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MEtOTAWMB
AID WE S T E A N ABI E IS- TT
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VOLUME II.
RUTIIEIIFOIIDTON, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 12, 1831.
NUMBER 4.
(DAMODiljflA
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PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY EVENING (BY
IIOS WELL; ELMER, Jr.
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POLITICA L.
ders under which you I acted authorized letter. It would have been in ! opposition ter to you, covering a copy of the letter and the course of policy which honor and
your operations in Florida. Mr. Monroe to the views which I .have alwdys taken of from which the above is an extract, "with iuterest dictated to be pursued towards
replied ori the 20th October, lSl8 ; and, your orders, and in direct contradiction to you I cannot have the slightest objection her, with which some of the members of
after expressing his regret that you had the President's message of the 2oth March, to correspond on this subject, if addition- the cabinet were more tami liar than re
placed a construction on your orders dif 1818, commuhicatqd but a few weeki be- al information be desirable.7 ou ex- self, and whose duty it was to present that
ferent frop what was intended, he invi- fore to the House of Representatives (al
ted you tcjopeu a correspondence with me, ready referred to,) and which gives j di-
iiiai yuui jt;uiiccjuuu ui. ine jneaning 01 recuy opposite comuueuou 10 your oruers. roi; s tuucsjwiiucun; wuu jju, uuu inv muitaiy utjciauvsua.
y our orders, and that of the ad ministra- In fact, the letter, on its face, proveslj that public documents, furnished you a full erately weighing every question, when the
tion, might be placed, with the' reasons on it was not theintention of the Government and clear conception of the construction members of the cabinet came to form their
10 orr.nnv ut Tj.misn nosrs. iv reror- wi c iuu UAecumc irate 10 vuur oraers ; 1 uiidi uuuiinn. ou it
-yJ li .rf . .... . " . ..... . .
De-
No-
both sides, on the files of the War
partmentj ' Your letter of the loth
vember, in answer, agrees to the corres-
pondencq as proposed, but declinces com
CORRESPONDENCE 1 i
Jktwccn General Andrew. Jackson and
John Calhoun, 'Preside nt and Vice
President o f the. United State 's, on the
, subject of the course of the latter, in the
deliberations of the Cabinet $f Mr.
Monroe, on the occurrences of the Scrk
; xnolc iXar. ' ' 7'
, (Continued from page 11.)
Mr., Calhoun to General Jackson .
Washington, lh May, 1S30.
, Sir : In answerin ir your letter of "the
of the whole
determined,
course a-
. i-i i.n 1 1.
nnntnt ,;th tl, cinoM rfr-r,, dopteU. ana wnicn was luny umuc nuuwn
dcrs, there are certain expressions in your o you by Mr. Monroe s letter of the 1 Jth
. 1 A 1 1 1 of Julv. ISIS. I irnve it mv assent and
leiicr. which. iDouirn 1 am ai a loss 10 un- 1 j 1 . . r. - . . .
AornX T noiinnt nncc mr Ir, c.lor.o SlippfJll, beinff that WhlCll,
ing to it, you will see that 1 euclosrjdjo under which impression 1 remained till I ground, it was unanimously aei
the Governor! a copy of my orders foGe- received your letter of the 13th instant, das I understood, in favor of the
neral Gaines, of the 10th Uecember, lbl7,
under all
mencing it ; to yhich Mr. Monroe replied authorizing him to cross the Spanish line,
by a letter of the 21st December, statins: and to attack! the Indians within the lim
his reasons for suarffesting the correspon- its of Florida j unless they should take shel-
dence, arid why he thought that it. ought ter under a Spanish post, in which event, After announcing your
to commence with youJ To these, I have he was directed to report immediately !to contents of Mr. Crawford
aaaeu anj exiraci irom your leper or tne ine iepanmieni, wnicn truer vjroverjor whether the information
i in wcLciuuti, ui mi, niuuiue i xjiuu noa uiccicu iu cmaiuci ua 1114 j iw 1 (igf qh qt thg CirCUm'taf
messaire at the opening' of Congress, thoritv for carrviny the wir into Florida J mifl I
which, thbugh hot constituting a part of thus cleariy.establishiiig tie fact that -tiie seriously to affect me was moved and sus- cratlon beguming with his "apology for
the correspondence from which 1 have ex- order was considered stillin force, and iiot tamed bv v'ou in cabinet council when navmS disclosed what took place in a ca-
superseded by that to yo,i, directing von as is known to you, I was executing the b,Det meeting. lie says: In the sum
to assume; the command in the !Semii4le wishes of the Government." If bv wishes, mer aftcr lhe meetmg, an extract of a let-
' 1 ' : ' 5 1 V .
ITT- . i t i : G a
I
surprise, at the lIlc circumstances?, the public interest re
's letter, you ask Pld to be adopted. J m 1
' I I fln!l .. mint! inn nt
be correct un- I nuw miu n wic cAauiiuaHW"
ices, of which vou thc Vfcrsion which Mr. Crawford has giv-
ieu of my course in this important dehb-
1 ihvnstant, I wish1 to be distiiietl y TUu
tlerstood, that however high my respect
is for your j personal character, and j the
exalted station Svhich you occupy, I ean
, hot recogniize the right on your part" to
i call in ; question' my conduct on the inter
t rsting occasion to which your letter re
fers. I acted, on that occasion, in the dis
charge of a hrglv official duty, and under
..responsibility to my conscience anoS my
country only. In replying, then, to yoyr
letter, I do not place myself in.the attitude
of apologising for the part 1 may have ac
ted, or of palliating my- conduct . on ' the
7 accusatipn of lst. Crawford. My course,
I trust, requires no apology ; and if it did,
I have too much self-respect -to make fit
to any one, in a case touching the dis
charge of rhy official conduct, j I stand
oti very different ground. I embrace the
opportunity which your letter offers, not
tracted so copiously, is intimately connec
ted with the subject under consideration.
But it was not by private I correspon
dence, only, that the view which-the Ex
ecutive took oi your ! orders was made
known J ; In his message to the House of
war.
, pursuit
respect the
it mav be
In his message to the
Representatives of the 25th March, 1818,
long before information of the result of
your operation in Florida .'was received,
Mr. Monroe states, that "orders had been
given tojthe General in command not to
enter Florida, unless it be in! pursuit of
the cneihy, in that case, to
Spanish authority, wherever
maintained ; and he will be instructed to
withdraw his forces from the province i as
soon as lie has reduced that tribe (the'Se- . w'
, I , . v.. .. orders U
mmoies; xo oraer, ana secured our ieuow
citizens in that quarter, by satisfactory ar
rangements, against its unprovoked -and
savage hostilities in future." In his annu
al message at the opening, ofCongress,
in jYovember of the same year, the Pres-
laeni, soeaiiing oi your entenug r ionaa,
1 ' i
Nor can my letter of the Gth of Febru
ary be, by any sound rule of constructjQn
........... , , 1ir ! . .11!.!...!
which you have underscored, it be meantJ " asnmgion was puonsncu ,
that there was any intimation riven by A:asn.TI"t Pa.rr' n V' ,CI iU was.
ly, of thc desire "iai , ,W1J', ,"'.
myself, directly or indirectly,
interpreted llito aii . authority ; t,6 occupy f t,,e Government that you should occu
the Spanish posts, or as countenancing, Py the Spanish posts, so far from being
on mv nart. ilch an interpretation -of I the "informed," I had not the slightest know-
Ultl 1.
before.
orders prev iously given to you. Your-let- Ieage OI any sucn lnumauon, nor
teHot the Mh January, to which mine: is ever ncar a whisper of any such
an answer, dated at Nashville, before vou 15111 1 cannot imagine that it is y
nnr in.
... ,i . . j. r-ii
was stated
to ar
rest General Jackson, but that he was tri
umphantly defended by Mr. Calhoun and ,
Mr. Adams. This letter, I always believed v
was written by Mr. Calhoun, or by his di
rection. It had the desired effect ; Gen
eral Jackson became inimical to me, and
1 am not at all surprised that Mr. Craw-
at he stands iu need of
set' out 'oil the eXDedition. and consisfs i of
a narrative of the measures adopted y wisl,cs and the':public orders of the Gov- V "? ' . ,
- :. - 1a .1 . . "X (. 3 n.rr,nt na Tfiml im cnol, istinrt mn ; lord SllOUld leCl til
neni, wnere iney. were airecieaio renaez- J""' .r..Uw, .v.. ...w , . - , - . , , f i
S - r. L i- .4-iii J nor in nnv nf tho nnhlir - fWiiments t hut. of ,,1C Cabinet. It IF, I believe, not Olily
ju, me umu iiiiciiueu lor luaruning, ,nie i j v T . ' . 1
says : On
authonzihff'
Maior General
r
for supplies given to thercoutract-
ors, with other details of the same puhd,
without the slightest indication pf youri in
tention to act against the Spanish posts ;
and the approbation of the ' Presidpnii of
the measures you had adopted couldj be
intended to apply to those detailed. in your
letter. 1 dq not think that your, letter4 of
the 13th instant presents the Question.
. I : .
f .1 ...... r i.: .J- u i j VI
aui me impose. 01 matvinii (jicuses, uui as lf.bcrt t Vl,.vi . ...,.,.
. . . - ,i. vvii.e:ytii vntA X l'liua. Ill UUI9UII Ul 111C I 1 .1 .1 lwi ' ,Z ' 1 ; . .,
wj 1 . vvnemer me executive or yoarseii placed
Smmn Pfi. Prp wnetiiL-on tint tricnrninnh 1 . . v. ,nv,v.w
a suitable occasion to place my : conduct
111 relation to an interesting puniic : trans
action in its proper light ; and I am grat
ified that Mr. Crawford, though far from
intending ine a kindness,7hns afforded me
uch an opportunityi
on the rights of Spaing" Again : "In en-,
tering Florida to suppress this combina
tion, no idea was entertained of hostility
to Spam; and,' however j justifiable the
the true construction: considered as a mil
itary question, Ion the orders under Nvh'icli
on the contrhry, it is strongly rebutted by
your relying. tor your justification con
stantly and exclusively on your public or
ders. Taking, then, the "wishes of the
Governhient" to'be but another expres
sion fdr its orders, 1 must refer to the
proof already offered, to show that the
wishes ot the uovernment, in relation to
the Spanish posts, were not such as you
assume them to be.
Having, I trust, satisfactorily establish
ed that there has not been the least dis-
r 1 VjU 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I III 11 11 r . IIP Ii I.VVMK. III I'llllSHI II lf-II lf
. ia ""dcrtaking to place my conduct m of the misconduct, of the Spanish officers,
its proper light, I deem it prefer to pre- in entering St. Mark's and Pensacola, to
mise that it is very tar from my intention fPrm;nJtP ;t hv nmvi t irhUCQvQ a
to defend mine t bvdriiDeachinff . iToiirs.- Li ; -CL- .ki ' ' u should be.
Whcre we; have differed, I have no doubt tfirtPH fivbnfh. tthmahi.
that we differed honestly ; and in claiming betwee the u. States and Spain could not
: to act on honorable and patriotic motives beaiterpd by that act alone. By ordering
myself, I cheerfully accord the same to the resiution of those posts, Uhose rela-
J I , .' ;' , I. tions were preserved.' To1 a change of
a muwjiui uiaii.wncuu) uuuusiuuu them the power of the Executive is deem-
y our meaning ; out, ancr a careuu peru- ed irrcoh3petent. It is vested inXongress
. I J M A A. l I .li.. A. l - A. 1-
sai, i vvouia miei irom your leuer cnai you
had learned for the first time, by Mr.
Crawford's letter, that you and I placed
different constructions on the orders, un
ler which you acted in the Seminole war ;
and that you had been led to believe, pre
viously, by my letters to yourself and Gov
ernor Bibb!, that I Concurred with you in
thinking that your Orders were intended
to authorise your attack on the Spanish
posts in Forida. Under- these impres
sions, you, would seem to impute to me
.some degree of duplicity, or at least con-
planation. I hope that my conception of swf ' ,at such conclusion v
your meaning is erroneous; but if it be and that you were of the in
', not, and ybur meaning be such as I sup
poc, I must lx permitted, to express my
.surprise, at! the misapprehension, whieh, I
feel confident, it 'will be in my power!: to
correct by the most decisive proof, drawn
: from tho public documents and the. cor
respondence between 31r. Monroe and
yourself, grbwing out of the decision (of
you acted, j But I must be permitted tol guise as to the construction ol yourordirs,
say, that the construction of the former is 1 will now proceed to state the part winch
in strict conformity with my intention in 1 took in the deliberations of the cabinet,
drawing up ,the orders ; and that,, if j ihey My statement will be confined strictly to
oe suscepuuie oi a oiiierent construction, myseii, as i uo not leei injstii jubuueu iu
it was far from being my intention they speak of the course of the other members
should be. 1 did not then suppose;-: nor ol the administration ; and, in lact, only
have I ever,-that it was in the powejr.of of my own in self-defence, under the ex-
the President, under the Constitution, Uo traordinary circumstances connected with
order the occupation of the posts of a na- tins correspondence,
tiou with whom we were not at war ; (what- And Jiere 1 must premise that the cb-
ever might be thc right of the General tin- jeet of a cabinet council is pot bring to-
der the law ;of nations, to attack ni j ne- gether opinioiis already foniTtd," but to
my sheltered under. the posts of a; neutral! torm opinions on the course wlich the uo-
erument ouiiht to pursue, afer lull and
C7 A .
mature deliberation.
r , mi : i. i T , uuwci ,i aiiu iiau & uccii unccitru uv i me I
uiuiit;. i jl iiu view latveu oi ;ims suu cci ,'. i i !". .. . i i-i " n "V ".."ji
'' . u.: I'resiaeiu, xo issue ' suco oraer, i .siioum maiuru ueiioerauon. iueeuii; min- r CmxvfnrA tA 1 Itn.l . kv
from tlie extract of yiur letter, of the 7th ve been rptra.ned from xomplpng-by nt the list object .s a free '"change ol cen,ly opposed. anJ opposed to many of
December, 1618, above reterredao. ttehigher,thonijr of the Cons rtujion senU.no nt, ,n 1, ch doubt. fnd dnccuunt 1lcds Wlth wnora , had ,m 1C
Afl'M , I . iiv".Aittt 8u.u lusupui i. ; mum,'i.i uuu u.-.--. been associated. In this new state of
nci buii iuu ciiiu;ucuiic.piuui as 11 j j, discuss the question, whether the order 1 conceive, the duty ol the meinoers urns .1
ctttiia tu ilJC, UI WC VICir Ul IUC UAtUUtlll-, I tn Ucnornl limnoa in iihitinn nm rrm ,(. In nrPCfnt tlinir r mihTS nnH OOlPCIinns.
I had a right as I supposed, i to conclude tacking the iSpanishpbsts,(a copy of which and to support them by ofiering fully all
that you long since knew that the admin- was sent to you,) was in tact, and accor- of the arguments in their power, but at
istration, and myself in particular, were ding to military usage, an order 'tblyou, the same time to take care not to form an
of the jpinion that the orders; under which and 0f course obligatory until J-rescinded, opinion till all the facts ajud viewsarc ful-
you acted did not authorize you to occu- Such, certainly Was my opinion. 1 1 know ly brought out, and every doubt and ob-
that yours vas different. Yod acted on jection carefully weighed.. In this spirit
your construction, believing it io be right; I Came. into the meeting. "The questions
was erroneous, andt in pursuing the course which I thave involved were numerous and important:
impression, till done. I claim an euuaf risrht to action the whether vou had transcended yourorders:
construction which I conceived to'pej cor- if so, what course ought to be adopted ;
rect, knowing it to conform to tny! ititen- what was the' conduct of Spain and her
tions in issuinsr the orders. Buti in: wai- officers in Florida ; what was the state of
ended to authorize yon to occupy vme now llie true construction of the or- our relations with fepain. and. through
ders, 1 wish it however to be ,uhflerstood, her, with flic other European powers a
it is only because 1 do not think it hresen- question, at that time, of uncommon com- ..i. cniiut.oi.nrlilr.
. . . ; . . a ....... . . , L. . . . - ... ... ... . . w . . ..... - . . - - -.v.
UJ JUUIi 'euer, auu noi. oeciiiit. ;uu v iniutinuii uuu uiuiuunjr. x tjuceuuiia . e yyxrnwnn the DrOCCedmCS til the
the hrst instance in our country, but one
of a very few instances to be found in any
country, or any age, that an individual
has felt absolved from the high obligation
which honor and ciuty impose on one sit
uated a9 he was. - It is uot, however, my
intention to comment on the morality of
his disclosure ;that more immediately con
cerns himself; and 1 leave him undistur
bed to establish his own rules of hotior
and fidelity, in order to procee d to the ex
amination of a question in which 1 am
more immediately concerned the truth
of his aimlorv.
1 desire not to speak hdrshly of Mr.
Crawford. I sincerely commrscrntc his
misfortune. I may be warm in political
contests, but it is not in me to retain en
mity, particularly towards thc .unsuccess
ful. In the political contest which crdr
ed in ltiio, Mr. Crawford and rrivKlf took
opposite, sides, but whatever feelings of
unkifidness it gave rise to have long tincc
passed away on my "part. The contest
ended in an entire change of thc political
elements of the country; and, in the ievr
state of things which followed, I found
myself acting with many of the friends of
re-
. w r 1 ..v,. j. w
py the Spanish posts ; but I now infer
from your letter, to which this is in an-
you received Mr. Crawford's letter, that I
concurred in the opposite construction,
which. you gave to your orders, that they
were inter
the posts. You rely for this impression,
as 1 understand you, on certain general
expressions in ray letter to uovernor liibb,
of Alabama, of the 13th !of Mav, 1818, in
which ! stated that VGeneral Jackson is
gs, my inclination, my regard for his
friends who were acting with me, and thc
success of the cau.e for which we were
jointly contending, all contributed to re
move from my bosom every feeling to
wards him, save that of pity for his mis
fortune. I would not speak a hartb word,
if I fwmtrt fii-riirf it arid it ie n roiikii rt'
pain to me that thc extraordinary position
in which he has placed me, compels me,
in self-defence, to say any thing which
must, in its consequence, bear on his char
acter. ..
1 speak in this spirit when I assert, as
I do, that his apology has no foundation
in truth. He offers no reason for char-
uct
an
as
now, or ever had, the least doubt f . the
correctness of the opinion which! I enter-
thn r.ahinpt on" tho SRtninnlp nflfnir wtiink
passed through my hands at the time, and ed PthfuH Pff to:.cOnducrthe war tain. I have always been prepared dis- Lfbre1
whicti I now have his permission to usel
as explanatory of my opinion, as well as
his, and the other members of his admin-
istratioiK To save you the trouble of tur
ning to the file of your correspondence,
T'l ' i i ' . . r l : i
i nave enciosca extracts irom ine letters.
in the manner be shall judge best," and cuss it on friendly terms with youfas ap-J med'; and never, did 1 sec a deliberation
had all to be carefully examined and weigh- Labjnet, and that for the purpose of inju
ed.both setrarately and in connexionrbc- L: Arnv .c;m.c in ii,,.
re a filial opinion could be wisely for- trat,0n. The charcc rests wholly on his
also ihimy letter of the 6th February,
1818J in answer to yours of the 20th Jan
uary of the same year, iri which ! acquain
ted you "with the entire j approbation of
tne rresiaeni oi an tne measures you naa
pears by the extracts from Mr. Mo'rtroe'sl ni which every point was more
i be ration suspicion, to which 1 oppose my positive
carefully Lcgcnion that it is wholly unfounded. 1
which clearly prove that the decision of adopted to terminate the rupture with the
r.oKinv:. u ;f Vi,o rtnV Seminole Indians, j i . -
corrcspopdence, and more recently by my examined, or a greater solicitude duplay- naj no kpowlcdne of the letter, or con-
the otrth April, .1623 ' cov- ed to arrive at a correct decision. 1 was ncxion wjti, it ; nor do 1 recollect that I
charge1
men
't did not aiithorize the occupation of St.
: Clark's and Pensacola, was early and ful
ly made known to you, and that I, in par-
.- ticuiar, concurred in the decision.
I will not reason the ooint. that a letter
to Governor Bibbjwhich was not commu
nicatee! to you, which bears date long af
ter you had occupied St. Mark's, and sub
Mr. Monroes letter of the 19th July, sequent to the time you! had determined
1818, the first of the series, and written to occupy Pensacola, (see your letter of
immediately after the decision of the ca
binet, and from which 1 have. given a co
pious c.iaLi, cuiers iuny mto the views
taken by the Executive of the whole sub-
iect. In (your reply of the 19th of Au
gust, 181B, you object to the construction
which the administration had placed j on
vour orders, and you assign your rpann
at large, Why you conceived (that the or- letter, it was my opinion that the orders
'' ' - " . - : ! under which you did act were intended to
an extract, ifrom a private correspondence between
' Mr. Monroe and Cehcral Jacksou ia the Seminole
campaign.
June 2d, 1818, to me, published with the
Seminole documents,) could give you au
thority to occupy those posls. I know,
that, In quoting the letters, you could not
intend such absurdity, to authorize such
an inference; and I must therefore conclude
that ft was your iiffention by the extract
to show, that, at tne time ot writing the
authorize the occupation of the Spanish
Nothing could have been more
thc
i remote from mv intention in
wnting
letter to you of
ering a copy of a letter of Mcijoij H.fLee, the junior member of the cabinet, and bad
in which 1 decline a correspondence thai been but a few months in the administra
he had requested on the subject ' of the tion. As Secretary of War, I was more
construction ot your oraers. in, ray letter lmmeaiateiy .count cteu witn tne questions
to Major Lee, I stated, that, "asf yofl re- whether you had transcended your orders,
fer to the public documents only! fojr the and, if so, what course ought to be pur-
construction which tne executive gave to sued, l was oi the impression that you
ever saw the extract. But " whv
I . t 1 1 41
me, anu uui jxx. uins 1 1 i naa
been but a few months iu the administra
tion, and Jlr. Crawford and myself .were
on the best terms, without a fci ling, crjr
taxnly "on my part, of rivalry or jealousy. ,
in assigning the motive that he dots for
be not
tives.
transcended
JCU auiwuaua uor joux y ne says ithadthec
Believing that where orders were Ix-came friendly to
uded, investigation, as a matter of imica, tQ hhn n
me, and extreme ly in-
I . m. 1
cocs iiui itintrcDcr
with sumcieni uisunciuess in ine course, oucni to iouow. as due in ,nn .... 1,, .
President s correspondence with him, to the Government and the officer, unless .his . . . vrrv Ai(rnt nr,m
cheerfully give, as one of the mem- there be strong reasons to the contrary, 1 -,. tin tnU could not ht.
r. m -
an error, and if the construction vl
i . . j. i i i i
administration gave to tne oruer :
stated
then
1 will
. w - i i .'it. i ... . . . i
bers otthe administration, my. ofA news came to the meeting under the impression tcJ that a copv of his letter would be
iuny in reianun iu mc oiucjs, u ii.oe ue- uiai ine usual course OUgni to uc jmisutu
sired by General Jackson ; but i ys only in this case, which I supported by prcsen- Aepiiietd wouM proUblj be ranre oorr!,
withliim, and athis desire, thi under ting fully and freely all the arguments least as anJbc to one meruLcr cf ilm t-!i..
existing circumstances, I should ; feel 'my- that occurred to me. They were met ' by cc
self justified in corresponding oh i this or other arguments, gro -ing out of a more "f1 V5 ."tva inilmtuv: xly.
JlL I.. . ' .j i i ? . -'7 ufl-. . Sir. Adams had lhe least fonn.-iKmwi'b U tfi4.r.
any omer suujei tuimixitu un jnjs puu- cuiargeu view oi ine siwjci,i, uuuuccieu 1 1 bejicve bim t) be otleilv jciapiUe el'ich 1
nc conduct : to wnicn i aqaea, my lex-1 wnn tne conduct oi spam anu ucromccrs, nf.
, !i r t
j -
5