'J W.MXOTS' ;
in 1 I 1 T' i - iimiiiiin mmni inir t ni-ni 1 if- U , , : ' tltfjuVdJ f-LiL ' H itiam mn 1 T.
ffHf!r-S V .,f ,,,.j,t
Till if LBHAf, Bai'tea'- ttj.
HMiiTO-miinm BAixTiii.KCTVi arTiii acia vaq i4 r 1st aista t owa a? ava 4rrcrioi
!.,!r..''3
tftiavtaca
- ..f If ,l:-
( 1 , , , .,..: n ; i ... . . b -('.' tut jpt 714 1
4
i 3 "1 ; . ft
I-'"- -i. -i 1' 41 . ... . .. I , -. . .1 .. I t ... ......
S ' 5. .... - ... . . . ..... j ,-.. 1 v ... ivi V k , TTTf I HMMS
V feT words Mr; "Editor, 'upon
- - . ' 1
tho urj -ct prtrench ploughing and
t.p.lressi'ig t havedone.V h'W
and
p'.jreSSl'ig v" UBVB'ioim. ' lli m
trjuc.l ploujliiij ill'iv oouem one 11 nas oecome on axiom, uiiu uu (jiicmhni tuimng 111a 111u.11 em
soil, it pioves irijunoiis to" nnothr,, Iniid wfll not bear'contia'd cr-jper'ence"erdsm,,l that whether
unless done by slight gradatioiWa'id'pihg unless it rreeiv a compensa- milk or cr m b the olject, or fi
followed . un vvhli U'rtiliziuj runn-!'ioii for , losses sustained. This'nnl'y the ahamlles, rest it clonn
11 res. 1 ne torest tana 01 rnnce
rioonr,enty for instaiuv, may
bo improved by trench plcmghinp,
nud evei renovatod. . But th lands
in Uiis pirtof the ouotry would
l much .injured unless fertilizing
manures were used in proportion U
- vs qA!tiity of sub-soil brought Hp
In tlio ono cas.) you would bring
up, by devp ' plonghttlgi a' rich
dressing of minorsl manures, and
l th ptSa'birtvnel.jy.desfimte
f any'irrip'ovhar quality r at leasl
" . . n .
1 1 - - r:
iieVu'ralizcJ by the laiger poAidii bf
dht! unproductive matter.
Tljfi only Vay in whkh I hjive
e'er Riiccewled in trench ploughing,
h is beau by thenpplication ol 'nan
ura i'i la re quantities, or by deep
vinny the tiltli gmJoally as the
, air.a .Jt jiiL,necoinea,.encicb!.w,
With regard to tp dressing -x-crpt
m "se where you- wish 4he
mechanijTal effect upon the soil,
now srnsrally allowed to tho roots
of clever, in rendering tlif . soil
more friable and pervious to the
heat mi J air I would prefer using
my I ng mannro in top-dressing to
ploughing iiudiir. lit cases where
y mi have the surface soil washed
oft", mid iho barren clay nt the Sur
fae, it is necessnry, in order to got
chfer ft take to m;ike a soil, which
can be done in no way so cheaply,
nor so quickly, as by the npplicn-
unuer. in an outer cases i preier
tfie top-dresihg The notion that
the strength of the minure U lost
in the escape of the ammonia, when
applied as top-drnssi-ig is, .1 think,
erroneous; at any rats what is lost
in this way is more than, counter
balanced by chemical action , in
the inrinatioii of nitMtes. A stronsr
proof ot ihUvis the dctthat 'wheat
.t straw ; (reqornmendttd ; by your
valuabja 1 correspondent, l'A lear
ner,") wKen spread in thin layers
over 'heat or grass lauds, will pro-
' due the most rfstonishing improve-
1 iuent;"r hnd'lho f.ict thar the smal
lest qo-mtity of long manure,
spread over wheat in winter on
- bare spots, will nor only assist the
wheat, but the grass which follows
it. '
f must here close this long and
1 .hasiil y written tommniicatpu,ind
must ask pardon of you nnd your
numerous renders, for intruding my
., cru li u uions upm them. , 1 cap
p-ily- s iy, that so long as you have
s'ich coiitribntnrs to your paper
the "Iiearner," your correspondent
"X ," tlie Patuxent Ham;r, or al
though lat yet not least th
veri'ble Dutchman tiluiself, yotl
i"("d hsvu no fears for th good
'cause-, ev.n iho an Old Fieldor like
myself, may now and then trepas.i
" upon' you;
RRrit AIMING WON OCT f..VJJD3.i
T the Gd lor fthe .Imertam Farmer.
Sir, Vht . ciui be more inter
esting to a tnaj'nrify of farmers in
thess fegVins oti' rd KhoTfi Than the
" disctwiou of priiidples which
sh-Mild uuirte therd 'iu' tire manage-
" ment bf thoir estates,"' A !rres
pomtfnl of IhcT Main" Cultivator;
iiitndiicedTo yo-ir readers in late
! n'irn'icr of the American Farmer,
recommends depnsturiu worn-out
la.i U a one, of the most certain and
successful methods . of reclaiming
them. ' This h f.ict is the 'plun
p'iirsue l -ery gPiioraUy tii .ci'iiin
trie which lay no particular cluim
, to emi'tencH in agricultural ecoao-
myr and oi farms too large for a
,. livs cuitiviUtou ontinn . insi.
prov d svstto n; at Umst the old fields
- ra allowed to rest and recover
tHemves hy the slow process of
nature among which ilM;ir caj.
bi'ity of forming a rang for cattl
1 is considered a mit'ex of some ar
rotiMt. The aiode I think,- is one
to whieftwesoughi t -report f.oni
; ucs$itr, and not fromchoica e
! o pt iibo a chiico of two evils, one
of whK'h is to My taxes U(ou laud
ipou laiiui
iit'SfSfiJ
winch it fiords little or im ni'efeit.
and lUf other to pay a jtft faighe,
tx..;oit land which riuks'' uonei
rher
.M;V.t JaiK.fhlcJj' riuksiotie5
V V , '! Till j ure. , A f exhausted so 1
V, 1 ,.lH',lJt l)Sr'deH, etienih the'
4l a imuwr s tt. to bo wished by dash,
tnjfMinKyyi ny-,pirti;dly .fe
v etraMf 6y onjjnaryi bUowers,! dotjs
r'a'uiiticaQiiJaMous aasei jaumn
i ui r v.
.llh KOIIIH r,i!rriill.YnflMlili
4 r . i"i irnr mis uimiiic-
,j h-m in uiiu i, ir.iu5o ineie arc Ta -
Irion degrees of impoverishment,
1 . . j a . . r r.i
"d vr are now treatiua" of forlorn,
j iiii"C3.
1 ' . ; . . .
compensation nmy 'oma pamyj
from the'ntmosnhcres whrti buck-
wheat is turned under partly 7rom
below the surface, as when g.ises
nrq ennbied to exiticate themselves
from the subsoil by deep ploughing
partly irom extraneous sources,
as by diluvial deposites, manures,
Scc. The waste-committed by a-
imals is evidently not restored by
their xcremnt, for a very1 Wrgi
amount eousists of carbonic arid
which is m re disposed to ndx
with th i.air Jhano befo-abrbed
by'the eartTr fr
deried iii -the shape of foml. - It
is even objectionable to allow weeds
and other products to decompose
on the surf tee where they grow,
because much, is nce warily lost
b"forn the remainder can bco ne
pnifernble to the former trraiment.
ktrwrienct' proves that a -decided
addition of organic matter accumu
lates, whi h is for the ukhI pari
it positive gain equally distributed
over the ground, whereas by a very
easy c!cul.iion depasturing the
same would uxuibil a coinpantive
loss ol vegetable material, if there
is any to lose upon a poverty-stricken
tract of country. The idea that
the ani nnl restores more thui . it
rccoires, or combines the articles of
food mora advantageously (or the
soil by any functional property of
t.be kidneys or intestine, cannot be
chleriaine-T. 1 4&hWtBgWWfi?
materials of the nam" quality or in
the same quantity must directly
idded in ordr to kerp field in
heart, for this would beat onco to
dery the profitable investment of
money in Agriculture; but tobmiff
n. barren waste into condition is n
very different thing;- 'and demands
a temporary sncrific with' the 'ob
ject of attaining a future and "per
manent recompensa. 1 tncreiore
contend that to turn, cattle up n
such a wilderness for the express
pii-pose of reclaiming it, and, to
riy exclusively upon its mengre
contents, is but a sorry experiment,
and would benefit neither party.
an a horse gather muscle from
cedar buhes, or a cow extract but
ter from stunted fox-tailj Very
little, I trow. The argument how-
eyer. is intended id "pp'y. to limited
operations in civilized comtiinnities,
bcc'Uid tuero is tnucn reason to
believe th t in tfie world-wide sr
rangeuients 6f Providence, animafs
and yeget abl cs m u t u al I y s ist each
other, and , that '. they will continue
to iucieaseand mubipty jn equiva
lent porportions until the present
order of things is.interrupte(f,by
some violent pn vsic U ctiange, y luvli
is not very probab e at tins ' period
of the Garth's history ; ' " '
' O!servtion tenches practical
mnn fo distinguish between'mnges
0 i which hii!hly'fedauimal8 brouse.
and others irodde'i down by, half
starved cattle which nibble off the
last klada of wild-grass or worthless
flajr, ironxirant of ny thimf elselo
hcp life within them. Ve will
snppose a lot to bo entirely incapiw
Wo Df-itmrtiieriii.: tha owher . by
reason nf. having lostbthe saltses
scntiiil in the formation of any seed
whatever. He has fut horses in -his1
stable, and nt convenient seasons
helntnsthem loose? in bis field to
exercise themselves and to Mkc
fresh ate;'' He does not expect them
to derive any benefit fro u the pns
fure," but th.e pasture to profit, at
their expense. In the course of ten
years or less, this field has grad
ually recovered the elements which
it wanted. IJut can this be consid
ered good - husb uidry, - when the
saam etbyt might havo beert pro
41ucef in half aday by the direct
application of mmeral manure? -
Is time of no value? - Can the out
lay of a few dollars be an otjedion lions of trs may have lived and
under tfiei eirouinstahrVs presentJ?jdied thcrf, the earliest of 'Which by
ti ii is, ici me man mu me neiu at
once lr wht It vPift fetcrt'or give1
ft away, if he cannot find', a' pur
chaser. He will gain by the loss,
h is now otuiiiiciy .sciuci, inai
soiling cattle is the niost economi
cal mode J.o( feeding. , them. I on f,a
small compact farm,, and that to
furn them out is only admissible
pn.f Xtwisiva ranges and at certain
fe-wioiisi rf the yeui KveK under
lhthrst ru'e, wliei targe con vet
llAlllfUnna. oui.LwI Crw AiAlll
- ninf oilier purposes, h mny no u-
, rantajeous occasionally io vary
thU monotonous life by Howhij
.1 1.:. - .ti .
lUem a biie within a stubble en-
ivi"iuibi 'i - tiaiiwrv mn tucio in
1 . ..rf- ..... ... ,
wen vemiiaiea t ails is preterapie
to excrciae ii th open nir. And
yef I doubt whether the frce of
habit, the npparniit etirenieice of
pasture, una man's instinctive love
oMiberty in his own person, will
permit hiin to yield his antiquated
notions tii modern suggestions on
tha subject. Few oerhans.will fob-
joet to pay a hiaher la for the lux
uries than the, necessaries of life,
and if it is a . source of sutisfaeiion
to "t'irt lovers of the rom.ititic to
ttiduljfo. their, fmcy, ,and to asso
ciata ""tjfrttla roatntng thhtugluxu-'
riant meadows, witli the other agre
mens of a country residence, so
mote it he; but firming is business,
and should be studied in its sober
reality.
J he commons around some large
cities present a green healthy ap-l"f
peorniice, anuongu coverea who
mucli cows, most o which return
at ntijlit to their homes, and in pay
ment ot milk receive slops or some
nutritious food to sleep upon, and
a good breakfast lo rumituite upon
during the day. Could such ran
gers be otherwise than exuberant?
(Jan the sheep-walks over the South
downs oi England be cited as ex
amples to the ennf rnry? The ob
servant traveber will not fail to
mark the broad acres of turnips,
snga-beets, and field peas, ia the
highest state nt perfection along
the valleys and water coursis of
TfafWjishir
shiro. ,Tho shof P are consequent
ly well supplied during tho winter
with the elements favourable to the
growth of thyme and other redolent
herbs which give distinction and
davour to Southdown mutton.' If
the milch eoan1 of Holland never
left the dvkeboui.d marshes assian
ed them, and nevef consumed arjy
thing . put 'what they could find
therein,' and said fids received bo'
additj'ui by irrfgatii'ii, or otherwise,
except from the dropping of, the
cows and tho atmosphere, J doubt
whether . good cheese . could ibe
manufactured . for any' length of
time. The Netherlands are more
densely populated in proortion' to
their size than any other part of
Europe, except perhaps the bmks
of tha Po and its tributaries; the
nir may be supposed to contain
mucF 'animal 'atld ',wgefatf5?,,ma'C"
ter in the shape of elfin via, aid the
ground would be naturally porons
from thij peculiar charncter. of its
ingredients and the fogs which
brood over tho whole province.-
Thesn considerations, render the
case a possible one, but we should
hVitatQ to adopt any system based
upon snch instances, .where" the
same considerations are not appli
cable.' '::.. .'.;.,, ..;. i-ii; i-, f
In our ordinary method of farm
ing may we not expect too rhurh
from the atmosphere? It is pretend
ed that the produce of bttont lands
and the forest, in their1 natural state,
demonstrates the, inexhaustible
quantity of carbon over our heads
Let us nt be too sanguine, or we
may commit aiiefror, m . proctico.
The hardiest trees would not reach
iheir full proportions, , much t less
our garden yegetablea, nolens n fair
amount . of nutriment bn afforded
them through tiw roots The very
fact that such trees are generally
indigenous,5 warrants ns in belicvi
log ihnt something besides the air
causes them to grow with a' good
will. Prairies and m-adows are
indebted in no smtll degree to the
ascent 6f. grass derived from' the
gradual decomposition of vegetable
mittter as far bchiw the surlace as
the oxvsen dissolved in rain will
rwiiutrtibv In ourj Western forests,
perhaps for centuries, leaves ha
! fallen and animals rotted ihrough-
tout their extent sevrral genera
hb means corresponded with their
successors in quality, if in quantity.
Pertain," wild, plants- tjluch' can
Varcely lie the criterion of a . oiI j
may manoae to ..vegetate', on bare
rocks, or arwl and, fort m-wy; of
the interior species will subsist up-,
on carbonic i'l(dissovcd in sapour
of water; their incineration Jeavitig
merely ajrnce of t he mineral jngre;
dieiits OS'ialfyMcmndef by ' more
r fined classes. Yet it i said that
in Hungary th same crops "have
bctn grown "npon the -Same - spt
from time iiutnmoril, without any
.tunpJfnU.ojrui.mnnilrpJ, ljlt
- :i J .u ...1 .u: :.. .
a wild youth who thrivrs in spite
orbisrecentricities and dissipaieu
habitt, the example i a dnngero'is
one to be paritdi-u broro us'witli
out an explanation of the reasons
which make an exception to gene
ral rules. The dwellers on the
banks of the Lwer Nile and Gan
ges, need not despair of continued
blessings as long as population
keeps pace with vegetation in the
Upper Country. There .cn be no
kind of difficultly in , accounting
for nitrojenizod mud descending
from higher eminence than the
Alps, i( tM strata composing ihein
bo of sccohdary or tertiary forma
tion. A , distinguished author says,
1 Cocoa nnts, brtmd fruit, and oth
ct trrmical productions, are rich in
puou oy manr , l ncy do not how
ever grow on indifferent il, bnt
iu sw-imps or evergla les, and often
amid volcanic debris of which , iii
trogenis one of the constituents.
It nppcirs from the general tenor
the in-ticl in the Cultivator tha
the comiarative value ol inhumiua
green crops is fully recognized, but
the valuo of the solid and liquid
excrements of cattle are certainly
overrated. As sure as that 'n th
ing can come from nothing," so
surely from poorly fed animals
nnilumr but po manures ' will he
collected.-, Unless Mie mineral ele.
ments entering iuto,."heir compo
sition .are freely given tfcnn, they
refuse to stirrenJer what Uuy have
alrdy appropriated, so thai the
urinoof a cow fed upon the w retri
ed herhae of .worn out land hav.
but Utile to recommend it: whereas
ttiai WjxwXi sriiided?yaiiot?iet
fed upon corn protlu r strong foo"
is almost worth as much as the
milk of the former. The Buffalo
graspo.tho Coteati de Prairies
presents a remarkable instance of
the fertilizing effucis of animal in
tinencea.y Immense herds of bufft
loes. annually migrate northward,
or di4" mi grata "vheii I was in the
far West twelve years ngo. They
leave their southern winter quar
tor in good Condition, which, by hii
instinctive adaptation of their wants
to' th. season of.the year, and the
fiUteoftha pastures, tltey 'invaria
ly Kiituin: and I may here remark;
en pa$savl, that a very great phys
ical resetuhloncH exists between the
ro'ling uph'tds f this vast range
and the 'JSouthdowns of England,
with which I am well acquainted,
from hnvlnif been, 'raised on theft
trders. now ,vmirywifjrfv,triil
rlapso before the resemblance may
becrn heigh'eiifd Viv .tr,eM f
black-legged sheop wintering along
(he binks ol the lower Alisa iuri,
and extending their summer pere
grinations as far as Pembina and
tha British settlements?. Sheep,
it would seem, can only be profit
bly raised for their wool as a ta
pie eotnmodity in localities which
are marked by nature as favorable;
and this is one, both nsr i resjcrs
sou ana annuo. ins jvienno
sheep in Spain crop the herbage
closely; as they proceed, and appear
to devastate the pountry, put. more
is probably left on each particular
spoi iney visii man - m .
U abtractod;
at least more valuablo materials
for enrichimr the soil, since as they
roll onward they ijarry with ithem
any acquired superfltiity of the el
ments most wanted in the direction
ther r taking thus tactin?' a
carriers to tho vegetable kingdom
of comparatively high and low lat
itudes,' and alternately benefiting
both descriptions o'pastura,'.4bjr a
happy ndiiiixlure .or interchange of
the organic and inorganic, co-istit-uenu
of humus. .The falty mntier
for "instance, which they haveekb-J
orated from succulent anebrokes.
and quasj-tropical-shrubs fragrant
wjth ye get aWe oilst is' grhdually
worked off and exchanged for mns-!
cle from Ihe "seeds and ' tissue! of
hardier plants.' Vie have hi ar.d of
a large hhlf-famishe'l field set 'in
oats leing entirely renovated from
Deiiig aepasturea oy Qfove pi sev
eral hundred fat hogs; their drop
pings I verily peleye we're of, nioe
value to the owner of thti fofc 'than
thfe crop which they devouhdj'aod
. . . 1 1. . .rtn n C n ! n
in tills tuuoi"i ure yi "V-
casional mpid cure in cases of long
standiuz dtbility, nod ol slower re
covery by aslower application , of
tlio'sama remedial seiit,! T;;
It is pcrnaps as yrong io nw out
indueenicnts . ndr brilliant expwj-,
teiions in lai ruing, wlikh cn Kl-
dom be realized, as to discourage :a
laudable ambition by prcSehtmg
unusual disappointments and dim
culties. , But it must be coujfess -d
that every ocrupalion or , busjupsn
oflifa bleu '. UsrU.'aod.inta,m
melbd by restrictions, political-'oi.
social, will naturally fall within thf
seopo of general laws . regnlatiftg
labotir and capita'; It i tiiereforl
fair to infer, th t tho rate of! inter
est npon farming investments 'will
correspond wfth that ot capital df
rected to other ventures. If one
talent will produce oite talent, three
may be etpected to produce, niuc
arlieireuuirafMf, the extent of
pngression beings liiuilcd by !hc
ability of any one household .jtn
sup'iiniend large ostuHthnieujs e,f.,
fectually v But .wluit .jji tva ..pre
eminence to this' busirt, is. tin)
Compsraiivo1 hiuVnoude4ic ; w1iih
it offers' no small nd vantage in
in Ulistration oi this view I would
remind the reader, that a plant is
known tr grow in a ratio propor
tional to the surface wli.lch' it pre
sents to the world around it, in oth
er words, proportional to its capac
ity of absorHing food ; just ro is it
with the remunerating qualities, of
a farjth . The nioru.hadawft em,.,
ploy , within rcrtnonfihie ullowatice,
and lh inore money we judicious
ly expend in Improveonnts, wi'l
I the rate of actual profits' and W
crease ot substantial romrorts; as
on the other hand: indolence, over
cropping, . and. a faiKO rconomy,
will assuredly bnnz in their tram
stunted bpc ;atid acctuiiijtiaing
disasters ; ;f',,.""'.' , 'VM ',.";;"
ii nas necn my poucy, as an u.nsr
hsli landholder, to have bug aU
oratcd from a sense of justice and
fwtK7irn ro-mo gnemniTar man
to an-j other interest. I hava ven
tntvd t6Mctt that in these United
States far.,rra iare no dispoition
to ask . any -ivilegcs' which they
would deny to hcrs. or in A,flnn'w. 1
of public opinio... mu.r ' C,vri'
wlvch thcycouH notv-; lrt k;
tain for sny length of timv ' flrautJ
mg that the COustUuttou ?at.iont. j
such enpecfations, luswj, wpulu
merchan's and mechanics of Mary .
add ferl, tl the agricultural , pop.
u I ut ion should petiiiou the-legislature
for c"6rn.lws in 'Order tin
' nall jhoni to rrpair their dam
jged estates at ibeXxtnm of their
fellow citizens; short Id they in fact
demand a direct tax to be levied
for i their especial, benefit) Willi
the natural advantage of proximity
to the sea-board and ,nu Improving
market, our planters are fucoumg ,
m aerr"Thtr'xto renewed -vtimts
With fairer chances ihuT of late
years; and a1ileroiysteni.of com.
moii education will give their chil
dren the requisite qualifications io
cnsnre.'succ'ss in say pwtsuit, by
studying its details in nftcr-life tin
der tx-tter mispic.es. It. a. yi.
Washington Co.; D. C! ; ' 1
' .i f- " ' ' " ' ,
. THE i above " fitrure represents
Gatling's Wheat Drilling Machine,
wtifrti ns 'reearrts strnrMicittr''. and
effect, has no equal in' !''i country
It performs the trlpnlo workofdrjlb
ng.rIhj,n4 covering, by the
same, hiovemeni; .thereby -savinjr
much time and labor to the farmer,
Ui - will - uo 4oubt be, thoineaiia-iof-
entirely changing the mode of seed-
tuff wheat in thts eountryias its
economy of grain, ground and time,
wilt every where recommend it in
place' A the f broadcast syslern.
'lTiis 'machine lias Ven Jri the? two
s!asnYis;'and whf rever 1 'has, Ipeep
int rodnced, has given 'nf Ire, "atiV
faeiioti. It Is cheap mod., simple in
its const'nictiou, 'easy, to be man
aged, not btirlhciisorno, to the hand
orsTiorse. . performs .tho , work - for
which intended . in a much better
manner than any, other -way fcnd
with far greater despatch- We an
nex ine certificate u hich' is- the
subttanee Of about twenty ottiorst
in 'ortr possesiion;1 Our. .price Is!
-Ri SINCLAIR,. Jr.'lt
y , COIJht.RfJ naltimora.
4 is-i
i- ' CKBTiKIC;A-rB. ,
Canal Dorcr, Ohio, Ai, 2S, 1816,
" 1 .Tr, GuUiugDear Sir: Hav
ing.used, yon r patent Whea Drill
In puttifijin part of myWheoteron
last fall, I am so well pleased with
the' result ' tliat 1 have determined
to ptit in my entire crop, this fall;
in thattway, The tuJ vantages ofl
drill pverth omtxl mod, by broad
cast, are decidedly in favor , thai
tornie. There is n saving in fttnc
and scod, and the wheat is put in
more even at a proper 'depth,' and
isasMjieovered with ! earth,' Tha
p(roF,-ifokovcrf i less 1iaWr'to
, those diseases to which it is snlv
jct ahouti.be tiuiq of iipeningTry"t
uust, c.caji,,Oi-c in snort I robk
nron i( as on of the ' tjrcaU'St im;
prevements iu jho cuttire of 'wheat
in modern iBnos, and I am well sat
isfied that all that is rpririired to
mirodnce the machine inro'jjftierl
use aniong- the grain' roving ' far
meis, 'is rtfinnr,iiriprejndiecd
trial.-' - Yours ResprcMallr, ' i
1 JOSIU'll M.INGLUFF.
Reasonsor and Jdcwfages of
T)r,f Follier"! Mts f"'Of' bur
mouern.. iiiiprovcmerits, the tnt ro
il uction of j r (f I htnbintlH ImS
generally, bepni allowed io be' thti
importnit," Com. Il.ard of
Ax iruitui'e, Vol., 4, pi' 150 (J
"TIW editor.: tf, tho Amerfrnir
Wu-rrVc-Wtluiv
over and river gainrecoinnieiHbvl
that wheat should bo sown in drills;
for oni gets a" better crop, and it1 is
not so liable to rnst. c tmvo u-su-illy
rtcbmiiicndcd that the drills
shotifd . b from 10 twcl YeTtich
va. writer in mo tvostern Farmer
aiidi3ar4oucr''mark9y that ''ma
ny experiments have teen nuidtf ijt
Pennsylvania,- and other' sections of
tho country, as ir tho relative nd-
Tmnages, oi -piftiutng twneat In
drills, and sowing broad ;tastt and
ilT every'; Instance ' Hie fesltlrliaa
beciS in favor of tho drill 'fiom . five
inlcrf-.l biichiilW ntt ' tr
$omri'pj.h4itrensart.s .for drilling
whean he srpd is' def qs-
i.u ,wu i grcai, regular ty. ana at a
ptppef, Uj Thiflbatty1 Cut-;
t.ivat!'-iav.f whotit'lifa SWcr sets'
awjwc-wwey imt im surracff; If
the distance, from tha" seed 'to ' tho'
iiuiii ;ili Xri.li Id iliu
i great ..ihpVohqecilnrf 1
i the roots will hot'
stifiaceba ton
stem between
strongtnoogh for'uif vior.of tne'1
plants, -jr the seed is 'too shallow:
thbH8 icWefl foiits are r.Avdcd
too1 much together; i tiid? tlV splice
front', which they rcceivo ' iimtrisfi.1
incht is-diriiMimiiet);1
;, 2d.. Wbei deposited, tt 'M cnvMd
and' kept froov i hq birds,; jSfrs.,Mff fs!
""unaied generally, thHt' at Ibnst,
one,v.k ofsd to tfie'acreWlosf
'.wd cast tistth" '
kill.' "The wo wr.?li,vi:.i
unco oiuii -vi mo t .in ii
Bro iiiiim'iu uiiwii
-w...'.t.lA ".l"
the fros,
ith tho 1
, and tufts' cpf i.
yo.tY.pl!,l4.&Q
iiiciii iiuni ui'iuk uiruwii t
reezbic; "and thawing, by w?t
more-'heat is :iof t in 4 hrt Uii ifW
Slates than ...bit,, all ?0'j: r : causes
.conibiiied." Geuest 1 armer," and
Farms a Cyclopedl;(. ' ;' ;J ' '
-4lh .Tho roots b tng'rTee)f"h'""is
manifestly not so liahle (6 injury by'
lh"droirth; I "T uA't"r 1
' nt!t 'lt r tnt HaWe'tor rtist,'
says Ellawprth'sRcnoltV :i1
6th, ' It I s,. r.pi . so llahfe'iri Wgei '
int w lieat docs not lodge tiyrea
son of its weight, was i proved by' tv'f'
wholp crop last hntvest, arid pitic
ularly by f thanjcasurud aero, tho
ears of wliich, thotuffc prodigiously
laage and heavy,wero none of them
lodged on ,tha - ground." Jethro
Tuii,p.2S8 !;;;V'.."'a;y
ifdil llyihte admission of the, suri
and air b'tw.ein tho riws," says tin
same Writer. a stronger' and health
ier plant is prducodand.bf course
hearf s or bpw;cf 'of a bfanthich,'
Pcrfbrin tho'satno nfllco to S3p i' that
i la liijri ki 9to'Jb5tHt,7The'jptj rf
fy and cTeause jC,, iMV.'Pain shows
that , pirvill pas iiVal'tho' leaves
aii(t4i4ttbrogb the plant at - the
roots-r-bnt water will, not , pass In
i thp loiVe.-"r And, I) the leaves
have no air, the plant will die; but
if tho leaves have air, though the
root remain in water fin racnol tlie
plant "Will live and grotf., , ;,
l ins is mo reason," says tup
fart$fypq7
tiotif of tho filUV;rosr,pxp6scd Io J
ipe wiu'j , Br ni vrjiyst o inp most
(uxutiouaj gtowibj, atidvhy. tryiiiy
skilfii. farruw diJl thciij. wheat,' sq
that . most j prevalent; jvind, may
blov along tba.twv;8'4; Jiot 'across
them; and why"Vros prospjjr bettor
in ,'moaeraterfetwfvuyJ weatner,
marr- Li wiTO - j t
1 ' Stn. lif criiim he , tarmr.r ... is
Enabled to have"; heavy , crops oniw
"jhat fifty-six bushels lo lio acrd
.f TAefi tr
.Vin.-irjeconomif-j.
?fl1!bimr'of- Lord Macartny
Ktwbasty to Chibh; calcu'ated that
trii saving of scuUlope ia Cliina,
6-2 "?r s
,53 S C
. o i. 1 ST-
a. m
-5
O 3. a " li
a --i jit a
" Ifa fcf51t-,Ts U
- ' - ,' c
$f3 f fits
Cm SE.'
- C tr o
S , m V !tU J tea
fr ! a ....... W ft fi
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fXLtMt
. ..!
mi mi T -t
.B'ib'l'B.'-"aj. rf
ri fc?a wtrS"."! J3 s .
nldH'rS'-g-5 .
it g-ASifr rS-15-:w-i'''i.
5 P-llmX-fr H&Z '
it ti-Misk jctnwi
f. a A T-
a. f jr- iv 3,
g jet J7!iaTJ
o . k av,4 c
3Hr'S&.-.S- 'S
S 'Lis S" : nr.
3 " 6 '" k '
I w
i , 4 a 3 ? r
a.". crC. ft 5 c
i- rr 0 X C
at S sTovf-
P. 2 P2.:. 2,-
... n si W - "
a. 1
erf '!
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u
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3
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aw I'D
415 9
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