- JloT-CotaSna kf jar;
. . riaiisuru nr
WILLIAM C. DOUB,
HUTot AN rcfllITO.
. T B R M 8 i v s
If paid strirt'y in advance, two tinHers per an
mlii dollars eoJ fifty cent, if paid within
en Months; and three doilsra B( (lit eud of the
year. ' ' . ..
AtH'KZTISKVRS'TS tw.t excetding sixteen,
line wi:l b iaeortrd on time fur one dollar, and i
twenty easts fur vacn auhsequent insertion.
Those ef ireatiir length will be charged propor
tionally.' Coart (Irion and Ju lieial advert uwdcUi
''I htra23p.r. kigher th the
nitra. Amnn.U, tlrln uu mil Do Je
tliose wlio iiWertine hy the yeer. 4 s : i v-
Book m4 Job Printing done ith lieataws and
deepatch, and en accemmodnting terma. . ;
Uttera to the, K4iUr must be poat.paid.
KEPtHIT OF tllfi-iiBCKf.TARY OF WAR.
Tbi. like the other pu blio lutnenK U of
(jrr it length. It eomnieuoca hy Muting that the
iiutlioriiod mronglh uf the Army, aa now noaled,
ji 13l!l offieirs aiid tnen--but tbe actual
utrenKth i ortly 10, 117. Of this timulier S,S7 8 are
einluveil on the frontiers, or are on the rente to
theyiftnil the Soaretary domes pleanitre from
. lMing ahlr toanv that the measures taken fr the
prutertion of the inhnliitanta of our frontioia of
late have boon more than unusually auocosful.
Indian di-preilatioua hare been comparatively
infrequent, and. escept in California aud thpin,
have not attained more local iiniwrtaiiM'. In the
Indian country, immediately wo.t of the . Jliaii-'!
and arrangement am now in pnigiesa for the
estahluhiuout of ueer poate, ia more iinportoct
piwitiutia, which will enable the Iopartiuont to
.linpenac with many uuimiKrtant po8t.s, aud give
additional scouritv. '
In Texaa, tho Indian doprodatlona have diini
ninhed in freqency and iinHrtan(.'e ; and in a
majority of eases, a the ltepartinent has een
nforiucd, tho doprodationa have hccQ cxunuiittod
by Iinl'inn from Mexican territory. . Ou the llio
(ImriUo, tho protoution of the iiihaVitan(aand the
enforcement of the fultilinent of treaty stipulutiona
on the part of the Mexican Uovernmeut, have
made it necessary to strengthen ourpogttionsaad
increase the unmbor of men. Althuugh a peace
has been obtained on that frontier, there ia no
naaurance that it will he observed, uulcaa a atrong
force be kept stationed there, and consoucutly
it.ia the inteutioQ of the Department to aend an
additional force. Itixtheopiuionof the Secretary,
that with an army throe times a great at ours,
it would be impraclicablaaoto guard all points
of our exteuihxl froutier aa entirely 'to prevent
Inrtiuu UepmlationB. It l, tberclore, tlio in
tention to prwt the troo)e in large bf..Hoa 011 im
portant points, and rcduco the number oHteiuall
detaehiuents. ' - '
The a.propTlation or tho erection and im
provement of permanent fortifications, , for three,
years pa-it, have either been refused or greatly
rcduecJ, under the iiuprcasioo that they dipend-
1 upon the prosecution of a aystcui of fortifi
cations. This the (Secretary auggosta is. not the
' case, and remarks that tioweyer it may be hence
f trth viewed ; the armament for important posts in
Texas and on the l'acifie coast, should be sent
at the earliest period possible. After speaking
at length cjneerniug incre.ved re.(uiroments for
the transportation of atoi cs, it ia estimatod that
KM) recruits will be reipiired for the servico of
the ensuing year. It is thought at I lie prabont
rate of pay. it will be difficult, whilo other ciu
ployincuta offer higher rewards, to secure the re
quisite number of men, although it is of the ut
most iinpirtunco that they should be had,
and that the full number of rank and file should
be maintained.
It ia shown by nn pjaniinatinnfjf the statistics
of the army, from iHlitj to the litjginning of the
war with Mexico that the awrnge excess .of the
legal over the actual strength of the army was
lis or ceut of the latter: that the average loa by
desertion has ls'on 1-11-4 per cent, hy discharges,
f'r debility and other cau.-o, 7 per cent, iiiol by
deaths ouly 4 per cent -or thut the total hiss in
deteudetit of discharges by expiration id" vervit.
lias been 124 3-4 per cent of the actual strengths
f tha army. ttim'O the termvnatioti y' the war
wih Mexico, the excess ,f the leirti' irvsr tbm
actual strength has lieeit ltt oev ;lteKyi-.ic
loss by desertion Id per ce it ; ly 'ii.' !;., tr
dehilility and other c:in-e-. K j-r cent, . .i.'.h
4 K'r cent; or a t"ial i i: .i.vi.'. .tc:tt i f (i
charges by e.pirati.n of emm, -i L or cent.
A port of the .lee. ii ni is due to i,edi,-.e,'
gtdd in tliforuia. J'he Mime hso ii.f'uei.ced
the lniinlsT f re-euliiirients. The prnpt.i-th 11
tluring tho last fie years wa 17 isr cent, while
during the threo years prnee ling the war with
Mexico it was 25 tor cent. Tuee icsolis the
Secretary travs to two princital causes.
1. The disparity Iwtwecn the pay of ti e
soldier ami the vah i of Ulsir in oiul life.
2. The fact that length of service etwries with
it no reward) either iu inereaoa j ay, rank or
privilege.
Both those cauea are alhc firuitfill source of
disatisfaction aud desertion,-alnd they prevent
the re-enlistment of the most valuable men.
Thus in an aruijpof I0,utJ( men, av bit b is about
the actual strength of our military etablishment,
ns at present organizeil, there will Is3 annually,
under existing circumstances of pay and service,
1.29U disohargej by exiiiration of enlitment;
720 discharges for disability, 4c; 330 deaths and
1,445 desertions j or 3,81 1 vacancies annually, of
which only '219 are filled by re-enlistments. "Tha
actual annual loss to the Army to be supplied by
the enlistment of new men will therefore be 3.
6'.t& Or, in other words more than mie-third ol1
the armv must every year bo recruited and trans
ferred from the depots to Iheir regiments. In
view of these experiences, the Secretary (recom
mends the. adoption of such nit a ones aa will
prevent desertions and keep the raulu full. A
iniui" such, he suggest-, ,
l."n increase of per cent! of tho. present
pav of the soldier. , '
An additional increase fof each successive
period of five years, so long as ho shall remain
111 the army.
4. I'nivision for the promotion to the lowest
grade of commissioned officers of such of the non
commissioned officers of the army s may bo
found qualified for, and, by their conduct, chai-no
ter and services, entitle'! to inch advancement.
It is also suggested that the soldier, honorably
discharged, who shall re-enlist within one men ill
thereafter,, shall bo entitled to S2pcr month
in addition to the ordinary pay of his grade, fr
the Srstjiermd of Are years, anil a further increase
of $1 per UKinrfr4nueh successive period j and
that those now in the army who nave served
more than one period oftive years shall be entitl
ed to the provisions named above; and also, that
those who received a certinYate of merit for eoiv
vice in Mexico shall have the additional ?2 per
month. V ' , :
With a numlicr of other recommendations calr
eulated to rcuda the armv more etSeicnt and cap
able of enduring tha hart(sbia of active service,
the Secretary proccoda to speak of the necessity
f.l encouraging regularity and uniformity in the
the militia ; and in connection with this subject,
the I'ecoBimcnds providing the .militia with tbe
proper books for tactical instructions. ' That
condition of the Military .Vfkniy ia favorably
soken of, and the Academic term, is, by the
Hoard, rebominonded," to be increased, to five
' year. , ,'
The report givos histniies uf 41i various cx
ploring expciliiioiia undcxtnken by 'the- govrn
ment, which it is unnecessary to repeat here, as
U. I .1 . -' , 1
" wim ana auuwn 10 me puiuic. . . . c.'
Cot.. IIistox m tiri lUtL.Theolnncl.saya
the ' Washington Star," appears to be already "in
hi glory. Ilia aevt, which be occupies by courtesy
( it is due to the good manners of the House to men
tion J is one of the most conspicuous in the Chntn
W, affording Apital oprmtunitiestoa gcntlemaB
disposed to attitudiiii". Ilisfincfigureondreallr
hindune ciuiilenanee, (for he is a remarkably
Bn Vmkingman fprhiaage,) set it riff to a charm;
a-ltlinf; mod, imlee,) tB tlieefTect of a. peep at lie
House in sesnion. W nwmot do justii to tie
way in wl ic' heap( ea s.in his .1 laoe. Wo can
eompareit to mnhin,' .hurt hf Monsieur Julier.
atnnl Uu grnd orcU,,ra- w cn f 1 1 f
iahins; thcliaton. he recline, bas k aud wenr a 1
air or aatisficsU n with the sensnti m which kw
fc-' tiua I a, cJte 1, that is iwrfetly iutlwcribable
upa;.,- . ; , , .....
mmmmmmm . 4Bt a. . '-.. . .. .a . .-... - I ' ,. . ... ...a .- . . v v ... . ,
v-: - i ill rll $ A 1 tit (if ' " y-t 4? T
iT-;yiiU II-1 111 I 11J iilt.
- - - - - , , , , . . ,
VOLUME XLTV. U ATTT-T - . ,L 1 ... ' ' ' " "' " "" 'T i
. . . . . -j.". - -" " i , ...... . - wiTM-nrT? r ,
1 .. 1 - - ... jitt tffftfJTTr f!4T?nT.TWA. Wr.n.SDAY MOUKHiU. DttimiJiJt XI, - - - '.T . . .
SYXOIfSTS OK TIIK ItKPrtRT OV THE
. hKi'KKTAity -wt-hk ,Avr:
., AfliT eivinf; tbe forte uf eieral tiiatrnna,
with ,lt; - .t M.,;.,..t ...... ..i . ...i . ;
during the piit tcm, the mlct. of the K.
Aiaulemv, r"ards and Dorks, the rui d Hfaline of
Rules, the Increase of tbe Nary, ami the eleva
tion of tha Character" of (fciimen, are success
ively diswsod at large.
'Ihe nrinclrial events touched anon, the conduct
of Oiint, llolluii of the CyaHt, on tho occasion of
the diSeultios at Uroytown, which ia highly c,mf
uiendtl j th3 rceonnoiss;in cc of the West Ci-ast of
Africa by Comniandor Lynch : tho ease of Ir.,
King in Greece ; the conduct t.fConimander'ln
graham, of the V. Limit, in the Koazta case,
which wan warmly paiscJ: the piMeeedinga of
the Kxperlitioii 10 Japan; the departure of the
Exploring Kxpodition. to -iMirings Straits, 4he
North l'acitio ajid the China fc-vaa ; the hydro
(iraphical discoveries and improvement pcrfect
e I by the brig Dolphin ; tho full protection, and
po ireful condition of the Fisheries,; the late ex
pedition of lr. Kane in search of Sir John
Franklin ; tbocrvicuof Lieut. Maury, of tho
Natal Observatory, and his Scientific Mission to
Brassehi; t!iecienlifiorcicarehesof lVnf. Alex
ander; the astronomical oliseryalliiiis of Lieut.
Gillie in Chiji 5 tha exploration of the Amazon
aud tributaries hy Lieuts. Uerndnn t Oibbon ;
the labors of lieut. Ialc (ireen for the improve
ment of gunnery and ordiuanee and the pro
ceedings towards the execution of the contract
with Hubert L: Stevens for a steamer to be shot
and shell proof.
Tho Naval Academy is prc-cnted in nn in
teresting asjicot as being totlie Navy what West
Point is to the Army. llxcrcise. in the manaco-
ment of Steamers and Steam Kuginos, ia strong
ly recommended. J lio.institutiou coutama one
hundred and sixtce i studen'a.
The Naval Yard are reported generally in
good conditios). The dock, liain and railway at
Feasacvla, having licen toslel by a c iininisslon,
Wert unfavombiy rersirtcd ujsjn, and tho con
tractors wcro Dotilied that tlio works could not
be accepted. The contractors iluin.ing that the
test -aa unfair, are to have the oms.rtunitv to
makerepaira and a new test at their own cxpeusei
The similiar works at Ban Francisco have not
leeii commenced for want of sufficient lennl t tie
to tlio grounds.. The iUestion of the neoessi.y of
a uasin in conneoUon with the soct o ml dock
to be built at that port, referred by C ingress to
tho discretion . of the department, and decided in
favor of the basin, which will be ctafcainenccd
when practicable.) A nnvnl establishment a'
New Orleans is coiiditioually reeouimentled, and
tho propriety of others, at Newport, It. I., and
lieaufnrt, N. ('., rcferrctllo the department for
vxnuuustien, win oe oonsiucre'i m a spec ai com
mnnitcaion. ;
legislation on the rules-and reculations,
particularly relating to rank, is urgently reconi-
lucnueil. , ,-; 4,
The Increase and re-organisation of the Navy
are urged at groat length, afd in an earnest aud
forcible strain of argument. The Navy consists
1 1 uuout seventy vessels el il aimis, 01 wl.icli a
large number are unfit for use ami eon un
worthy of repair. Only about forty resseia cHild
be brought into service, in ninety days, if le-
nnued.
Screw steamers, are particularly favored, for
nse as sailing vessels generally, carrying little
coal, for emergencies and calms. Six of' these
are recommended to be immediately construct! d.
The two frigates on the stocks since lfla,
should be alte.-ed to "modern improvements, oiid
e tin 1 1 tu ted. ' Jlieolit ship tit the line, f ranklm,
is boUigropairod at Kittery,and her model much
changed, with a view of converting her into a
first class steam frigate. It is rccouirarndcil to
dispose of such as are unfit fur service us vessels
of war.
A cuttiimiiR has inviKticatt-il and retorted
upon ihe ev.is of the fnihtre-eroHT war sfeaui-
er. The reolion of niachine shotis fur the fn
strliei 'n n of brval stcflin Tnachitiery, at various
.nit, is rec innie; 'ti-ii. 1
i re'"HLi!ooo te.; t'i ine-e-i-c the enlistment
0111 j.'i'tt to ltUKW. Also to increase the nitsli-
tal fi-rr, Ut mttt.''teineiu of hnrrucks und tho
iiict-Piiie of tbe marine eonis. - "
The naiemciits iu illtiMinlion of the evils of
t...e present organization of lite Navy aro of ver
striking character, and ore wtirthy to lie eHpecia
Iv referred to. 1 lie r-ecretnrv recouiincnda a re
tired list on rcdnoed pay, for the faithful who
have become infirm ; tbe discharge tf the in
eflioieut who have claim for services rendered ;
nrt'iftotioa regulated by merit, and not by mere
seniority of commission and pay-to some extcut
controlled by sea service. The application of
tlicte pruvisiona to be decided by a board of of
ficers, subject to the approval if the President.
i The improvement of the Seaman isdwelt upon,
lietter pay, more permanent connection w ith
the Navy, iwrrjai'ed pay according to cotitinued
service, a avsiem of rewards and puuu.butcuts,
and in particular, the forfeiture of wages for un
faithfulness, not to the government, but to the
fuitlrful seamop, ujion whom the increased burdcu
will fall ; are the principal rcoominendationi
touching this subject.
r The estimates for year ending June 30 h, '55,
are $9,35171,1 oiidlhe fcxjienditures fisr the
year ending last June, wora $0,9'.',723 71.
THE BOI P.UON AND OliLKANS FAMILIES,
won tiic lo-Bosr Tmrs or Novtmura 23, .
It is announced by atciegraphiedcapntch from
Vienna that tho lorig-oxpcutcd reeoiici;ntion of
the older dud younger branches of the hoiiso of
Uotirlsm baa Lcen eelebra'.etf at Fmhstlorf by a
-fcruial exi han'fo of visits between tho Duke de
Nemours and tb Jluke do Bordeaux ; and we
presume that the Klde.-t surviving son of Louis
Philippe must be held to hauf acted on this ic
casion as the representative of the whole branch
of the ltoyal family to which he belongs. What
ever may be'the merits of Ibii scheme effu -ion,
to whicli more importance has been attached
than it really descrvesJ it is gratifying thai
.sit is
byhlo
rriuces so nearly muted By tdooii. and so closo-
ly iiitlentifipd by their mislortunes, should bnve
agreetf to bury in oblivion difierences connected
altogether with the history of the past, and to
put an end to that division of the Royal family
of France which contributed, with other xsausoi,
to tho total subversion of tin monarchy. They
quarrcTt)37unhnppily for themselves', as long as
they "had any thuig to quarrel abo.ut, and nothing
bit etile 'aud . s common fate has now brought
them together. Hut this event terminates tiir.t
scamlaloiis spectacle of rival parties in the same
familybidding against one another for the nation
al favor, and allowing tlio divisions of their re
spective adherent to weaken still further" the
cause of the Crown. , Personally, we have) no
U'iUiii mat uie rcctnicinainm is nailea witu great
S;rfiafaetion by both bratlche-i of the fumilv ; and
whateve- may be the future destiny of tite r hmse,
it is seemly t'l:al tiiey should meet it or endure
it together. " , . ' ,,'
The Orleans Ijroneli was raised to the throne
byune rovohition and deposed by another, -The
interval was a period of 'iuiexiiii1f . freedom and
prosperity to Frm.ie. " link tlio reign of Ix,uis
Philipiie,' in spite of the great services rendered
by that sovereign to his Country, created no rights
J and left few traces behind it. Tbe Orleans
Prii.ces had nothing to renounce, and in losing
the throue they wore restored to their natural
position towards the head of their family. This
reconciliation is therefore no mors than the re
cognition of a stale of things which already exist
ed, and the honorable extinction oftlu.se feeling
of resentment w hich mutual injuries in fnniicr
times bad left liehind Uiein. It chantrrs in rcnli-
(tT'tiothing, and it can hardly bs said to alter
in, nniuun m wij i,(,Mo(it Mriicni iu ii.uiu,
... A t luntry carp ntcr having neglected to make
a gi lion i, tnu jiMle b inn ell went to the nutn and
Sftltl-1.. .'.4. '' -
" 1 cllo, low came ym to negleot the gibbet I
nrdered!" ..'-. -;, ' -
, - H itliiait 'nlendingnny sartaxmAf mm repreil:
" "t urn vu.y S'.n-v.fiH'hBdl kutmntt wasfoi yo t
I rt's'iip; it ihoiiitl bate Ucu donebmned's el'
THE GREAT Jr" ' ; . , . '
We find in ihe Ne Viirt-.
and lMigthy te rt it tli Wi'try,ttV.I''
I
of iheLxio Lailroad. h is the must ' Kl I"11 i.
and thuruugh report that We ever reniemLorttV.
haie wcb of this air any other road. 'There 'Wl ;
in t! le.xirt, a miss of" tables ciyins the fullest
n 'oruiation upon the points toui-bed uism. It is
a tle-sos d t be from the pen of Win. J. Mc AJ-
inr, tain 0 sse engineer ior me isiaie ia i ntr
1 ork, and at pn sent the Kngincer-in-Chicf, imd
also a direct tjof llie Kric Courjiany. - The I; rgo
rmouut t f capital stock aud fundi d'tlcbt invo vol
in the work, and its wide distribution of s! arcs
ami bonds in th's country and in Kurope, give
t t the prcacut" comprehensive rcjiort peculiar iu-
. The cost of ti e road and cinipmeits, at 'the
oVse of the fiscal year, was) i? :ti,'Ji,K34 The
Ithgth 405 miles, including Newburg Uraiich, of
original track. The whole lino of track, double
and single, with turnouts, equal to 715 miles,
Tho sum i f eonilruntion fiir the last year, is
4,u5I,lll. With this,' tiS milea new track was
built, aud KG J miles in all brought iuto ue, and
such progress made on other sections of the 2nd
track aa will bring into, use, for the-opening of
the Spring season, a total of second track etpiaf
to half tho wholi lotigth of the roal from New
York to Dunkirk. Tho Company own lot) locifn
motives, ot whicn -us are in coective use , ami 00
new locomotive) are contracted for,,nd will be
(le!:ered during the present year.
The goneral balance aeconnt of the Company,
Seplcm, r 30, was ;
MAr.ii.trtEs. .
Capital at k iesuotl $10,000,001
Funded debt, per sch. B, 20,17.I,W,8 '
Floating debt, per sch. C, 2,(i8:),( 0 U,WS,RP5
Transjiortiitjon, rcr sch. P. - -
3t;c,;!rjo
Iiiturestduc March 1, 1 No 4, )
on mortgage bonds, ItSi, J
. Total
448
- ."'$:':3,225,43
HBi-BF.sr.NTr.o ur
- - - -!f3l',222,'34
$42K,4m
Const ruction
Cash on hand
Materials
Real Estate
Stis-k of State
Lino Co. - - 314,300
Ronds of llloss-
burg Co. - -, P,000
Advanc'd Cnionll.
Co. - - - 143,427
Atlv'ced own'shike
st'rs - - - 154,714
Ad 'ceil own's lake
prop's. - Ql,4li3
32.1,300
3o'.',0ti5
13,300
I'natljusted accounts
Total - $iW.2125,8
To pay the floating debt, and on further con
struction and etiuipment, tho Couipanv bail on
hand SS39,tKK) of Bi.n.ls sold, but not 'delivered
or paid for, and $3,0tHI,U00 same class of bonds,
lH.i.'t, 7 por cents., not yetjiegotiated.
Tho earnings, for the years ending Sept. 30,
1852, and 1853, have been as follow-:
Pfengrs, Freight. Other .mows. Tlwl.
l,2lH',7l'n 61 fl,Sf.,l"3 it) liu.:,2rt UK 3..1IS. TU
l,llol.(IS5 8J J,63.08U OJ l,474 78 4,.t3l,t!4u 1!
Ins'e.30,2880g 71,S78 84 (30,048 67 1,0115,.' 1 1 ::3
This increase averaged 311,3.) aer cent. Tl
increase of capital cost for ronJnichon, 1 1 .SO
per cent., much of the new work nftt lieiug brought
into uso during the year, and only available f. r
the trade of the new year.
Tbe overage cost of operating tbe roiol fur tl e
year was 52.40 rtor cent, of tbe gross earnings,
u.yiueti uius :
;( Per cent
In October, NoVemlr. leeembpr. fs.vj . . 31 sn
January, Kehrnary, March, 1M53 - - - 07.-11
April, May, June - - - - - .. - : 5X.70
Julyi August, Septerttl.ier ----- 45.40
" - at
Average for tho year - -. - - K2.4fl
For the cuVnmt fiscal year, we understand the
estimate uf tbe Report to l at least .StHl.t'Oy
gross earnings. The bite Treasurer, Mr. Town-
end, now a memlicrof tlu? iiuiRtl of liircetors.
iiiukoa an estimnto by months, which, iu gross,
amounts to ?a,nMss, vix:
OcU.lier - - ?."i'iO.(ltHl!Aiiril , - $.Vi0.On0
November -. 47A.IMiMay. - - - 525,ls)0
Poceinlier - - 4i5,(KKI June - - - 4W.IHI0
Jahnary -. 4tKMHKi!.luy 4Saj.tMNl
February - - 4lXi,(jlilAugust -. - 5i,o00
March ... 475,0OUISenteml)Cr - fA.tkK)
Total for -the year -'"
J5,W)0,010
CkXSCS-CCIUOl'8 FACTS AND tllEORIES,
A correspondent of the New York Times, writ
ing from Cincinnati, has gathered some curioni
facts from tbe Census tables aa just published,
We linyo not room for the article in detail, but
the following condensation of its leading features
will repay perusal. J lie number ot mmihitiints
prior to the revolution cannot bo obtained, with
accuracy: but since liH) we hnvo it with great
exactness. 'Taking the decimal periods, we as
certain a very uniiorm taw oi progression, ttius:
In 1790,
in 1MK),
t o.;'-tf.t--i - , . -
6,3fif,!); jf crease 35 por cent,
7,23!,8I4--Iiierease 3d per cent,
0,038,131 Increase 3H per cent.
12,8(iij.920 Iucrcaso 33 per ceut
17,0i2,.rti( Increase 82 J per cent.
3,19i,87u--IuereaBe 3tt uer cent.
In 1K10,
In 1S20,
In 183(1,
In 1840,
In 1850,
The law of crowth has, for sixty years, been
but sluhtly raiiiint from 34 uer cent. This is
so fixed and certain that, allowing for a very little
u.iuiuuiitin oi mini, sb may ottsumo o., percent
(nt one-third the existent population) as the de
cimal increase of growth for the next half century,
We may predict, with almost certainty, that in
1U10 (sixty years) the American Kep'ublio will
have one hundred and twenty millions of pe p)c
nn empire wniciuwtien us vigor,- resources
and institutions drFcotisjdued, w ill in power
exceed anything wuicuexisuor baexisicduuuaig
nations. . . w - . , :-, :.
" The numerical law of the sexes is thus stated :
1. There arc jniire males than femalea born,
by alioiit'4 per cent. .-, ,. ,.:,. ... . ,
2. At 20 years of age, this prors.ndoreiujiiis
entirely lost, and there aie more t malos thon
males. - . ... -.", . , t
3. At 40 years, the baUinee is again the other
war, and tliere aie more mule than females.
4. A70, the sexes are alxiut even, and the ul-
Uwnf ago oi the. Human beings is reached With
outjtny decided advantage to either sex. v . -
rllutwecn 70 and 100 veara of aca. there am
l3t I ..!.- .k .U-T '
-. '. . ...... j .. nvuicu iimi, iikio on mmin.
lieing more Hum 5 percent, of the whole nun.lrfr.
Beyond the ago of40 years, the proliab'ditics of
HJjigeviiy are mueu gi ewer mr American woniea
than fir men. Thia tuintraataingularly witli
tiictaci, inai tlio imysteiti! trelatively) of Ainert'
can women is imuriur nrtuatot Aiucncau men
That fact, as is Shown.lhowever. tells tremend
oasly on women between' e agca of Zt) and 40,
when thalr imMaKty.aisat,v,,
llie longevity or aov. womcnifciycry extim-
ordinary.
xnorc aieaour iiuntirei.
thirty
' '
American women W wit tumtndjfcirrt a'(, Citr.nqtfp. and Ci:m IxmiS". Tlie Llttlt
vjfi ' . I , . Vlloek (laWi'leinrutM as ilie return of (icn.Twiggi
Tbe parallel between the gn'iwth of tbo WlnH from "the frontier of Arkansas, whither l e pro
I 1 r; ,.. .a,. , ....t .1.. j;re I.: -.1
and t!ie African races, for Urn hist 40 joins, has
ueeo iuus: . . - , . .. ...
W IIITr. Cot tl.
Ilotol8uj,'.s5 ao-
l8!JHto 1KJO, 2S ' 80
'' 'f-DITS. COL'll,
1830 (0 1S40, AH
io to 1850,
. The genernl law of incfei'tse, '( if olependcnt of
immigrntioji,) by natural cau'es tibine, is yl per
cent i decennially. 'I hi? is 8 per tent, below the
aetage.iucrc:fco of tlio whites, and 10 per cent,
below that from 1K40 toi IrijO. While the nuni
1st of born foreigners in the I'uiiwi Slates is less
tbali 9 per cent., the Uumlier In the emnj arative
iucicsse of a single - e iris lirge; rising in (he
hist two or thice yrjaVs to alsiut half the whole
ineteufc. The oiig nnl immigrant, l.f.weier,
rapidly die, while t! fir child. en a,c I ton m tbe
MtlU t .'" ' , . ; - . '
HAS FIU'.F.M'1USM W.KN" CBClEn
OI T "OF. TUK l'.EMO.'UATlC I AKT i T"-
,Whn we read the 1 istr and meaning ef the'
,v . ., .e :.....i i.. ,i...
..c .1 -c luautirui. im iirtriuiv-i, s
fallacious rca'H,.. ,, r ;,. ,t...
We are told that u-Jf't. ' . i:'r?........i
approve but ac.juioscr.l in l-.fm'diu not
-""' Wea
properly enirtlo-ti. Tbe ccmnromlte i u.-j
a part of the laws uf the laud, It is t ie duty 11
etery cititen in loinpiy witn we law. I Hero are
ftlw bivst which have not .been npp wd before
thoij passage, but the ui n irnv ia never sked to
acknowledge tbo pro iri-ty of tholr a'loiitien.
Kvciy rititen of tli l'cirfdii must submit t its
laws, nor is it proer to stipulate that be must
hav an offi:o to eompensate him for doing so.
But if tho acquiescence in .the eomnromif-e law
was tho rule d! faith established by the platform,
and if " the dangerous e'emcnt of political ficw
soilisin has licon rtvxhfdwti fromtlie lVnvsTratie
party," why tbi we sty such ra so uf the Exocu
tiiti fur his' reflation iu enlVrjin-; the fujji ko
A most inomoutMtnm condition of tilings U nre-
MmuI b.. the aj'rt'on that thosa who adopted
the plt'.h rm are o.uy bcJsrd ti. c iiiiosce in the
couipfoiiti.-c. Mr. I'ittrco V inly liound tocxivute
tho law ns it s: mils on uirtatute bo .k. . Ho is
not boutid by the plitforwf ti approve tho eom-
proaiise. It thcrch re f.ljiiwi that if the fuj;.tie
ltw should bo )eiealed, he it'underjio-platjbmi
vltaWatitui tosi;.;n artotber, and if any other jrin-
ti am:'uieu in uie eoiupronii-e annu ivuuai
be is un.Ier lit. platform oM'gation toic-alfirm
It. W hut li en has the country gainc I by the
Adoption of that plntfi rtu or ti e election of a
I'l-csiucnt reprcventnig its dcctr.nes aecrdiiig to
the oxpositimis of the I'nion. The jlufirm was
but a truce of contciiiling factions. I", was not a
trivtv it wiis not an union upon pnncipie, tri
umphing over the er.euiiei of Sta'o lights, and
of tlio I niqn. The F jet-Siler bad gained nil
they eontumied for: tkeycon-entcd to aeesatk.n
i noMimics iiniii iiaw ouiu oi.:ainonii"iaiiorage
Hut is it true that the Baltimore platform has
not only "crusljiul ou 1 rce-Niiiisin from the
iMimoc ratio lmrty," but that it has caused ' sla
very agitation to cease? e are astonished at
uncli an a-pertit.n. It may be possible that the
sound of the iopu'nr voiee may not haver pine-
miteti w ine inner recesses oi ine patiiee 'vne
platmrd of their iiu:'pj-seH may not have been pos
ted Upon its wal!, hut nevertheless those who
say that the Free-Soil faction of tho Hcuioorntic
party has been "ciu-hej out,'' deceive the Ex
ecutive, and if possible, themselves. Free Soil-
ism " crushed t ut 7 uift is r rco Nnlism 7 It
is n ilctunninatioii that no moro slate tcrriUiry
shall Is) ndtletl to tlip I'nion. It cannot, there
fore, Ik! an active principle unless there be an is
sue. An isttue will be made by the orenniaation
of Nebraska. Now,. if any public man wihos to
seo whether F.ce-Stiilism bus been "crushed on I,"
l"t liinfnoiieto rceind tbo applieation jf the
.vrsJWmri t ompriinus as ftpplicnmo to that tern-
t iry, and he will fee wl ether' ti e party or tha-
i.-.nctple is fleait. its lenaers win very remhly
Hirgain f ir riffi, in consideration of aulmiitting
1 1 a law wl ich might cost them thoir lives to ro
sWt they n av verv nifelv ogreo not to Agitate
until an oe. a-i ii : hall arise tor tbo application
o" their principle, lint it would lie just as proper
to say ti.nt the prole. -live larilt iarty lias tn
" eru-hed t ot" Ve.-ause the a lruiiiist'riitioii mid
Cong
kvoiih
rhoiil
ress are oppntetl to tliose measures and it
1 ls jnt ns rev-'' ucei'le to expect that they
iut'1 panicitmte in the otht iw ot I lie govern
ment Isiluse Ihey s'Stumt to a liter which tbev
cannot repcs.1 and canio-t nsist. Free-Soilism :s
a voiaclotis t'lpcnt : it ctiil- around, eivisbes and
flw ul'f'tv-' every lit F3J11eml ir that ct.ines into tbe
oj.iiTi''leia':V. H then sliyntjerii liibe torpidity
of a satisfied appetite c-iitil anew victim shall
present itself. It then slowly arouses itself, its
eyes glisten nhh ininled malignity antl insati
ate hunger, its colors brighten, it erects its head,
and with aiuuseuhtr force, increased by rostnnd
repletion, it throws itself upon the helpless crea
ture null inflicts, iqiou it the same fate with its
predecessors. Thus, in the intervals of appetite,
the serpent of Freo-Soilism is said to slumber.
ami a casual observer, or one interested in the
deception, would pronounce it dead.
Let lis examine, w ithout metaphor, whether
tho FrHi-S.il puny have leen crushed out. We
believe that no one itfhrms that tlioo who oppos
ed the admission of new slave States, hate ever
renounced their opinions,. or declared that they
w ill neier oppose the' admission of nnothor. '1 ho
reservation that they have not approved the com
I rjinisc, proves that they havo mado no such do-
1 la atn 11. I here lias len an itcn division in
New York.. A Frce.-S .il paper makes an esti-
mnfo of the rote east at tho recent election in that'
State, in whieli tho Xatii nal 'Democratic vote is
contra' ted with the Van Huron Free-Soil voto.
and tl; majority is claimed for the latter. ; This
statement is eo.itroverted by . the Herald, which
clrms the majori.y for tho National lcnioerata.
Each assigns to the Free-Soil party, hiore limn
ninety thousand yolt;s in the kite election. We
add to this ti e acknowledged Free-soil organfftv-
u n in Slassaeliu etis, wbit b Mr. ( uliing forbid
to ct alo.-ce with the 1'cnioeraev. and the strength
of tbo same por y in Chio ami clrenhrie. The
rim-ffliiifn cuuHiiiiun a grcill icscne 01 vision 01
presmt: they "stand last and carry aims,
some of them maycyea bo refreshing themndvu
in the public iitiiees of the government ! but let
ibe oceos on arise, lef tliebule cf retail be Souo-
uwi, ui.it in an liuur they uiu more compact, tet
ter disciplined, and luoio formidable than any
other single political orcfltiization that exit to in
our eoui:trv,aiid tl.ev will move wit ha force which
nothing ficcjit an mil. n iion the priueiplcs of
tli cniniin iiii: e, can resist.
" Lot tha I'nion esk Mi . John Y.inlluren prir
aloly whoUierthe Frce-Suilen are "crushed out,"
and' he would reply with a grimace "oil Tea"
"inn horn." But baa " ihe.'slavory nititalion
ceafedf l et u call to the stand an honorable
repToacntiilivc of the aoveieign State of Ohio,
rcnatnr tha'C-rl-his gentleman pcociauncti at
a recent meeting of the free Democracy, that
"this Klaverv ease la liefote tho people, ficnf on
hul fjufttliont Witt, xlarry nr ffi-(frr,"
ami tBcpeoplo imist hayo the matter relttcn.
"WeLc2.ni In our -Slate lOi.iof with thathgii.
sand votes and unc prow, and now we have hfty
thousaii'l votes, and wo intend to increute tbe
numlier of our presres every day." Dees this
1 ok M if tbe slavory agitation h.'id ceased f So.
ftr from it, Free-Foirnm lias thus far triumphed
Htion every iHo, and Abo it:on only h Jcrntrt its
temporising p.licV in coosit'eratHin tif its sucres
ees. The pledge' of the Baltimore platform, as"
putiiisiied throjigtii lit. thefoiitn, was 10 comicum
the FiTe-Soileis. and to maintain the Cnmpro
mite. ' The President, in show ing that tie fcelref
f the rte-Soiiers docs not orealo any political
incapaci'.y, but that, a majt may agiiadt at ft
rosT seasons, noil enjny Qftccs 111 the intcrtai,
ia ilono more to civc rcrt etuity 10 tho dang
erous factions thHil any other thin which baa
occurred within cor knowfc Ige. Halt Amtev'iih
eiiled recently to nct le the difiicuhioa w hich
r?K'0 ;nppned to exist lietwcen (hctinns of tho
t'herSajeNaticn of Indians, n well as to aljust
a d:4IVti1Hr''tea atrnie towns if thafiwk Na
tion and the. K,nitfd States. It fumed cut that
tbe Ir.l Ro iliEtilties on lhat frontier had runn
irrra.lv overmledMad nibniilnd lrf ntiic tSener-
al s nrriviU at Fort iaiih. The UareUo add-1
Yv umtcistaiid th:tli Indians on our f oitie-r
woie never more pea aHldfl among themseltoi lit
well d:w'(!"1 towsnlit iBtif TKle-faeel brn'h e
than at present:- The moiT4w killed the A'la'rs
I ad tur.'oodernd tliemselvesiaV'd wereutiderss lug
a ir al f.r the mme, Tbeie iA Utn bmiem -
.; .: -....I ii. .i,..;o ,m .,..iu,
ii' o her-jurr.', T e i tit I s-Wrtli tl'ie Creeks
h ul I I ovi-.i-;" ' , .
winter rooi) tou stock; "
j;iKe'ls no dmibt now that many former
wisiici be had sown a little1 lnli:m.ft.rn tho part
tuiMiu for tho purposo of eking out tho fisJder
Fir his half-stuVniK eaiUo duriug the present
winter. Sowing Indian corn far fodder iit one
of those new -.icties which have come into voguo
among eiilighicned faTuiera within tho last ten
vearst and if it had Iwch generally adopteil the
k.t jli- smson. would have been millions of dob
i.irs in trie ptn-ket i of (lie busbandmen of this coun-
frotn wiatcbern' shawbliia, and other thousands
Every faruiCf- prolonged stnrva'ion.
of Indian etwn for ttvarialily to soar one acre
animals which ho keeps, "in.cvrry ten head of
he will thon obtain fs enough tnuf drought,
alone fo winter one-third his stock, wlueie-iuree
litMMtvml thousands ol nooff anu woniucse mm
lone tbeeTect of lessening the price of hay, am,1
eu.iMe hi:n to retain or sell his surplus stock to
great ftiivautagc. American summers arc often
dry, very dry. Improvident, indeed, then, is that
man wlip dcjienda entire''' n Rrife for his s'.ock,
t"r a n?y sca'oa cuts off from one-tnud to two
thirds ot his, emp. - But with Iudinu coin it has
not the same efie it. Plough deep, manure well,
and let the corn get enemoiith'e start, and it will
take pretty d care of itself aftor that throngk
the seasan, wet c.r dry. Sow in drills one or two
feet a;rt. the corn stiin shoiles the trronnd. retains
Xll the moisturo of the soil, and ninlitlv tvthers in
Jii itsltuig, brond leaves, nearly enough from the
dews of heaven f keep it steadily along In its
growth. iiypiougliingiteoi,itbaa the additional
advantage of sondinir its roots so far below the
surface of tho soil as to lie in moist ground, how
ever dry it may bo aWo. ' .
Indian eorti is tho greatest boon that a bcnifi.
cent Pvoyideuoe has yet sent to the , American
fanuer. With plenty of tho erain and stalks of
this invaluable plant on hnud; ho is never abso
lutely in want uiul can- carry himself and stock
through the severest winter, aud conio out in the
sjiriug iu good condition. But ita proper cultiva
tion is not yet half, no, it even, mio-fonrth, in
tbe Fnited Stales. Tho crdpavof the grain may
be e isily double I, and tho crop of sttlks. lie
quintupled, anil all this with little additional
labor oa the part of the fanner. ' Willi proper
idouglis, planters and cultivators, one man ami
norse could as easily cultivate as ranch corn on
a free soil as five men and horses now do: fend
we ore of tho opinion that a reaper may be no
constructed as to cut It when grown f..r"fod.!ot4rn "'f"a Pli,,1's ,f"n tt"(.' M',"' ,,ve
with nearly the same facility as rye or wheat ia
now cut, anil that other machinery omilil he inven
ted to facilitate drying and stacking when want
ed for winter fi alder. Then c iuiee the horse cutter,
which, driven, by a single horsepower, will cut
a tun of stalks e-isilv in two hours, and a steam-
.it will prepare it in two hours more in the
very bestuiauiiorfor stock. and verv fond, indeed
ore tlicy of it thus prepnretl, aud ono ton will do
the gniteltil annuals as much g.sul as two, nr per
haps three tons, tlirown to thorn in tho ordinary
mm ir, or iu the upon yard or field. We shall
nave more to Bay unou tins suinoct about plant
ing timo. Vutluu V oiHrr, , . - ' ; -. ,,'
TI1K INDEBTEDNESS OF TIIK V', STATES.
We think It waa in tho New York Journal of
Ctimmoroe that we found the following calcula
tions of the public di'lits of this country: ihe
total debt of the lnitcd States is about fc8,IXK(..
OKI; total debt of individual States, Imth alWiir
and mittiniirnt, nonordinir to the eousus of lS-IO,
was aunit iisi,ts"',iSH). J hennlulier of miles ol
railroads iu the Ciiitetl States, finished, Is 13,000;
in progress 12,000; total 25,000 miles; on which,
admitting that bonds on evory road in the etain-
t.v u. toe extent oi mo.iss) r in no lias uoen
issued, ibe mniHint would bo $250,R)0,tM0 :total
(iovoruiiient, State and qitaxi railrund dlits $.iOH,
tiiit.iHsi. The sumo authority estimatea that
(200,000,74X1 of them -eMisss-atnek, bonds and
bains ate owireil in hurono, 1 he writer sava
Usis ia based cm careful estimates by iiersons of
extensivo anowlouge, . .. . .
Wo owe this luriro amount of money, hut the
consiueratiim -wo nave received is in existence,
and more than equals in value the whole amount.
no matter how estimated. A railroad that baa
cost a million of dtdlars ia regarded as unprofita
ble il, litini freight tare. It iloca not yield sixty
thousand dollars, or six percent., aUno its annu
al! espouses and impairment: but we must not
nenee conclude that we do not possess In it a lull
equivalent for Its cist: for the rii-o In the value
of real estate along it course, in consequent o of
Its oonttructiou, will lio lound far grootfr tliiin a
milium ol dollars ; while the n.crouseot luuiiiess
at its terminus, mid at certain points altmg ita
line, ami throughout the course ol other ruiiroxus,
forming a chain of which it is an esHcntlal link.
all ooiiibiucd, constitutes another aggregate of
UfTienis eipiat u llio wnoio iniusiiueui. t- 'r'
It is true that these bcttchts dp not all accoro to
tho stnekhohlcra wlui have matlu themselves res-
p 'iisibln for tbe payment of thricost of the nsul;
but that cannot be rcmedietl, The welfare of so-
e.ety depends upon the struggle of each individ
ual to promote ins own good ; and aituouKU tlio
public at largo deriro grcat advantages from the
proscL'uiiou oi iiiia-imsinesn, iney caunoi oe lliuu
cod to guaranty to him adequate profits in return
Publie lienefits are not theu considered. . Hut
when a debt and credit account is mado Bp be
tween one nation and another, itia right to weigh
tha question thus i Wo aro iu debt to tho amount
isT many miliums; but wo would Iw. .greatly tho
losers in a transaction that would at once obliter
ate our indebtedness arid the improvements that
indebtedness has enabled n to make;'."' . :
Still it were better so great a duiw npnh tha
finantcKif this counlrywere not established.-
But bow shall it bo prevented? If wo could pay
off tiled lit and interest in crumnoditiesuf Auiur
iean productions, it vriaihl be well ; but. nllhuuitli
gold way be considered aa among those prodtic
iions, we can hardly do this. The capital wo bor
row for out works of Improvement iu tiKililf ni-a-.
er crosses Oie Atlantic tomir shores. Wo simply
receive it In tho form of credils ujion an accuuut
already existing ngiinst usf and tbo only effect
of the loan is a temporary abatement in the quan
tity of specie we arc eternally triitisinittiiig to Uie
eastern continent. , .
- I'nrlesiriiblo asthis state of financial affaiM is,
howoveVTt 'i attcmlerl not orly with the benefits
we have deserilied, but with others also. Hut
for it tin' n vt'o a of Fiur.ipo, and oipeciolly Eng
land, would take it loss kindly than they do the
bragging, blustering, bullying and defiant decla
mation of oar orators, and the xtr patriotic
thebaic of our writers. 7sb long as we are profi
table niito them, so long will they lioor with and
fiatlertis, By B,nd by, when we shall have no
need to bras, ' neotl.of their foi-branuice,
woshal) haiO no l.ccd either of their capital.
And tu sli::! we illustrate the auixfraul fin.casuf
ihiiigs. fiatliiort .'tijipet. ' .
i JL'DlCAfTlN KEHIXd I.V ALABAMA.
There seems to li proclivity among a portion
of the mo:n!re of our prcseai legisiiunru (says
the Mobile Advertiser,) to muddle ivith Jutlicul
qncstiona anil unsettle legal custotiia .that have
prevailed fore riod " whereof the memory of
roan runneth not to the coutrary."
'l'iiere sro at hsist three Intportant propositions
uiider ciusidtfrattontfor change in our criminal
practice, two of which Hjipear to have. Lcen re
ported firerably Mptm by tbe Judiciary Com
milteo ; 1, T" make juries judges of the law as
well us of the facts ; 2. To allow the concluding
speech at .triaUto tbe counsel of the nccused ;
and, 8. To reiptitc tlie endorsement, under severe
penalties- lor omission, on indiclioeiits of the
iitiiae' -tjf persona upon wbcita ciuiplaiut they
were f luuti. ' . f -" '
To Uie tw o- former points w have- already
briefiy expressed our ilecided opjHstitii.n. and the
ittcr strilics u with equal di. lavor. It is now
m eafy matter to in.ltiec luerr to ilitcl ise to soli
cit r.i ijieir knowledgo of offences iiiaiitst tbe
1 "''. ami ine resimrmima r
croa-o tins d.niculiy tenfold.
ptwed wouhl ui-
It wculU. t lo
dvenie every vill.iin in the umim.ty of tli
ui ri alio jtr'iciite I his nrraignnieutr'-.l'.,'r''fVsrr
.'-. : NOTABLES IN CONGRESS. ' ; 1,
'The U.iase oT1tc;re"entntivea may. Iioaat of at
least three notalile pcrsiais among tho new tueiu
i,.. nr Km York lumtribntca two in
lh Versons of tierrit Smith tend ..Mike Walsh, j
and Missouri one in Thoiuaa II. Benton.
tierrit Smith ia person of education and
wealth. But he has lieen all his life a rel gious
sealot, narrow-minded, hot-bcaded, bitted and
u.ioharitoble. lie is a proper representative of
,...! .i.,l!ii,,n district and will play second
fidtllo to (iiddings with great devotion aud enthu
siasm. IIdillersfromGid.lingsin sincerity, a re
deeining trait of which wedo m.t suppise the Obw
incendiary w: eter suspected. I roni what we
havo heard of Siotih. wo eomitoje tuai uc w
cmbracod alsdilkmlsm in the natural greenness
... I ,t;.. i f bis soul. With Oidthngs. it is
hTSCui ir trotte anu itn.n, sioij
serut.!e-iAiC",l- Cliddings would have no sort of
if the thing -yfeSt'gf plain ofa .hivor tMnnrrtity
who knovyfiim bestto P'' ''"
c!w that he ia tha most coW,1"" if; 'Jlit
clothing that e,et lived. They ?af'X
when at borne, from honse.to lim etraokni,,.
dolclul prnyess, and aacetuig prcat goiiiiiicioi.
( it her men electioneer with uolitiual speeches and
documents, with brandy and water aud good hu
mored blarney, (iiddings electioneers with tho
Bible aud Tracts, he makes prayer, sings psaUu
through his nose, and cries, " h, tlio p')r slave,"
-s-all Ui gn to Congress, flcrrit Smith, on tho
j-mitrary, w lnaiest iu his religion, fanaticism and
tonicry. I i.e uitterenee uetwoea nun sua uiu
dings ia simply that lietwcen a madman and a
knave. That tierrit is quite distraught, la evi
dent from the faet that he ponnlta his dai gilcr
to go trnp.-e'mg about the balls of Congrosa,
drove 1 in ludiiivnt half masculine attire, making
herself even mora ridiculous and disgusting tliuu
her father. . ... .
, Miko Walsh ia the representative of the Snb
terranean Demoeracy of Now . York. He repre
sents that class whieli " runs w ith tho machine,"
and fills the pit of the Bowery t bralio, crocking
nuts and jokes : which is intensely and honestly
AmerbAu i which g'-es iu for cutting off the
heads of all kings and potentate, and which can
smell " the blood of an Euglishmau," for throe
thousand miles, and exclaim with an sppetito,
" Ihiail or olive 1 will have some," tf these
subterrnnein hosts, Michael is Captain, That he is
have always heard. Quite characteristically lias
he commenced his Congressional career, by'nom
inatiiiK the Key. Antoinette ltrown for cliat.lain
of ihe 1 lou-o of ltcprcseiitativos. I n spite of
lita associations aud the character of his eunstit-
ueney, we havo no doubt, from all we have heard,
of Alike Walsh, lhat he is a more honest politician
ami a liettor man than half the muro uoIihIuhI and
uroteutioua meiuhers ot Congress ; cortamly wo
havo more respect for him than fur either uf tho
other notabilities named in this article, -
Col. Benton eon scarcely lie considered one of
the representatives of the people, . He is among
them but not of them, lie doW ih4 represent
the liemncnwy nor the Whigs, nor Young Amer
ica. .Ho ia too frisky, elastic; eloo ric, yivacii.ua
and vigorous, for in Old Fogy. An obi man only
in yoara, he is young in energy, ardour and ain
bitiou, Ilia hair is while or uitght to be, but his
passions burn with volcanic fires. Time may
gradually wear sway his physical man, but when
it tries ita teeth upon his self-love and his roiense.
it "gnaws a file." But who does Col. Benton re
present? Himself! Ho neither recognises nor
roverenoos any other constituent. I no. ouly
emstituent wliwo will belfccls bound to obey.
is Thomas II, Benton, Never did representative
possess more of the admiration and confidence of
a c lustituency, nor constituency have a more toy
al and royercntiarrenrejietitative.
. Thomas IL Ueutwuis unquestionably thaJwp
piest of the sola of men. The inexhaustible
fountain f his self-esteem rcfrcshca hi soul with
a constant stream of delight, and keeis his heart
in periietunl yenlure, , Ilia self-complacency af
fords him a continual feast. Other ambitions
men, of great powers, sometimes distrust thoir
abilities, and draw unfavorable comparisons 1-
i-nwu uirnipiitnifl.iu uiu mnswr spirits oi lormer
liinoa. It is evident that Benton never suffers
from such depressing Influences, His speeches,
abonmliug with frequent rel'orc.uces to bis own
career and highwrouglit poiiegyrica upon jiis
own perfirinuucos, show that hu'is on excellent
forms with himself. He and Benton never full
put, , Ilia lifo is a perpetual triumph over his ad-
vcraar.iHv aua in .nn, an unw eiiaimo visitor to
most man, is to him a good angel, w.ho comes to
crown him with inimortiU fame, lie will be bu
ried nn a high bluff on the Mississippi ; the first
aim uie wsi rays oi me sun win linger on his
monument; tho Mississinni. as it rolls bv. will
sing an eternal anthem ia his honor: the steam
ers will stun, the bells rim:, aud the nassrmrers
pull off their hats as they piu-s the sepulchre of
J , ; . 5 THE DIU OF WHlCiS, .; '''
1 Thfl fiovernmeat of North Carolina ia ia the
hamlaof tlio self atylod Domncratie party,. For
two snemijaiLe-eloctlotia the whig nnrty has keen
defeSTl ed, and that too upon a swle Issue. Soon
shall we be culled onnn to enler iuto ntiothcrjuij
most Important political contest. If wo aie tine
to our party, to our brethren in other n.irfs of the
I'nion and to ourselves, we shall succeed; hut if
we suffer ourselves to be led aatray, tu vote for
men who havo but one idea In common with tie
wo shall Inevitably be defeated. . What then is
our d ity?. In tl e first place We answer let t e
Diase of the party -attend tho primary meetings
and sen that men areseleefetl in tbeiu, eomi n ent
and willing to represent litem in the Statu con
vention to nominate a (ioven or and in the rcc
ond plneo let tbe best men of the pa v b -, solect-
ed at candidates for the Sonata 'n4 Ibmse of
Commtiitaln each District and County, If thesn
t'eo things be attended to then mnv weexpeut t i
find a man, in whom the whole State w ill lake
nritlc, selected as thtt Onbcniittorbil Standard
bearer of the party: and the chosen men of the
party in Districts anil Counties receiving the uni
ted voto of the entire whig parti'. Such a courfe
will prevent or nt. least it ought in prevent, the
running of third party nieu tiKin a single, Inula
ted qilPslion. v , . . , f , ,t .
The next election in Norlli Carolina will wield
a ereal moral ptiw er In the various State elections
which will aucceoil it, llow necccssary, tlieu, it
i for Whies to units ffrmly and determine to use
all honorable means to secure a triumph. Tim
election of a Whig Ouvemor ia par'it'iibirly fo 1st
desired on this account. - KviVy effort should he
made to secure a nt:yorily In Ihe legislature."
', Old yrli
Si i.Mlrttors, A yerd mt Irl h girl, jus sirrivel,
was sunt to nn Intelligence Office by the Cmnmis
nmeraiif F.migrutiur', t find apbieeof service.
She waa sent to a to laur.nt, who c " stout help"
was wanted, and while in c mvcrsatioii with the
proprietor, he took occasion to l'.gbt bis cigar ly
igniting a liwoliKsi match on tbo ante of his Is art.
As sjtsi as the gul saw this, she ran unity half
frightened to ile.ith, and when slid retched the
Intelligence OIRee, she was abunst breathlevs.
" tl'hr. what Is this matter with von " i't.1
t'ie proprietor, w'cing her rwh In, in such eon,
t.ision.
f'li'h! sure, dr, but re's slut me to tho old
iIaiI himself, in huuiaa form
5 " What do yoti menu has h; dnrr.l iojusult
a help sent trom my (dhoti liiipnied the num.
4 Yis, sir," returned the trirl ho'a the divib
' M'hat did he tin to yaul-s-tell me. and 1' I fix
I.'... f ,1 .. I .. ...-'... . .
uim ior ii, sum nu quite exaspi'.rBteti.
" Why, eur, -whilst I was talkiu' ta him nb-nit
the wages,- lie turnctl tip the bottom of his fut.
and with t splinter iu his fingers, stir, ho lis gave Vtmun 9 mle, Is msda a light assault on the
one atake, mid the fire few out of his fut. and hik. M . I'U, h iWernr, interfered wild re
bnnicdtl c stick, imd be lighted hisscgorwid it, mwe4 Ilia son, Jmt the afl'a'r evented much e
light af no Jiy own face, lie's tbe divil. suie." eiumtc-it. wlt Soijhv aflerwards vha'lengoj
.-.'' " AV York Purr. - ' thi lu'.e whti telW cil awep'oi ce.
- TJuKAM Ki hi I'tMi'l'. -This
important fi-l dn -i.iv.ent is now l.e.'t.re
the o'.bc, and we have l..ieu oies u in onler t .
iwceit-ini In in ihe f .uii:a.n hi 1 1 il c c i; Inn nof .
arl.ius within the. p:o.ime whu-ti it emlira, es.-
Altln ughwa hud pieiius!y guthe.el from the
Message und other tourcs p""itv avoiiuie
mn'i ii about its gei'.ctalhrads, vet it is i s' It the
tie expuiieiittif the fi-iocnis I 1 1 -1 p; r n.cnt
from winch it ciiiauai'.e.!. Its ilciao- lunioh. in
an authrnta) manner, il e leans ot arming at
III' rCCt CtintlUSUa.SUSto lire W IMl-ni aioi riik it-nr.,
w thi which Uhb national hmu.tet have been m- n
aged bv ihe Seeieiary, w ho, I ctng a re i fl d r
antler a new AdiuiiiisUation, in preparing this lu
fiistannuiU BeKut, must, of cvurM', haie felt in
more tbau aa ordinary ucgrce lbs rcsjs nsilnlit
of hi tik. It is nut o'.r purpose to examine his
statements and estimates with a critical f .imality
cl.w ness. We design merely to uotics it ia a
brief way and gtvc a niinmary ot its tomeiiia nr
our leaders, wiih such ocia"ioiml eoinmcuts a
we may Jiavo rotm for in our article.
We Warn from it Uiut Ihe Ti-eamry is in a state
of plctl era almost bordering on ll.o jl'"""'"'""
Tiio Scoretury has been ut his wits end to keep '
tlio country from sufl'ering from the henvy Bceu-mul-itiviw
'which have Lwn mu-easingly flowirg
in from the prodigi;aia expansion of our commerce,
ll a diftctilty has Ucn, tut in "rnise the w ind,"
1...1 !., keii'down suirlutes. The excess of rc-
coipta over expemlltiucs, tbe See rtary says,
ravwcJ qlirm in cummercinl and mo letary ein-fc-e,
ti alleviate which bo roscr"! to the expolietit of
pui-cbaung guverumeut stoeks 10 a hu ge auiuuni
null advanc BX heavy sums to the Mint to emiblci
it to pay for gold bulliwn in uihvtni i f its coin
age, luthis way tl injnrii.ua cilceianfwrroniu
hTlion have been ao checked as to pieient lite
paniu from a ttsi stringent operation of ihe Treasure-,
which mieht otherwi: o Imvcihcn. The cash
I baliuicc on band, -nn the Will September last, is
V-Mied to have been S8,217,Sh7 J8. The pnldt
thcj Sl lieceiulicr, omountctj to .t,.i,s'fc
157 52. rij,inoria of Ibe tisl year, end
ing June aiuisaja were, ii.c'ioluig siiecie.
:o,(li8,rHi, and tl.SWort to.452,25
ahowiug tt dtffi .'.renew ot mare Wi W7.tB.ai.taa
against us, wlut tl Ihe jsecretary say atonld 1 e
mora than made ur by the profits on F.xiviris.
f.iligllts and m mey brought in by emigruuto--
A nuwiltcation ot the ptcsent lantr is iww.
mended USo an cqu'ulir.iiig principle, which
would reduce (he rcu nuo ulsjut SlntUHiO. Ia
j e.iking ef the operations uf the Mint, the lie
pot t ataies that fioui the Ulst January to the olst
Oetolier last, the gtdtl coiaaee amounted to$tti,
DOS .045 Oil. and tl e siher Co.,.e lo 'P.I!'. ''i'S. '
Our tonnage ia now 4,4t'7,01o tons. I cing an in
crease of ti8,l.ltK) tons over tbo pi-enMiug vesr.
Tho ooastsur.ey, ti'idc the si p-trvisioii of Prof,
liticne, is pnigiessiog t.ivot.ioly. A hrnneii
Mint SI Sin Vianei.-oo, wilhnc ton. itvt.i ct l.i $ '.IV
tKK),O00 annually has been CiUtim ted for. lo lo
fui iildiod and ready for tj by the 1st of Febru-
ry nexti and tticio is every.reason tt l.eliee Unit
the contract will b complied w ith. The Custom
House cunlriieted y lie built at the same phi. o
suspended iu coiiiciiiieiiee ot uifhi-ulttoa l-
ttveen the tlovcmrwnt and the Stale of Califor
niiribmit tire title to tho lot on which it is to
ali,t,j1 ll i hnr.t.il l...n,,cj it... tl.. ....... vu
irmiiBement of the mutter w2i be made so as to
enable, tho contractors to proceed with their work. ,
the secretary ucesnot make a very encouraging
statement uls tit ti e f ."i.tsni.lV rc'seryd in the
Texan Boundary Bill for the lienelit t f ihe Texan
creditors, in eoiiseqneiice il the rotusul or.
lv.,B i .hUi,M !.., r.....i i.. ,r. r.,;,..i v......
iu noconhinee with the proviso in the Bill, and
under a decision of the late A. hiiihif.triilo.il.
hteh the n'Htoiie baa detciinined not to dis
turb, a i stock can be issue.?, and the consequence
w, tuat ma, enniiiors ot J.xas reuiuiu numtul.
altliuuglt many uf them are willing to file their
st ick aud relinquish nil claim on the Coiled
states mitl rmeiio the proportion of tho f.),tKXl,
000 to which ihey are entitled to. ,
- Tacse are tls most prominent pi'ints of the
Treasury Ite.sirt. , Finaneinlly and eonimorr ia'ly
our Otivoruuient is repre euied ns exi-eeilingly
ii.-vivu,. ax u ruioij- mo ease nisi aomioiini -Itnlijrl
exhibits any considerable rxeess of reve
nue ovor extssmUuires. Still more rarely is it
t ie case such a document hns rams to treat such
..i i i .... , .
rvuuiHiitiu'v w nn crii oi snincienv nmguiiutio IQ
ill luce the most serious efforts to counteract its
intliieiicos. To Mr. Outhria's ctricctiiM we
L would add another, which would, In our opinion.
uo n w ise onu excel icni o -c, as laroa u goea,yias
takrfrom tlietloyeniment Die whole of the pub
lie linde and distribute tl.em ftpmlli timwf ait
Ihe ttnln. This Wi uid redtieo Ibe nn.iiml receipta"
into thft TreitsurV 1 tro or t h t e, tittllt.toH i,f ,l,.lt.,ra
which ctnitd It lory well spared even with the
proposed nitKlifteatioii of the Tariff," Wo are f..r
jiuttiiig tii ia corruption fund ns von as possible
out of (he reach forever of the Federal arm. The
lands have Aiile-1 to ftoeotttplish the declared la
tent of tbedonots tbcstipiihitit.nsof the cession
diolsuCii-becn shntm-lu'ly. xiolatnl, and will
cniitimio to be. Jt is right and justthereft.ro that
tho lands should revert tip the original grai to
or nt h ast that theso bitter should get their fair
share of them In a genernl distrieution. No time
is more favorable for this inuusure than the pres
ent, when the Treasury ia groaning oinler the '
bunion id" a surtilus that n ems lo tax Ihe Secre
tory 's ingenuity keep within ih-rent Isinntls.
. ., j , . ' , .-. , Jtrilurti hitelliyrnrtr.
f i siiinii ao nut two Jut so vs. Andrew
tiinlisi,,, M-nfl ll.& rti-h.tiKtl .l.i.ili.nn ...il V' .. L 1 :
P.eriD ia the " M..ilorn Jm-kson," or Jackson No. 2.
Caleb Cnsliitig Is No. 2's I ed f.Iend. Has slept
with Vrnnklin, wholieliovcs in h'.iii.nnd has made
hiin Attorney (lehnrul of tbo Cuited Statoa iu
fact, swears bv him.
- I low singular' that Caleb, who loves No. J jack
son with all his nHly ami mind, should nolbave
loved No, I with the am 0 t!e;itli of tlerolln.
But lie didn't like So. 1 at all I im the emfaarr-
ho once declared, " that be would like ti be owe
of A deputation from the people to march to Wash
ingtoti, and ml lu' iinut uf Ihe M hiranl 9ii
i. .1 - J
Isn't it singular that a gentleman of such
dolicu'e atieiiti.His to No, t Jarkaou in hv-gmiti
days -shiaild be pnttr.litnd catctw'dby Frankliu
Pierce Jackson. No. 2 ?
Don't you think o, nei,i"bl.'T !em-ir.it. ?
. it h,,inn"'uii II raid.
Valt.t'B tir THE Fll.l.I'll-TrK
Kxi'F.niTtos.
Deautt liei wmo weive l at Wa
hinV.oo. Mo
d)'. by Seniito-iiivin. of California, showing ! e
f uiiirc of the hllihit-torjitg. ep'ibti-n ntra'n-t
L.W"r('-i!il,iriiia. The J. L. S'cven i, at Pana
ma, 1 1 diiys 12 hours from San l-'ru oil o. retiorts
that she s.ke, Nov. 20, the Lngloh bark Ca-o-line.
with Walker's exnwlitiftn on I card.
'! he cxpcdili'.a had iantlcd al Lain, and nrn
ehiiiue.l (he iu-fejiehdetice of Lm.'r C.ibl'oruia.
'i'lioy t.ok the (itivernor and ex-tioteiuor prison
ers and re-einharlteil. Tiioevpe lition was turn- .
posvd of lu-tsthau filty mert. ThccapMUii tbougl t
them at sea in more ways than one.
Tub M.iaaoxa or S.ii.r Lvs iNTaofin.r. The
if .a..... .... i.. t u. :u . r
into trouble with tl e r nci .'lilstra wluovter thee
..,'. ,,.,u I , .. ,MU,' II1W Ill-IIK IV I'l l-t'lllllK
gi. They, as a but rruort, w ent ti Salt Like
V alloy, but eve-) there they have spt into difficulty
tritii tliutlrcea iirer Iradora. Jrtsswsfu'in Fort
Lirainic sdys ! , ,- ''.
A C MlipjtlJ-nf aion sni!ere 1 or.t t i. -i-.1
ley fcsk several prls.e--s, o : u ,
h ud lib ir in chains in the t ,t
dinve vlf rt nmulstr iif, cat-j.- . . o.to t
Tillcy ton't psscss!oa t I vntHrl-
focts. Atitl tvxc.1 ono rmrsoii 'jjuliim neu of ask
ing hiin prisonor. Tliese facta I have from a
Mormon, i h I learn tint they were done on ao
cntiit of sundry misdemeanors, and a yit latien
of .the right of fu'ry privileges ot, vireen riier. I
d. nut protend to iudgtMif the matter, an I do not
wish to prilice ilicjiond of any ope. but let the
fuc's 1 e smi oritur otfifially plal before the
public." ;; . - ''"
nirWTi:y'iiiiiii Orriciii s at Minain. A
d Ilieulty hat ota-Bi'red in Sjiiiiu betivwu yotn
H Mile and a S ms'i oSclal undor the followina;
circuiiisiniM'tis ;
At illsili given by tbe French Amhassalor at
M ulrid, tl e Uuke r Alba, br dher-inJaw of the
French Empreis, mado a diwmging rerhrrk
cone truing the d.ei of Mr1. Smle, ife of the
Aaie -icsn .Minister, which belnr overheard by
' if''.'' , .'t'W'"
' '