to present the s rung argument against it in the simple phrase, that this was a hard-money. Government, made by bard-money men, who had seen Ihe evils, of paper money, and meant losave their posterity Irom It. .lie was opposed lo sccu rilyships, and held lhat no man might to be entangled in tha affair another, and thai the interested parlies alone those who expected la find their profit in lbs traniaclioo should bear Ihe bad consequences, as well a enjoy Ihe good ones,, ot their own dealings.. lie never cillcd any one "friend" without being sn; and never expressed faith in lha honor and integrity of a man without aciing- uplo Ihe declaration when lha ore il in required it. rims, in eonstitiuiiig Ins frieud'Weldon IS, Edwards; Esq.. his testamentary, and sole executor, with large disereiionary powers, be left all to his honor, and forbid hi in tn ac count Ui any court- or power for the manner in which he would execute that trust.. This prohibition was in , rhiractcristic and ro honorable to both parties, and has been so well justified by tha event, thai I give il in his own words, as copied from his will, lo Wit! ; , .. ',., . , ; I subjoin the following, in my own hand writing, as a codicil la this my last will i nd testament, and direct thai il be a pari then f that is lo say, having full, faith in the hon r and integrity of my executor above nam -d. he shall not be held lo account to any court or power whatever for the discharge of Ihe trust confided by ms to him in and by the foregoing will. , a. , And ihe event has proved that hio judgment. as always, committed no inittakn when it he. stnwed that confidence., lie had his peculi. arlies idiosyncracics, if any one pleases but they were born with him, suited lo him, becoming in him, eonstilutine a part of his chirnclrr.ind necessary to his cttmptatcncsa. Ho never subscribed in. charities, but give, and freely,' secording to hi means -thn lull hand not Knowing what his right hand did. He never subscribed for Dew books, giving is a reason ID the soliciting agent that nobody purchased his tobacco unlil it was inspected, snd he could buy no book until he h id ex. amined it. Ha would not attend lha Congress Presidential Caucus of 1821, although it was sure . lo nominate his own choc , (Mr. Crawford; and when a reason wit wan e J, gave It in ihe briof answer lhat , he al- tended one ones and they cheated him, and he had laid he would never attend another. He always wore the same dress lhat i to say, a suit of tha same material, cut and color, superfine navy blue the whole suit from the sane piece, nnd in Ihe fashion of ihe lime of Ihe Revolution, and always replaced by a new one before it showed age. He waa ne t! in his person, always wore fine linen, a fine camhrick stork.a fin fur hat, with a brim lo it, fair 'tipibuDls the hnotsmilsideofthe pan taloon, on .the principle - that Icajltel was snonger thsn cloth. Ha wouhl wear no man' honors, and when complimented nn the re port on the Panama mission, which as chair man of tha Committee on Foreign Relations, he had presorted to the Senale, lie would an swer "Yes; l is a good report; Tazewell wrote il." Left In himself, he waa ready In take lha Inst place and tho lowest seal anywhere; but in his Iteprescniaiive rapacity lie would suffer no derogation of eonsliiuliouul or of a xptilar right. Thus, when Kpenker of the House; and a place behind the Presidoiit's Secretaries had been assigned hint in some ceremony, he disregarded ihe programme, n usL as the elect of the elect of all the people, UMTS his place next niter Ih.we whom, the nail mid vole had elected. And in 1803, on the ques tion lo rhanga the form of luting for I'resi dcnl and Vice President, snd the vote want ing nn of ihe consiiiuiinn.il number of two thirds, he resisted the rule of the House which restricted the . Speaker's vote Inr a lie,' or In a vote which would make a lie, claimed his ciiiislilutiiinat right as a member, obtained it, gave the vole, made Ihe two-thirds, and car ried the amendment. And, what may well be deemed idiosyncratic! in these day a, he was punctual in ihe , performance of all his minor duties lo the Senale, attending it sit tings lo tne moment, attendum all the commit lees to which ha Wa appointed,, attending all Ihe funerals of the member and officers of tho Houses, always in timo at every i lice whera duly requited hiiu, and refusing double mileage for one travelling, when elecled from tha House of Reprcscntativy'S to ihe Scii-jfr, or summoned lo an extra session. He wss , sn habitual reader arid S Uilent of the Bible, a " pi6ii'iiffd' religious man, and of the "Baptist ' persuasion," as he was avcusmured lu ex press it. ' ' , I have a pleasure In recalling the recoJIre- ' lions of this wie, just snd good man, and in writing them down, not without proSt.I lufpe, . to rising generations, and at least as extend ing tho knowledge of tho kind of men to whom wo sre indebted for our independence sncl . fnr the form of Government which they es tablished for us.' Mr. Mu.-on. was the real ' Cincinnatiis of America, the pride and. orna ment of my native Slate, my-hereditary friend through four generations, my mentor in the first seven of my Senatorial aud the last, seven of hi Senatorial life; and a feeling nf fjrsriiud and of filial affection mingles itself with this discharge of historical duty to hi memory;. -;.-, . -- . . Frsnt the Bapllsi Hsglsterjr '. PATRICK HENRY; '--' . The Englisjl Church, lisving been estate . lished by laW in Virginia, became, as all socht establishments are' wont to do, exceedingly intolerant towards other sreis. In prosecu tion nf this system of conversion, three Bap- tisl clergymen haft been indiclrd,'al Freder- -iekshiirg, for preaching the gospel, of ihe Son of God contrary lo the statute. Henry, hear- ( mg ol this, rodo some fifty mile! to volume -i his services in defence of the oppressed. ' ' lie entered lha court, being 'iiikw-wn to all present sat a the bench and the bar, while ihe indictment wa being rcml by the clerk. Iff sat wiihin the Hnr unlil thff -rcading w.-.s fin- ished, and the King' attorney had conclud ed some icinark in defence nf ' the prosecu tion, when he arose, reached out his hand for' 1 ih pnpesyand, without mora ceremony, pro ceeded with the following speech : : ' "May il plena your worship! ; I think I heard read by the firoircutor, as I entered) this house, Ihe paper I now hold in my hand. If I hav rightly understood, the King's al torncy of the colony has framed ak indict ment for lha purpose of arraigning ai,a punish ing hy imprisonment, Ihrcs inoffensive per sons before the bar of this court, fur a crime of great magnitude as disturbers of lha peace. May it please the court, what did I hear read ! Did I hcar-iltsiiuclly or waa it a . mistake of my own f Did Ihnar.an expree sinn, as il a crime, that these men, whonf your worship ara. almut to try for misdemean- " or, are charged -svfth whH"-nu eontinu- Ing in a low, solemn; heavy lone, vpreaChmg Ihe gospel of lha 8on nf 'God !" Pausing amidst the most profound silence nnd breath less astonishment, he slowly waved me paper threu times around his head, when, lifting hi . hands and eyes fo heaven,, with peculiar ami impressive energy, he exclaimed, fflreoff 06Jl' iThe ec!nhlRtionllie burst of feel-" ing frunt lha audience rcre overpowering Mr. llanry resumed f r;; I "May il please yoirr Worships ! in a day like this hen"lrulli is iboul lo burst her1 ' fellers when mankind are about lo be arous ed to claim their natural - snd -inalienable- right when lha. yoke 'of oppression, lhat has reached the wilderness of America, and he unnatural alliance of ecclesiastical anil civil power, are about lo "be dissevered at ich a period, when liberty liberty of con science is about to awske from her slumher ing', nil J inquire, into lha reason, of sncH charges as 1 find exhibited her to-day in this , ind cmertl! Another learful pause while ih speaker alternately east his sharp piereins aya en the ei.urt and th prisoners, and re- , suined ; If I am tint deteivetf, according tot ih content of ihe paper I nnvr hold in my hand, these men are accused ot' preaching the gO'pel of lha Sim of God I . Another Inns pause, while he again wared the indictment around his hesd while a deeper impression ' was made on Hie auditory.,. Resuming In sperc'it 41y- M . pleas your . worships :, there s'e periods ta the history ol man, When enrrupiion and depravity have so long debas ed Ui human character, that snau link un; dor Ihe weight nf the oppressor' handhe comes his -rvile, hi abject slave; he lick t tha hand that smites him I ha bow in pas sive obedience to ih niaml.iu sof the drSpntj and, in litis stats of servility, he receives In fetter of perpetual bondage, Bft, may it1 , please your worships, such a day lis passed :tway I . From t'tat period when oBf fnlher left the land of their nativity for settlement , in these American . wilds for liberty (of civil and religious liberty for liberty of corx sciene lo worship iheir Creator secording tot iheir own conception 0f Heaven' revealed! will-vlrom the moment they niaced tnair ' fuel upon Ihe American continent, and, in lha deeply i-rfhediled forest, sought an asy luiu from persecution and tyranny from liml fnomejit, , despotism was crushed the fetcrs of dark- , en, and heaven -ovcreeil - that man should be free free lo worship God c. cqrding tn Uie IMile. Were it not for this, in vain Were all their sufferings and bloodshed to' subjugate litis New World, if we, theif offspring, must still be oppressed and perse cuted. But, may it please your Worships, permit me to inquire once more, for what are -these moo aboul to be tried I Thia paper' says, "for preaching the gospel of the Saviour lu Adam's fallen race." And, in lone of thunder, be eaclaimed "ll'hai law Aire" Ihry tlulateir"" While the third time, in a ' luvj dignified msiiner,"' he lifted his eye In heaven, and Waved thn indictment around hi betid. ? The cwrt anil iidieirf4 were now wrought up to the most intense pilch of ea citcrnent, The face nf Hid prosecuting' attor ney was pallid, ami gtiaslly, nnd he appeared unconscious thai his whole frame, ta agils led with alarm while the judge, in a tremu lous voice, pin sir end to the cene, now be coming excessively painful, by tha authorita-' live, declaration, "sherUT, discharge those men,' ' ' ; .'-"': - A Willy (awjer once j'icosely asked a board ing housekeeper Ihe following qursiion : Mr. if a mail giveajim ?j00 to keep for him snd tties, -liatJtlXrfuu-'do X dt you prow f,-r tiiitiT No sir," replied Mr. - , t pray for an other like hirn. A judge oul west has derided 11 ''kissing ' body" while "coming ihruiirh the rye" is . legd. This has an important snd interesting, hearing uu the rye ruhiim. and on the happi ness of mankind iir general., To lie re d!y sn I truly independent, 1 to sttppon oi. . elves b our cuiln us.
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 10, 1853, edition 1
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