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TH03. J, LEMAV, Eito a PorisT. IIALEIGIT, If. C, WEDNESDA-T, JUNE 23, IMS,
THREE DOLLARS A YEAR i atac.
4
AG.11CULTURA.L,
v'iTfwHft tort
NEtuPcLTY OF rPFI,aN'(UK
, P THE CROPS GROWN ON IT.
The new light which the improved state
f science is throwing on sericulture, must
b bailed by all thinking farmeis with joy.
radiance, but few cOmparatively.out of the
ranks of tbe learned, feelingits beneficial
influence. But the time seems to be ap
proachinglet us bid it .. speed when
in the wot9jit etnce,wjUJ)e
ftteo by bractice: and good farming; the
most profitable farming become an art which
will require the skilful exercise of intelli
gent mind, mare than the ex-rcise of phy
sical power to pursue it with the greatest
success.
Chemistry tbe patron-genius of agricul
ture.is now lending its aid as itnever before
lent :t, to dispel the darkness which has
too long enveloped the farmer in his pur
suit and leaching him to see, and enabling
him to compiehend, the true processes by
whwh his crops and animals are formed,
and the necessary conditions required to.
tt.U he hea vy-and -the mherfaf at the
leastex' ".se and w ith the most nrofit. Th
rfeiiiaut; light is being constantly diffused
by sdenufic men, particularly in England
and Scotland in lectures and communications
through the press, and thousands seek it as
eagerly as they do their own prosperity,
artd, indeed, their prosperity depends in an
jinppniMttdegreejpo
To oo one we think, an-ihe farmers on
either side of the Atlantic, more deeply in
debted for efforts to benefit them by impar
ting valuable scientific knowledge, than to
Professor Johnston of Scotland. The fol
lowing abridged report of one of his late
lectures before the Dumfriti Farmer?
Club, on i the necessity ot returning to the
soil the constituents of the crops taken off, 1
think will interest many of your readers.
"The different substances of which plants
are composed must exist in the soil on which
they grow: according to the nature of the
plant to be reared so ouirht the land to he
manured. Thus while wheat grain contain
ed .only, two per cent 6(ashc,hyonUin-
d ten per cent. Hence, the wheat requir
ed a much larger amount of combustible ali
ment than hay. It was true that the whole
of the combustible matter was not obtained
directly from the soil, as a large portion was
derived from the air; but from five to ten
per cent of the straw of wheat was obtain
ed from the soil: hence the provision made
in leases, that no straw shall be carried off
the land, Different kinds of hay carry off
different quantities of inorganic matters from
the soil, and consequently hive different
fleets upon the land, '
"Every plant grown, requires in accord
arice with the nature and composition of the
oil, the proportion of the ingredients in its
ashes. If no alteration of crop is made, na
ture will become exhausted in some of her
resources, and the plant for want of requis
ite nourishment from the soil must die
We have facts iq prove that nature - will
not forever grow the same plant on the
same soil. The Black Forest consisted
first of oak, then of pine and now it is again
covered with broad-leaved trees; and as
with trees so with crops; and as on a large
soon a small scale. f'
"Different modes of husbandry have been
adopted Instead of oats being grown fif
teen or twenty years on the same soil the
rotation ot three "White cropsjnd sixjrearal
grass was -adoptedlhislsrhas become
antiquated and now the preferable alter na
tion of white and green crop is adopted. Al
ternating crops and adding such manures as
have been carried off by preceding crops,
is the only profitable mode of cultivation,
while nature will also assist by the going
on of certain circumstances, such as the
decomposition of minerals, te. ...
"A soil containing just sufficient lime for
t luxuriant crop of rye grass would be far
deficient for either clover or lucerne. Th
oil must contain in abundauce what your
crops pecially requires, and consequently the
nec-stity of selecting - the manure to suit
the srppwantsd.' : ?
"The ground becomes exhausted in ma
ny wayo. By cropping too long w'uh
either one kind of grain and straw, it be
tomes exhausted of iu sol ible matter by
the action of the rains just in proportion to
the wetness of the soil. By the application
ct proper manures the , wast e may be re
gbccdi-Freding un tfte'gTfiund will replace
a portion of the waste of Jul matter, by
the dun voided by the aniut but a great
Dortion of the tolnble is frs' Wth by being
K a small extern irrcorcrct'ioj tnd berate
1m.-.:-j...."i:-.ii-''Vji;)-- ..-.iiu.. );vaij "f
of tne direct waste by caivitu orrf v-nor
r " .
ure principally containeu in tne urine ot
rattle, and just in proportion as it is lost
so irtfi'e direct waste. Guano is not a
more valuable manure than the urine of
cattle" "By butldinz suitable iia&sLthe
wbetetfHhe barn-yard saline might brpW
served, and 900 lbs: of good solid matter.
epual to the best Peru vain Guano, would be
the annual produce of one cow. We have
frequently been astonished at the results of
cenam saline substances .when.scaue
ver unhealthy plants and by the first show
er washed into the soil and immediately
consmed by the plant as its proper and nec-
cessary food and just in proportion to the
ease with which it gets the substances up
on which it is supported, and of which it
is composed, will it vegetate and flemish
"To resume; Suppose any of the sub
stances of which a plant is composed to be
already in the ground in sufficient propor-
.i .w , ...... i .
tion, men any auuuion cannot ao goau.
Suppose soda to be in sufficient quantity
for hay; any addition would be unprofitable
for a rye grass crop, while it would he
olimmense 'benefit
And again, some soils contain it in suf-
- --gt ------- ,
hcient quanity tor every variety ot crop;
consequently sny addition would be ttn
nrofilHlilo. Hence the reason of ao manv
nonflictiog opinions respecting the utility of
various mxnures. One tries gypsum, in
whose soil it is deficient and finds it an in
valuable manure another applies it to his
soil which is alreaJj well supplied with it
arid pronounces it worthless.
"Milk contains so much bonj'earth that
in 73 years, a cow pistured on an acre of
land, will carry off a ton of bones, Hence
(the Professor said,) ome lands used for
dairy purposes in Cheshire had in the
course of years , deteriorated. , U , goch , a
degree that they were not worth more than
from 5s. to 10s. per acre, just because the
cow pastured on them had carried away all
the bone out of the soil. Bone-dust was at
length applied as a top dressing and the
results wore-so astonishing that the land in
creased 700 per cent, in value and the rec
tors tithes were increased five-fold- Any
or all other manures, had the soil wanted
bone would have proved ineffectual. The
bones added just what had gradually been
taken off in the lapse of years inconsequence
or the peculiar husbandry of the district."
Ar. E. Farmer.
FINE FLOCKS OF SHEEP IN THE
VICINITY OF COLUMBIA SOUTH
CAROLINA
The practical Agriculturist and' genuine
lover of rural affairs, would be both grati
fied and ariiply repaid by visiting the mag.
nificcnt flocks of Shee p belonging- to Col.
Wade Hamton, and Mr B. F. Taylor in
Ihe ' lneighborhood of this- city. -Those
who wish to be convinced of the fact that
we can successfully raise fine Sheep in our
Southern climate, should go by all means.
Example like these are worth more than
a heaped up mountain of arguments', theore
tically prepared by those who take interest
in advocatidg such things throngh the me
dium of the Agricultural Journals. The
flock of Col. Hampton is superior to any
other we have ever seen in any part of the
United States. I hey are pure blooded
Liecesters, and Bake well himself were he
living would be proud to own tbcra. They
. i . U :t .u: .U-f.-J
uaiMiu, iiaro tuai iuuuii. 11 any miiig ui men
characteristic superiority--if-we- judge- br
soma of his animals which have matured.
Mr Taylor' - flock- it ehiefly - M erino
with a dash of the blood of the African or
Broad. (ailed sheep and they have shown
themselves to be extremely fine and prnli
fic. He reeen'Iy showed us the fleece of a
buck lamb 14 months old which weighed
101 pounds Dr. Parker the Superinten
dent of he Lunatic Asylum in ; this city,
has just shorn a pair : of late spring's
Liecester lamb about 14 months old, bred
by Col. Hampton and the weight ' of the
fleece from the buck Iamb was 13 ponnds,
whilst that from the ewe lamb weighed 111
ponnds. , . . . ,V ' '.
CoL Hampton ha shorn all his Iambs
of the prejent season and we will make
the wool growers of the North open iheir
eyes, when we state that the average weight
of the fleece of about sixty head was four
pounds each He has done this in order to
relieve them from the oppressive heat of
summer
"On visiting his flock T ft w day s 1 1 nceT
we fouud them in fine condition, without
the least appearance of disease of any
kind amongst them, and what is remarks'
M?Albii&.kepl in goodorder-vn-ery-sliort
pastu.age which is one of the very
h;t f-jv'ufiB we can give of tbe thrift
of this remarkable breed of sheep.
With such flattering results be fore us why
should we despair of making a great portion
of our State profitabjein..tJhi8..br8nch,Qf.Turai.
l enterprise
pr'8er jdnrifdgtisuy,
penor-sfSfftageS- of "our mountain
regions as sneep waiKS anc we snail on
some other occasion gather information
and give our own views upon the proprie
tjr. of iutroducing good breeds of Sheep in
thejnjd. se
South-Carolina. That the whole sand
hill region bordering on our extensive
swamps is eminently adapted to this busi-'
ness has been fully proven by the success
of the flocks above mentioned.
We should like to ee such flocks obtain
thoughout the State nnd we fancy the gen
tlemen above named, would do all in their
power to gratify such individuals as might
desiie to make the exerirm-nt by furnish
ing them superior stcck animals at moder
ate rates when their p ices are compared
with the heavy and hazardous exnenen nf
imnnrtlnrrihpmimmlnii.lv fVnm f."r, !,,!
John UandJlphsaid he would walk a 1 la thefercooottyie thoroughly warlike
hundred yards out of his way merely to ! he talk is of nothing else than a brush
kick a sheep. W e would go a journey of f wilh Mexico if she wishes it and in ad
dfty miles to admire a good flock. He ! d,l,on lhat the PTposmons of Mexico, find
might have been wise in his averson to i England will bo promptly rejected. Many
these animals, We know we are wiser in ' t,,il,k' and Wllh ?ood fihow of reason. tht
our great fancy for them. j l,'p movemrnt of troops towards Rio Grand
SmLCariniaaM'm by England .
Ivhat mpyt From the New Orleans Tropic
" nAl r,E'AU1 , j Captain Elliot, the British minister, arrf.
Sugar recommended as the cheapest ted at Galveston on the 20th ult. from
and best manure for turnips! A writer ; Vera Crui, in a French vessel of war and
in the English Mark Lane Express of the Mt 0llt for tie SCat of government immedt
5th of May says i lately. The papers state lhat Elliott wm
'Farmers are busy in repairing ground j the bearer of propositions from Mexico,
.foX?u?lAn.OrnjpiaM.th fallows acknowledging-Texan- independence. - In -
generally are in a forward state. This is relation to ibis matter, the News says j
the period now,, and from now till June, "The purport of the treaty, according
for the farmer to be on the alert. If he to Elliott's statement to a friend of our."
loses hi turnip crop, it is more his fault
in the majority of cases than any control,
lios cause. His motto should uow be,
to keep his soils moist by compression,.
and tke eed is certain to germinate, and
go on, too, if he willbut supply the young
plant with the necessary food. Sugar
will, now the price is reduced, I have no
doubt, be extensively used. I speak from
experience, when I say that, of all ex
traneous manures (if one it may be called,)
it has produced more visible effectr, in the
least space of time, than any other I ever
used, and is strictly what the turnip plant
reqnircs in the first stage of its growth. I
would strongly lecommend it to be tried
on a small scale, mixed with ashes.' ,
Among the papers recently read before I
the Academy ot Science at raris, was one
embodying an elaborate essy by M. Fer
soz, on the best method of fattening geese.
The subject derives its importance from
the great number ePmcthods which have
been devised by epicures to effect the ob
ject It has always hitherto been conteii.
ded lhat the food should contain the ele
ments of fat, to be eliminated by the goos
in the process ot digestion, ui. rersoz
is of - a different pinion. He contends
that it is of no consequence whether the
food be of the kind alluded to or or not.
as the goose, he says, forms in the process
of digestion fat from any foot!, if it contain!
a certain proportion of azote. The Bul
letin in which these essays are sketched,
says of this one:
We . hope M.,Persoi will also show
that it is not necessary in the fattening of
geese to expose them to the tortures prac
tised by many of the feeders, such as nail
ing them by the feet and confining them
in a narrow space to prevent; motion.
We have no objection to partake of a good
fat goose, if the feeding be merely the re
sult of abundance of wholesome food, but
we confess that wis never see a fat goose,
and, above all, a large goose liver, with
out thinking of the atrocious inhumanity
that is frequently resorted to in order to
make the feeding of these poor animals a
ucceiiful speculation
tATE FROM TEXAS.
The steamship New York arrived at
New Orleans on- the 6th instant from
Galveston, which place she left on th.4ihl
mst;
Gert. Lamar and Major, Donelson arrl.
ved t Galveston-n-the 31st ultr-The U.
S. revenue cutter Woodbury arrived there
on the 3rd instant with despatches for the
U. S. Minister.
Capt. Elliot the British Charge to Tex-
-a:srre3rhedGalrestDri WThe everiTrig ot thsi;
0tli uit. in a French man of ar brig.'
TK C;;!;.n.y. it.jj understood
that he brought further overture!
from Mexico for an acknowledgment- of
the independence of Texas. He proceeded
.-to-the-seat- of Government imntediatelT.i-
JTbdmm proposition.
bronht is not known, but if they be of the
nature intimated, they will probably, savi
the Civilian, "be laid beforo the public in
A ICrw hnrt lim." Tlia um. ia.ilil.
wThe decision of the question- of inde-
sfvely to the people, and the
Government
has manifested its entire
to allow the -matter - to be
the."
willinsness
decided bf
The U. S. squadron, order commodore
Stockton, was at anchor off Galveston on
the 4th instant.
The New Orleans Piciyr.ne says
We have received verbal intelligence by
this arrival to the effect that the Mexicans"
are really concentrating a large force on the
Rio Grande, preparatory to war in case
! Txa should sffreeto Annexation. Our
is simply the recognition,, our indepen
dence, without regard t& limits, upon
tne condition lhat we renounce annexation
to the United Slates, leaving us at liberty
o''anx'';toT'Erfitid,' r any':' other1"
government."
The most astonishing item of intelligence
received by thfs arrival is contained in a
parag.aph in the Houston Telegraph, which
iu referance to the statement . in ihe met.
sage of Cuevas to the Mexican Congress,
that Texas had made proposals to Mexico
to obtain an acknowledgment of her inde
Cendence, says : "We have been assured
y Col. Allen, our Secretary of State, that
President Jones has made no proposals Ut
Mexico, and authorized no agent to pro
ceed to Mexico with proposals." The Gal
veston News, speakiug of the endeavor to
represent President Jones as a friend of an
nexation, say s thai such inference canotbe
drawn from existing facts; and in reference
to the above extract from the Telegraph,
remarks : ... f
This, to aay the Isat of It, I most
extraordinary - mode . of explanation, and
challenges no small share of credulity
especially as at this moment Capt Elliot is
in Washington, and prob-ibly again in se
cret conclave with the President.
This declaration by the Telegraph ' in
thi face of existing facts, appears tous
strange and inexplicable. There is tome
mystery about this affair which w
would like to see elucidated.; ,.V
' LIBERALITY. '
- A eheck- fyr $100 was received this morn
ing from a venerable and distinguished gen
tleman of Raleigh, as his own contribution
for the relieTof the needy aufferera.
: ; : : Fa&Obt. '
THE SAILOR'S CHART. I '
"I want a chart,' said an bid sailor, as
he entered a store, and addressed a young
man behind the counter. Tes, Sir, joa
shall hare one. Wilt yon have St. George's
or ;Stay," said the sailor : youth
always in a hurry. I want a chart that shall,
guide me to Heaven; Jor I have lost ' my
old one. -Do you nowuadersUiadmtt