A
l.i-
(DADSGDILnMA
ANB WEB f E
ABY.E1TISE1.
VOLUME IL
RtiTHERFORDTON, SATURDAY EVENING MARCH 26, 1831.
NXJ3IBER 6.
MaDm
mm
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POLITICAL.
CORESPONDENCE, &c.
(Continued from page 18?)
APPENDIX. i
(General Jackson to Mr. Monroe.
. V Nashville, August 19, 1818.
&m, ; Your letter of the 19th July, ap
prising hie of the course to be 'pursuecj in
relation to the Floridas, has been received.
In ff'futurc. communication, it lis my in
tention to submit my views of all the ques
tions springing from the subject, with the
fulness and candor which 'the importance
of the topic, and the part I have acted in
it demand. At present I will confine my
self to the consideration of a part of your
letter, which has a particular bearing on
myself, and which seems to have origina-
ted in a misconception of the j import of
the order under which I have commenced
the Seminole campaign. In making this
examination, I will make use of all the
freedom which is courted by your letter,
and which I deem necessary tol afford you
a clear view of the construction that was
given to the order, and the motives under
which I proceed to execute its intentions.
It is stated in the second paragraph
your letter, that 1 transcended the limits of
my order, and that I acted on my own re
sponsibility
To these two points I mean at present
to confine myself. But, before entering
r ; ( m i - ! .. ..
astlv, it mentions that "he was instruct- !
edfto penetrate the Seminole towns . thro'
the FJondas, provided the strength of his.
command at Arfelia would justify his en
gaging in offensive operations. The prin
ciple defermiriirk the weight of referen-
Lbes, in subsequent orders, to instructions
previously given, is! well settled. . Such
references are usually made with one of
these two intentions either the ! order is
given to a secord officer, j to effect a cer
tain purpose wjich was intended to be ef-
ectedby another officer, and the instruc
tions of the first are referred to as the guide
of the second ; or the order contains and
is designed for an extension of authority,
and only refers to anterior communica
tions to give a full view of what has been
previously attempted and performed. In
the first case it is always necessary to con
nect the different orders by a specific pro
vision, that no" doubt may exist as to the
extent of the" command ; and thus the sev
eral requisitions and instructions are-a
malgarsated, and the limits of ?the agent
plainly and. securely established. In the
second, 'no such provision is necessary
I was sorry to find that you understood
your instructions relative to operations in
h lorida differently tiom what we intend
ed. I was satisfied. however, that vou
had good reason for i your conduct, and
have acted in all thmrs on .that principle.
By supposing that yoi understood them
for
anjentire discretion in the choice and
usej of rieans being previously vested, the
reference if there be any, is only descrip
tive ot the powers antecedently given, and
the results of measures attempted under
such specihcal limitation, f , But admitting,
K.
. James Monroe to John C. Calhoun.
Oak Hill, May 19, 1830
Dear Sir : I have received your lettd
of the 17th, and hasten to answer it.
well remember, that when 1 received tl
letter from Gen. J. to which tou allude d
as we did, I concluded that ydu proceed- the 16th of January, 1819, 1 was sickJ
ed on your; own responsibility alone, in
which, knowing the pfinty of your motives,
have done all that I could to justify the
measure.! I well know, also, the 'miscon
duct 6f the; Spanish; authorities tin, that
quarter, not ot recent date only. . i
I.indmg That you'Jiad a different view
of your power, it only remains' to - do jus
tice to you on that giound. Nothing can
be further from my-intention than to exr
pose you to a responsibility, in any sense,
which, you did not conlem)lat;
The best course to be pujued seems to
me to be! for you to write -t letter to the
Department, in which youwill state, that.
bed, and could not read it. You were c
ther present, or came in immediately afte
wards, and I handed it to tou for perusd
After reading it, you replaced it, with a rj
mark that it would require an answer ; It
without any notice or its contents. 311
Crawford came in soon afterwards, and! j
handed it also to him for perusal. Ill
and am speaking merely from memory.
But still I think, that if such a letter bad
been produced and read in my presence,
I should have retained some rrcollectioa
of it ; whereas, it strikes me, in the descrip
tion, as a thing perfectly new and of which
I nercf heard before. In the close of tho
cxtact, the writer says: "After that let
ter was produced, I should have opposed
the infliction of punishment upon the gen-,
eral, who had considered the tilenco
of the President as a tacit consent I
hare no recolWtion that vvmithvunt ' had
been proposed by any one, unless an en
quiry into the official conduct of the gen
eral enti he regarded as vunishmtnt. It
, . . m . . .
read it and returned it in like manncl strikes tnr. too. that if that letter had been
without making anycomment'on its conV prodaced,nnd Mr. Crawford had placed
tents, further than that it related to the his implied change of opinion on the "in
Seminole war, or something to that effect, fercnecs of acouiesence which he soppo
I never showed it to any other person, and gcd the gcrjeral was authorized to draw
I am not certain whether it was he or yon from the President's silence, it could not
who observed that it related to the Semi- have escaped observation, and such a dls-
having reason to think thcJ a difference of ll0e war HaiDg made all the arrangc-t cussion as would have tended to have fix-,
opinion existed between yli .and the Ex- ments respecting that war, and being ed the occurrence on my memory, that
ecutive, relative to the exttit of your pow-. some t"ne confined by indisposition, the the general "had not asked the President
ers, you thought it due to ywirself to state lcttcr was laid aside and forgotten by me, for an acquiescence to be inferred from ti-
your view ot them, and n -Which you
acted. This will be answred, so as to
explain ours, in a friendlyinanner by Mr.
Calhoun who has very jut and liberal
sentiments on the subject, i Thi3: will be
andl never read ituutilaftertheconclusion lencc, but for a positive hint of bis'appro
ofthc war, and then I did it on an intiraa- bation thro' "some confidential member
tion from you that it required attention, f Congress, say Johnny Ray"- , Upon
You ask whether that letter. was before the whole, Sir, if these things did, really
the cabinet ln'the deliberation on the des- occur in mr presence, I can only say that
necessarv in the case of a tail for naners I patches received from the General, coni-1 they have left not the slightest trace on my
that, in inv order of Dec. 26, 1817. there by Congress, as mav be. thus we shall municating the, result of that war, or allu- memory. - ;
is uch pL reference as I contemplated in all stand on'tfre ground of bnor, each do- ded t0 by any member in the administra-1 I remain very respectfully.
.u. XI A 1 1 " L . IV. i I tinn !Ir imnrnooirtn HawlnHln i a (hot tt I
mtj urs uuse, anow me io examine us liigjusiiceto me oiner ,wnici is tne ground
character and amount. It is stated that on which we wish to.placebach other.
"ordershave been given'to Gen., Gaines, I hope that your healthy is improved,
(copies of 'which will be furnished you,)" and Mrs. Monroe unites h" her pest re
but withput affirming that they are to be spects to Ms. Jackson. K" .
considered as binding on me, or in any way With great respect and siicere jregard,
conpeciea wun tne comprenensive com i am dear sir, yours l
mand thtt I should terminate the Semin
ole conflict. , On the contrary, so far are
they frojn being designated as my guide
and limits in entering Florida, that in sta
ting tlnir substance in the ensuing sen
tence, ho allusion whatever is made either
Major Ges. A
JAMES MONROE.
Jacksox, Nashville Tennessee.
on a proof of their applicability to my acts to an or limitation.
in Florida, allow me fairly to state,' that ;How,vthen, can it be said with propri
thc assumption of responsibility will never ety that I have transcended the limits of my
be shrunk from when the public can there- orfers ? acted on V oun responsibility I
by be promoted. I have
difficulties and exposures
and benefit of ray country
George M'Duffie to Mr. Calhoun, i
1 i y. Washington, May 14, 1830.
Dear Sir: In answer to the-inquiries
contained in your note of this jmoming,:!
submit the following statement! I very
distinctly recollect to have hfeard Mr.
Dassed throiijrh llxJ o" was as comprenensive as it couia . . 7
fS iheonor: beV andjcontained neither the minute ori- m conversation, with Eldred 9mpk.ns
ior tne nonor . ;MSrilpt:i rQ r - fnntUa Esq. relativejto the proceedings of GenM
; ana wnenever r , vi . ' iw wtii'3
still, for this purpose, it shall become ne
cessary to assume a further; liability no"
scruple will be urged or felt. But' when
it shall be required of me to do so, and the
result be danger and injury to that coun
try, the inducement WilliDe lost, and my
consent will be wanting. - ''
; This principle is held to be incontrover
tible, that an oxder, generally, to perform
a certain service, or effect a certain object,
without any specification of the means to
be adopted, or limits to govern the execu
tive officer, leaves an entire discretion with
previouuy given, to guide and govern me.
The fullest discretion was left with me in
the selection and. application of the means
to effect the specifical legitimate objects
of the campaign ; and for the exercise of
a sound discretion on principles of policy
am J alone responsible. But allow me to
repeat, that responsiblity is -not feared by
me, if the general good requires its assump
tion. I never shrunk from it, and never
will ; but against its imposition on me
contrary to principle, and without the pros
pect of any politic result, I must contend
with all the . feelings of a soldier and a "cit-
lzen. I5eing advised that you are at your
I expect
Jackson in the Seminole war, and; to the
course pursued by the cabinet,' touching
those proceedings. Mr. CrawTorQ spoktr
without any kind of reserve as td' the re
spective parts taken by the different mem
bers of the cabinet while ihe subject was
under deliberation, lie stated mat . you
had been in favor of inquiry into the cori-
tion. My impression decidedly is, that it
was not before the cabinet, nor do I re
collect or think that it was alluded to in
the deliberation on the subject. ITad it
been, I could not, I presume, have forgot
ten it. I received the despatches referred
to here, and had made up my mind before
I left home as io the parti ought to take
in reference to its manngement, especial
ly if I should be supported in the opinion
formed by the administration. That sup-1
port was afforded it, and I pursued the
course which, my judgement dictated, with
a view to the honor and interest of my
country, and the honor of the General who !
commanded, j ;
. With sincere regard,
r T .' vn I am, dear, Sir,.yours,
, - JAMES MONROE.
Hon. J. C. Calhoun.
the officer as to the choice and application
ot :-.thc means, but preserves the responsi-nirv JinrA S T Jt country, and ; forestalling public opinion,
biUtyforhis.actson, the authority from this readl y0Ut ! er.lose you a Copy thus antici pating the administraUbn. On
which the order emanated. .Under such ofithe.order to me of the 26th December, llf ?0int he remarked, that ,f the admin
an order all the acts of the inferior are acts iQ'i-y Lij- ' : ru -.j4 c r- ' i istration could not give direction to public
r ! i r j . r i opinion, but permitted a military oflicer,
, Gaines therein referred to ; from perusal fc . J orf ' a5ticipat;
oi wiucn you win perceive xnai ine oruer
to me has no reference to those prohibito
ry orders to Gen. Gaines that you have re
ferred to. i .
It will afford me pleasumto aid the go-
ivernment in procuring any testimony that
of the superior ; and in no way can the
subordinate officer bq impeached for his
measures, except on the score of deficien
cy in judgment and skill. It is also a
-grammatical truth, that the limits of such
an order cannot be transcended without an
entire desertion of the objects it contem
plated ; for as long as the main legitimate
aesign is Kept in view, tne pone
measures adopted to accomplish
? to be considered. If these be adopted as
the proper rules of construction, and we
apply them to my order of Dec.' 26, 1817,
it will be at once seen,, that, both in de
scription and operative principle, they
Your obedient servant.
WM. WIRT.
The Hon. Jonw C. Caliiouk, ,
Vice President U. S.
O.
, John Q. Adams to J. C. Calhcun,
Washington, Jin. 14, 1531
Sir: I received this morning your let
ter of the 12th i instant, and, in giving to it
an immediate and explicit answer; 1 trust
you will perceive the propriety of my con
fining myself to the direct object of your
inquiries.
In the course of the last iummer, I re
ceived a letter from Mr. Crawford, refer
ring to the consultations of Mr. Monroe
with the Heads of the Departments, in
the summer of 1813, upon the proceedings
of Gen. Jackson in Florida, on the occa
sion of the Seminole war, and alluding to a
letter from Gen. Jackson to Mr. Monroe,
which he stated to have been produced at
one of those meetings, and to which his
own letter appeared to attach some impor
tance.
Mr. Crawford did not state to me tho
purpose of his inquiries, nor was I awaro
duct of Gen. 'Jackson, anfl that he wasthe cabinet, in the'summer of 1818, on tie that any previous correspondence . in rc
only member in the cabindt that concurred Seminole war. j" I wish you also to state, lation to the subject had taken place.
with you. He spoke in strong terms of : whether a private letter from General But as the contents of his lener appeared
disapprobation of the course pursued by Jackson to Mr. Monroe, such as is dis- to me to be of peculiar interest to the char
Gen. Jackson, not only : in his military covered in the enclosed extract of a letter acter of Mr. Monroe, I answered him that
proceedings,ibut in prematurely bringing from Mr. Qrawford to Mr. Forsy lb, was I had no recollection of the production of
the croundsi of his defence hefore the before the cabinet during the deliberation, UCh a letter as that to which he referred.
. ---- -- i .. - ... -..
or whether any allusion was made to any i an(i requested his permission to , commu-
letter of that description
"With sincere regard, I am, &c. &C.
J.C.CALHOUN.
' Hon. Mr. Wirt.
L.
John XT. Calhoun to Mr. ' Wirt.
N Washington, May 28, 1830.
Dear Sir : Circumstances which I nerd
not explain render it necessary for me, in
self-defence, to call on you" for a state
ment of ray course in the meeting of the
orders,' to anticipat
them, they had no business to be at Wash
ington J and had better return home. I al
so remember jthat the National Intelligen
cer, which was lying on the' sofa where
Mr. Crawford was sitting,, contained an
article explanatory ot the grounds upon
' f M. 1
Mr. Wirt to Mr. Cklhoun.
ir TvT,:JMav!3 ian
nicate his letter to Mr. Monroe himself.
To this answer 1 have receive no reply.
Neither the letter of Mr. Crawford, nor
the lcttcr-bookicontaining the copy of my
answer to it, arc at this moment in my
possession, having left them both at ray
residence in Quincy. The letter from
Mr. Crawford did not purport to b con
fidential; but, as it related to transactions
sacredly confidential in the cabinet of Mr,
policy, of the Kn? which the administration had : proceeded
v. . the officers of Spam to the, United States, . i r tbi.b. ,;i,;'t
?I.sh it .s alone , SUDDOSe(1Fthat eridence furnished m WJW?T
ipposed
hed established that fact that the officers
of Spain had identified i themselves with
our enemy, and that St. Mark's and Pen-
sacola were under the complete controul
ofithe Indians, although the Governor of
embrace that prder exactly. Therequisi- tJi ' -4 1 v j c?.ar.u
!nc. Af ." C 1 J j. I X CIlS i ill IcctBl 11 UU lUIVC BUlJlUlCill III licit C
iiiuus ui mv uiuu iticiui me cuuiiuauuing
General'- to- assume $Khe immediate com
mand at Fort Scotf, toconcentra.te all the
contiguous and disposable force of the di
' vision on that quarter, to call on the exec
utives of adjacent States for an auxiliary
militia force, and concludes with this com
prehensive command : "With this view
you may be prepared to concentrate your
Dear Sir : Your lettir of yesterday
relates to a meeting of th cabinet in the
summer of 1818, rclatWtothe Seminole I Monroe, I have not thonght toy self at lib-
war. I should not feel myself at l iberty crty to furnish n copy of it without his per-
to disclose the procecdmg of any cabinet mission, even to Mr. Monroe : the. tamo
meeting without the concurrence of the principle applies to your request for a copy;
President and of all the members who at- but I will immediately write and direct a
principle of the law of nations, if I mistake tended it; but as your inquiry relates to 1 copy of my answer to be made, which.
not, which went to show that a neutral your own course, only, and l can speak when received, shall be chcenully commu
territorycould only be .invaded in fresh I of that without involving any one else, II nicatcd toyou. - ' ' :. .
pursuit of an enemy, and added, "Mr. Ad-1 see no impropriety in doing so at your re-l 1 am, with respectful consideration, nry
ments.! Wr. Urawiord adverted to some
part of the article, which laid! down the
controlled the Indians, had he chosen to
have used it in that way. For the pur
pose of procuring the necessary evidence
of the tiostile acts of the Governor of ren-
sacola, I despatched Capt. Youngs topo
graphical engineer, and as soon as obtain
ed! shall be furnished vou. 'I trust, on a
ams denies all that." He represented Ir. quest. Among other ideas thrown out for
Adams as going much further in justifying j consideration,' according to tue usual
Gen. Jackson than even Mri; Monroe, course of cabinet consultations, I think
stating that the latter was induced to pass I that.Jat the first meeting, you suggested
j over the conduct of Gen. Jackson without the propriety of an inquiry into the- con-
public censure, not irom a Deligt uiat he duct ot the cnmmanomg general, Dut l re
I had not violated his orders and exceeded member that the course ultimately adop-
i his Dower, hut from political considera- ted had vour heartv concurrence : and I
Your obbdient servant.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
John C. Calhoun, Esq.? ;
viewof all my commumcat with our relations with remember it the more distinctly because
forces, and adopt the necessary measures U i .n;nr aj a nn fePain-
. . r ri' . 1 ' , l I viauaUCUl J a" u wav mci uu
I n turmmita o n4Iir ivntnh it has ovn. 1 ' " , i f
IU Lt'l llllll.'IIP 4 I'llllllll .1- IV IIII'.Il L iii. r-v'i i. i j t
i " r I hon iho rnncttiirTinri ! rnn . harp nrivpri
been theesire ofthe pred them. They Vere written under bad
tives of humanity, to avoid, but which is inu t fatigue 'and in hastn. Mv
now made necessary by.their settled hQs- YQfQ niesV I labor under great
tJvi . j.uii: .r
I ooany acumij .
Your obedient servant,
GEO. McDUFFIE.
yob mentioned it repeatedly to me after
wards, as a . striking evidence of the prac
tical wisdom of the President, who sug
gested it. Thus much I feel myself au-
MR. CARSON'S SPEECH,
On the amendment proposed by Mr. Stan
berry to ihe general appropriation bill,
to strike cut 9.000, as compensation to
the Minister to Russia.
Mr. Carson rose and said: I am decnly
sensible, 3Ir. Speaker, of ,the obligation
I am under to the House for its kind in-
ANDREW JACKSON.
James Monroe, President U. S.
J. ;
John C. Calhoun to James Monroe. thorized by the call to say of those delib- dulgence and great liberality manifested.
j j Washift.on,May47th, 1830, erations. The circumstances mentioned by lis course of action, by which I am per-.
Ff n Sir i It has become iamortant to :n oti-ot n onn1c rnmnn tn mited to proceed in this debate.9 The ,
Accept assuranesbf my sincere regard me, in ! consequence of a recent circum- kp nn "rTtrart of n lettpr from W. H. best return 1 can possibly make, Uto trcs-
and esteem ; and am, respectfully, your stance, to ascertain whether General Jack- rrnwford. V.n. to J. Vnnxth dated pass for as short a time as pottible upoa
most obedient servant, son's letter to vou ofthe Ibth of Jan;.18- Arll !in- iRfn " r.r4nW r t. in mv their patience. whichaDocars already wea-
T . 1 wvt - uw piuw I - - r . 4 r " .
io l mean tne one in wuicu aiiusion is recollection.- i The letter ' from General
made to Mr. J. Rea was seen, when re- Jackson to President Monroe, therein
ceived by an one except myself, and, if it mentioned, is entirely new .to me. Ac-
- 1 Um T Trill tfionlr Vmi ' in I 1- .1 1 . . ! ' . 1 nt. I
Mr: Monroe to Gen. Jackson. . "iAr 3 Ja W.V" coro uie aescripuon; oi
Washington, October 20, 1318. "J ,7 j i ' gn oi n m me extract, u is u
DuAaSia: I received your letter of Whether the letter above alluded to was Lingular a character, that, if it had been
u' ioi, r Aumict xvh T Ten: nt hnrr,A Detore tne caoinei, or was auuaea io Dy exhibited at anv meetinff at wtucn i was
LUC .7 LI ft UI uuHyt uuv A .w . I . t .1 . ... I J C . m I .
take the command, and directing him to ori mv farm in Albemarle ; and there ap- J U1 Iu,rr B' P present, l invuc that I couiu Duiu.,Vut- . . . Utxe fcT
I . i . ' . i tirwn rm thA Npminn R Hiiair. . r - 1 mi. - K nin in - ... i.-l
guueu iu jl lie occurrcuv - ' " 1 the orurinil motion lo be wiuxinwri ; wwai
tility.
In no part of this document I is there a
reference to any previous order, either to
myself or another officer, with a view to
point to me the measures thought advisa
ble, or the limitataf my power in choosing
and efiVcting them. -It states that Gen'rl
Gaines, has been ordered to Amelia islapd,
and then proceeds to inform me that sub
sequent orders have been given to Gener
al Gaines, (of which copies will be furnish
ed you,) that you would be directed, to
Mr. Blir, of Sooth CwoCm. demmaded tbe
pretioiu qoettion, vrhich pnci at&iz. r. .
Camnn innMU tn him to wilhdrrw tM mota
for the rxLTDOM of enblifl him lodxxxa the tub--
ject fuithir. lit. B. Tbe wrous qoe-
i twn ru seeooded ; . ?T CK1 DO"BRJ
, the prevkm qaH&S"a iy Jtzn and wyt .
thi. rmf tho naMUOa Itwu utwre ujd nuuw ivt w
XtlB pua uiv iciik'ua vjui-'"
re-assuro, should lie de the public in- pearing to be no necessity for giving it an tl0n 011 Xce ngd
r. . '
terest to require it, the comtnand of Fort immediate answer, I delayed it until my
Scott, until you should arrive tnere. I return here.
With since regard, I aim, &e ire.
I J.C.CALHOUN.
James Monkoe. ' v
taken place twelve years ago. 1 kept no I done t,T irotkman fnun Sonth CaroUca, (Mr.
notes in writing of those ae:iDerauons,i Blair,) oa.Nraralca'" w