T -:- L" -- 5". -WBP ' V I '" - e- -. . .r . 1 , . T
CTvW
THOS. J. LEMAY, Editor and Proprietor.
"Jlortb-Carofi'ua potofrful inintttltctuaf, moral ane pfjpcaUfourtc-tfie lanbof oujr tfre anb tc home of out affection.'
THREE DOLLARS a Year, in Advance. '
RALEIGH, If. C , WEDNESDAT.ULY It, IMS
VOL. 39.
....
.! !
rmoM tbc aioisria.
Mr. Gk The Rail Road Content ion,
which met lately at Salisbury, was one of
ths most spirited and intellectual affair
that it hss been my lot to fall in with for
many a day. The speech of Mr. Tum
stall, of Virfinia who was invited to a
seat in tha body, wes particularly rich
Small sized politicians and deniagognes,
who try to inflame jXe public against lib
eral svstems, and profess to be peculiarly
the frundt of the poor; bless me, they got
it ore and oft. Of Mr. T.'s ability as a
popular orator, I had heard before; but
this effort of his, far surpassed any thing
I had anticipated. I eall him a verr great
man. There were other speeches, and the
thing went off most admirably. The only
thing that seemed to cloud the joy of the
occasion, was the suggestion that the Leg.
ialatura might not be willing to grant a
Jiberal charter. I his suggestion was cop
fronted by gentlemen well acquainted with
the feeling and iutereaia that prevail in
the Halls of Legialation in North Carolina.
They declare, in the most confident terms,
that no set of men thst ever was assembled
in our General Assembly, whatever their
prejudice and peculiar local feelings, ever
had taken upon themselves to deny the
right ot any portion of the people of this
Slate to belter their condition wan own their
own means' It wuuta be ao manifest an
abandonment ol the very elementary pur
Eoset of Government, that it never could
appen under any combination ofciicum
ttances. To suppose it possible at this
enlightened period of the world, and to
ward people who have done so much for
other parts of the State, and who hsve
aaked so little for themselves, was pro
nounced purely gratuitous.
There was a great deal of zeal and una
nimity, snd a most confident belief expres
sed, that whenever iheRoads on either side
of us shall teach Charlotte and Danville,
there will be a most ready, concentrate J
ami efficient exertion to fill up the wanting
nnx. wnen inisw ripnew wui present
to ine puoite an entirely oi nan nuau
from Portland to Maine, and Buffalo, N.
Y., to Chsttanosga, in Georgia, which will
soon afterwards be extended at both ends
almost interminably. So great a prospect
hss never greeted our land-locked faneiet
before? Hn Davio F Caldwell presided
st the Convention, and D. A. Davie and B.
Oatee, Esqs., acted as Secretaries. You
have no idea of the excitement and inter
est this matter has acq u Led in this part of
North Carolina.
YADKIN RIVER.
SIMPLE DIVISION
The Pittsburgh Mercury tells tha follow
ingatory:
We hevd a story the other fight on the
subject of "Division" that we, thought
"some" at the lime, and never having seer
it in print, we are templed to give our
readers the benefit of it,
A Bout hern planter named P., pretty
well to do in the world now, wss some
year ago a boy on tha Eastern shore of
Maryland. One of his etrongst and most
in arte I traits is characteristic of the peo
ple of "them diggins," where they practic
skinning strangers during brisk seasons,
and skinning one another during dull times.
In due course of time P was of age and
thought it about lima to get married. He
went to a neighboring village and iu the
course of events was introduced to a
daut liter of Judge B.
"Dang fine gal," said the embryo specu
lator to a friend who was gaining him an
entrance among the elite.
.Very."
"How much might Judge B. be worth!"
"Why, about $ 1 0.000 waa the reply.
"And how many children has Judge
D.Y" continued the t squire r.
"Only three."
"Three into ten goes three times and a
third over." mentally ciphered P. Hera
was a chance a glorious chance and he
improved it too. He made love to the
beautiful and nnsnptsticated daughter of the
Judge with alt the variations.- Strange to
say for he was as uncouth a cub as ever
want unlicked his sail prospered "and
tby were married.
The honey moon passed off, a all other
honey moons do, and they were happy.-
The bride was lively and chattv. snd often
mane Br.usions to
madoa iua dnato h ht.., ..J .: f
nuruca-ni irnnucT Of nim. m irmnVrh, 1
wAxl-is 1il.'--J
. . . - I
jtr of name na irinu'c
should not be in the catalogue of rotations.
owe evening at ie i tie saiu;
"My dear. I thought thrre was only
three of you!"
"So there are, by my ma, but pa's first
wife has eight more
"Eleven go into ten no timet and never
0neoverP' said the astonished P., who
jumped up, kicked over the chair and
groaned in perfeet sgony, "I'm sold, I'm
nld! and a d ... d sight chesperthan an
add bell-welhar' aheap at thatr1
MR FILLMORE ON IRELAND.
1 he New York Tribune publishes the
following.
; Albany .May 23, 184.
- Gentlemen I have the honor to ae
kuowlcdge the teecipt of your letter,
iiing nie to attend a meeting to be held
at die Broadway Tabernacle en the Sd of
June for the purpose of extending aid and
jmpethy to Ireland in the prevent tint
lul criKuof her fate and I regret to say,
that my etneial engagements ere such aa
tc drpriveroaofiaat pleasure.
No man who has a heart cin fail to feel
for suffering Ireland. Her brave sons
hava fought tha baides of the civi
lized woild, but her own they hsve
yet to fight and why England continues to
hold her in subjection against her will and
by mete force, is to me unaccountable. Is
it from the mere lave of dominion, or the
fear that if IreTaiid "resumes her stand
among the nation! of tha earth, that her
distant colonies may seek to sunder the
frail tie that binds them to the mother
country! Whatever may be the motive
it seems clear, tnat tne Union is pro tit
les to England and ruinous to Ireland
and I trasl the time is not far distsnt when
Iriahmen will again breathe the free air of
an independent and happy people, Res
pectfully yours, tfec.
MILLARD FILLMORE.
Messrs. James H. Ti us, Petter McLaugh
lin, Rogan, Win. F White, J, C. Deve
reax John. T, Doyle, John A MeGlyhn,
and Nelson J. Waterbury, Commit
tee, The Albany Alias hss the following no
tice of the reception of General Cass by
the Durnociaey of that City
A demontlratiaHof If'takntte. On
Salurdav evvnine Gen. Ci reached thi
city from New York. His arrival has
been expected for some'days, and waa de
finitely announcedtwenty four hours before
Person were sent oat to drum up'a crowd
Marie was hired and cannon waa fired.
money was paid lor none ana carriages.
aud we near tbat persons were oflered
money to use theea. But free white, men
could not be found, or hired, to welcome
the embodiment of slavery-pmpagandiam.
The thing was a dead failure! It wae indeed
the most remarkable exhibition, as a Uilure,
thai we ever heard of.
No one took the trouble to come and no
one took the trouble to stay away. Al
most all the spectators whom we saw
pimema of the gtiest; Ai ' he passed 'the
Broadway, an attempt waa made to get
up a cheer, but not one voice seconded
tne motion! a menu took trie trouble not
only to oount the procession, but to take
down the name of each person. They
were exactly 88 and no more. Among
them were some three or four gentlemen
who merely desired to show the hospilali
ties of the city to a prominent citizen of
another State. .
The managers of the affairs were heart!
ly ashamed of it. When Mr Peckbam,
who had petifogged many-a desperate case
with unwavering assurance, undertook to
welcome the Conservative leader in the
name of the Democracy of Albany, he broke
down. Ha had written the words down,
but ho had not the face to congratulate the
guest on such an exhibition! He hd to
take out his pocket and read about hi
.uddn" AHinliAti anrt totxnn lain sin
, ,. , i
feelings. . , .
There is an account of the affair in the
Argus of this morning which is really
Judicru. It speaks of "crowd," "en-
thuiam,"loqunt speeches," "vehement
cheering," 4e. Like the ex-district at.
lornky's speech it must have been written
in advance; and waa a narrative of what
would Jure hppened if any other public
mart oTTne country (except Caen. Cass) had
reached this city.
Gen. Cate Supported at the North upon the
u rouna mat ne uceuptet the tame
Ground in Regard to the Prvvito with
Adamt, Hale, Giddingi and the Adoli
olition Newtpapert! hit Private Con
vertationlt We have heretofore given some extracts
from the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the lead
ing DerAocratic organ of Southern Ohio,
showing that Gen, Cass is there supported
aa the constant and unwavering friend' of
Internal Improvements by the General
Government. We now present farther
extracts from the principal editorial article
of a recent number of that paper, under
the head of "General Cass and the Proviso-"
Wa eall tha attention of the South,
ern men to the important facta heie assert
ed, to the claim by one of his ova friends
that he occupies the identical position
in regard to the Proviso of J. Q. Adams,
Hale, Giddings, the National Era and all
the abolition papers; to his frequent de-
CLAaATions, in paivaTrc coavaasATlONS,
"I'l 1 1? v k i -
" :t :''riT1- C..r r' I
t'HE .FARTHER EXTENSION OF
SLAVERY. But to this remsrkable arti
cle. ' - -
. "We. a i party, present to the nation
a candidate from a free Bute, tie is hot
a slaveholder. Ha does not traflie iu hu
man fleah. He has no sympathies, sao
eiations or connections with those who tlo.
Ha was' born and educated in New Eng
land, and has apent roost of his date in the
free wilds of tha West, has served his
country long and faithfully, and has eijoy
ed the. eoafidencn of Jefferson, Madison
and Jscksou in the more harmonious days
of the democracy. 8uch a man is now
the standard bearer of our party; and ' we
support him; an I this we eou Id do with
a hearty good will, independent of our ob
ligation to party , . --a
.;- . ... . . . , e -..
- "We think Gen. Cats' eonalrsction of
the Constitution it an ample J proviso' a-
Biinst the further extention of slavery,
a says Congress- has not the power to " a
boliah slavery where it tegally exists, nor
to insiiiate where it does no, It does
not now cxit in the territories of Nw
Mexico and Catdornia and according to ;
Gen. Cass' doctrine it cannot exist there
by any act of Congres. It follows, of
coarse, that fsaid territories hcst remain
fee k until the same shall become Slates.
It is a conceded point that States have the
power to abolish slavery within their lim
it, and by the same act of sovereignty
they can establish it. The only fear ia
thai these Territories will be peopled by
those who prefer slavery to free labor, and
that when said territoiiea become Steles,
slavery will be established, either by a pro
vision of their State Constitution, or by
law.
"Let us see if Gen. Cass doctrine will
favor such a result. Slaveholders will not
emigrate there because there ie no law to
protect alave property. Should Con
gress pass such a law it would be uncon
stiluligual and of no binding effect Tbrre
if no law of the territories by which a South
erner could hold a slsve one hour after
he had become settled there! The present
inhabitants are all opposed to slavery. No
Isw would be made by them to sanction
it, and under such circumstances whaican
our Southerners do They can giro ap sla
very and go there, whicti tbey will nol do.
or they can etay away, which is the most
probable. , They never will hazard
their-pWpefty where tliei Is ho law To pro
tect it Mark that!
"When the Proviso waa first sprung
upon we uouse ol Kepresentalives, John
Qtiiney Adams arose in hi placo sno de
nounced it as tmnttettary. Why 'Be
cause,' he said "ihe territory was now frte
and Congress had no right to make it
tlave." This is Gen. Cass' Opimiok.
Judge McLean, of the Supreme Court,
hoidt the tame opinion otto John P. Hale,
jothua K. Uwdmet, Fduor ot the Aa-
tional Era, and alt the Liberty paper:
Congress hst.no more power l make a tlave
man to make a king, say they. Ihere is
no power in this touritrv to make a slave
except by the sovereign Staten, and they
as black. Sould New Mexico and Call
fornia become States and choose to institute
slat cry, the probability is they would en
slave the whitet at the blacks snd copper
ticuii wouiu oe largely in majority.
"Gen. Cass believes that from the sim
ple operationa of the constitution, the char
acter of the people now there and those
likely to go there, the geography of the
country, and the strong public sentiment
in all of tho free and many of the alave
Slates against slavery, that it will never
exist in tliose territories, ff'e know from
the frequent declaration! made' in patriotic
contertmtiont, that he it ttrongly oppoted to
the farther extention of tlavery at we are,
and that it ttrong enough tnott of our read
en will think: '
"We have every assurance that hie ad
ministration should he be elected, while he
will give security to the great -and funda
mental principles of the party, will never
be used to give countensnea to so obnox
ious a measure as carrying slavery into
territory now free."
GEN. TAYLOR'S HUMANITY.
One of the most striking characters! ice
of General Taylor is hia universal kind
beartednesa. . Col. Haskell, of Tennessee,
who waa with General Taylor on the Rio
Bravo, tell the following anecdote of him:
On one occasion. General Taylor was
descending the Rio Grande, on a small
steamboat, within large number of dis
charged aick Boldiere on board. The boat
being very crowded, these poor fellows, had
been very uncomfortably stowed away on
tha deck, as the lowest part of the west
ern steamboat is termed. As soon ss
Gen, Taylor; ascertained their condition he
ordered the officers, dbs., out of the cabin,
and hsd the sick m-n all transferred to
to their pieces. H" himself look a hlanket
and gave up his berth. The night passed,
and in the morning, there . waa a good deal
of inquiry for uen. I ay lor; but notnajr
could tell where he was. At length, one of
the servants mentioned tbat a man was ly.
ing wrapped up in a blanket, on ihe fore
cattle. The officers repaired thither, and
found the old roan truly there, and still
locked in his honest sleep, with bis blanket
wetted and soiled by the slop-water which
the servant, supposing him to be some
common soldier, bad carelessly - swept a-
gainat him. Was nol this a sludv for the
rha conquering Ueneral of the American
Army, sleeping in his blanket in the o
pen air, on the forecastle of a steamboat,
wnust Die conn was occnpiea oy a poor
soldier, without rank, but receiving his gen
erous : consideration - because . duabled
by d tease contracted in the service of his
country. ...
-DON'T DESERT YOUR COLORS!
Ge serai Taylor had a. happy, way of
quieting his discontented soldiers. Always
ready to sympathize with them they were
seldom backward in lighting with him.
Now and then however, he discovered- a
faint heart; snd that two occasionally among
tha best follows in the army. The follow
ing is an instance: . ,
-Old Zack and hit Mm, It is said that
the night before the battle of Buena Vista
a number of the tegular as well as voUa
teers ware trying to make themselves tcarce
When Old Zack beard of this feeling among
the men he ordered an old mart not scare?
at trifles .but who had been found crawling
off- under very suspicious eircamvtsnces,
to be brought before him. 'Why Borden,'
said Old Zack, 'I'm told you were trying
to desert yout colors; yw certainly are not
a man of that stripe!' Wrll, General,'
aaid the downcast soldier, Mo tell you
God's truth; 1 was and am sort ofjkere.
a little for they say old Santy'sgot' bout fit
. .i L i r.t. . . .. T.
j wwuMiiu oi iiiv ucai ironps iu itirxicr1.
has picked hia grouty, and wilt give the
boys heie the htrdeat fight any of us ever
did see! So I thought tbere'd be a mighty
amall chance for oor little crowd'tu morrow
and the bett chance for awhile' would
Kji tW.tl ... U.b- , .. .
mess; tilings look a little desperate to night.
but you do duty to morrow, and, if we tote
the fight, come and find me and fit detert
with youv
it there are any in the Whig ranks a
little diaheartened, let them lake courage.
stand faat to their colors, snd "go back
to their mess." "Okl Zack".' never turned
the hack of his hand to a friend nor the back
of his coat to an enemy. He is a true sol
dier and a true Whig.
Albany . Evening Journal,
RRMEDY AGAINST MOTHS.
It is an old custom with soma house
wives to throw into their drawers every
year a number ot fir cones, under the
lueainai meir strong resonous smel
niignt Keep away tne motn. iMow, as
the odor of these cones is due to turpen
tine, it occurred to Reaumur to try the
effect of this volatile liquid. He rub
bed one side of a piece of cloth with tur
pent.ne, and put sortie moths on the oth
er, the next morning they were nil dead,
and strange to say, they had nil volun
tarily abandoned their sheaths, On
sineuring some paper slightly with the
oil, and putting this into a bottle with
some ot the. grubs, the weakest were
immediately killed; the most vigorous
struggled Violently for two or three
hours, quitted their sheaths and died in
convulsions. It was soon abundantly
Evident that'thW:vfw
line acts as a terrible poison to the grabs.
Perhaps it may be said that even this
remedy is worse than tin disease, but
as Reaumur justly observes, we keep
aay from a newly painted room, or
leave off for n few days a coat from
which stains have been removed by tur
pentine, why therefore, can we not once
a year, keep away a day or tw i from
rooms that have been ' fumigated with
turpentine?
It is, however, surprising bow amall
a quantity of turpentine is required; a
small piece of paper or linen just mois
tened therewith and put into the ward
robe or drawer a single day, two or
three times a year, is a sufficient pre
servation against moths. Ajsmall quan
tity of turpentine, dissolved in a little
spirits of wine, the vapor of which is
also fatal to the ninth - wilt entirely
remove the offensive odor, and yet be a
sufficient preservative. The fumes of
burning paper, wool, linen, feathers, and
of leather, are also effectual, for tha in
sects perish in a very thick smoke, but
the most effectual smoke is that of to
bacco A coat smelling but slightly
oi tobacco, is sufficient to preserve a
whole drswer.
Tho vapor of turpentine and the
smoke of tobacco are also effectual fa
driving away spilers, ant, ear wigs,
bugs, and fleas. Tbe-lnlter tormentors
are so abundant on the continent, as fre
quently to deprive the weary traveller
of his night's rest. If he would provide
himself with a phial containing turpen
tine end spirits of wine in equal parts,
and would sprinkle 'a few drops over
the sheet sand coverlid before retiring
to rest, no wnuiu probably Dave reason
to be grateful for the liirrt. Foreigners
are in. the habit of smoking in tbejr bed
rooms a "habit which excites surprise
and disgust in England, it will now be
seen, however, that Ihere is reason for
the practice.- Sharp? Loudon Jlag
axine. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE. 1
We understand that a bill appropriating
two thousand nve . hundred dUarao
fttVrbressor-
ship in the State University haa already
passed or will puss the Legislature of
ueorgta. in trie 0011th Carolina Col.
lege, at Columbia, there is an agricul
tural professorship. 60 also there is an
agricultural chair in Yale, so also in
Harvard. We woiild be, glad , to see
these good examples followed in Virgin
ia. We would be glad to see an agri
cultural chnir ia our own University at
(Jharlottesyille. Why should there not
be 1 Is not agrtculture s. science, and
an important , science? - What other
science is half so important to us? We
area nation Of farmers. Nature has ;
decreed that by our broad lands weshiiutd
live. .Agriculturn is the trot profession
of ever Virginian born. Why" fhoald
not our State make the same effort to
advance it as she does other sciences?
We think It would be beneficial in ma
ny ways, not the least of which would bo
the lessening of the) absurd prejudice ex
isting in the community against the ap
plication of chemistry snd other ecieu-
ces to Ifta cultivation of the soil. ' If
our voutisr men were tau?ht someihintr
about agricultural, chemisty 9t college
as wen as ureen ana iatin, tixy woujij
cease fwlespise it, and they vCy
tench Jjr utility to those a rounds- tneir
t-stniesr Nearly all agricultural pro
cesses are chemical experiments. The
benefit resulting from the application of
lime, the application ol stable Mm
9
oune sun s neai, ana oi trie rmu
entted by clienucnl comtiinatiOaao
cording to chemical Iuws. How great
a waste ot resource would not an ex
tendfd knowledge of those taws sfve us.
A pi jce o1land is poor cQt is ft will not
prodttcec orn. "jVby u , it poor?,. Be
cnuse it no longer caaUiUtertnio
substances necessury to thn production
of corn. By a chemical analysis we
can fijid out the various suhstances
which enter into the stalk aud grain of
the corn, and by chemical nnnlysiawt
can also find out which of these sub
stances the ground lucks. We would
thin know exactly the kind ot manure
to put upon it. No land lucks all the
elements necct'ssnry for the production
ot ttnv ctod. Koine -it has in ventv
all that we have to do .to mnke it rich is
to put in the elements which nte want
ing. VV hen we do not know what
these are, it is all chance work, and we
may put on the soil much manure of a
kind not wnntmg at all.
We do not pretend to say that know
ledge of asrricultiirnl chcmintry, &c is
neccessary to mnke a successful tiller of
the soil. But persons whohnve not that
knowledge must act arccordin? to the
rules which .are established by the
experience of thuso who have.
There should be a greater number of
persons in the community who are c
quaiiited ,wit.h .ilcso..ihinxsv..i.Smne.tfiee.
HwiOTwrffWl he; pnrt tit WW State
might secure this object. It would also
us we said, do away with absurd pre
judice against agrtcnltultural science
and against agricultural joHrtials,he or
gan of communication bet wen those who
are acquainted with this science and
those who are not. It would also do a
way with the necessity for such sketches
as the following:-Souther Cult.
Ijook at the roots and see their grace
less and disconnected proportions.
The aiding, ss vu see is ot alt widths.
and of all varieties of materieriaL Hera
wide hemlock board, loose at one end
to catch the flying breezes of summer,
or give octave to the harsher notes of
winter; wniia ine.ro me aoaenee 01 outer
screen permits the storms, in playful
T sl .a n . 0 -
fancy, to search into tho firmness of
the winter walls. The windows, too.
show marks of strange funfosies of taste
by exhibiting, at patieless intervals,
patchwork of many-colored shreds, single-panes,
openwork of .cooling dimen
sions. Around the premises, the wreck
of what should have been the last fence
to hare fallen, shows the broad port
holes through which destruction sends
its powerful missiles. 't hat was never
a neat and tidy fence. Ia its creation it
was but the counterpart of fell decay.
The barn, which) next to a man's house,
should be his tower of strong defence,
as you see, like the owner, has lost, the
centre of gravity. andJs going down to
share the fate of all things. The roof,
now serves no other purpose, than to
ridje the storm, nnd give strange pastime
to the winds. The siding, too, as you
must notice, is compossed of boards con
fined only here and , there with a nail,
which leaves them banging, like male
factors, to tiro merer or the elements.
The doors, tinhinzed, play ant'O capers
in the Mast and fall, 'rut load of hay,
just at the threshold of the barn h left
because, through the failure Of A single
strap in the harness, it could be taken
no farther, and the poor; farmer has
gone three miles on a pleasant day. to
get a new poo in its place, , :
. Not a tree greets your eye in. all these
where the year and the peach' should
luxuriate: and the swlll-tub lias tumb
led over In the last stages; . ef decay.
where The rose and tho myrtle should
bloom. "... ;
unserve tne ganntness and wan ap
pearance oi the animals. The cow, ns
you se, is ariproacning the dwelling,
as if to hold sympathy , with the sad
mistress of misfortune's home, flow
feeble ber gait, and .how wan hefeoun
tenaocet .. And why should it be other
wise, when her only .food is gathered
among the brambles by the wayside,
and her only drink from the filtlty frog-
pond in front of tho dwelling! See that
starving swine, just driven from' the
meadow. 1 Its features have stronger
resemblance to ' the wild boar of the
East, than any thinjj of American orig
in. Vet it looks like an animal adapt
ed to its circumstances; Uterelore, it, is
perfectly in place in ha present locality.
..Go Into Philip's dwelling, and exam
ine among the scanty furniture for the
Work' will;
the.iweist'
sourMLrwf music, ana not a
nOTPjawQUl
. a . '
a of discord, will greet "JO&tr.
Ask him if ha takes arriTUnral co
per, and his rerjly, fronrtrtountenancr?'
exhibiting teVSldermeot beneath his .
old sljn! ht, will brt ,
v4. reckons 1 knows as much ahont
Iu' as these Vre chapacmtell; amO
as for them city follen thaf" write, th";
don't know euny more about it than
the old boss?; '
Attempt to explain to him, if you fiity
etienco to parley with the mope ill '
nefits that agriculture is receivinir
from such papers, and thelaborsf!
scientific men who make them their
organs of communication,' and his wi! -
rcplv will run something in tbw.wise: , .
fl don't keer for your orgius tior your,
skientifics. I knows enough about far-
min'; and, besides, I 's not a farmer: v
I trades and spekerlates.'J ,, 4 ,
Poor mo a! he is right once; lie is not.
a farmer, and nature erred as widely'
when she planted him. oa'a piece ,0
land, to dress and keep, as, she did Iu"
lorminyeuch a- misera
the likeness of dienified, " intelligent,.,
man. Urge him, for the sake of his
rising family, to take nn agriculiural
paper, and he Tpill tell you, , : '
"Humph! my family must take "care
of themselves." we wish thev had soir-
it enough to do so,) "and I take care of
myself. My boys!, inev won't bo dirty
farmers, and work&U day iu the sun; '
they want 'er to be merchants, aud , live ,
like gentlemen in one heuseo."
'Have voti ever tried an v exDeriments
wiihfruiti" ' , . .. .
I doesn't. try experiments; .it don't
library, and rtOhsolitary
meet tbeTtyepr listen for
do no good, 1 There wsi .some fruit
t ree ticre when I mmuo but they didn't -
do much, so I cuts them down. Idosu't
set out any fruit; takes then so long to
grow, one may uevcr live to get ay
good on 'em." . v ; .... (
PRODUCTION OP NEW VARIE-
v TIE3 OPPHUIT.V
To the farmer and ' brchardist, whV
are really in love with their occupation,
who look somewtiai beyond the grating
cations and profits of -4he present njo
Tmvat, and who deaire to do , semeA in,,
however small, that may advance 010
matters which they have in hand, no
attetnpt offers wperior attractions to thai
of producing some new variety of fruir,
which shall surpass all kinds which
are now in use, and bear the name of
thediMoverer to the latest generation
of fruit lovers and" orchardists. 'The
thing seems so easy simply plant the'
seeds of any apple or pear, and the seed
ling trees in almost every case will, bo
of a now variety. But . many persons
plant seeds every year of their lifetime,
produce innumerable new varieties, and
yet fail to get a solitary, slip out of.
them all which will i produce- fruit
superior to that from which (heir ami
was talcen. This is owing to ao itnor
ance of tho laws of nature by which tt
good new varieties are produced. " " '
It Should be recollected that the frnit
of our orchards and gardens are 11 iri
proyed varieties of wild fruit? vTtyj
pulp of apple, pear, &c, which we ep',
aud lor which we valne tliemv is yety
small in Ihe original varieties bavitnr
been intended by nature, to servo as
a simple sheath or protection for br
seed... It is the object of cultivation . I
diminish the qitaoritr 1( wood of the
fruit tree, to diminish the six of th
seed, and to increnre tl qttintity of
pnlps' "Tho froittieet .of our orchards
therefore, are iti an unnatural statethey'
all have a tendency to return to their
natnral or wild state, end if left to thera
selves," il ctiltivation is withdrawn from
ihem, In a fewge nerntions they all will;
return, to it. , This tendency o jreturej
to the wild state is always stronger ir
weTake tne ieed of die common
wild crab, which is the type of ell, the
applo tribe, and of an applo which ie
not1 quite ripe; plant it in rich and wtlr
pulverixed soil, keep "th ground cleaf
of other shrubs and of weeds; it will"
produce a variety of apple bne degree '
snjierior rothecrBb.'' Take the seed bf
thw hew apple before it Is onite rioc"
cultivate it, and it wilt produce anpthcr,
variety still, farther removed, from tlw.
first, and so the amelioration jnny ba
contintied lor several generations. ,4
ISut this progressive amelioration has.,
its limits, beyond which we cannot go.
The limits of perfection in the. eppltv
nave been found to be four fenerations;'
of the pear, five; of the peach, tlireo
Plums, cheiriet and indeed most stone
fruits require but three successive- re- " '
product ions from tne seed, to reach the
limits of their nerfection. v After the
have been reached, tho rond turns' baclc -that
ir, the seed produca iulrior varie-
lirs snd they will continue jio.deterio-
rate till the varieties become almost aa'