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ff 7T T..f J. PL,'. J?. " M I (III I t,,i. ,V1S THOS J, LEMAY, Eit hi ? ia iitsilkctvai iiriTiicu iiMiitn-Tu iirb of ov ! ti ion M tci irxctiai ," " " , . Vi (THREE POLL til A VEAK-liaiBVAaci RALEIGH, Pf. C WEDNESDAY. DECEftBEII 1, 1IU. ,' TOL 3S. . ,;iR:n-A'iviMiii-' mwM ti m m n? nmnrii mwm n i : i m . -1 rifc; ff ML EUall MUM 1J l II t I 13 lliU Hi II LI I'M i in itses ipi isiiai isiLaoiui is van i c mi is i m m m Hi iaj aay , isi ta bi bi hj uj w , ir uv oiuu wu av iss uuta is Incombustible Waih. Slake J stona liais in Inrse tab or barrel, with boiling water, covering the tub or barrel, to keep in nil the steam. When thai slaked, pass six1 qtrarts of "it through a fine sieve. It will then be in a state of fine flour. Now,to Rixquartsof this lime, ' ndd,. one 'quart of rock pr Turk's Island salt, and one gallon of water, then boil the mixture and skim it clean. To every five gallons t of this sikiiuined mixture, add one pound of nlum, half pound of cop peras, by slow degrees add three fourths of.a pound of. potash,' and four quarts of line, sand or hickory ashes sifted. We suppose any kind of eood hard wood osbea will ttr swcr as wull as niCKory. inis mixture will now, admit of any coloring mstter you please, and usaySbe applied with a brush. It ooks better than pint, and is as ' u rnblo as state. It will stop small leaks in tho roof, prevent the moss from irfdwinS tver and TOttin? -ihc wood, and render it incombustible from spnrks falling upon it. When Jaid np:n brick work it renders the trick imporvioiis to rain or wet. Farmers' Rigister. Killing Sheep Elijah M Davis, White Plains, N. says if 1p1! ara nut on one or two sheen in a flock, it will prevent dogs kill ing them. "IJatbre I put bells on my sheep," says he, "I was considerably troubled with dos; but since I belled them 1 have not been Iroitbrerat aTfr Whttr OTtmy-Trf By" nefgtibtfrtf whdTlid not5 use the same precaution, have suffered more or less. A sheep killing dog is a sneaking creature, and when they start np the 6heep, bells make a noise and the dosrs sneak - off. If the sheep are within a half a mile of the farmer's house tke -bells will give the alarm."" , Hosts in Ohio.Hf ft census of the swinish multitude in Ohio, published in the Cincinnati Atlas, " it appears that that species of popu lation is increasing at the west quite as fast os that of the bipeds. .The whole number of hogs in Ohio is now but littfo sho'it of 2,000,000. The following are a' few among many instances of profitable cows, nn account of which is given in the Springfield, Mass. Republican: "The famous Oakaes cow, owned in Dauvers iu this , Stat.i, may be mentioned as very remarkable; the produced 191 lbs. of butter m a week. In 1816 her . butter was 4SU lbs. She was allowed 30 to 35 bushels of Indian, meal a year; she had also potatoes and carrots at times. A cow owned irt Andover, 1836, yielded 867 33 from the market, beside the supply of-the family. The keeping was good pasture, the switt ol the house, and three pints of mc:il a day , A cow owned by Thomas Hodg rs. in North Adams, produced iu 180, 423 lbsi of butter. Her fed was ono quart of rye meal and half a peck of potatoes, besides very good pastorlng : : ' - A cow owned by S. Henshaw, formerly of Chicopeo Palls, gave ' 171 lbs. of.buter a week, and in ' one case 21 lbs.! This was a ha tivo without any mixture.; J";', j ,.A cow in West Springfield is re ' corded as having given in CO days ,., 2,6021 lbs. of milk which , is equal ,.fto quarts daily. , . ... A cow owned by O. B Morrris, . of Spingfiuld Mmo weeks afforded 14 lb. ot butter; besides milk and v-cream tot - family ller feed " in winter was good hay, and from I to 4 nuarts 'of rve brand Bl'uiirni. i',,Judgyre,marks, in the accou nt of his ' cow, that,umany cows, which have been considered as quite ordinary might by kind and regular . treat: merit, good-and regular, feeding, and proper caro in milking, rank a- inong the nrst rate- ' , k J. P. Cushinz.. of ,Wotertown. , nas several native cows wmcu give s520 quarts a day.v f 'f;'..; , ,f; fcMr, nurtieu, oi uneisea, ownnq a (fim-ll eowjwhiqh gave 2 qurts i i.lily. ,tT,e lloourt Clark cow at , Aiidirt)rvgive 1 1 lbs, of butter , a , wecfcvf; ..i. .,;,' ,,!; ;ii-tit- m POUDKRTTlW Srtlnliatrlvf Iron' for iS1.3( to 1 'f2,W nake;a' soliuM of ponftd " ir. tVo of It-first- treakinrf, ! bt v. i. ....... ..U- j;. J- i 'as m"ch 'water;' as will leave Sujall portion of it undissolved, in order to ensure a strong solution; keep in the prive, a large size gar den watering pot, filled with this solution and use it occasionally once or twice a week, to disin fect the premises which it will do, most effectually. Hy means of a small coach as I call it with four wheels and a tongue, wiib a cross bar at the end of it, and of cheap construction, the materials disinfected, may be conveneicntly saved and transport ed to a repository, preparedly a stratum of earth, the drier, and rich er, the better. Ha which, place tho materials, sprinkling over them, moreofthesolutie"" with tlm 'wa the solutitw" with ij -wast, till th' fingent odor is sed and'istroyed, and it mly the uull, fnint odor of tering poi neutralised retains on1 wettcdclny. Add another stratum of dry earth and so alternating, to a convenient height. . , When the compost has become sufficiently dry, during the process, fas "welt as after ity it should be welt shovel led up, to incorporate the contents, and it is then fit for use. ' From tlit Main Colli v'or. Management or I'astvre Laxd This is a matter cf great . impor tance to the husbandman, and, in deed, may be considered as repos ing at the very foundation ol his success. We do not however, know that any experiments have as yet been made in this region calculated to test the utility of the system we areaottt to recominetw but - we nevmheles feYtttlrtaded th our own mind, that it cannot, if properly and systematically pur sued, be followed by other than the best results. - Every observing cul- turist has doubtless become con vinced that no process for enriching lands is more successful than that of "turning them out lo pasture:'' & that fields thus treated for a series often or fwelvo'years, are thereby, liberally endued with the principles of vegetable . fertility, and rendered competent to produce : as bomu ifully, corn, rye, oats, grass, dtcas when in their virgin state. This, indeed, is the ordinary re sult of the system when thoroughly carriei out, and in short we are not at present aware of a single instance in wliich lands that have .been de pastured for a i series r of years no matter how closely they may have been cropped, have been deteriora ted made worse. On the contrary we can point to several farms on which comparatively - worn and worthless fields, and from which all the skill and industry r of the owner were insufficient to secure a remunerating crop, hare been tho roughly regenerated and restored to their original state of productiveness in tho space of a very few,, years, simply by this plan. , f. ; . ;t , So plenipoteut, indeed,, is the persuasion i of its great utility iu restoring exhausted soils in many parts of cur laud, and those princi pally the most enligtened, that it Is at present almost ' the only remedy applied.' No sooner Jt deed,5 does a soil which' has bea 'exhausted and rendered 'barren by-excessive cropping, .fail to produce a remu nerating crop, than it is ."turned out to pastBre;" and in this condition it js permuted to remain until it has fully re acquired the vegetative or productive - powers' i and energy ot which' it has . been deprived. Thus farrtiost assuredly, the prac lice is judicious. ',:To cultlvate; a field year after, year,' reapirisj there from only vexation and disnn- Eointmeut is a .curse worse jf possi !e than that which tbe gods be stowed on .the .unfortunate but erriiig,Ti5tiu:... Out when front this safe positon we advance anoth er step, and behold the ; good work hus auspiciously and promisingly com-nencod, we find unfortunately nothing, or at most exceedingly lit. fie in its details ro jreCcmtnend.v f i Almost the first act With every nsfriculturlst,' after havinat thus ;re- possesed himself of ( a portion, of vaiunoie sou, isio re-adopt precise ly the same system of management, In cropping, by which it was , or Igiuaily rendered emasculate and vcM.ytUizvn I nf in - Instead, of husbanding jhe vecr- ctolivjo power he has thus attained, he goes, directly to work to disBi iato if. and too often .in, such , s way aria prevent tbo possibility of recfivm aiy important or lasting, tsencfit m return. - Now th process wiJ.woiild 'iiggest,is this:'1 In mosi'parts ofoiircbunrry,4h far mer who possesses a "fliv Farm," and whose habits are those , of industry and economy, can "live." All that to us appears esssentiallv requisite under such circumstances I trt riAmiliin I ha nnnr nrnrn nnt and exhausted fields until " they ' .- m W W uw. , VMT. have thoroughly reacquired their former healthy and vigorous tone, and then, without, the intervention of any emasculating crop whatever,' to sow down to grass. The period for ploughiiiff should be that portion of the vegetable year when vegeta tion is itl its greatest vigor, say from the last of June to the middle of Ju ly, although from experiments re cently made, we should recommend sowing the gross seed the subse quent spring, in preference to sow ing U. in the tall: It trie land is na turally poor and , weak, , and has been pastured but a few seasons, ihe plough should be introduced earlier, and buckwheat,, peas, or come other succulent crop sown to be turned in green. . But in no case should-a- rtpecrop" bei1akenj,nor should the. youtlitul grass be 'fed,'! until it has hud time to radicate properly, if at all. In ploughing, care should also be had that th plough run deep, tnrning up, if . as -.i fc practtcuDie, some oi me suosou in order completely to Inhume whate ver of soluble matter there may ex ist on the surface, as well as to fur nish a proper and congenial bed for the expansion of the nascent roots. Lands managed in this way would doubtless produce bountiful ly for four or five years, when they should .-be. , again seeded, do wnto j'aiWorUTdarjfr is suf ficiently long to crop any soil iu grass unless the inevitable exhausti on occasioned by the maturation of the crop be counteracted by the ap plication of invigorating manures. Long cropping nud closn feeding in the fall and spring, without literal dressing; will infallibly ensure short crops, an inadequate return lor the outlays' of cultivation, and poverty in tho end! Reader! this is tl book farming!1! What think , you on'tJ i Have we presented you n ith a plausible the ory? ( We claim no laurel wreath as a reward for, what we have done, nor do we aspire to be, appellatcl the Cecrops in tliis department of our favorite art: bnt should there be anything in the suggestions herein presented that, appears, reasonable, and in conformity with the . princi ples of that general and universal antilogy from which all rational men reason, of should reason, we hope and trust that it will be candidly uc knowledged and adopted- Howe ver inveterate may be your preju dices, against book fartningf as It Is ignominionsly called, one great and startling truth is clearly' apparent we must either renounce our form er mill-horse ' course . of trudging blindfold through t tho . routine pf those ancient customs and tradition ary Usages which have been so long and fatally perpetuated from lather to son, or renounce our farms! There is no alternative. In oar system of cultivation, wn hve out raged every principle ot natur, and we must now adopt a hew one; not however, immediately and at once. but by degrees, fast, as the architect proceeds in the reparation of a time worn, edifice, rejecting what is worm less and unbound in , its structure and composition, but retaining, and improving,; if possible, thatt which is sound and good, i , - The above plan has been tested and found good, i t ' ' '! IMPROVED OX YOKI3. 1 , ' Ma&sachuuelii Ploughman thui ! describes the rst improved OxYbkc heard of durintf itho last nunarca years,. hi uiu pca brook and found to be of great ad vantage to tne tarroen, j The bows go. through a slide which is fitted to a Tnoruco .in tbe Yoke which is made 3 or 4 tochen loner than the slide, making - it changeable,' or 8 inches, iwhich makes the difference between along and a short Yoke. ' The mortice is made an inch wider at the bottom than the top. a tfrooVe in iho center. half art inch tach side fat the slide to rest upon, an iron bolt nt' each end of the mortice and one in the centre, which goes through , a mor tice in the slide and preserves the : u ' rin,A to reeiilated bv an iron .hasp attached to il and euters liules in the Yoke half an inch opart, which tH'kes it easily fitted to any yoke of cattle from. a long lee iltoft.'andte 'giv tbe advaMage 4o. ffiiicr .ui ;irpii half nn inch to .6 or S. METHOD OF GROWING XARGS WA TER MELONS. ; In the proceedings of the N. Y. Farmers' club we find the follow' nlnn lor (rrnwinir watArmulnnl J" " " - - - " - - - van----. . Make tho hills 2 feet high, G feet in diameter, place a barrel on the top in th f centre of each hill , and fill it with good manure." ' Plant melon ecd all around on the- out side of the barrel.1 Every tn6rti. ing pour a bucket of 'Water into the barrel. When the vines . have grown eight feet' in r length, cover the euds over with soil. , Melons thus cultivated. come to maturity three weeks earlier than when cul tivated iu tho ordinary way, and . .i . T i- . Mf are ireqnenuy grown io woiga vv lbs. each. 1 - . . -v. This plan is, of course, not cal culated for extensive, but far gar den culture, and we doubt not will answer well where one only desires to raise a supply for family u. ' In addition Id tho manure in tbe barrel) w would-apply-a-mixtwre ofagULoL ashes, aii4,jrie-,ame quantity or plaster, to each vine, applying the same ou the earth, at the time of the plants coming up. TO DESTROY WORMS. Old lands, particularly gardens that have been made rich, and have been long under cultivation, abound in worms and insects, that are very destructive to tender plants. Ash es, lime, soot and guano, are good to destroy insects, and they, are all good as manure. : " HON EYH N TOLA NDTT1 f There are some farmers who col lect annually more than 200 barrels of fine honey; each barrel weighing rronr400 to BOO pounds, exclusive of the wax. : . ; t. i , : A tenant it often enabled to pay his rent and taxes, to defray other domestic expenses and often tone cumulate handsome dowries for his daughters, from the proceeds of his honey, . ' . . '.yw.S; V, a , APPLE. ORCHARD.' The N flStatwman anys that Mr. 'Joseph 'Robinson ot Chester: Ohio, has an apple orchard, planted and raised bv himself, covering but two acres 'of land,' Hie' .produce of which' this year is nine nun&red TtushtlM exclusive of a second nick ipg of -inferior quality, , jUr-K. has sold four hundred' bushels for cash down,' at $1,00 per bushel reserv ing five hundred bushels for; a, tu tu re sale. The entire, income this year will not be below $1000, and all at far less labor than is host ow ed upon a small farm. ' : ! It is stated in one of the Ohio papers; that' peaches were produced at the recent Pair of the Columbus Horticultural ;" Society, ' measuring more than a foot in circamfcreuce, and weighing. II cunces. , .,,, , FOOD FO R Mll.CU CO WSl At a . large milk i establishment near Newcastle, England, the cows are fed in the following manner: 91 pounds of clover hay, cut or chopped 1WJ lbs. Drawers grains, 12 lbs. ground flax eed, 2 lbs. salt, are mixed together, and , equally divided as the daily food for' twelve co ws. -' The hay, , after having boen cut, is put into fie masn tun, ana scalded with . boiitig water!,,, jTbe other articles are then mixed with ifcvlt i: stated that a good cow thus fed wiU yield , aq average of fourteen quarts..of milk' per -day, tor eigni momns ' m s succeaaion. Tho owner of the establishment, Mr. Arundale, Bfated that he had one cow which had not had ca calf for two years and a half, that, was giving ad average of . eight quarts that tho cows ticvert fall'cfX io condition. Cu'tiratori. " " . - . . I-, Fat Jnimalt and. Large Crops result alike f torn . abxndaucs ef Proven i Food. The .pronrs ot crops, as well as, cattle, depend mainly upon the return they make for the food and tanour oestowea upon them." The toan who grows a hundred btlshels of corn, of makes a hundred pounds af meat, with the sam- means -and .labour, that nis neighbour exbends to obtaiti ;nity bushels or: finy pounds, has a man- nest advantage; anu f iino wit? ter,,merely Ues, the 'former, if pru: dent, must grow.' ricb. He gains the entire Taluef "of the.extra- fift j bushel Qfifty joqnds..1,sThi3 div patity it Ue profit ofagricuU ual laboaiwaod, expeoditi4ie,vi iOot.a vissionary speculation it is a roa'- ter of fact, which is seen verifiedi in almost every town. We we , one farmer raisn 80 bushels of corn on an acre of land, "villi the same la bour, but with more foresight In keeping his land in good tilth,, and feeding belter his crop, than his neighbour employs Upon an acre, and who does not get 40 or eveu 30 bushels.1 i This difference re sults from the manner of feeding and tending-'the crop;- i ,i , IRONFEXCE. ; . Iron, wire is now tused in trje construction of fences, nnJ the West minister (old.) .aroitonian gives the , following description" of the manner of iu application vto' this purpose: . ' - . ' . - , ... , "The posts are about one bait the ordinary size, planted, firmly at the distance of ten le-t apart, with nine8tands of wire drawn- tigolly through an hall-inch auger hole, and tightly plugged at rach hole: the wire i of the-aiaa-of tliat isedl for. the handle of the Yankee buck et, nud to combine them more firm, wire ufa lighter description is wound through the middle, which prevents (he hogs from separating and creeping throngh. The "whole ex pense of this fence docs not exceed twenty-five cents per. pan net . ol ten feet; and for neatness and dura bility, cannot be surpassed by any thing in timber." Tomatocs make excellent pre serves. " ri ' taTOW'.'"1;''''" I,1IBI Si-BCTfc'J:!aH.-.-.t : Mr. Editor ' I believe it is conceded . that wheat "grown 'in Southern latitudes contains a great; er quantity of gluten, and is, conse quently, superior in quality to that of colder climates. ; The 4 following facts show incontestibly. I , think, that tho South can produce quan tity as well as quality. Mr. Ed ward Lett, one ot our most res. prctable and successful planters, on the first of September, last year, sowed one quart and one tea-spoonful of wheat, which he selected with his own hands, in walking through his fields, from the largest and most forward heads grown the. year be fore. ( Thev were nicked some fif- te-tn' days before the field was cut. From this quart and a tea-spoonful, he gathered three bushels three and a half perks, or more than one hun dred and twenty to one. It was sown on light silicious isoil, lighter than is usually regarded as best for Wheal. ; Will hot the many proofs we have had of the fitness ol bott) our soil and climate stimulate our planters to raise at least enough for ineir own cousum(Hwur " .1 WM. CUNNINGHAM. : ClaDselville. Ala, Oct. 15th, 1847. ' Wo thank Mr. Cumninghah for the above interesting statement, It is tho widest .possible diffusion ot facts of this character, on which wa mainly, rely to arouse the whole farming community to a eon3Cions ress of the immense value of the improvements now placed within thier reach: -The' same " laws of nature which give to one quart o seed-wheat the . power of; yielding one'hnndred dnarts atTthe harvest in Alabama, exist Id equal force in every other' cotton-growing otate. tew are, aware now gre"tiy,tne cuuure oi. mis impiwiaiii jjri , va" hn imnroved.' " Cominrr " from a Cpuntry pf mterate sizeJ whi;h, annually s produces but j a, . irac tion i less . than a million , and a half bushels, ; and from a city - that grinds twenty thousand .bushels of wheat daily.' the Fditor has en- joyed very favorable opportunities for studying tne enimre ena nam re of this crop, i ' We shall dlscnss It fttlength, in all its beatings, from the starting of the plow to tne loa; in the oren; Sont h'. Culliratqr, , CwVEB$xEDf Thcrolsno way of cleaning clover scedj or, wporat Ing h'from the head or chali; bp; by 4 hullinar machine. , It may be, and oftou i is, sown in the chaffi buLno rule -can be given as to the quantity ot send there is in proportion to tho whole bulk . V ' ' Rapid Growth of Pias.' Ex tract of a letter from S. Rhot, EsqV Middlefield. i Mas4- Worcester Taylor of this town, slaughtered pigjuat 10 months old. which weigh ed when dressed, 14 10 Us : several others have (.been, .killwdi which , weighed ver 300. lbs, from 9 to 10 Deftus or Rooff.In liHt sulxoils, the, roofs of 'tree 'hive been found at a dedth of 10 to 12 feet roots of the Canada" thistl have been traoeded 6 or 7 feet 1 !e- low the surface. Wheat; fri a rich mHlow soil, will strike roots 3 feet dowu Wards, and much further hor ' izontally. The roots of oats have been discovered 18 inches from the stem, and the long thread-like roofs of grass, still further; ' The rcots of the onion, bein j white, and easi ly traced In' black soil, have in trenched soil been followed two feet deep. ' The importance of a mel low soil for these fine roots to- pen-! ctrate. is obvious. (:-.' liJ --.: . . m.. . -. . . ; . f . i. . ... . At a late meeting of the Farmers Clubs in S?.otlnnd, ' Mr.'Ilarkness read a communication from Mr. Skilling, of Glansnevin, from which we make the following extracts. We know but few if any of our readers will adopt this system of swtrnirwhOTtseHeedi Yet tins matter cannot fail to inter est them; and would it not be wise to try the experiment on a small scale even fiere in isorth Carolina, say, with a part of the milch cows? If It works well, take deeper" hold; if otherwise, abandon it. ' -f ' '( How does it. happen that the Delgians have kept up In the high est condition an indifferent boil without any such extraneous ma nures as bones or guano, or any o ther importation ol the kind? This thay have done for hundreds' of years, and yet their land" is never . f '-' 2.T-.-,.rst---t:.---!-"-ii! i-.',::-'4 poor orexnausieu, out in ine-nigu-est state of production, i '! The rea son is obvious. There is no witch ery in their management; and if the farmers ol Scotland would rm- y fullow their example, they would find themselves fully recompensed for their pains. If they would deep en their lands, keep more stock; and chiefly house feed them, saying the manure liquid ana sono raise an abundance of crop for soiling ; sum mer end winter food, they would make more from their ' Cattle and . .When I first adopted the house- feeding aystero. my' neighbors langh cp at -, me, ana ' predicted that my cattle, would die; others said the cows would give no mUk; but their predictions were not verified. My cowa had a good appearance,' and when driven to water twice a way, not enough -cows need drink four times a day, at least) they were wild and full of spirit; and when oHicrs were dry, mine were giving 1 have estimated correctly, that a cow fed !n thi house will make 23 tons of liquid manure.' which wwill oe suiucieuv ior an ocre oi" gruunu.1 1 can, on an , avcragr tp w i on every two urui!.n acres, i ne cows also give much' more milk. ? When my present rarro was in fasture, -only 18 cows; eonld bo ept ! in . 'summnr. Now, a by the soilins system, it feeds from 20 to 22 cows, 3 horses,' and from 20 to 40 pigs, all the year round,- and I have as large a portion of grain crops. as most oilier people have on farms to equal extent 52 acres.) ,h . ). No , doubt,' Ihersystcm, -if41l-wrought, will fail. 8ome who try it, will bring their cows into tbe house; they are tied up and perhaps fniudiciouslv confined ket)t filthy no regularly ( curtried a large quantity of some particular kind, of food is put before them, and this - , ' I . ' ' .... - 1 repealed, cioy ;ine3ppouie(na tlie-v animaU.i refuse thoir? food.--They are perhaps neglected in wa ter bynd by. they ail ju milk- get out of condition and the whole experiment is a failuro, from being wrongly conducted. Thoi house itself must be airy, well . yentUated, arid kept perfectly clean. -The 'an imals must' be ! wehVeurried and brushed at least twice a day. ,'I hero ought , to bo one particular . penoq to. superintend and - pay auentioti to tho 'ceding; and one ot the first and most important parts of his duty is, to ascertain tbo appet ite pi ; every beast, i .Cows,, like other .animals, will eat more or less; and they ought tube supplied accordingly as they rcqnire it, being kept rather with nn appetite ' thin otherwise, ,As, soon as the animal has . eaten its lood, all tefuse should be . taken a way, and nothing suffered to remain in the stall before it,,, Should. it seem delicate or carelea in eating, bt the food be at once removed. The fimet of feeding are a's fl great importance, and ought to; be stsictly observed an4 rK,!lalc4, (Tho cattle will know the hour of n S.iai: E 5 O ot j SI . 5. g - "2v a Z S & n s tt D VrBt" "Or! O .2 5 54CT'S'&. o.i 91 8 S, 3" - a. 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The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Dec. 1, 1847, edition 1
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