wmmm
aaTlv
. , .. ...... . t: ;.--.t -" '
... TIIOS. J. LEM.AY, Editor aad rropnetor.j
40
mm
MMMMMWqjl1MtMjMBaawasasassasssssaMass
BOOTS A1TD SHOES.
HKiVliY I'Orf IKK
WOULD retpeet
fuHy announce to
his friends "and ibe
Public, that be hat
j a I teoaived hit
Spring and Summer
Stack of , . .
Boots. Shoe. Ladle and ChlMreaV
Slippers, etc., .
ofth lateat and moat approved etjlee. and
aakaa'eall frmii alt detiroua of porceasing ei
ther a beaatilully. 8n or durable article, aa he
feel satisfied thai ha la prepares wnaai large
and arell aeleeied Sioek to plea lha la of
every one. Among hit supply, are some mar
article, viz: the Polo Alia Slipper, bronse and
aid; tna i;ongress Ualler, a splendid article
light whole and half Gaiier, the Polka Slipper,
and a number ol other cr.olo kind Tor ih L.'
diet. -' -" : ' ''
A noat extensive' and varied - assortment of
Mime and Childreo't Gtllera and Slipper,
;Th Genttetnea, toot will fiad verv rariety
ol article Tor "heir wear, but aa wa preaum
they wl . call and tea for themtelre. it It
needle to tay mora to them. -.
JHanafaclariBa;.
fMIE Subacriber has a largo and full
. , 1 supply of Material for manufacturing,
.MiAJMnagjalae). a lot oi ; t.aja, pr tha. Isteriand
mott approved ualilon. be I prepared to exa
.cutain nrirawaiv!e,.aoi aori of aa article
that hit cuttoruere mat want.
He haa alto, for the trade, a large aaeortroeiit
of MATEKHLS for manufacturing, aueh at
apper Leather, of -all kinda. Sole Leather,
Thread. Laata, tf-e. which he will sail low
Thankful for paat favors, he motieepectfui-
Jy aka a coounuance. '
. . HENRY PORTER.
April U, 1 318. . .. 16 4b
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
The Stamp of the Wew on the Old
.... World. . :
The vsrious transaction which oecor. either
trr hwtilt' ofWa'-sreifea
Vv.tiia;..sMBa...frd
eeived the sanction of - lime r enf afted open
new inotitotKMia, and with a dilierem . aam
. and aa altered perpos the ' deed of forner
period are, entwined with the act of ton preaeqt.
The revolution in America achieving it indepen
dence, impressed the world wilb lie brilliant ef
fict all w re astonisued at the perseverance, yet
Ibe u'ifliacbing courage the patient endurance,
yet oncotn promising patriotism which displsyad
itself throughout lha contest, no angle effort anr
ked il, but K-peauddiscixirsgement, anl againat
overwhelming odda waaaa an laceotiva to aucce
' which hsa coinmsnded the admiration of ih
world. France ' on thelnsUbr barsl her fetters,
but anprepewd '(or the grand change, the people
run wild in their idea of litw-rty,. and anarchy
supplied the place ef lef and older Half a en-
. lury ha taught anotbee lesaua and a different
generation from their forrfsthera wiih dearly pur-
;"chsed experience, have nulled down the throne
' wher oppression reigned triumphant, i hd have
again essayed with moderation to vol?e the prob
lem of governing themseives, and who can duebt,
,wiih tbs pnssesiion of knowledge and intelligence,
Ibe glorious result .,, SYLYBVPEK virws these
ptssinc events with th ; liveliest . ymialby and
most heartfelt ealisfactiou. He in eonvnon with
all is desireis of aiding the regenera too of his
rsee. and it will be don through th- ssme agency
a b hsa a long eontiaoed le effect to mack
benefit, the dwseaunation of -PHIZES whereby
all are enabled io oontribote largely to any enter
prie they may desire, : He has been signally '
ceufut in the prosecution of bis plan. 4 farge
amount nf fund have barn distributed ihrtushunt
the Union -ir the ploneet montba of the y ear. j
SPLENDID SCHEME
30,146 6o , i
10 PHIZES OF f6,00n!!
10 Prize of $3,000 each
80 prize of g UOOO each
80 pricis ftt 7VC U prises ol 400
. Ib5 Prizes of $250 Each!!!
65 ol 125 65 of 75
&e. its., -4 Sic. .
Ticket ilO Share in nronortioa.-
A Certifieateola Paskge.ir S8 I'iskets aillb
seei rori.w snare m :f"rornoa
VIHGINIA aTATE LOTTKKYClat 80 far
I MS. to he drava at a leanitrie, II. C 1 M 84
. ardav, ihe fMhof May 1S4 T5 aurober IJ
SPLENDID SCHEME. '
835,rooi 14)00!
I ol 7.000 ' v i of 5,000
" 1 pf 4.O00 . 1 f s,ro.
10 Prize of 2000
25 PtiiasoftlOOO eexhl
.25 of 600 each. .
220 Priiet. of 200 each
- 124 Prizes oft 100 each
. 1S4 of SO dollar 184 ol 60 doflsra
248 of 40 di are
Ticket $10 Sbarea in proportioo. "
A Ceriificale of a Package of 25
Tickets will ba sent for $130 Shares
proportion.
NEW JERSEY STATE LOTTERY.
Class 44, for 1848 lo he drawn at Jersey"
City, (Nf. J.) n Wednesday the Sltt
' May l&t 75' Numbera l3 Drawn
Ballols.
GRAND SCHEME.
. $40,0001
$20,000 $10,000
I ol 6.000- 1 of 5.000
1 of 4.000 , . , 1 of 3,355
20 Prizes of $1 000 each!
90 of S00 SOsfiOO
20 of $300 -jach
I99nr$i0 MoTflM
M. tr$ 194 nf 40
die. eV. dtC.
Tickets 10 Dollars.
A certificate of a Package of 25
Tickets will be s-nt for 9 ISO Shares
ta .prApofttoa
"WIWWKaPWWwsw :
- ODD FELI0W8HIP.
There hae from time tr time anpeared
what Is called by their author Eznogiri ns
of Odd Fellow ship, but the most correct
eipsition which we bare yt met with is
the following-, which we extract ', from a
address delivers I by 4 member of ihe"orle
in high etindwir, P O. M. Alice," of
Washington CilT. I may be relied up
on as a trot ei,iosure or the sytiern of
Udi r'etlnwvlno
The Iarlepemlent Order of Odd Fellow
was first orean zed in this country at Bl
tlmore.tin' 1819. " lie tiesifit -practical
benevolence. - I be raemnaro nr the friterriK
ty individually pledge themsel.tes to sssitl
brother In distress. Inert is no oblige
tion. eipress or im pried, erietinr among
them to trade ezcluaieely with one an
other in preference to their fellow eitisent
generally bat etch one is ferfertly a lib.
erty to deal in the manner and with the
person best suited, In his opinion, to pro
mote his private interesis.
- 'Nor is there th'v sligh.est restrict iore fnv
posed on his political freedom. .No party
is terognized by the Lodge, nor is any dis
cussion -permitted, under anyrircumsttn
cea, which involves politics, ( in s partisan
sense: nor do the obligations of Odd Fel-
evl.VB-rTER.ew aaMa- b HEMES for owihip wolln(1 lhe mo,t nive con
MAY, unsurpassed in bnlhaooy as Uisv will ba n.; i Thm mIiV!.... I. k..,. .u.
f..rtuiiata in .h.ir Mult. ,Ha MKjoesU order, to b fs? ' f ft - .T 7 ? 1
ii win-,-. ... j7'(tti;iicj in; principle
of the association. '''''' (
To become ' arfOdd Fellow, the f.tlio
forwariM early, and lo ba camful lo addrea
a. J lbTDSIbH, ,
,' ' i ' " 41 fatlS'eaet wew-York;
vini:ivn rtiti iniivuv nt...
forlliR.. ta bi)raB.s AlsaanCria,-( l C J.
oanturdsT lb fla ,uf ,M J ttl. ys.Num
ben 19 Drawn Uallut
: , IAGNlFrCENT SCHEME.
' O D..rs nAiiii m- !
.T j " l"i?"l,JpilVUi. .. ,
2 prizea-of $7,O0Q, 2 pnzea or$5,Q0Ql
Prizea of $3,226 l-aaeh V
, . J0,,Prizof;SIO0,eachl",
, , , 10 of t "chit 1
tl of 000 dollar 30 M 300 dollsr
' 140 of2oonr
' 63 Prizes of S 100 each. "
M ..140''' -"' ." r"m ol 30
" ' Aow-'' ' 'u ''Ac.
. ' - - - .TSslteni 10 dolrars. t- .--5
A CcniAeate of a Pssfcsgr of S TUksl will ba
, smiI lor gl.K hsre is
Inf
f
ipg qtialihcanons are , indipenihle a
belief in one Supreme Being, the Uoverp v
6r ' and Presenrer of thr Univrr a fair
moral character, the legal age' of majority,
and some known repntahle means of sop.
port. Anynts "thus qualified, can apply
for membership. His petition is referred
to a. Committee whose- iouty it ta to ' saeer-
lain Whether thete tbings be so, snd re
port (there0n Tfia candidate ; i ballotted
frar. and if the ittue be favorable, be is in
itiated. The mode tr initiation cannoibe
sef forto it) a pabtie address','. beesnte ths
irijtfnetien of cre'eyi' has never been ' re
moved ' This is not prohibited, how
ever, or ' aceffuht of -any mvstsry that
need fear ftie light.'-1 ' TbaW have ' beetf
orcouriHiB. , , i
i ir.Ksr.Y arAiK im ri F.Kr, cist s. preTmried ejvoturtrof these secrets publish
ing io br draws at Jeriev Clv- fM. J 1 aa -A -T .a? v'rv,,L.a i. .
as i ' a . - v - j ' an ui ia n vriiii 'i nri nci uir a sarra aasiet
ilWrTTWar"? -ithentiiJhrirtitiov;! h.v never cared t
G HAND SCll F.1VIE. " ' I ascertain by actual' perusal.' If; they be
..e.i.
$:W,000! ;
$15,000!.
1 v I Of 8,000; dollar.'' a of,5,000rJo1laFs'.
" ' 20 Prizes ofl,000 '
9nf.V4cea lit Rnrt -:'
', 99 prizes of 200 ! 11
' 65 of 80
20 Pt izet bf90(1
65 prizes 'of o6
63 -of- oo '; r
Tkkeu $10 -Share In pmpoHioa.' 1
, 3 A Coft.ie el a fkcksn of rkket NT be
. sent lr ft 10 asre la proiMnusH.
BUJl
; ,. ' lot 7.000, . of .I0
; f. tm- .'t. bf '203 dollars. ' ' 1
1 ' " : 30 Prtzet 4f $r,000 each I
' 0f 50IJ i 40 of 3TX) ;
' ' 3r Prizes of $200 each If ' '
14 at lie) !; '.' s tiaHL''l
I
all- tr?JiatJ
w Titkols ,ll--iha wmwImSW-i -nv-
A,j;.rfl-"as a PsskHtoi M fickeia trill a
s3 tAt -JfRWJW KV STATR W rTCRT, plate 40, e
I'wimraj. ,1M HUH JMST ISSS. BUI
II i.mnwmnnw. IBM
U trth of aty IM r mber-.1
fahe'." they will of course fnmif to ntughij
if they be iruno detriment "tsn ensue o
the Order fr not a single ftehtence in out
ritual wnulrf dishonor the lougveof a tntn,
or offend Ihe? ear of k wntnan. f ' ' " '
' There are In kit, fnurteeri degrees In the
OreV.'Tbey'ara; conferred by cerra n
cefemrinies instfurtfvi aiid pleasing,' 1m
presSiva and 'auhlirae. "The caodidste
' T "J "J .wrysmimt lv
prove r creant to his nledf e of honor, his
0Wn w,.n! f Pociple will eyentually bring
pon his head sppaoprtate relrihulinn.
Bhou'dsuch t msntvnwed his social perjury
in prim, he?oulf rlk hd ptnie into ihe
Oetr Nrt aslnglemember of ine frs
emit J wouU mMest VA eonttir'uilonaf
right of speei'hibuj hi Would be irovrea
to remain where b had placed liimsrlf,
before the tribanar of public oplnioo, whose
d-creei tan' inflict a fiviiig torture,' larder;
lo be borne than ari puniamhrnt at thei
hinds of a betrayed brotherhood. .1 have;
ssid we are ' bound by a' pledge oT honor
to4 assiat a diflressed brother. 'By a dis
tressed., brother we mesa strictly a mem-
fcer af our society who is aick and , desii
lute ;. To enable nurselvee p omptly and
erootently to extend this sitl, wa each pay
iniQtne general lund weekly 'duet," ma.
I 4 . A a t'
amg .in ma aggregate aooul uve dollars
a year. Out of this treasury an allowance
of, generally, f"or dollars is; paid weekly
t a brother so'long aa ho ia inrapartitatrd in
persue the avorstton by which he obtains
a livelihood. This sura is, in most esses
amply sufficient. Should peculiar eireum
stancfs. however, in any intittice rmder
it inadequate to releive the distressed.
lha lodge by a special, vole, mav increase
be appropiatioo or a voluntary aubtcrip
tioa arrong the members aup plies iuch
amoo"t aa the emergency may demand.
The aid thua lurnithed ia tec nieallv called
the 'benefit, The benefits, however, ate
not paid iodieeriminaieltv r Three enouiriea
are first made by the Lodge, which must.
all be satisfactorily answered before' the
invalid can receive them. They are 1st..
whether the distressed brother is i t good
standing in his Lodge; 2d., whethei he has
punctually paid his dues ap to the lime of
his aicknest 3rd., whether hit tick net ia
involuntary, sad not superinduced by any
immorality. .
If these interrogaiives he affirmttively
responded to, he is entitled to and re
ceives e very solacs he need "Two bret fa
ten are regularly provided to tend his bed,
if necessary, by day; and night. ' These
kind office are faithfully rendered,, and
they are perfotmed without any implied ob
ligation ofgpititote on (he part of the recip
ient. He it entitled to his beriefhs becoe
he haa paid his 'duesand complied, with
the requiaitiont of the Order. On hit re
eovery he returns, to the Lodge, not shrink
ing under the mortifying . consciousnet of
releivinj pauperism, but wiih an' indepen
dent, though grateful spjrii, returns the
erecting ofwelcome and eogralulatinn.
Should, however, hia,,. disease termmsle
fatal, hia brethren do not consider
themselves released, from Turttier ' atten
tfaWfTnrml
purure for his remsins. The constitution
of every Lodge, make proviaion lor
e-rtain sum, generally thirtv dollars, for
4,e burial expenses of a deceased member.
Besides all (hia, . s contribution in money
ia made to the widow. If the deceaaeil
have left env Toong chilren. it is the dotv
of the luorige moreover in ad and ar
the widow by money and advice in main
taminr and educating them. Fci these
.a a .
purp )ea. : tnere. are etDtinea in our
Lodges a widow aad orphan fund,' and a
school fond. Should ire entire treaary
he ezhauaed by these nntlay. lha lodge
is ant releived ' from the reap"hsibilities ii
has bound itself to assume, They are re
qeired to tubmit tfl- an Individual extra
assessment sufficiently large io pay the
eipendituree. Jf they should be unable to
collect theae assessments the lodge is
virtually dissolved, and surf' nders . its
charter to th Grand Lodge, unler whose
authoritv.it was issued. : 1 Jiave, however,
never known an instance to occur. There
is ton much generosity and pride of consis
tency among as, to succumb to such a
crisis. --f- ".'- , ..1, v ,-.
The liberality of the Order in releiving
the sick, ' burying the deed, stsisting the
widow, is enormous. During ' the past
yesr, about $300,000 have been expemled
for thrse purpoaea- Large outlays have
tltobeen required for rear, furnitore.lighu,
fuel, ste , in our Lodges, snd, notwithstand
ing, the aggregate general surplus exceeds
$1,000,;- ; v.i'J ,t
... Such a vast balance in our Dower, it
nsccountabl' to fhe poblre at large. 1 he
weann oi our iraternity it, nowever, Dy no
means sAtraci out. -Tits ihe inevitable re
sults, of onrmodeef organization. v, .,
The Order of Odd Fellowship, has-been
so favored by Providence .that no member
who renects, etn avoid the conviction, that
it has oeea cherished hy the dewt nf be a
en for wise purposes It is an inetitulion of
I'is agr, snd poeaeasea All or ita peculisri
chsramerittic of expansion snd progression.
Originally, the end o its vrrganizstion was
good fellowship, snd reciprocal protection
escaping unm toe tanu oil its birth, it
sought the free atr of tbta; eountry. Its
nature at once developed iuelf. It beeams
an intiitrjiion of greet tnoril power and
a lofuer deatuiy seemed to await it, - The
pipe and the tankard disappeared from' its
lulls, sod our lodges were, diatingvithed
for their sobriety anJ decorum. For years.
they htva mainiained iheir feoutaiion, and
now. temperance ia sa integrtf attribuie of
oor Urder,-' d a ,f5 1-,,
THE CHEROKEE ROSE FOR
, IIEDQING. V, 1 '
The St. Louis "Western . Jour.
nal," for March, contains un article'
eutifJed: Th$ 'herokee Rose
IJoiatiical descrption: iis adaptation
to the purpose of Hedging; its ad
aptation to the climate; mode. of
piaritair and of cu'tivafing it in
hlgs &c.f by l homas Affleck,
EsA ' of Mississippi." ' '
We are hnbli to give this arti
cle n't lengih, and bur renders rmiM
be satisfied with a brief notice of its
contents. -. .
The history, of this plant , is ob-
senre. rIt was cultivated before
the revolution in several ' gardens
near Savannah, and in Chnrlcston
under the name of the Cherokee
rose. Michaux on rneetiiitr . it.
found it to be an undrscrihed
plant, and introduced it as a noo.
detcript rose. It is found growing;
wild on ihe Cumberland, in Ten
nesseoand in the country formerly
occupied by the Cherokeps. ''
This rose, is an evergreen, ap
prOMthiiig to a vine . in is habit of
growth; the leaves are dark, green,
aud beautifully glossy or shining:
Its long snd strong shoots are com
pletely covered with stout and very
sharp prickles, curved backwards.
The wood soon acquires hardness
which prevents its being browsed
upon by any kind 6f slock though,
during a hard winter, cattle and
sheep will pick off the leaves vi h
out injury to the jilout. The blos
soms, which appear very early in
the spring, iu vast ' numberfi, are
larsingle, and a peculiarly clear
and pure white. Tfte fiVxibt iy pf
the long shoots allows of their be-
irig 'ta id m i In Ih'-lt'irnt'df leoinfoii
readily ink root when layered,
weak places in a hedge are quickly
and permrneiitly strvngthenedi and
ihough inclined, if neglected, lo ru
wild, it leon the kmfo and $ -ears
well, and can readily berdu'e l m
gain to ordr whenever v'esir d.
r For strength, it far surn ts an .
other kind of live fence and it is a
most efficient . pr tection to .Ucropa.
No animal, wild or tttme, can pas
it' ;'"'. ' -f:K
Hedges, of thia ' planted are) wy
permanent. Hedges plnnted : wenty
yenra siiic l(iJjQeorgiaandiSotttL
Carolinn. are now growing thriftily:
and .no instance baa come .under.
our , noike of tha plaut dying otit
mm any cause. .
. We readily acknowledge the vol
ue of i his rose for hedges in climates
wnicn suit its hfibtts. No cold ex
perienced' in South-Carolina . or
Mississippi ' affects ft injuriously
It is recorded that on ihe 8trr of
February 1 834, in Charleston South
Carolina: V "'
"The, thertpometer atood after
sun-rise, five degrees below zero
The salt water in. the dock and
mill ponds in the neighborhood of
th, city was frozen.-' Qream-hotisea
afforded no protection to exotica.
Fir tree, myrllea, oranges, See. dec,.
aa fat1 south as St; Augustine, were
cut down" to the roots and many.
utterly destroyed. ' The Cherokee
rose was hot affected by this sadden
and .severe change,' . V
are told of the wonderful texture of
their cloths and among mora . the
following:,;, , ti).M I ' .
A Persian AmnnssBd'or. is said
ta have carried home to his master
a cocoa-nut, which on being broken
wax found 4o contain a piece of cot
ton of some thirty i yards in length,
and light" as gossamer. Onone
on assionan Hmperor remonstrated
with his daughter, tpnn the indeli
cacy of her appearance, she' biiig
clothed in the Hindoo cotton. 5 She
replied t!iat the robe was wrapped
nine times round her body.1' 1 ho
tales all go lb prove that ' the 1Iin
doos were perfect itiastets of ,the
ninnufacture of cotton. ..',. ,tV
' 1 he art of manufacture was held
in high eeteem, nd cotton weaving
stood at the head of the median io
arts. Ti mi . women Were al I cotton'
spinners, and the Weaving was done
in the-open air. , f , ...
Otton was introduced 'into"
China in the sixth centnry, and in
the tenth century into Spain. ; In
me tnineetn century' a company
was incorporated ' at Barcelona for
the rbanufficttire of cotton but it was
duly of a coarse kind called fustian
In the sixteenth century it was in
troduced into England by a refugee
The Aztecs , or antieut Mexicans
were acquainted s with the tnanu '
larUire of cotton. . , . , 1
'The progress in the manufacture
of cotton was very slow after its in
troduction Into 1 England- The
thread was so coarse that it could
onlf .beured as filling', the warp
''being', of linen. The article mnnu
fnctured was called, calico, taking
this nnme from . Calcutta hi'1 the
Hast Indie, ; Previous to the year
1769"Wiillffif;
land 8:16
carried on by band iower. alone.
Soon aer the invention of, Ar
wrightthe moat rapid progress was
made, and the manufacture largely
. increased. ; In 1W4C the capital in
vested id' England' in the; cotton,
manufacture amounted to one huu
dred millions pound sterling.-
The lecturer next proceeded to
give isome particnlara of Jhe life of
Richwrd Arkwright, from which ' it
appears 1 he was dorn in " the year
J732,ia thnntyjrflncpshife
Wnd was brought up to the trade of
.avvurbtrrbotuU
quitted his . trade and travelled , a-
iKiut tho cnunirv as a dealer in hair.
He came in contact with the cotton J
spinners, saw the difficulties under
which they labored, . and set him
self at Work to invents cotton spin
ning machine.' With aisisiance
from a friend he went to work end
completed his machine in the ' year
1760.' The first miir In which ! it
was Iwed was built in . the 'year
1770,, hi Nottingean, and was mo-'
ed bj horse power. Arkwright's
machine greatly improved thequar-
uy oi uie tnreaa, ana. iiueq snrp
was no longer , pecessary. r,sTn
diKiHiguished, matt was persecuted
in his lift time by envious persons'
. ' r a ' . a a". ...
in uoo j) waa inaott ttuin our-
ken .B m s . . . .
m .oi, uio ivouniy, Kiugtiteo jv
George -r- ihe. ) third, and died
v, . .CONdOLWO.r '
t Tjjo Union sjs, , 'fit gjv.fi.us sorooii
tisiar-uoa to suite that bantaAnna has em
barked for jamsical?n vThe great Meiiran
exile, like. .a guest who. -tlioueh rat fir
hesrtiljf japlcome, makea hiastay 'too, long
yt. iiw, ,Tij aicvivuicT, Mmm HSU . .ID nsppi-
neaa of snaking the Uniou, and aha Cabinet
gl.d twice; first when ,he. got into Mexico,
aeconaiy, wnen ns got out., t na s in the
rasepf .h,dilauiryf guests we suspect ihe
laiier joy was 'greater than tha jrei.
V hatever else my be a id ( Santa ' ' bna.
Jie bus, provalll.nimieU'i;,Vs Urobbtesome
easterner''' m Mr,; Polk.-" ' ;
11 . ' ' 7 - tmt 5
A lawyei. Wfiile arguing In tbe dislriet
roartaday dr I wo since spoke very loud,
aad .when be stopped lo lake breath a bro
ther member atken bim wtiv he thundered
so, "Whr.r repi-ed ite 'roof render, "t
wee commenting on me veunif;np oi a uea
wiiatss. '''''
p HISTORY OF COTTON. ;t '
Frtmm lettur tffort tlu.Moiim MertotZ
.j The t'otion plant "as known,'
cultivated,' and inannfitctured In
India many centuries ago. It is a
plant .which crows spoutaneotiMv
all over the tropical rcgibps. The
climates so necessarrto the growth
arid deyelbprnent of ;the, " Cotton J
plant, torbia tne cultivation ofwooi,.
while tbe latter product Onwrishea to
the cold regions where the- cotton
will not grow., . The two products
areadmirab' y suited for the clothing
of Ah i inhabitants of the) regions in
wnicn tney respectively flourish.
? The early Egy plains do not ap
pear to- haveknown value of col ton'
although it is known to have exfs-(
ted in Egypt 550 years beforeChrlst;.'
The mnmmy cloths are all made of
linen, ' Herodotfts is the first Greek
writer who ipeakl of )crittori, land
thiamin 4 a brief reference 10 India.
The Romans " received fio '.cotton
manufactures from. India.' ;. From
this country . cotton we i, are ;tokJI
was introdueed ( into Uppet- and
Lower '. EgVDl.' . The Moors of.
Spain introdurwd. )t into Europef'i
s., li the (inenoas.jtnd delicacy -of
the manufactn re of Cotton, the
natives of India had the enpreinncy
for many centuries. These; are
to be"' altributed to the fineness' of
their climate anl the delicacy of
their seose of touclu ' Mnnv stories
the i richest men in 11 gland, ' in
tl93. -! v;' trJ''ti itrfM--b
It was not om 11 the year I80j
that powr . looms were ' made to
work successfully. - Now lhero are
to England 170,000 pofce lorntirv
turning nut nine hundrerj millions
yards of tloihs , but; hand" looui
wenving is not extinct, it is estima
ted pidt9y;S.'.'.h
loom wenyers io prcnt Brilairi.y. Jo
170H, the consiimption of cotton in
England w.tsotly 100,000 pounds;
now it- amonnts . 10 (50tl,000,iX)0
pounds, two-thirds ol which ia the
.product of our own country. aw
Manchester, and s the -country
round it for twenty miles are j 1 he
chief seats of the cotton mnnufae-
tare, and the motive power' of 'the J
smitlsi las arrsam V .. f rmkmX. . 1
hundred mills 'tisited'-byHhelec-tnrer
while Iri Oreut Britain "only
one was moved 'by water' "power,
snd that was at Lnnnrk in Scou J
land. This tmij ,appered lQ.f .be
yqry judicious y managed; the op
eratives were neat, cleanly in their
persons, and their bouses tidy and
eomtortable.- I.i eiimroer,' tW lei
males wear na shoes nor stockings'
and only the married ones - caps-,
the ifnmarried ' ones -going ;bar
lieaderl.; The' wages) "were aborif)
one halfof thoaVfn LowelL but the
Scotch 'operatives 'were reqnimj j
iy wor .piny oj nours a , weeKi
whil those of Lowell are' required
, . Ji no .appearance of ajandriestef
Was then described... The lecture t 1 Perforrnr everv. nrrnf ien n tho
l.j f ..: j,. .1.' . . . . i ; i J 1 . 'i '
nan uui ieuna tna maiiuiaciuiiair dssi mnnner.
population so brutal and .degraded,
jiS has often, been represented vr-vt
..1 He did not find the managers W
cruel or aristocratic as their enemies7
charge) "that they are. ' The mills'
ore owned 'mostly by inr!iidtml.,T
and not by incorporated companies.'1
AS iif this counter, a rigid" System
of economy ' is required "and the,1
riilei enfor'cerjsre' po stricter tfeaii
the exigences of the case ',' dt mand. !
,Xhe laws of Parliament, bearing 1
specially upon ihe owner and mai-s
uiacturer, are much more stringent
thin any he can force upon -. his op
eratives. - 4.,'j;-Siw, ,.IK!TSSr':
Most of the female onerntives
cennot write,' and JI classes of
operatives are grossly improvidcM1
addicted to gin, beer end whikey
drinking. In some peculiar ranch
es of work," thwagtsV'are, as ,iigh!
as Injlhis country -but the general .
average. Is only about tvvo thirds, off
what is paid in. American jniUs. '. ,
The lecturer said he should j nnta
pretend to deny , that crime rand d. !
stitmion existed among the opera-
tivee, but simply to assert that their '
condition yas not so bad ax il had '
been represented'; v ' v: ' ft " V " '"'
" FORMATION OF S0nr?! :
In the Watersof ivers,', but 'tis-' 1
Jpecially fn thotw of the sen' , there1
exists vast numbers 'of,, minute "
micros "opic animalcules, called j
Khrenlerginlusorial animals, which ,
are fiued to live each class iu ,it
own, specials element oi.f, and
which t therefore, -die in myriads
where the sweet and salt waters
mingle. It is almost, incredible to
see how densely the wate is some-
times-peonlrd bv these 5 rrcatures.
tidWMptdife
-cttunnesS""
Their skeletons and envelopes ion-
sisting of a calcareous and silicious
matter extracted from the, water,,,, .
are., al mi , . imrrishable. .They
commix. with the, mud ot the river, d
and come wii h it, to form t be d
posiiesT of alitne that fill np the
cliannels,' raise the growing island;
or add 10 the ' belt of moat iertile l
land-whkfc-incteasesl-sexward;
where the waleis are still. nAs the
lideadvrnnoes'up its channel, the
waters of the river spread and floyj -
over.th surface jhat far . up the'
-streamwbeis iJuiupr
till sweet, Ihe salt or ,hrackih nn- 4
der-current carries Ihe living things a
which- float in it to certain, death,
aud leaves their ' bodies behind H,t
to add to the accumulating "- mud.1 1
The extensive mutuar surfaces of
the riters and sea water4 which 'in
this way are made to: meet and ,tn K
sun a more rapid destrttctionr of
Infurortal U than could in almost a
any other way be brought about. r
' Experiment hu8 shown ' that
,.M j . .
.(ar,tin as the-fide reaches, the .so
called alluvial deposit in sind a long-,
the channel of .the j river abounds'
with, the remains of . these marina ,i
n imalculee, w hilo above the r eaclr
of the tioV none of them are to be
found. In the Elbe they are seen it
as fr as eighty ' miles .stove its 1
month: At Cuxhareh arid Glucki,
stndf, 'which are nearly forty miles'
froiu the open sen, ' thei'rgil irfoiis'
and ;!'taIcareoj8 (kelfto'ns 'lorrd
one-tVuilK,t(qne-thiidofhe jnass,.
of the fresh mud, exclusive ;vpfr the
rapdj while further tip, the rirer ,1,
they amount, to about, -orio-half trf .j
this ouantity. In Ihe Rhinef the si '
Scheldt, the Mewy, tho Liffey, the
Thames, 'iW'Forth.'thy llumber, iW
ilnd the Wash'' the 'same' forto of ?1
deposite goes- Otti -So that-in'the
months of all tidal riTers there "ard rf 1
tole superadded td the mwhari'jca!vf
debris, brought down bv ih5nrrr'ir
Waters, the morerich' and f rtilx-
frig animal , spoils' which i the seal
1 'r ' r ! ' '
yvouaenuiiy uicorpiiraies , uwg., too v
growing d'U. nd,. the hanks , of,,
aisiDg mud;. And 4hus .h .is).seeai
that the river islands encroach upon n-
the ocean not merely in proportion r
10 the quantity of solid matters held
in 'suspension - br the desceuding- t
witer, but In ptoportfoa also to the "f
richness of the sea in micrrrecoptc'f
forms pf life, apd to-the volume of
fresh. water;. which the river can
bring to mingle with it w i',r .a.r
li?(irtf - ,:.! .GltantTJ
'ti' .t)it rf't- ! if.f..at"t
i 9 To prevent th eurculios from h '
Jtirtng rflum fiir a nom&vr ' or ' tl
al s "hen rl r full wi th 'morasses a nd n
Wer,1 1)
Ihejimrrs of the trees, , ' ',!Tliey. at- ,
trnct thiinsectsrom the fr)iitand v
catch them, a It has beep iried with
9lCee8iiivt) '-.I'eiic ea i:!.''V.;
hwvill li.iiit;'gS ,n.Y vt
3-
a
.""I