North Carolina Newspapers

... ..' ... 'i, a. Jilt V: . AAl' A--A A 1 .--- I 'a 1 ? ; " ; : " .. aA'..aa r. a'.'a attA;: aw, - -- .... . PttlNTED AND PUBLISHED, BY LEMUEL BINGHAM, AT SALISBURY, ROWAN -CpUNTYj N. VOU III, NO. i 1 7 N"f Series 7" TUESDAY, AZGUST io, 1830. WHOLE NO. 297. VOL. VI. A . -v- a f - 1U f WWMi8 r - -k- TERMS. ..The Journal w-,n be afforded to ubscribea at $7 50 year, or $2 in advance. No pipff 'will b discontinued, unless st thr discretion if the editor; until all arrearages ar. A4vertis.4ien Will be inserted at the usual fates. i-esoni sending' in advertisements, are 1 Nuested tenoto on: the margin the number of insertions, vthey will . e continued until forbid - and charge accordingly. SPEifcn of ji r.Davis. HOUSE OIRSPREaENrAriVES M.i 4. ' f CONTINUED. 3 The gentleman from South Carolina, Toeing aware that these objections are not easi? surmounted, seems to have discarded the old theory as false, ami has intnduced a doctrine new in many of its fat u res and consequences. I, foi the first time, saw the substance of it in a document from his State, railed " An Sxpositioii and Protest," which mauUd from .. the- Legislature, and which. I read with too much haste to remember with great accuracy. The theory is strenuously maintained, that duties are taxes, although goods are made cheaper under their operation ; nd to carry the doctrine out, it is as sorted that the old idea that the consu mer pays the tax, is founded in mistake, for it is the producer that bears the buruVn. Exports, says the gentleman, pay the duties on imports, and as mer chants and factors are mere agents, the planter is the exporter of cotton, tobac- ports, he savs, consist of these articles. The imports, he adds, are purchased them are paid for in these articles ; and as the exporter pays the duty, it follows that the planters pay two thirds of the whole revenue ; that is, sixteen mil lions of dollars out of twenty four mil lions, which is about the annua la mount of revenue. This burden, he says, falls on less than three millions of popula tioa, while the remaining nine millions pay only eight millions of revenue be cause they export only to that a jpaount. ifil.oe true, if sixteen millions of revenue are drawn from the earnings 7 . of lest than three millions of our popu- 7 lation annually," T agree that the burdens .ere greatly disproportionate that the "South are grievously oppressed, and it ""iithefduty "ufttqa' Govern ment to afford immediate relief. But, sit", the very Statement itself strikes the ear as incred ible. Is it true ? Can it be true, that " less than three millions of persons pay . ' .ti. i .i i ? - ir- laif-tru uiiiiiuiis ui Bijiiuai ia i ii su. the planter has a business yielding ?uch a profit as our people, are. unacquainted with. I say, no people since the four dation of the earth, ever did bear such a fturden for a succession of years; and as the doctrine is at variance with all re seived notions, it ought to be sustained by strona: proofs, be I ore it gains cre- 3ence. The gentleman savs, it is self if"1"' evident ; but to my- dull 'apprehension it is far from being so ; and I regret that the evidence which makes it so clear to him, has not 'been more fully etated. I will, if the Committee will lend me their patience, endeavor to point out some of the obstacles, which must he surmounted to establish the doctrine To disembarrass the question, I shall follow 'th example" br;'lhe"cenllnl!in; fcy throwi ng out of the way the ma- eliinerv oL trade, and considering the planter" the xporterr---Suppose-tnt . lie ships a cargo of cotton for the En dish market, where it is sold. The the ory of tKegn' nia"nf7"lTiSrTiisrm'ul receive goods' in pay, for he cannot command specie, and if these goods are nubiectto a duty, when they arrive in this country, the amount paid at the custom house is a tax upon ' the cotton itself .as a raw material, and, the plan ter actuitlly loses it, as much as if excise.. were laid upon it, before it (thinned. ; and I understood' him toay and rencat, that it made no difference with the planter, whether the tax, as he called it, was imposed directly on the eotton io his hands before it was shij: ped, or on the goods, as it now is, the custom house. This doctrine, I -.v.. anolies to all imported goods th purchased, be they consumed by. whom they may. . , :'. Twill now state his reasons given i ail (his theorv. as l unuersiuuu - A . I a . -j u. munfanlhra them. r in England could raise the price of Ins manufactured articles, as duties are imposed, he would then throw the bur den on the consumer ; but l)e finds him self unable to do this, and7 turns round on hjs heel, 'and takes the amount out of the grower of the raw material. The manufacturer says, you must receive your pay in goods, of some sort or oth er, in our markets ; we cannot raise the price, and must take the duty out of the cotton ; and thus the price of the raw material is reduced, and the ear nings of the planter taen. from him. Being aware that the assent of the hol der of cotton is necessary to a bargain of this sort, the gentleman provided for that difficulty, by asserting, in unquali fied terms, that the purchaser is enabled to accomplish this end, because he con trols the market, - and establishes the terms 6n which he will buy. Now, lei us loot) a this proposition, and see what consequences must fol low, if it be well founded. The manu facturer i England control the mar ket, and assesses on the raw material hipped from this country whatever du ties may be collected at ,our custom houses, on any kind of goods tt.at may be purchased with' the avails. 1 it true, that the purchasers in the maiket control it ? Every man whto does bu siness, feels that the market is controll ed hy another and greater power ; ne f.-els that commodities are dear or cheap. according as the supply is greit or mall, and that it is the supply whict fixes the price, 'lAd not the will - of the i one ceot the pound a v Lel e. i to fix the price, and malfe such allow-1 nces and deductions aie pleases, for f uties imposed on English, manure-.; ures by our tariff, that power will en- ble him to deduct any other duties or j axes to which his business mav be sub-j joe ; rwl 0 y..rfft'ddiiet a I uty of six percent, upon cotton, which I imnosed in England, and paid into , tho tre mrf 'mt th liM i.t Hm - ( nn orfiaUta alt.vtJMW . aeeoi th"re provide for this with much greater1 fa- ' fore to follow, that our duties on Bri- ility, than for the duties on the van- ou kinds of goods, which are bought i with the avails of cotton, and exported to this country. " If he has the -power o provide for the one, he surelv has for the other. If the nlanter carries rice to the same market, it i subject io the s.mfc controlling influence, and the 3ulTeCwh)crrelhref" oHiirs and thir-- tv-three cents the hundred, may btrdc-' ducted from the value, and thrown up- on him in the san.e way. So also of tobacco, which pays a duty of three ttiim to state, iu the outi ; that exports-suit: If it he true, j ha been asser ed, shillings sterling on the pound, which I pay the duties on imports ; and to de-j that IhV lariffcausesa decline in the va is much more thai) the article is woMh, ducc as an inference from the fact, that lue of exports of forty-five per cent. : and consequently the -planter Would, upon this theory, lose his produce, and he brought into debt for the balance of the duty. This singular theory disclo ses a new principle ri finance, which ! mist come into h:&h estimation ; lor il the doctrine is well founded, a nation may so regulate its trade, as io draw all ts revenues Irom the foreign states will. which it deals. The next consequence which obvi ously results fron. this doctrine, is, that our tariff bears with te same torce up on ill foreign countries which bring cotton, rice,, and tobacco into the En glish market, as it does upon the South ern Slates. . , N The planter of the Sooth meets, as competitors-rn -ttoat market,- be plant of Brazil, the planter of Egypt, the planter of the East Indies,; and the nlanterof the V est -t mites-.- Ithe-tu- ties are taken out of the raw material, because of our Tariff, then there ought to M rdiscri ml riat i on 'Tii the pr iee of cot ton from different portions of the world : and it should bear a higher or a lower price according a the duties on manufactured. ar icles are higher or low er in the country from which it i-- brought. If, for example, the duties in Brazil on British merchandise are, hi teen per ee.it. and here they are fifty percent, then American cotton ouu'it to sell much lower than Ilrasitian. S if there be no duty on British'merchrt; (Use in her own colonies- of the East arid West Indies, then tho .difference ought to be still greafet. But no suet discrimination exists, ; for cotton of the same Quality . bears in the market the same price, from whatever country i may come ; and it follows,, that if . th tariff causes such a heavy loss on tl.. raw material to the planteriof the Uki I tod States, it .jem-esses the cottonvof '.V-. Brazil and Egypt in the' same ratio nay, it occasions the same disastrous con sequences to the colonies of England herself, for it levels all coAon to the same standard, ' Upon this principle, if Brazil were to run her duties on im ports above ours, her laws would at once bearttpon this country and reduce the price still lower. If then the plan ter of the South, as the gentleman says, is borne down and ground into the dust hy the tariff ? If he is -robbed of the fruits of his honest labour and driven to desperation, it produces the ants' per nicious effect upon the planters of other countries for they get the, same price and no more ; and that price is measur ed out and regulated by'uur tariff. This, I believe, is giving a wider scope to the operation of our Ivwa, and diffusing their power more broadly than has ever been imagined by the most enthusiastic opposer of the tariff. Mr. Mrlli nii mv to rxpUin, because he p. rtr . iv (I. lit- ii(t, thut the r-utlemn from Msltucli inteixlrd to mm-rr his argn-; me.it fairly. The grntUms il stated, that) cottnii ot Ihr same pnrr, oar from lvre it ....KhN .M.rethea.mepricr-.treed-i.utthrsou- tlu rii planier rect-ives oolnn which nr ' pays a duty of two hundred ami 6f'i per cent, whiie 111. planter of Brazil gH mida on which he navs o ly hfleen per cenl i that i the re a. ik. ;. .mmui Anmn i and t'.c.. ttxrianot. - - ' 1 Mr. Davis resumed, ! I shall consi- ; der thathy and by, Isaid, if the p- j sition of ftie gentleman well founded. he proves that our ta'iff bears on all cotton growing countries with the yame weight as on the -Souiftem iStatesvbe- MdisMys quality, come from it' mav. is 1 luties are de-! ducted from the raw m erial, and paid as the gentleman assert by the grow-1 er, because the purchaser controls the i market: then it is clear, that less would le deducted irom umzdian cotton than from ours, and there vjould be a dis- erjminatinn in the prnw a difference! in the value; but I liive shown that there s no tiinereuce. ana tne genue- tish mercnandise do ot regulate tne price of cotton and have litUe to do with it. Mr. McDirrtE again inter- posed to .-explain--Ijia-argument was ; ppl that.ihe raise his nrire. but that the American grriwer cmld-iiot l fear I do not ful-4 ly comprehend tne gentleman Irom Snitth ?,xmn, -I was endeav"" follow out his argument, and to show j some of the diflieurtits he must sur- j mount to maintain it, I understood the South paid into the Treasury two thirds ol the revenue ot tne uniieu Stall s, because the Cotton, rice and to-. alleged, in his repn on commerce, bacco raised and sent abroad by that ' that it gives to the Bi itish m. nufactu portion of the Union, constitutes two j rer a premium of Si 1 60i n every piece thirds ofthe exports." I understood of broadHoth worn- S2 the yard: the him also to declare, in the commence- ment ofnis speech, that the old notion, that the consumer of imported merchan dise pays the duties, by giving an in- creased pi ice for what he buy, was founded in mistake and misapprehen - sion. In connrmanon ol tnese oeciara - tions, I understood him to say, and re- peat, that it made no difference wheth- er cotton, rice, and tobacco, were taxed tothe amonnt of sixteen millions or. dollars in the hands of the growers, be- foietl.cy. were shipped, or Jlhl.u.m.lhere..'..l .... ,' was collected inn importml merchandise, houghY jn Tureign mart c t s wl t h thea- v.l of theas-iclesffi iKb iv hole Ins. fell on the nlanter. From the assumption of these grounds by the genllenian7tth5 inferring, that he meant to declare,, that the consumer did fioj pay the duty, hut the grower of the raw material did, fori I could not persuade myself into the belief that he meant to assert that less than three millionsol inhabitants con sumed forty millions worth or impor ted articles, while the remaining nine millions consumed only o the amount 01 tweniy-TOHiions. i ws ieo iu inis conclusion, because the gentleman said, that the manufacturer of England would throw the duty upon the consumer, by aising the price ofthe article on which the duty was imooied, if he could, but lie could not do it, because he could pot raise the price. Indeed, the whole ourse of his reasoning appeared to me in beTjased on the" h'pothesis, that the rice" of the t'aw material is reduced in ! te market by the tariff, and thus the J :Jti---.4r-.-i- " -.--.----' ' ' -. - -A " r" 'ff'Vjr - " - 'g' ...' '' ...'.... .T . . : ' . .A -;''. . 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C;.,AAA - - - ' - - a. -- .-..''...'. ... n , -f planter is aubjectetl to great loasv lam nqt able to comprehend how the aren ment can be explained upon any othr. supposition, than 'hat the price of tlv export Is reduced in the foreign markn in tl manner I have described ; for i thjsTbe not the case, I am at a loss to un der' and how the gentleman can mak'-t-Mn, that the South paid sixteen m l lions, or two-thirds of the annual reven ue, for if the burden be not forced upou thea in this manner, then theypaj ' a cousumers only t but Ihlgentleman lit repudiated this aa a false notion- II must be aware also, that the Tatio consumption and exportation is wid ly different ; fur admitting that less th three millions of our population furlns two-thirds of the exports, yet every bo ily knows that the whole N-ition ar consumers of impoits, and probably tl nine millions of persons who expn none ol the cotton, rice, and tobacco, are the greatest consumers of foreign merchandise, as they live in a col'ii i climate, and -have more wants. JJ-Ji ,HowjnB h,t they COflMIDr only am t . . . . J c qual quantity, the argument of the gen- ileman fads, in, instead of consuming forty millions out of ixtv, the Sout' j would tl en consume only fifteen mil- linnsout ol that smouot. i say, mere- fore, that the main proposition that the South pays two thirds ofhe revenue, because they grow two-thirds of the ex- ports, fal-s to the ground, unless it can be shown that they pay it in some oth er way than as consumers. But I will, for the present, dismiss noint out other obstacles, which must be surmounted in establishing the doc- trine which the gentleman appearen to contend for, and which is surely set up by the Exposition and Protest ot tne Laegislature ot his State. If the purchaser of raw 'cotton, and other exports in the 'English market, has the fiower imputed to him of con- trolling the market, in stiehar7mannertTOme other way. as to reduce the value of our exports forts -fi vener -cent as is . aHearetL-Jje-cause we collect forty-five, per cent, on imports in this country : if he can thus, at pleasure, cut down ' the value of our staples; then it follows, that he pockets the enormous profit f forty-fivepercent. on all the vast' consumption of cotton roods in the British dominions,' for on this conswmption -there is no apology lor reducing tne price oi ine raw wie- tanU. I he reiiuciion is io men imr; duties here, and here-only : but 'n reacV all cotton, it produces this re- 'and if it be true, as the gentleman Irom j - rew lorn, i.nr. i ijibikusb,) has ' law of 1828, which seems to be in bad odour in England, ought to be esteem ed by the people of that country as more precious and valuable than the de quisition of the mines of South Amen-1 j ca. let, wnn an ineir sagacity in l traue, iney are s Mupm , m these vast advantages, and actually complain of our policy as narrow, sell ish, and illiberal. I hey must be ei- ther short sighted, or they view nm matter differently from gentlemen Another objection to mis Kino ci reasoning is, that it utterly impractica- chandiseout of exports, and apply them in the way supposed. The whole scheme Tsfouri who exports the products of this country to foreign markets must receive his pay in merchandise. Without stopping to question the soundness ot this position. I will ask the attention ol the Lomrrut tee to one or two considerations, which will show that no such processof reduc tion in price can late place. A cargo of cotton is shipped to r.ugland. ni there sold to a manufacturer of that ma terial. The trade is not for goods, but for money, which is perhaps, to beex pended in merchandise ot fifty different kinds some subject to no duly, some to a low one, and some to a high one. , Now, Sir, can any thing ne plainer than that the purchaser enters intOno negocia- tion about those duties ; that he makes no term o pdrchase conforming to then ?. Can any thing be more obvious, thaoHhat it is a matter tf utter indiffer- -0 StlZi: ' 10 " ' '. '.r." va. .ATrg gyi nee with him how the avail are rx 'ended ? Can any thing be rooreap'a ttnt than that the manufacturers of voollens and silks', if the avails slmuldi e expended in these art ivies, "would ia respect be benefitted by this reserva .oi. of forty-five per cent. 13 flierpock t uf the purcliaser of the cotton ? Can ny thing be more evident than ifsucbj i deduction were niadd and reserved by the pun baser, it would be clear gain to h i m without aiding in any manner to pay e duties on such merchandise as the) wuer of the cotton might see fit to take) r-turn ? IT the manufacture! 6f cot ton paid in cotton, goods, he might af- ird them c eaper ; but he cannot coin i nd others to sell their gonads cheaper be luse he has reserved to himself forty tive per cent, out of the cargo. I will not weary patience hv pursu it; this matter further, for if I do not : really mistake, I have shown enough) to prove the unsoundness of the doc trine, that exports pay the duty on im ports hat the planter -of the outb pay two-thirds of the revenue, because they export t wo-tnirds of the amount of produce which goes out of the coun try. I have, felt much solicitude to under stand the gentleman from South-Caroliy a, (Mr. McDuffie,) correctly, for I thought, he put forth a new doctrine, such as I have been commenting upon. He has risen twice to explain, and by his explanation has placed the .question on ground somewhat different Irom my understanding of the general tenor of his argument. As L am aboutpassiti from this part ofthe subiect to another. I will state how I no" understand hin. WwaftaHfra7atttrtoi uiiiimi's) wrong. I understand him to say, that Die price of cotton is not affected in the foreign market by the tariff, but still the planters, are burdened with the) payment of two thirds of the revenue, under the operations of the tariff in I have s)reriyint mated, that if his argument could not be maintained bv ahowinr the itante. . suffered a loss Til the sale of his produce, ' ' the only disputable giound left was up-' on the question whether he suffer to the amount alleged ar a consumer of fijw1-; reign merchandise. The genlleuian af ter laboring at great length to prove) that the duties Tell on the grower of cotton, rice - and- tobacco, -said theevil -did not stop here, if it did. the countrv not bear a system so unjust and ruinous in us operation a momeni. out. atd he, forty -five per cent, of Our la bor is arrested. at the custom house, and disbursed as a bounty, among the manu facturers ofthe United States. If th doctrine be true, which was thrown out in the argument of the gentleman, that -the manufacturer of Englandreduces the price of raw' cotton, because he cannot raise the price of goods, and thus takes) the duty out of tl.e planter, it would destroy this argument respecting boun ties ; for if the tariff does not raise the price uf English merchandise here, but leaves it where it was before the pjs- sage of the law, it is difficult to see how it nffords a bounty to the manufacturers) of this country ; indeed, we have the leclaration' of the gentleman himself! that the manufacturers are right when they say the price of goods has not increased much. I will not, however, press this argument, as it seems now to be admitted that the duties are hot ta ken out of the raw produce, hut will dismiss it with one remark ; -if the da ties are paid on the raw produce. tlfcyate not paid also-by -the i mer it therelore n-cessary either to -abandon he ground,- ; J'hsttheE.nliisl manutacturcr controls the market, and reducefthe price, because he cannot' raise thtprice of his goods, or to give up the position that the manufacturers) here redeive a . bounty, a bounty, as it is called, rests entirely on, the sup positionjthat foreign merchandise is mads dearer in our market , by the da- , ties ;lnd that the ' consumer pays the difference. One rsutnem promt that the p'anter as producer pays the duties, the other that the consumer pays- then thus they are twice paid, if both ar guments are well founded. . Leaving then the first branch of the subject, I come to this doctrine d" bouo ties. The gentleman says in substance" thatthe good will of a majority nf tfe A merican people is secured bv.the djs- ' hursemept of fort v-fiVe per cent, of the whole fruits "nf the labor of the Smith a mong' them; and how are these di 'V