,-1
. r
cumsiancr of that event, was not tl !
tempt of ih General Government ta re
tcte '.is Uwsj Wat lk told and heatlesa
earn which preveiled in a certain sectiua
the car. leva indifference with whit bit
waa threatened t fee freemen intosub-
mi.son at the piot uf the bayn'f ami
that, tow. when a tyrant, reving and ibira-'
tin fur bWd. uritd en bf the dtm-0 ol
. rev.nge that was gniwmg at hia1ieen.
with aa inaa liable an appetite, aa that of
th vulture lha preyed apon the Irver of
the rablcd Prumeibes when tliia tyrsni,
I say. wa profanely swearing 'by the E
Urjffiht he wtrold hang on a galluw.
aiitK ssjHaman's, men whom 1 then be.
.etrt,4e aeleated hy i!ia urf l impel-
' tea VTfairiaf ' Genileoien y say
thi w a a youthful iiiilicreiiof still it
ws the hones! conviction of mjr heart.
Ard I yt brlie that llit-re must be a
rnnserva ive principle in the S aire f tliia
Union to airr l be progress of federal
asurpaiion. when lucdsngert of resilience
bt e 'ine preferable In further sobmis-ion.
"la sihrr'wordaj i b4ie thai the actios
of a Stale, in' lief highest sovereign caps-
. riiy, establishes a relation between sh
S at atl the Federal Onvernment, aa fr
bi l ihe ii'.ra of frc b the la'trr, until
- cMei..a'ini a4 opiaa -ae bero
til-d in aiiw Anil thai - when colliaiou
t!oca akr plarj, that a h action on i lie
- part f a a, reni4 the relaiiun Lai
twenthat 8'atoao'l the Ornrral 0iern
t t, of rebrl on the our haaJ, anl au
rrr'rn on the otlrr. , It mijiht be a rao
- of ar bat th idea of- Hie Uenrral 0
rtnmnt pumahint aa trbrW, torn ahu M
ed t y 5tatf aalhortijr.ia comuilidattwit. It
ia mkinf Stata rijht ibut wbirh we
hear an ntuchnothits mora ihaa thoar
re !atiitiarf rhta which are Marad
, by of ltuiaia or the lara of Mu-
V ca. TuU, ir, ina lew wnla, i my id-
of S afe interposition. Call it nml.fira
tino, revidaiion or what yo wil . aiill I
b.'tie it to be the grt balance wheel f
our ayatem 'ha j real eniratie princi
ple that ia to pre erva the f-deralive fra-
,. tare of oar Goternmrnt, and la Ma it
front rnnanlidaliiin. .
.fiir, I do not wiah .!.,. w - o ndrratood
-on-thi objiVii I do not inaiat 4ka( oat
lification ia a remedy, vn ltr ikt tontliiu
Hon. neceaaarily fteacrfal in ita operatioo.
" I hf a n Vli-k that ollition Betwrau a
Stat and the General UuvrrnmenW wal
aeer rooiempUted b? lha framera af tba
constitution, or Mwitd W-in that in
- airummt. But I inaM that, when tach
roliiaion doea take place, that, owl g to
Jhe peculiar character of our inatitntiona.
oaring ta the fict that the contitatin ia
a compact between aovcrrtgn Statu, it e
tablialvra lha relation between the conten
ding partiei of bflligerrotlot err ign; who
are to ba goeerred at.d restricted by the
lawa of nations. Neither do I beiieve
that the Genetal Government ia rendered
powerlei for action, whenever a State de
; dirts, that an act of Conyreta shall ba io
oprrative within its limits. Whenevrr
that rontinvenry happens, it bccnases a
matter af eonsideratlon with the General
, Government, whether it will field ita con-
' sti action if lha taw to that of the Siate
whether It will paase temporarily, lor the
sake of conciliation, as I brlieve it should
ot whether it wilt immediately enforce
ita own construction by physical force. 1
can hardly tonceiva a case of State rsis-
, tanra to nat'unal laws, where physical
force would not neceaaarily follow and,
my word for .it, aa Stale will aver nullify
law of Congress, until it has prepared
itself ta fight. Bat bera ia the great val-
tie and advaatage of State interpositit.n:
when force is used by the GeneraL Guv
era men I, s ml open war follow, as it aa
cesaanly must, the ctuxe'ia ol a state, sc
; ting amier Slate autboriiy, " when taken
' with arms in their hands, caane be hung
" a traitora agsinat the nation, (bat mat,
from the nature and gri.ius of oar ini'itu
tiona, ba trea'ad aa prieonere of war.
titter cavior, that men, acting in obedi
ence ta Stale authority, are to be placed
on the ssmo footing with a lawless land
of individuate aaarmbled together fur the
riurpose of arresting the execution of thi
swa, without having any political organi
zation or legal sanction whatever.
. I am a warn there is still a lingering
prejud:ce in a certain quarter againat at
''""who-hkVrete'
State intei noaiiinn. I can aaaure mv
" Woig Fnend here", hf it ta :i ' it 'great
sneaaare..ta the erergy. the daring, and
Satrinticenihaaiasna d the alvMcata ot
(ate rights, that our victory in the South
ern State i to be attributed in the late
contest. The error of our Northern friend
tontitie in thiat they identify State ri'jhi
with South Carolina, and the tooiae and
conduct of South Carolina, . politician.
Thfra tirfff was a areater- luiatakr;
- one can f-el more imligna-it than w e do, at
WHite-sing the devpotic and high lonrd fed-j
era! imaturea. lo which a proieioa of ;
Slate ligiita i made subservient in that f
3uarter. It would be a atjuar to con- j
eni'i the Cliriatian religion Ut U the ru.i
etiie and prrcctiona com billed to its j
name, during the dak ages, s lo run-
leunSlilt right-fur alt the political ,
, k-ieaiea and lederal opireaioos tust are (
n jw practised in rAsir name. I
Bit am twlJ by gutUm oa the
other aide, that Ihe principle 1 adteralai
ore in oMMMiitn lu State right, ' It ha
become vrrj laahionable with lhat paily of
iar, iais 04 mate rignta. wen wno mm, eat ol mta$Vrt$. "Aftu loaf tactile
have been ihe uniform aapportera of the tiase, when the popular impulae i up. be
iMit federal adminiatratioa that tver axis- fe lha eacmy baa lima ta recover from
ted in thi country, exw, h-a they are hia defeat aud the sooner we act. the
' alrtven ftoa power, begin I prate atx-at more aneetly will be the relief lo the eoan-S'at-
rifthts aiid ha eonatiluiion. The try. For if. after all the promises we
tentl-m-m frm Mii-ippi. (Mr 11iimp- have made, and all ihe high hopes and ex
) f om Alabama. (Mr. Ilobbsnl.) and p-clations we date excited, we now stop
l.niM New York. (Mr. V.nd, f tel,)Jrli. , Iimi, and leave lo time to effect what ran
erd to oalio.irilie apa ectaoamy. and the only bedoneby prtmptandrfteiiveactioii
ildte.'nf keepins; within the limit of the itwe leave ihe currency f ihe country still
etMisiitatton. Why, what do lho gentle- 'to aufr, ihe commerce to laaguiah. the
owa kDuw about Siate righU and cotl.ti .pablot wotjf Afprtcted, the Treasury
K
tational restrictions? . Have they not been
' .i.- ....-.. t,iu.riH or an iitmiao.
tra'ion that ia steeped, doubly steeped, in
M V I VII 1 11 ft iaiiinii w. -
the daikest .Iff of federalism) Hae they
forgtin their cmm the New Jersey
question) , Have they forgotten ilia conrse
ol their co-laborer in the Senate, in er-
rsigniog the Smtea C thie Union for dac
log to so into ilrbi r orn I think ol
th'o thing, and bear theae gentleoaen
talking of State rights, 1 am reminded ol
Kbepierre haranguing the Jacobine club
on the bleaainga of freedom, whilst the
head of innocent victims were borne on
pikea through the Streets of Paris, 1 ran.
not afffd ia learn Siato right in such a
chowl';
air. Chairman, I aunt confrss lhat I
waa not only aurpriard but pained al the
evneral tmnr of the speech f my friend
from Virginia Inthuooiaet ot his re
marks he slluded to cenaia miarepre
sen'oiions sod auicioi whit h, he said,
had been indulged in towards him. As
to me. he knows, or he oulit to know,
lb I It am tlieit one in tti wiirM to do
him injuat ce. Ilo ia "grappled toy
heart nh a hook wf at eel," tmi strong I o
be broki-n by any ptditical developementS
here. 1 have hung upon I i ehMjumce
U Vloo uio. h rapt ore-,- pil sp
on h a brilliaut aud gallant career with
lui intense an admiration, to indulga the
leaat reusoe ga'mt his cour'ae. For aae
la atie npt toaimonih him, or lo crittciae
hi comluct, would be. like a raw recruit
attempting to levtore an eipii'-ncrd gen
eral upon ine art of war. Supei t him!
Ns air. No one soapects him; no one
an. No one has any right to suapect
linn. Ids srrvii ea have b-en loo great,
hia devotion to the beat interests f bis
tounry has been too well provrn, to allow
any one In au.prct for a ninmftit the puri
ty of hi inu.ivea, ahhoujli e may feel
grieted 1 1 vat a ainrera coviction of duty
may lead him lo diflVr with his fiiemla.
An.l, sir, I nittal say, my feelings compel
me to say, that hia apercii f' l I otninoualy
upon my ear. And oulit ihe gentleman
to complain thai hia view liars been t e
subject of ronveraaiion and conjee I urr?
Il is ike highest compliment that could b
paid In m I: V kifow ihe strength of c his
giant arm loo well, nat lo feel annoyed,
etenat Ihe possibility ofloainglii aid in
carrying out die great aisletu of. rrlorm
whit b we have piomiaed'to thet oiniry v
e know lhat he wa one of ihe first who
dared to "braid the Douglass ia his hall,
and the liun in his den." We know lhat
he riaked not only hia poliiiral but hia
personal safety, in dragging from thrir
hiding place the foul agenlauf corruption,
and espoting their enotmiii'alo the light
of day.' And will he not allow us lo ex
press our regret, our sorrow, st the pros
pect of a difference of opinion between
him and as? Il appeared ta me thai he
travelled out of hia way to attac k most of
the great principle under which we have
marched to victory, and lo vvhiih we stand
pledged to Ihe people to conform our ac
tion. Whilst bearing testimony lo the u
tilily and necessaiiy of a national bank,
ylh says be ia opposed to mooting the
subject until confidence isieatored. Sii,
have we not advocated each an institution,
as the great agent for restoring confidence?
Would he leave in operation, and unre
pealed, the sub-Treasury, which has so
long been lha theme of his withering de
nunciation? Or would he resort tempo
rarily to ihe Stale bank system, which he
has equally condemned? Is he for "wait
ing until tlure is no commerce to foster,
an revenue to preserve?
He protested in advance against an ex-
lira ai-ation, and yet says he is for consul-
talma and compromise. v hy, then,- not
wait until General Harrison lia bad an op
portunity of consulting his fiii ods on such
a step? Why futniab, iu advance, our
enemiea with an argument against us, in
caae an extra session shall be lound o be
imliapeasabli? IU says such a nt asure
would be anwite in lha pietent excited
state of political feeling, and tell us to
ga home and consult our conalituenta. I
ik. ra a tnvuikar hare avhu tliiea Hot kriiiat
'he feeling and w'uhee of his conatiia-
aoljiT My friend reriainly dors not mean
m insinuate that the great political ex
eitement Ihiough which wehsve just paas
rd, waa the mere eHervtscence of popular
'ttnTaWstsve
disiias.ioiiate conviction. If so, he ha
hiroalf beender:ievt,f4 tiemarched in
the front of the battle. II.is not reform
a thorough aad speedy reform been or
watb-word? lias it not floated on our
bt nnera? has it not been constantly on
our lips? has it not nerved and animated
our heart? T)e glory of our triumph ha
been, thai it waa the reu;t of an impulae
lhat came bounding froiu'llie hearts of a
wronged and indgnaai people. - Ve have
r labored under the same grievanet-S. and
been animated by the sains emhuiam,
from the Arooook lo the Sabine, and
Irton the ocean to the moumaina. And
never wa there a lepreaeniaiive body so
well calculated lo reflect llialvie ws, and
carry nut the wishes of thrir roiiaiiluenta
a ihe Congress lhat is (o succeed u.
And, after having conquered in a great
bailie.' shall we amp short, l.ke HanoibaJ
ut ibe galea of Ro.oe. without poasessing
nurselve of the ritadeH No, air, n.ir.
Let ua press forward. . It as rarrv out
the sjstem of reform which we have prom.
iaed lo ihe aeoide a reform but sly of
A LK I Gil ST A R A3 II NORTH CABOLIN A 11 AZKTTK.
j bankrupt, the placee of trsst and honor
we
V - . - - - I v
la ina atnui ui doiiiicbi rinuicri,
(hall soon find that oar triamph will be
sa short-lived aa it will be barren ia iis
fruits, and that, kfter all, we shall bate but
m , A bama scepue ia our gripe,"
ftooa -to bo wrenched with aa anlineai baad,
No" friead "of our uedinj."
The gentleman from Virginia said he
waa opposed to proscription for opinion'
sake. And who is not? Yet why in
dulge' the supposition, Ihe probability or
even poaaibility. of General llarriaou re
mo ing any one from office for line caate
alone? I, too, am opposed lo such a
course) yet I believe ihsl, if "honesty,
cspsbittty, and faithfulness to the constitu
tion," are to constitute ihe criterio for
olBie, the official rorp will be thoroughly
reorganized and if the i-piniona of my
friend are not changed, he must entertain
Ihe same views. I know he would not re
tain in office that band of plunderers and
delaaltera whose peculations be has him
sell so ably exposed and, if I do not
mistake his opinions, he believes a system
of inv stigaiion would expose the same cor
r option in every branch of the public ser
vice. '
My friend f om Virginia, in the course
of bis remarks niada -an- allasiow -4 my
State, in replv to a playful remark of my
friend and colleague. (Mr. Stanly,) which
I thought a little unkind, knowing, a he
said, our .ensiiiveness en Ihe subject. He
remarked that North Carolina had so long
followed Virginia, lhat she now felt tike
an apprentice just Set free. Sir, North
Carolina needs no defender here and if
she diil, she would be unfortunate in hav
ing no abler advocate than myaelf. She
di-'regard the reproaches and the vaul
tings of her Noiilieinaud Southern neigh
b r. She stands not st'll whilst the rent
of the Union ia marching on in the career
of prosperity aud improvement lo deal
with the vague abstractions of Ihe one,
nor does siie run msd after all Ihe wild
vagaries of ihe other. But there she rests,
calm and quiet aa the surface of her eas
tern bays, yet firm end unhakeo as her
western hills. It it sufficient compliment
to her lo say that, whilst on the North and
the South of her, the spirit of reform
ba been unable to contend with the de
mon of fa. lion, yet, on entering her bor
ders, the flag of fieedom floats in triumph
from lier allantic beach ' to her mountain
tops. Sher-pose not on the fame of her
ancestor he boaats not of their lormer
renown.' " And if she has " not as many
bright names ta adorn her history as those,
who resile her. she is s. ved the disgrace
of violating Ihejr dying precepts and of
dishonoring their shades. Let it be rec
ollected that Athens was one of the proud
est and noblest State of Greece. All the
other members of that confederacy were
proud to do her honor. Yet, in process
of time, she waa ihe first to surrender her
fivettum to Ihe golden bribea of Philip)
whilst ihe Thebaus, who had once been
the objects of her reproach, perished nobly
on the field of Chxronea with li e exptr
ing liberties of Greece. My friend fiom
Virginia may lake Ihe allusion and apply
il at his leisure.
I will not suffer myself to indulge in
any apprehensions or misgiving as lo Ihe
policy of Geueral Harrison's administra
tion. He is the mrrt agent of a great
Cipuiar movement, lie cannot, he will not,
I dare not attempt lo check ihe nmeress of
tlist grrat political revolution ihrooghwhich
we have just passed. Let him but throw
himself in the current of Ihst popular im
pulse, which has swept like a deluge over
the land, and which now, when Ihe storm
is psssed, will flow on in one smoo;h and
placid stream, until it ia lost in the- great
oresn of national prosperity and national
glory. t him but do ihis, and the his
tory of the period Ihieugh which we hae
just rome, will serve ss a lesson to tyrants
in all filiate time, that they are not to'
treat with srorn the sufferings of a free and
noble people.
"Better Laugh than Cry." So say. we.
There's no use in rubbing one's eyes and
btuhberinf over "all'the ills lhat flesh is heir
to." Red eye caused by any thing but
brandy, or its kindred, are scandalous look
ing affnira. The best way is to "stand up to
the rack," and lake the good things and the
evil as they rome along, without renininir
Welwajsa eheeriogoprjej:wjth that phitoso-'
pineal ejaculation, better "lucTf next 'iThef
' Is dame fortune as shvu a weasel! "Tell
her to go to Jericho and laugh in her face.
The-happiest fellow wa ever saw slept o a
plank, and had'nl a shilling in hia pocket,
nor a coat on hia back.
Do you find "disappointment lurking in
tnsny a prize?" Then throw it away and
laugh at your own folly for so long peraue-
mg it.
Doe fame elude your erasD? Then laueh
at the follies lhat are so often her favorites.
She's of no consequence anr how. and nev
er buttered a peice of bread or furnished a man
ce' dtckr. : -
Is jour heart hioken ey
'Same maiden fair,
Of brlrht "blue eyes and suborn hair?"
Then thank your stsrs that you escaped
with your neck, and make the welkin ring
with a hearty laugh, Il lessens the weight
of one's heart smaxinly. ,
Take our advice on sll circa mslanres to
laugh dull carta away" P Don't be in a
hurry to get out of the- world it a very
good world, considering the .creatures who
iuhabitit. and it is sbout as full of fun as it
can be. You never saw a man eul hi tlir oat
with a broad grin on hi fare; ita a grand
prveeative of suicide. There's philosophy,
and lelig'.oa too, la laughing; it snow a clear
conscience and sincere gratitude for lha
thine s of life, and elevates us above the brute
ereniiou. So here gore for fun. and we put
iu lor our share while the, ball I rolling.
Dean Swift say .It is with little souled
people a ilia with narrow necked bottles,
he less they have in them the- more noise
they rnakt in potuiof eut."
rnm UU A"ktint InfUigtnctr. j
The Discourse delivered in the Village
Church in Amherst (Mass.) on the morning
of the annual Siate Fast, April 8, I4l, ny
Heraan Humphrey, D. D. President of Am
herst College, of which a copy now lies be
foie us, was devoted to a consideration of
the event, of which the news had arrived on
ly ihe day previous, of the death of Geu.
Harrison. We can imagine the effect of the
solemn opening of that Discourse, a follow:
"When at the funeral of Ijovim Four
teenth, hi favorite Chaplain roae up to ad
dress the vsst multitude of nobles and cour
tier ( of statesmen and warriors and savans;
of scholars and artist ; the proud and ac
knowledged representatives of the talent and
learning and refinement and chivalry of
France, all dad in the deepest mourning ;
the jirst acatence of die preacher waa: There
it nothing great but God ! And methinka
I hear die solemn response, froin sll the long
drawn aisles of the Cathedral, There it
nothing grtat but GoiV Kings, Etrpe
rors, and President ; the proudest rulers of
the moot enlightened and powerful States
what are they but dust, with a little breath
to keep the particle together, and liable ev
ery moment to be dissolved and scattered f
But we have introduce.! his Discourse to
the notice .of our readers, for the purpose of
making an extract from it -showing the inv
pression made upon the mind of a conscien
tious unambitious but intelligent and observ
ing man, such as Dr. Humphrey, (and we
bei lieve that a similar impression was made
on the minds of most such men,) by the In
augural address of the late President ; a pa
per which was perhaps more entirely char
acteristic of him than any other extant from
his pen. We quote from the Discourse a
follow :
You have, my friends, known my 'man
ner of life,' for many years. I have never
meddled with politics, further than to avail
myself of the elective franchise, and freely
lo express my private opinions. I have de
voted my life to other cares and duties ; and
have endeavored, I hope with some sinceri
ty, .to serve God and my generation in that
line of things' to which, if 1 have not been
mistaken, he has called me. But as a patri
ot, a lover, of my country, I have never been
indifferent to the character and policy of our
lie men: I acknowledge that from the
moment of General Harrison's nomination
to the Presidency, a vear a?o. I have wished
to learn what J could of the history of hi
life; and his fitness for the office ; and I have
rome to the conclusion that he was a strictly
honest man that he possessed a . vigorous,
enlightened, and independent mind that he
waa an arde:it friend to the beat interests of
hi country, and had 'richly earned it grali.
tuue and confidence, long before he was
thought of for the highest office in the gift of
ibe reople. tlow well he understood the
domestic and foreign policy of the nation, I
do not know, nor with what impartiality and
wisdom he would have administered the Gov
ernment had his life been prolonged. But I
am quite sure he had piofoundly studied the
CbnttUution, and with such advisers as he
had taken care to secure, and such ability,
promptitude, and integrity as he had dis
played in other public stations, I think the
country had much to expect from his admin
istration, lie certainly made a noble begin-
a w. ia. I
nine-. 1 rreauv aumire ins inaugural au-
dress, and am persuaded that it will go down
to other times, not as the ablest and best
written document of the kind that ean be
found in our archives, but as one of the toun
dett and bett in point of sintimemt and
rniKCirLt. What if it is a little more wordy,
a little more swelling, if you please, than a
... . . .i i ,
severe literary taste wouiu recommenu i
What if his allusions to Greece and Rome
are rather more frequent than some of the
critics can well abide T am glad, fur one,
that he wot to xotll read in the history of
those renowned d'aies j ami, at any rate,
the faults complained of are scarcely worth
noticing in such a paper. If 'hat wt toon
it honest, plain speaking, and sound eon-
ttitutional principles, and wk have then."
MR. WEBSTER AND SLAVERY.
The attacks recently made in the Uni
ted Stales Senste upon Mr. Webater by
Mr. Culhbert, of Georgia, af er ihe for
mer gentleman had resigned, will be re
membered by our readers. In the two in-
a'ances. Mr. tjutnoeri accuscu r. ro
. . ... . i a. i
tter of sentiments and principles inimical
to the South but in both he was ably and
successfully defended by Messrs. Clay.
Prwtoo and lUvealhtfoUowingJetter,
addressed by Mr. XV ebstrr to the l!on
Mr. Bolton, of Georgia,, eight years sgo,
will aerte lo .ahowlh ground I enes of
Mr. Culhbert' conduct i
New Yoik, May 17, 1833.
Mi Dear Sir : I have received your let
ter of last evening, requesting me to stale
my opinion of (he powers of Congres on
the subject of slsvea and slavery, and of
the xistence ol sny wish or design on ths
pa'l'of Northern men lo interfere with
the security or regulation of that species
of property.
My sentiments on this subject, my dear
sir, have been ulten publicly expressed j
bar I can have no objection to repeat the
declaration of them if il bethooght by yo
lhat each a declaration might, in the small
est degree, aid ihe friends of anion and
the Constitution in the South in dispelling
prejudices which are so industriously fos
tered, and in quieting agitations ao unne
cessarily kept alive.
n my opinio, the domestic slavery ol
the Southern Slates isa suhjert within the
exclusive control of -tha hS'ates themselves)
and thi. I am sure, is lha opinion of ihe
whole North. Congress has no authority
to interfere in the emancipation ol slaves,
or in ihe treatment of them in any of the
States. Thia was so resolved by ihe
lloue df Representatives, when Congress
aat in this city, in 1790, on the teport ol
a committee cnnsistinjr almost entirely of
Northern member ) and I do not know
an inalanreof ihe expression of a different
opinion in either Home of Congress since.
I cannot y that pirticular individual
might not possibly be foand who suppoa
that Congress msy ' possess some power
over the subject, but I do not know sny
such nereons. and. if there be any, I am
(are they are lew. Ibe servitude ol so i
great a portion of the population of the
south ia undoubtedly regarded at me
North aa a great evil, moral and poli.'ua
and the diacuatiolis upon it which have re
cently taken place in the Legislature of
aeveral of the aiava-holding Statea have
been read with very deep interest. . Bat it
ia regarded, i.everthcless, as an evil, the
remedy for which lies with the legisla
ture themselves, lo be provided and ap
plied according lo their own se.ise of poti
cy sod duty. The imputations which you
say, and say truly, sre cous'sntly made
against Ihe North, are, in my opinion, en
tirely destitute of ny just foundation. I
have endeavored to repel ihem, so f;.r a
has been in my power, on sll proper occa
sions ) and for a fuller expression of inv
opinions, both on the power of Congress,
snd on the groundless charges againat
Northern men, I beg leave lo refer you i
my remark in the debate on Mr. Fuel's
resolution, in 1 830. -
I am, my dear air, with much true re
gard, your obedient servant,
DANIEL WEBSTER.
To John Bottom, Esq.
VICE AND MISERY.
He who looks only st the surface of society,
see bat little to induce him tobelieve that man
is bor.i to evil. He who searelie ihe loweat
stratum only, finds nothing but wrstchednrs snd
vice. The truth lies between. And he who
would judge of man ss he is, and of men's char
acters and experience as they are, mu.t examine j
closely and personally, not hy classes, and in
ference, hut individually, and by sample.
Mr. Cost, who took the census of tha eiiy of
Cincinnati, has published, sinong other interes
ting statements, om account of lha situation
and character of those whom h w, aad Ihe
following is the extract:
Few people sre swar of the ups snd downs in
society beyond tha present moment. Ws see
on msn rise by some toilunate conrunrlare ol
events, whose aseendants, perhaps, who rhiU
dren, may be steeped in poverty or infamy to
the very lips. But thessme generation in the
ease, rarely witnesses the ascent and -descent of
the Udder; it i only by inquiry, or recorded his
tory, that we are called to contrast Iks affluence
or the dinily of Ihe past, with tbs dssutstron
or insignificance of the present.
In the eourse of my census travels, I found
an old lady lha widow of a distinguished pio
fpsor in one of oar eastern cities in such ab
ject poverty, that a hroad board slretc-hed aeros
an old barrel was sll Ihe labia she possessed; the.
ehsirs wero ia keeping with- the table, being
awed billet of wood. 1 discovered a msn,
who had been proprietor in a Isrge foundry, on
the river Catron, in Scotland, reduced to the
condition of s day Isborer at Iron works here.
I found a decendant of a distinguished Governor
in one of the eastern Stales, snd cousin of s lats
Governor of New Jersey, making their eubsis
tance at washing by the day. What im-
firessive rebuke to pride may be found in such
Bisons? lo all ibee cases, the individuals ap
peared to bear their reverse of fortune with V
suitable and becoming spirit, snd Some of Ihem
with such dignity snd philosophy ss command
ad not only my sympathy, but my respect.
But l(fonnd deeper grade of wretchedness than
Iheae. The spirit of ms shall sustain his I n firm
it t," but degradation and infamy, who can beart
Yes,some sre so tar stmk ss to glory lot heir sht.me
The daughter of a lespeclable elergym'an in ,
and a neice of a member of Cong res from New
York, is a public prostitute in thi city, whom
no iemontianc ean roase, set recollection
ihsme. The grandson of s general effieer of the
revolution, a diatinguished aon of Pennsylvsnia,
is now a vagabond in our city; now, and not for
the first time, on Ihe chain-gang, apparently one
of ihe mnat hopeless of the lost. I assisted to
lilt out of the gutter, in which he lay
drunk, a man whom I knrw years before in
Pitisbmg, worth even in those days, when man's
weslth waa counted only hy tons of thousand,
aa much in real estate a fifty thousand dollar.
1 found, in another case, s man of my own age
1 hsd left him in Philadelphia tweniy-fiee yesre
sgo, a youth oldie highest promise, the pride
and jny of his parent, and the delight and favor
ite of female society; ha was so disfigured by
inlempersrice, that not a vestige by which I
could recall him to memory, remained, and no
thing but eertaio lone of hi once musical voice,
and the narration of early event, which a stran
ger eould not have known, did at last indue m
to believe him ar.y thing else than an im poster.
He waa o completely ruimid, lhat it wa im
possible tn render him any service. He ha
gone down ihe river to Trxar
"Texas, tha needy outcast's general borne."
Such ia human life.
Let it be rem ned, that what Cii einn-t' pres
ents by tens, Philadelphia poese by thou-
Stinda. ' And lie wno should descend into Ihe
depth of wretchedness, poverty, snd vice, each
alternately the cause and the eflect, might pre
eot a-aoeaa of .fearful.. gainful, . interest . tci ih
philantbropraU Let it be understood,' that in
nine limes out often, all this misery is the con
sequences ef .an uneducated w&L ,Z, Zi-ZZ -
U. S. Gazette.
JURISPRUDENCE OF TEXAS.
BV THOMAS CLAV, M(J.
The following provisions, either constitu
tional or legislative, characterise the juris
prudence of the Republic of Texae, v j -
1. The President of the Republic ia elect
ed for three years only, and is ineligible to re
election foi three years after ' the expiration
ol hia term. '-
2. It ia expressly provided by the consti
tution, that Congress shall not interfere with
the institution of slavery in the Republic.
, 3. Senator are elected from Districts, by
the people, for the term of three years, and
are classed into three classes, so that one
third thereof are chosen" annually. Repre
sntaiie are elected for one vear onlv.
4. It ia provided by tlte constitution, that
as ministers of the gospel are charged with
the rare of aoula, that they are ineligible to a
eat in either house of Congress. , .
5. One Chief Justice, with the District
Judges, or a majority of them, constitute the
Supreme Court. It hold one term annual
ly at the aeat of Government. The iudgea
are elected by joint vote of both house of
Congress, for the terra of four years.
6. The Sffpwna Court baa appellate ju,
reliction only, and tries causes denovo,
without a jury, upon the record and fart,
which fact are to be agreed upon by the
partie.or certified by the nisipriut judge.
1. The District Courts have general Com-
mon Law, ss equity and admiralty jurisdic
tion, case at law are instituted by filing
petition se ting out with the writ. ,
8. The Common Law of England; aa now
practised and understood, is declared to be
en r. : n j .i. r,
in iuii lunv ui a cask, anu wio UQauilHlo
makes it the rule of decision in all criminal
cases.
9. All free white person who have bee
six months in the Republic, are entitled lo all
the privileges of citizenship, upon taking tie
oaths required by the Constitution.
10. By a late act of Congress, it is tirovi.
ded, that persons, males, who have emigrai.
ed to Texas since the first of January, 1841
or who may emigrate by the first of Janoaiy,
1812, heada of families shall be entided la
BIO, and single persons 320 acres of land:
. -il. i - . . . ..
proviueu, wiry rusioe on ami cultivate tea
acres thereof for the barm of three years.
11. Congrpse at iu last session passed
General Bankrupt law, founded upon tli
broadest principles of liberality. By an act
of tile same session the collection of foreign
de'its is prohibited for and during the term
ot hve years.
12. Cpngreaa has also provided, by a late
fawj that Negro propefly Shall hoi be ike
subject of levy aud sale under any execution,
or legal process. It is further provided by
law, that in all eases the defendant in execu.
tiou may point out. pr select the kind of pros
pcrty to be levied on, and that unlees the
property thn selected bring two-thirjs 4X
its appraised value, there shall be no sale,'
A NEW DUTY FOR CONGRESS JIT
THE EXTRA SESSION. t
The chaiacleristic ol W il sin Henry
Harrison ws ditinteretlednett. Never did
he think of himself. Opportunities enough
there were, during his life, in which, with
out off. niling s scrupulous honesty,- h
might have enriched himsel'j yet, ac 'tnj
always upon .the. principle, that hia coon:
try was lo be aerved first, his family ami
friend next himself Isst he never im.
proved them. He has died consequently
as he lived, in honest poverty.
For the first lime, a President of the
United Slates, he was b- ginning to re
reive some compensation for services ren
dered the "nation. Bill he f II ere this
poor reward could reach him; and in Ihst
fall perish the hopes ol children, and grand
children who were dependent upon him
for support. True he has left- valuable
land iu our neighborhood; but they are
not eh to pay his old dehts.and meet
expenses necessarily incurred in establish
ing himself st Washington.
The occasion calls for the nation's aM.
and we hold it lo be the duty of the extra
Congress to extend it. fat ihe firs' y tar' t
salary he paid to hit fumVy as some re
turn for the patrioi't services. .Lea
could not be off red; and who is there.
what member of Congress, (Hat could re
fuse hi support to such a measure? If
any there be, let them now white among
the people ask ihem what they shall do,
and onr word for it, that ninety-nine nut
of every hundred of them, whether politi
cal friends or foes, would demand that
more should ne appropriated as the gift i f
the nation. It will be considered sss
common offering on the shrine of patriotism-There
sre, too. noble p credent tnjas
tify this act. La Fayette as the nation's
guest, snd while embsrraed by debt, re
ceived Ihe nation aid. And our lamen
ted Harrison, while a Senator from Ohio,
in a sp.-ccli full of generous feeling and
manliness, warmly defended Ihe pivment
of one yesr's salary -to the family of Gen.
Brown. But why speak of precedents?
If there were mme, if for the first time w
were called upon to act. we should glory
in thus testifying a whole people's love for
the honored dead. It woutd be a nation
al consecration of viitiie. We call upon
the Press, therefore, to speak nnt, and in
remembrance of the services of the dead,
and Ihe wants of the living, to urge upon
Congress Ihis poor requital of an hwnored
and welt spent life. -
Cincinnati Republican.
U. S. HANK.. t
The developments made by the Inves
tigating committee of stotkholdrrs. in 're
lation to the gross mismanagement nf this
institution, since it ha held a charter torn
the State of Pennsylvsnia, are well calcu
lated tn astound the community. So fsr
as we have heard, no voice j raised in b
half of the infatusted men by hnni . th'
.flagranlaXu
been perpetrated; but all concur in de
bouncing jhpm ai swindlers, whose.;
tstes should be held liable, to the last cent,
for Ihe losses which the srockhoMr must
sustain, and whose persons should be ren
dered amenable to the most rigorous pen
alties of the criminal law. For one, we
hope lo see every msn among them, taint
ed with a connection with these villainous
frauds, prosecuted with flie utmost sevirv
ty,hoth in their purses and persons.
The e (Torts which are nude, however,
ta render a National Bank unpopular, iitv
consequence t f litis mUmansgement of a
State Rank, are exceedingly disingenu
ous and unfair. It is true. that, like a
National Bank, the Pennsy vania institu
tion had a larger capital, but the magni
tude of its capital was an element of weak
ness rather than of strength. It had no
brs aches in the diDerent States, among
which it might be divided and profitably
employed in the' legitimate bas'mes of
banking; and . hence it ' shot madly
from jjta sphere," and jilunged ;,Je.
broad and fathomletr ocean of speculs'knV .
buying cotton, slocks, &r. ' without limit,
antil it has been almsst entirely cpgolpn
ed. Beside, this, the immense boBSI
paid to the Slate of Pennsylvania fr .i
charier, and lha obligation which it .
curred to loan (aa it ha done.) that Statav
immense sums of mnncy.at 4 per rent.m
tartally eoairibled to "ita embarrassment
and downfall. Bat all theae causes com
bined could not have destroyed ir ita Di
rector! and OSicera had been faithfal t
I
1