North Carolina Newspapers

KATICNAIi 10CXDRY. ; SPEECH- OF HONTjio. A. GILMER, . or Noma ca4olixa, tit the IIocss or Hefresextatives, :' r . February 2l,l$M. Ths House being in thfe Committee of the Whoe on the state of the1 Union- Mr. GILMER said: Chairman : In offerinc anv of my share disburse- liicntsfin tht establishment of national worksc l am at once itruck with two struck with two - tL n ' t i . implant rcflectmns. j First, that, of .mo mny millions mvptea in mumn- ent structures, distribu- tinabo much V . V V VI JJUiVU pu uuu.ii capital a nuiig uic people iwicjfu uwv ure uiccicu,-anu, at uie time, strengthening tbo nd of crce and Cnterpme m their re- Epccnve localities, zva t.rom which all ., of the sea-board States 'have derived more or less advantage, the old North State,' though one of the most faithful of t:ie thirteen sisters avIio pledged .their jewels, treasure, and honor upon the altar of liberty, ajnd never broke the 1'o.v:, lias -yet to be rewarded with ' the 'first particle of (jovernmcnt pa- nuuHv-e iu .-tii re.kiJUiauicae"Tce:anu ..,.,,!. x. : .1 . i focotifl. and ncrhans move astomshin? , . 1 o . . . '. i , , , 0 that mineral wcaltn of such almost , j j Uouric less extent, as is proven to.CXist f'hcn.d irot leng ere this, have beeiv filled into activjj. u; c bv well di- rected individual enlernnsc. Here are two manifest , derelict . . i jons of uuty ofy ffome sort, and should diato attention ot every true 4on of orin.uarcima. . . T e nr:-t lie gket, I . 10(11 , has 1 CSllit- r.rl i I,.-. I ..i" J .11 aZ Hi uv::: i.iv wa i iji iiriin'r III ill. 1 fnm t 1 i . '., xl 1i 1 , Vv 17 rcscjstatjvcs on 'tins floor, who hav " jvii iuu luuuu ui Liiuir nine unou a J- CI V- S. Via 4 - . ,. .. J. . jib I t. 1 a a i. sti'.'tet v v o p o s i t i o n s , ' . . j Sr. r,r.r.',n:4yn '' mere political-issues o an iuill-1 in"' tlli when advanceiiiont or is to be the result, are lor ardent, if not furious advooatr-s. w.hiltfe.the real interest; 1 . , ' . Sr; accpiistitu-.; encyf, and 'the State i i -rC ' ! have. been-too much n Meek", inontbs, and 3 wasted or labored aw; r6ivVtvU. , ears, have been y, urging m trie policical forum, mat teri s wholly abstract and often incapable & i even a-practi. cal t'osl; and in which fact -consists, m manjp instances, tlie major; part of the apparent dignity andicllect of such is- Htiesi wlnle real, nracfiiica . useful oues- tion;!, ofthedeveiopinnitairid improve inen; of the material i resources, a p-ri- .cultmr'al, commercial, and mineral, of fhcit State, 'have been completely ov erlooked. Now, I del not nronose to !j.fh anv 'gcntlctnah for a failure in dut who1 has lierctoil)i-e," or now ren- roue lis my State, for itheir reasons for . . j previous course tf legislative ac have doubtless bcn to them satis ry and suRicientJ Hut', Ido'prp- i the i lion , 1 4., i i.i'jLury posd to ask tlicm, an( all others, to i'with tne in 'giviiirrs-ome attention ' unit to t -Car rein :ie real material interests of Nortli lina. In fact, I might extend my uks beyond mV purpose, and cause i to apply to many of thc other' thci fcout hern States: but, in doing so,. I Ed not only r.sarie the: duties of wou others more competent, to 'do so,, but voulii, at the same tniie. transcend the c on 1 1 esy extended totnc by t h e II o use en ijua occasion. j , "Nor can I now do full justice to my Stac on this importint matter, both for the want of- time 4ml all the infor r;ato:i' I could wis.h:t5ven were I not v limited by this nartirular subicct of . j ...-. t - : the establishment of aj national found ; ery, to. which I shall lad vert directly. -So immense, and almofet boundless, are the mineral and manirjacturing resour ces of North Carolinai, that a volume may be filled with their 'variety, qual- "j, uuu imiuv, x ftpeuK iioi;iioi 01 the gold and silver, existing in such ; large quantities, and which arc so much more actively sought J; but I mean to alluile more particularly to thc more Botid, abundant, and, JL will add, more valuable deposits of cpal and iron. are "the artielcsiof universal use, 'Whih everybody payi tribute to in sgrnp shape, and ever must, so long as eoinjmerec and . ' agricuj'ture, and their vriatiral olTspring, "manufactures, are I crcnot who .holds (the purse, while J hojld the articles of-iiklispcnsable use, such as 'coal and ironj The former will loosfc its strings an c flow to the lat ter, as naturally as tie magnet is at tracted by the poles. "Every man, who liiintuiLS a imiisn or s ir tore nnr or o rocf, uses, either directly or indircctl v. j 7- V. . 1 V tacfafcric3 or Products of coal and iron i Jl 1 VJij ,! i il 1 ' uuiipays ior mem, in some shape ; i th'pfnr- Tt - iL' -..v,w..v, v,v vwiinuuiui 1 - to the use ot. these great stanlc miner- i Pottcrsihcld and absorbed, as it were, s ks ' x oiiwi ' l 1 .1 thq so-cal ed precioub metals, then . kneftn both to the Oil and the New j r ' I" UMVt -l I J i I - tl 111 W.oritl, England being possessed of thci soli 1 coal and iron, tlk real -precious 'i its, has drawn the! gold and silver : met Of-Sinair. nnd nihov on . national COlier3, Wherje they are vet ; safdly locked up, and ire' likely to be, ! Will C Kncr ish dnmoflo .ond Vommor. cial nolicv is observe, r and until otbor c r- - - - w uiumur- viaiipumry iH ooservet4i ,ana until ndlfons, eriuailv. blessdd with lik v ' -" w - : tike ma- -tcnai, shall adopt the same precept l and example, of iunW their best re- : cnurPAa ...V i:.J .lni. i : .7 vv. . v - , nun aiiiii wcailll. IHLII COlll i T 1 " ana; iron. Korth Carolina is bountifully bless ed bv JrroVidenee with theso solid ro nlft ininprnls cS Ai-.nl d i-, w i rtually blessed Avith water-power and I otnqr natural' elements for brinsrinj? mem into use, ana wincn must come , into nto, inpitc of priont orhithorto '! .li. . t ?. . i , i , neglect, iier Avater-pjower, 1 cai al mos ; say, is the be3t in the universe. Hcrl Yadkin, Ararat, Mitchell's, Fish fr'gDan, Smith, North and South Tov Cancy, Ivy, SwananQarJ French yicws m support ot tae claims native, state, iNorth. Carolina, to a d tliej public patronage and Broad, Pigeon, Tuckaseega, Tcnnes-J sec, JS antihala, Valley, Hiwassee, Y a tauga, New, Catawba, Uwbarie, Haw, and Deep rivers furnish streams for manufacturing TjurDoses, which will last inexhaustible, beyond the power of man to consume, so long as the mountains from which these streams flow, shall stand to attest the work arid glory of a beneficent Creator. In her French Broad alone is more water- pqwer than in all New England put to gether, onlv waiting to be" called into t ;tiei.;:a "ri; "V tin iimuouitticuici uiuu oiuiuai t0 t)t- which has made New England f what sbe ig and j h wiiiever bein d:,,.,-:,,.!.. fn .-, a-YA1.Th Cr. n MWTtt,;nfrU,.n.riftP ilvnr a,,,,,!,. t1Ar0 j c:fiioa i in-Wcll al and p ten times fonrhundred thousand can- be moved vv fTlfi VPfri1i,P wnfpra nf tlo vronoh Broad alone, without even making an impression on the abundant supply. Besides the over-abundance of water in the limpid streams of the old North State, they arc exempt from the bitter frosts and freezing winters, which con geal at times the best streams in New England, obstructing their greater u- t 1 .n. x-...x.i. -1 - umv, wiuie in xuiin varoiina. inev 1 -1.. . .i x .1 1 ruix'iv evei ireeze-anu are ax me Mime ' v, 1 .. -.i. i.4..,i :, lime uiesseu. iiii aiitrievaieu lucaiiiy, ai;( 'wholPSome mountain atmosnhero. 1.arwift,.:, ,.n,.a i,r c-f' nians Lalitation but Cf,uallv desira- 1.1., " Die. - j. Jron tliC bes. and mQst a ; t, U2hout-thc wholc State. It would ; "1. 1 asLuinsu one not laimuur, to bee or vii ine uisl 1 can ta-ieiy say, wiiu- i .1 i pyfAnf Tniout. disnarao-pmont. to otbor nla.ens. ' . i -i .1 t 1 1 1 j " " ' aiicmpi to uescrne tneir precise local- ity and extent with minuteness, would ; lead me into too creat detail1; but be- r .... c- ,.1. .1 .:..!. 1IMI! ( ' ( 1 1 I I f I I 1 1 r 11 VMM! I() T I T TT I'l . . . " " . V V 1 -'!-a. , w ich, -. muc!, I say : y0U may cagt your against its free use for manufacturing cnuie oi p acecve QU the map of North Carolina, and purposes of any description. Itiseon nover wantinx ...ui c. i .foli.. iijlj v ,-1 r v.i v,i ...i.. ...i i i i J . , ueru you iine an asmiuuint supply 0j Cq;i and iron, in immediate : prox- - imitv: you may go westward, .border- in hartl on the Virginia and th then the Tennessee line, till vou reach the Iloan mountain, and from thencebear south ward till vou reach King's -mountain, which continually calls to mind much of the heroism of thc Revolution ; and from thence eastward till you run into the Deep river valley, and you will have traveled over deposits of iron, so abundant, of such superior quality. that not a similar scope of country on the earth can surpass it. Forming, as it were a great reserve treasured up in nature's store-house waiting for the trained hand of the enterprising utilitarian toquietly unlock and-use, to the benefit and wealth of mankind. I cannot contemplate thevastness and value -of these sinews of wealth and grandeur of my native State without being greatly moved, and long to see the day when a better directed indus try and wiser political economy shall, with .fostering policy, call them forth, and bid North Carolina be in practical fact what she is by nature designed, one of the best and most extensive iron producing countries in the world. Once developed, themines will sustain themselves; and the southern forge and rolling-mill will sustain and meet tho southern demand, and every car- wheel that traverses the State, bear- ' mg the products of her soil, will wind their way oyer iron rails taken from the same soi without the aid of tariffs pioLuLiuu, aim uiuii, liiueeu, may wc talk of afid about southern iide pendence. It has long been a growing convic tion on the 'part of. thc Government, that a national foundery should be es tablished, not only for the certain supply of a better article of certain kinds of fabrics of iron for naval and military use. but also to improve the system of combining, and the effect of Thi is important subject at once attract- ed the attention of the present able Secretary! ar, upon his installment : into amec and m tns brst annual re, statements in their several reports, the ; be found to the same extent, variety Im port ihc spoke and recommended thc following are some of their conclusions: and quality ? Till better informed I it SUblCCt. in the followino- onrnost nnd i 1. Tbn octal U of n nniirtir I t aj .? . . .1 . ' 'If .'. . ' emphatic manner : The importance to the riMc service of cRiaDiisiiing a national founderv has .been so - i - . 1 1 - - , often brought to tbp nttrn . - - - ' 1 ' v. vuiiicso 11, : Hion ot Congress bv ; -. . ' ssoi-s. that nnthintr i,t uvft i tion of its rcat consequence to the publicnnd! private intt'i est? of the-whole country encour- a.crcs me to mention it aeam. i "A well-managed national foundery would which would" add immensclv to our national er speedily, develop and establish facts. I'll T v v--.fcfc : WfifllMl It IO a.-.1roli- , v J il...i V, .y. ,.1C t-lcuut'u )v,,.h l.he ?nnn,te vant?t.v "on ore. and their bcuTuiless extent in the United States, we should not have wr .ii,.vrr,i n ' ble of makin" fhft voi-v 1 ' - w v 1 CUV 11 , ,.llfr01vem'; .V';U t,,.cre ft'e no nveans by wiucli the pnbuc service can be benefited bv it; but such is the. fact. y national foimdervonWnVa -a ni'.w,n.,.i 11 laboratory at which tlie quality and value of , ;:. V IT r , as agreai W throughout the whole Confederacy .w'onId '- Every vjariety of iruu w' ' "peeini adaptation to particular known in the eountrv. and individunl Pntor- Prics would be saved, in e.xperimeuts, many 1 !! wnicn me worKS would - i . i. . TV. V DrilS' ! "ldu9' and efficient encouragement. ;', ! in liu.ui. Ill IU a UIHiin niwl'Ail IPOrillmata "o i "fherc is but little doubt that many Amer- i ,car Iron PrM are e,1ual- rtt t, to those of Norway, ana yet tne national armories are J lv . , - . nnven ov necessity to nurchase from ahrnnd riven bv necessity I the Norwpfnnn iron : . 7, " : y -: : email arms., noosing to nave tbe nestouali- ty of arms, we must go abroad 1 for the best ! quality of iron - , . . v. soon teach to improvethe manufacture ofiron and we would be saved the mortification of bringing iron from abroad, and the monev. A national founderv would f , " 1 Le'ltiXSlLi" v -i . i. guns would presently ;ir oualitv would bp. unaouoieuiy, very materially improved. "It therefore appears to me that everv con fidcration of sound policy and economy de mands the establishment of a national found ery, which I accordingly respectfully recom- mena, So soon as I discovered that thisi subject was again recommended to the attention of Congress, 1 at once zelfj convinced that North -Carolina was the State, and the Deep river valley .the locality, which offered the best fa-j cilities for erecting such a work ; atd when-my cnlleague; Mr.BRANCn,-jat the last session, offered a bill to this when-mycollengue; --MrrBBAKCn,-;ai the last session, ottered a Din to tnis effect, I was in hopes the effort would move steadily forward, and that the claims of North Carolina, and the fa cilities she offered on this subject, would be well considered, and, if well sus tained, as I believe they can be, con-i ceded and allowed. But, like most of measures which are of a truly practi cal and commercial character for a southern State, it has been permitted ,! n llnoAn till if ij r. 1 It i lu iiuli 1111 il i .3 a u j u. i luisunviii j. u is now my purpose to revive the sub- ject, and claim for my State a full and fair heating in the premises. I premise, then, by saying that the Deep, river valley, , in the State ofNorth Carolina, is a suitable place for a national fouiv dcry, and, that the State of North Car olina has peculiar claims for its loca tion within her borders. What constitutes a suitable place x' i.': : : T 1 c a: .-i 1 9 101 a nauoiiai louuuerv : -1 Vr- 1 1.. j.. unrerais aim oiner uiaienaibioi : , e a... : i use lit such a wuik; aim ui meat., pun- I cinallv coal and iron ore. ! O'TiUr .Aoajkniri, rt 1 water, .and inaccessibility to an enemy i: ' 111 1 in? 111 Htr. j 3 climate, and means for subsist ' workmen. I 1 s a.. T' . J. ...i- .ai , ,1 t 11 1! 1 -o T r t-nac tne ueep river vaiiey lias no su- ' perior. It has coal of the best and most abundant quality. It is a bitu- r i 1.1.11.. . r. III I1IIJIS ' . T. I 1 T ;!. I I V I ' 1 MT in ST1 llillir .' ' J ' f ' .1 1 1 , , , , , . . in tne wonu, ana. yieias ine greatest abundance of the best coke for, smelt- ing and forge work, and is welladapt- ed for making what is called hollow- fires, for heavy wrought-iron work. Its iron ores,, too, arc equally super ior, embracing every variety. The specular, brown hematite, magnetic, artel bliie-clay ores, are inexhaustible,, and are all bedded together in a -narrow compass. And then, over and above any other plaee known on the conti nent, the only workable vein of black band ore inter lines the coal-fields them- selves; .not only so, but arc the deep est in thickness and extent ever yet' discovered in any country. This is not assumption, but fact, proven and visi ble to the inspection of any inquirer. A shaft, lately sunk by one of the companies engaged in operating these mines, to the depth of five hundred feet, discloses no less than upwards of seven feet of coal, and '-over eleven feet of black-band ore, all confined in a stra tum of some forty feet. This is only one spot; but others are equally favor ed. But this important malleable ar ticle of ore, for the purpose of making all the descriptions of fabrics for war and naval use, cannot be over-estimated, and should give a controlling in fluence1 in the selection of the locality for such a national work. ' With the use j ot this deposit, exclusively, as yet, 1 found in I workable ouantiti . ' 1 ' ' Deei5 river valley, combined with the ! other and harder ores found in such j great abundance, will enable the Gov-1 triimeiii 1,0 maice every aescnption-ot 1 non iauncs, irom tne naixlest steel j cannon or shatt, down to the softest i loop-bandj that can be demanded for any part bf thc naval or military de partment?, i Several very able and lucid reports have been, made by eminent geologists who base their statements upon actual explorations, made with the frreatest caution and attention to the facts a- Emmons the latter beinar the author-1 ized fetate geologist for North Caroli-i na. I rom their united opinions and j . . T " i"""v L4UU1 lu tne best Newcastle coal, and -the best for making gas, for which nurnosft it ! .v- ' i iJ - wonld hntiff m No? Vm-l- eiv - -v-., ivui oi.ui cui til dllo v,. r , 1 1 1. . . . . . luu- 1 ' f 11 18 verF easJ to work and free jot fault. ' :! 6. It is admirably suitable for smelt-j jingirgi, being free from sulphur. I j ,4. ; 15!ack-band iron ore overlies and . .. .. . ; uuut-uiH me cuiu, bhu can dc mineit from the same nits and onenino-s. p rpt -t J i j V .. llie b ack-band is m deposits ; Shteen inches to six feet thrck, and i m, .. . . - 1. f? ei of a better quality than any found in: OCOtland, COntaimnf Sllfih a larrrA nnr. 1 tion ot bitumen, and of so nnmlinr ai p ev i-v. : .1 . ... . r. .. r cuaracier tnat irom twelve to sixteen i firu'onb, kerosene oil can be extract-, ; Jd m it while ?t is being calcined to : gallons oi kerosene oil can be extract- j lit it lor trie Dlast turnace. bix to six-:: teen inches is the usual thickne ickness of the: . of the I uiacK-gana iron ore in Scotland . 6, Hematite iron ore, clay-band. -1 .i.i. i . dUU raagc iron . ores, are m e- j .i- " . ' " . nA - mnna j. . .. - Ih'ZZ ""A Ti li V T lcn m"t& OI: tiio rni I nnfl- h -inl- i l 1 1 rr i.i i.i ii 1 1 1 i iii:iik i Tin i t t; T - , uu j c , J , 1 1 ue '"aue irorn. tuo u-rWH'iu u uamy superior to ' . J o .i -i . . any nia-tie in front .ind in , auut uriccs.acss man in acotiana.--: ik n::u eui 1 . . "V " y-Miuty uiiuc minerals to eacil ;t-i . . . . . I higher wages mmining. Says a prac- tical Scotch iron master JLkinTnf nil Ll ter, speaking ot . maxx uuinpenisaixiig ior tne iuciccu uiLT.vauev: ,i "I am satisfied that pig iron can be madej iXo r is Di"r,,h0a: hundred and fifty thousand dollars would suf- fice to buy enough of mineral land to supply two furnaces with material for some genera- tlOr.B. It Would RllffloA A citiL- iha nlia oJl 1 1 ,; iM firrnZZ rT; rvZ Z "Z- C 1 UU41v 'pose oi tnis question, 1 shall I nave a minister to China ot the rank of com I erect two furnaces on the Scottish pnnci r e; ho fnnrwl AT-n'ASV - i t o'L 1 oaaa i i De IOUnu earnest in msistmrr non hotb : missioner. at a salarv oi9.000 ner unnnm .. and, as the minerals are the same as in Scot land, the plans oaght to be imported from thence. The two furnaces coula make four hundred to five hundred tons a week say twenty thousand tons per annum -at a cost of about ten-dollars per ton, (200,000.) Price in Xew York and Boston varies from J on' , . y-'" r In addition to these materials, there is fire-clay of best nualitv. in i?reat a-. bundance, ''interlining' the seams of coal and black-band ore ; thus afford ing, from the same pit or shaft, coal, iron ore: and fire-clay - and the other descriptions of iron nr.; to wit. the hematite, specular, and magnetic, be-:! ing immediately contiguous, leaves y 7 nothinff to h dnno W tn darplnn nd p and use them to any extent and in every i shape that the Goyernment can wish : xi , ur i t.ii ii iH1 t nf nca nt irnn i. j The second sunnoed reauisite'for a' suitable sitefor k national founderv : ." ;j ..... the. "locality, accessibility to tide "wa- ter, and inaccessibility to an enemv" I will briefly state is advantatreous- ly presented in these North Carolina : 1 wish to see our streams studied with ' S1,1CS waa overhauled. 110 many more , wife, Mr. bickles gave way. to the most tcrri " i mi t-x . t. , , ! u 1 cases misht beselectcitl dohotknow- I am We emotion, and passed tlie night in a state euai ueius. ne jjeep river nows thro tbo r,,l 1 -i Ti. ! tne co.il ana iron deposits. It is a beautiful stream highly adapted to .slarkJwntAr wnrlL !, 1 - u niv ii ni c iivvt uc- , tlie stream, or an armed force invade the establishment without marching over land a considerable journey ; which is about as nigh security as can be obtained. The locality I claim to be a good one. Thirdly, climate, and means of sub sisting a population of mechanics and workmen. In this rcsnect the Dem river valley certain possesses superior ; advantages. It forms, indeed, the di- j I v i ' . . i.i. i. ; v lumg iiue ueiween wnat are peculiar-! lv Southern and northArn nrndiiAtc i . --w-,.w u l VUUVlkJi ' Extending south from the loealitv of i tbe mines, you traverse the cotton and rice regions where those staples are produced for export to all parts of the world; while, moving towards the north and west fr6m these mineral deposits, you are greeted with a fine wheat, ' corn, and other vegetable-producing region, adorned with beautiful scene- ry. in iact, all thestaples, either north : or south;, tor the subsistence of work: men, can be commanded in the Deep river valley at the cheapest and most accommodating rates. Bv wav of des cription, it may be said that these val uable mineral deposits are in "a good "land; a land of brooks of water, of fountains, and depths that spring out ot valleys and hills; a land of. wheat I and barley and vines and fig trees and j pomegranates; a land of olive, oil, and ! , honey." And besides this, the cli- ! mate itself is excellent, heino- olevatod I and healthy, abounding in fresh water j springs of the purest quality. No re- ! rl,nl.4. r.i 1. i .v.u i.miun, luauiii iiliiu ma L UI 1 I11UU I am now snonlin - i There is also anabundant supply of oak and! all other timber suitable for ; such purposes as will be needed about ! a national foundery, within convenient reach. There are also limestono nnd other suitable materials for practical ; use in a foundery, in abundant supply, ; in the country round about. Then, I may I not ask, what more is needed i for supplying all the demands requisite for a national founderv? Can asmnnK as I have here attemntr-d to Rf nto !, i snid of rr ntl,0v Tiin,l li: 9 Ti i is true, other places may possess some na'rtic.nlar artic.lps nf lnafarinl r nrml ; or.,1 -h.,r than is to be found in the Deep river valley; but then, can all the materials H&Mjn iney cannor; tnat tne same va- rioti nf i iron ftw UtUo r,W fti; '' 1 n .f ' I 1 ' f iAj.nu.. uii 11 (j v vii 1:1 jiLi . n if a i't, 7 . . ui 1 1 eM n iTfirin e I novo i-nm no . , 1 , " t . ' i""4"" sul"'l ... table tor the making of evprv dosr-rir, tion of iron fabric for CrrivPrnmont national 11 a .,,,mf i f.,i : such connection in any one nW And Ihen ask the question, why will not tbo rmvmn,t X c.. .viuun,ui pixy pivutl ViClVl- ! ence to a place so suitable and favored i i bv 7 lt 'H-VLiii- no oils; xvi a. - national foundery? Why shall not North C. Sl.rnlmo -niiml-vn-f h-IVIti 1... ! borders some one of the Government I ctwintn.,, ,1 1 . .rr 'i.i A t Unm,uuw, ufii sne ouers ai least e-i Ani ;r v .. ?. -i' x.. jiui, .lUe uesr, iaciuues: ana ae- rivo. in ,ftmmn ' o ) som and some of the advantages to the trade ' commerce of her citizens, result- l inr from r,m.ft, . Iau 9 i from Government exnenditnres ? . - - - m v i li nr. r a nri ii mi t : This latter consideration would not be j Tbic loffm. n,;:.i : u.it. I res proper if North Carolina did not ofier eoual 'fnl.tlna r , i national founderv ..n.o lui me cictuuu vi at i ' to any other State or locality; but when it is so clearly .... aem?nstrated that she does, I feel au . . v i ... . tiionzed to claim for herthefull bene- nt ot an eminf i ;-, .i;oT,:Kf;-. r 1-v...v, A11 iuc uuuiuuuvu ui , voipa aIT vw.t . . r-''J ncuicscuiair m this Capitol to unite with me in the v.. j. nuiy ictrrcw mill tut; on- nortunitv bn nnfU. fo,-w,ki ri. J 5 2 t been favorable for my colleague to urge the bill he in- demand. 1 trufv regret that the op- troduced at the last, session, nr tlint. i .i l. i ". - better progress could not have been I ,But re 'i time..and p-; Por"J,1IJr'3nd let the future improve "- f shall be my province, to wield ii a voice in the deliberations which will j finnlln JI - . . f . i .. . -r . : ing constructed. The distance from i the furnace, and hear the strokes . of ; the site of the works to tlie seaboard, ! the forge, declaring the fact that com or mouth of the Cape Fear river into ! 'mcrce and manufactures are in ripe which Deep river flows, is only about ! development. I wish to sue the moun one hundred and sixty miles; and tide tains of the South, pregnant with the r water, to the depth of some twelve mines of wealth, disgorging their hid fcet, comes to within some seventy ! den treasures and furnishing to our miles of the place where a national , prosperity as certain tribute as they foundery could be advantageously c-1 afford. delightful retreats and abodes rected. With the slack-water works to our citizens. In short, I wish to sec completed, as they soon will be, be- the South, in fact, what nature has sides a railroad to Faaetteville, now eminently designed her to- be, a' corn under construceion, the fabrics for ; mercial and manufacturing, as well as Government use can safely and con- ! au agricultural people. .We" can then venienily be carried out ' to the adja-1 boast of our greatness, because; we cent seaports, or borne by railroad ; ! W'H then be great and prosperous. ,whilst no enemy's fleets can ascend : - the advantages and rights of North' bat the President hasaprointS a" gentleman Carolina in the nremises I shall keet t from Peiinsyivanla-tolthat ofi&eand elevat- Carolina m tne premises, &uui Kcep, . J. . . f I.i j:Li.w my eyo steadily upon tEe movements ot tnmgs in tneir-uenauj auusuuu hum fail to nrxre for my native State all ! fW T n instW dne from this Govern- ; ment to her long-neglected resources, ."- r - f i 1 . -i. . 1 CD - so far as the Government has the right and power to act. iln fact, I wish tp see a new era op en up in the South generally. I wish to see less fustain and parade of hew fledged and broken-down politicians, ' m the shape of so called southern, com- mercial conventions, Tmore practical and a- . i .- i - .1 and omethin"' available 'resorted ! to- I to. There is better, as well as more i f.yt' .1 ,1 tiuu?. niiuuui Oi icaaiuit icaiuic m them, or a possible benefit in theirpro- ' visions, to the South or anybody else, j beyond the fancy of those who pass ;i i ii.. .f ii i - i hcm' 1 wisn t0 see our Taeys and ' mountains brought into actual use. uuut BPluujes a"u loom shill erho hk -in Ptnrnnl r 100ms snan ecno oacK an eternal re- sponse to their ever and onward flow- incr enrrent. I wish to see the blast of "o - EUGENE B. MARE & SDN, EDITORS AKD PROPRIETORS, statMvitj Friday, March 11, 1859. rERS03 mou to Rf.mIT omosit, . Can do m nt our risk, by taking the .Post MasWVRe- coipt, toi'.xliiliit, in aw tln'Monr get lost. (ioM dollar. wi. -nt. Hii,mi,i w. s!uk t tin; inside of the shift with i ng-wax or a ivafc-r. Postasstaiiips taken oa ntonoy. i I . a., o uijuev, xj&u., is uur uuiv ;iuinor- Tir A T.. T? T- 11 ...1 lsed airent for Irerkll countv-, to receive wib- scnj.it ions tor the Sspress ami sxsrn receipts in the names of the publishers. He will al- so attend to making collections for our onice generally District Convention Congressman, We are requested to give notice that a Convention will be held by the Whigs of the Sixth Congressional distinct, at WINSTON, on the 12tii day of APRIL next, to nominate a Party candidate to represent the dis trict in the next Congress two years.' : The Counties composing the dis trict, are invited to hold meetings and appoint delegates in time to attend said Convention. Q, Z bnacle Trees. We Perceive tIiat the Court-House S-juare has cen niProvcd by transplanting Trees from tl)e neighboring forests. We are pleas- Wlt S00 taste which has induced iruprovement. Will not those owning. lots on the Drir.cinal streets in Town follow ' ' the jrood example, and enhance both tlie com- fort and value.of their Pperty by planting j Shad-Tl'ees in f'ront ?- I cases of fire Shade Known oiten to arrest the progress of the flames, and thus .save large amounts of property from destruction. The following remarks copied from ah exchange will conclude what we have to say upon the subject : " As ' Springtime is coming,' I have 1 ...I. '. . , 1 . ... 1, 1 tiiuu-iii n was h goou iimc 10 laiK awont set- 1 ting out Shade-Trees; now, for in a few more weeks it will be too late. Do vou know of n.v"nS which gives more certain proof of god taste, than well-arranged Shade-Trees ? And can you not judge of the prosperity of a. city, and the taste of individuals, by this test alone ? Have you not seen many unpretend ing cottages relieved of its brown appearance by the trees in frout? Now. as trees are not expensive, let every man who owna a lot in e city, plant some trees at once, but: while am talking on this subiect. allow mfv io make one or two suggestions: First -select trecs not lcss tIian t5irec inches in diameter, , . . and straight ones. Is ext. use crent cam. in " ' c. : - arran.Tinr thrm int stmmht M,.nn.i i ly, reject the sycamore, and common oak.-r Other kinds, such as elm, locust, maple, etc., are the best, or amonj; the best. , Speech of Hon. John A. Gilmer. The reader will find an excellent Speech of Hon - John A. Gil mer upon the subject of ia ' " " V ' w j o mjrj. it ges to elow more -than anything we have Vet read linon fh4 Riihrppf tlm vtiat inrsnl "sources of North Carolina, and which her citiypna lioa .AiAn..liu .u :i .-i ukuucu i umRciavaH- able. North Carolina if.peopled with yank- ees or English. w.,M in- t to be the Sarden of tlje world ; for they, would no delay in usiug the necessary ener- evto brins into active ase th-. vt dnrmani. o ; " w sources of the States Good and Wholesome Law oa ana waolesome Laws. ,PK'-. ir. t The corporation of Morganton have just had their code of Laws printed at the Ex press office, aud a better code we have not 6ecn. Knowing the energy of 3Iayor Brown Morganton, under the government of these Laws will be a " model citv." More Extravagance Democratic Au thority. ' In the Senate, the other day, Mr. Pugh.lt distinguished Democrat, spoke as follows : ! " We live under an Administration th At makea treat nrofpssinna nf wtrinrlinwnl ami yet theextraordinarj increase in the salaries otT with,!, i. to w, ought to arrest theatteotion of Congress and the country. Until the incoming of the present Administration, Uqnite sufficed us to ... . . . . . profitable, worK Deiore us than the i'1"'1 y Vii, "- .-7: .'7 -t - r.v 5 i mere echoing of hirrh-soundin resohi- ! ces- at a respective increase of their eompen- A? Sv ll,m 9 tT1."0 nd de: mere eouoing oi mgii-sounuing resoiu ( r 1. t : f . sired her to write to her mother to come and t.- t ,,it f,,;vi sation. bv the mere fiat of the PrcsuTcnt. of . i 1 i . .!.... ir 1 jr- ri Wt6 the rank op envoytraordi nary l.-..tw.tjr..,u .v him 12, OOOa year.5-; :: i " W got along well, enough until wi toil faxxr me lasnew monm.wn a cpnsm general ai Japan who received a salary f,0p0. The President has elevated him nj) jtolle grade of minister resident, irj order tpgiye him $10 000. We got along until' soqte time iir Octo ber last, with a minister resident in 'Austria, at a compensation of pp,000 year ; but all i oi a suaaen anouier c uzen,ou;xeif,4vanm ' was scnt abroad to thdt missidij and was rf wX.'.- Twrya 1 evated to the rank of envo extraordinary A .1 r V-. a l An;n JHi:. E i u . . . . ! and minister plenipotentiary ftt compensa 1 Ih-wi rr SU 9 itl Ul A AOii ' h j 'UA ,uoo and H, PAJnum' ! "w.lr. n it i that our .station is of ; fucn f c such a character, that thisexenditure can i-ri - . jgv 7-7 7". J ine 1 resi!jeni' 11 . 'f'S11 unjf.uuu tins on- i . f, - . , , '' , . i not aware, of ftnytlnnghat has transpired in - cr; , , i eatIon to these countries calling for such in - j crease of thc compensation ofiour ministers, t i i i f ' . ... I have heard of no rupture between' us and Austria : I have heard qf 116 com plication; of u.- t " ,,v Vv. . , , our difficulties I rather thmlf it wastroub, le Mil the domestic relations, .instead- of for- eisn relations, that Uou;htlabdut; the in crease of salary. v -; H ; "Sir, in the time -wjietj' w3Vad -a" foreign policy worth calling sji-ch, old-"James Mon roe, God bless his nreniory l.-fasnihister to five or six countries atjonce;" ?Hc.diJ not get anything like the compensation of any of these gentlemen, and he performed his duty ten times better than aJl of thfem.put togeth er. It Is an enormous abuses. It is not to carry on our foreign i intercourse. It is to pension personal and jblitieajl' friends, ' Great Fire in Memphis.; . On the 2d instant, a half s-jiare ofJIcm- phis on Maine street was- uutftt dov;n, at niirht, including the printing .t'thces of tbe Eagle and Enquirer," Avalanejft, Ledger, C. Advocate., and Preshytjeriaii' Sctitine.1. toss $150,000. Paifrtally' ifeiredi ' The Washington City Tragedy. - We gave in our last )a brief account of the shooting of Phillip Barton. Key bv lion. I Daniel E. Sickles, of New. Yofrk. We find in the Washington correspondence of the New York Times a full aeeowlit of this un fortunate affair. After rel'errijig to the ru mors, prejudicial-: to the charttctev of Mrs. btckles. which had hevjn. circulating for some time in Washington societytli writer says "During the whole of the h ist 'session of Congress, the tall figure ofjr. Key was constantly to be seen in tho:1 President's- J square, opposite Mr. Sickle iWnshingtoth j residence; dud Mrs. Sickles want's constantly j in his company at all places off. public enter j tniument. In the interval of.jie Congres l sional recess, Mr. Kev -made aijihort visit to New York, still without exeitinny absolute: suspicion of impropriety in theplind of Mr. Sicldes ; although other frienf ? of the nn- hajipv lady, and anxphg' thenvii.lier mother, rejicateiiiy warned her o,r the rtal jTecipice on the.' brink of which, she ws pexmilting herself to trifle. It wajs hoped ijt the affair would come to an end. of itsel'lnd that one or both of the' parties most neaif4 implicated, would perceive the real drift ofieir conduct in time to avoid its almoat "instable Yonse quences. r ; y.' But on the reassemihling of Qfinress, and the return of Mrs. Sickles to,Vashington, Mr. Ivev s attentions' and thpcandal con- sequent upbn theni, wrereviv with greater ardor than before. Mr. Kev feis a narticu 1 l ui ' ' - i arly r'otlceab'e man;in point personal ap- ithuTtic man'lhanTir sSln fond of exercise on horsebacli.f ' Meu-Torniea,-:. much more ii , d especially. He rode an uun-j:i-i:y. iioree ; anq searcei-jg a day lias passed since the retnjii of MrsicklcVtp tlie capital, on which h'ijs tall figilfe, his white riding cap. his well-trimmed moustache, and iron-grey horse mightinot havj een seen two or three times in.the course ofitliC' morning on the circuit of President's -squire, or at the door of Mr. Sickles'-J Iiompc, hich stands quite alone on thc north side'lf tlie Rquare, and is a very conspicuous Iniilpng of white stucco. It was but ton Tuejay last, ( so swift and fearful a dream di , the whole story seem,) that, on! viitinjIrs, SirkJes. Tuesday being her day of recij&jtion; I found Mr. Key there, his horse waijg for him at the door. The rooms were filfeiwTh a pleas ant company ; the soft. Spring fdiih ioured in nt the open windpwp : ant1Mrs. Sickles herself! in her almost girlish bnitv; wearing a bouquet of crocutc the fiifjlings of the year, f-eemed tlie very innarnafpn-of Spring and youth, and the beautiful p&mise of Iif i -Mi . U hat is tne twilight? what tlfe house that then' was the synonym of .hospitality,', the most frank, and generous and jfefsv ? ' In the early part of the wj? before last, Mr. Sickles went on to New y.k. During bin alienee the busy spies of s5etv observed that the attendance of Mi-. KeWat Kis house was even more unremittingth() usual. Mr." Sickles returned to Washing on the mor ning of the day of the ; papier Ball, and from that time up to" Frida.rlat, nothing occurred to make the matter oftis wife's re lations with Mr. Key! more t"in Wdinarily' prominent in his mind!. So fa; was he from manhesting anything Hike . injdinate Or ty rannical suspicion, that-he allowed Mr. Kev to escort lrs. Sickles; as usujon Pennsvf vania avenue, and 'I saw theii: i comnanv with Mr. Henry Wik6fl- at 1 4 theatre on j The late Democratic Legislature, says the Wednesday mgnL Oa Thulny, -Mr, and Ke ist cost the . 3f hJ Mrs. Sickles entertained a larg.yrartv at din- ! . 4 , ,. Bl , ine 01 in,M ner. Over that gay and. brillant company lState ln the er diem of members and other how near and fearful" a doam impended ! j expenses at the least all pfTO.OOO, or with On the next dav (thedav befilre vRslprdv : in anmo fiftBnn ilinian.t i.tioA .-m: - xr. o.ca.e3 . recc.vca jrom 6je enemy of j mariKina an anonvmoins l.-tioi atati T- o:1.1. . J r . . ' . J 'L . j . J I precision so minute as:to makj h suspicion im- i.-iume, mat .ur, ivey naa rcrtea a house Fifteenth street, above K streej from a jie; on woman, and thht he: was i v the habit nf meeting Mrs. Sickles there twr three times a week, or oftener. ;The pet and dress of Mrs. Mckles were accurately t4scr bed, and the usual time'of theinten iewSpWilied: Ac- compaiiietl by a friend, Mr. fSckles went to the house designated and fotiijft e-ery state ment of the anonymous writePcorroborated. Mr. Key had taken the lionse and he had constantly met there a lady iswering very closely in description to Mrs. pickles. Mr. Sickles still clung to the hone that the person who had stooped to lie baseness of making such charges atider f je Veil of sec resy, might have thoroughly iceWed him, and that Mrs. Sickled was $ the, lady in question ; he accordingly reoui' ted hia friend. r- n wij:j . -c vl vi . xrAi, i,r,.ioA r, c - 1. . jii. uwigc iiiviuiiuge uji, i;ew iorK, IO just opposite. . ..j - ? -' On Saturday no meeting toc place, and the woman in charge j seems -L have stated sttivrf no longer to pky the spy upoiis hpnordc- termined to confront jhis wifdirectlv with . ! ': : ' this terrible suspicions. .At first Mrs Sickles ftrongly denied her guilty but oa her bug. ! band's asking htr whether on the Wednesday previous, she haa not entered the house on Fifteenth street, in a certain particular dr4sa, and concealed by a hood,;' she cried out, fZ am betrayed and lost!" and swooned awav. On recovering her senses, she admitted her guilt,' and besought mercy! and pardon. Mr. Sickles calmly said he wduld not injure her, since he believed her the victim of a scoun drel, but that he had a right to. a full confes sion. Two ladies in the louse were sent for as witnesses, 1 and in their presence, Mrs. Sickles made a full confession in writing, stating that her connection with Mr : Key had corn- -- ""i " r - uut LiittL iicy iitxu oiiufc uueu uic i iw use 6tantv met Mrs. Sickles' confession was i . i -. i . . maae in tne miasc oi ine pnieresi contrition made no objections, adtniqting. the justice of ; her punishment in the most a fleeting Jan- Her mother will arrive to-morrow to remorse, and Wood. 0nce having quitted tlie presence of his .bordering on distraction -a feeliii" which ! lululll"o uwuwii : a iaiui0 wiuui was worked into madnessi this morning on 1 8eoing- the of hig misery, Mr. Ke, with j gay audacity pass, opposite the window of his j wife's room. and. wave his handkerchief the i ... l - t j l .1 e .l . USU4!U, gnaiior assignation. Asking Mr. Jiutterwortn, who was at his j houae tofollow Kevami 'gage him in COQ. versation so that he would not eet out of siffht. he rushed up Btaire for his pistols, and quickly following, found Buttesworth and Key to gether, at the corner of Sixteenth afreet, when the tragedy took place. 1 ' On coming up, Sickles walked directy to Key, nnd said, "You- hive dishonored my bed and family, you scoundrel prepare to die!" at the same time drawing his pistol. Almost simultaneously Key placed his hand inside his vest, and drawling what appeared to.be a pistol, but what was really an opera glass, said, "You had beMer not shoot!" - Sickles nt once fired. Ivv nt the snmp fimo throwing his glass at hiii. This 6hot only grazed Key. slightly raising the skin of his side, and he immediately leaped behind a tree to avoid another shot. Sickles followed, and Key, catching hrs jarni, endeavored to prevent him from -firing, but Sickles disengaged him self, and tfring again, shot Key in the upper, part of the right-thigh, close to thc main ar tery. . Falling on his hip and supporting himself with his hand, he cricd "Murder! don't shoot !" Sickles still following, fired again. with his pistol close to Key, the ball passing through his body below tljie bifeast. In the meantime the report of the pistol and Key's cries startled tliose in the neigh borhood. Mr.. Thomas Martin, a Clerk iu the Treasury Department who happened at tl. .-,.,,.,. . i. i : j. .l-ii..i. i-. i me uioiiiriii io ut leaving iiie.v-iuu, rusneu back, and called out. " Kf?y h murdered !" Messrs. oyle", Upshuand Tidbnll, who we-re in the Club at the tiBue, proceeded has tily to the spot, when tljey found Sickles , sfanding over the body of Key, with his pis tol presented at his head, iand which lie tri ed twice to discharge, Ht -which snapped botlrtiines and :Mi Bukterworth etanding bv cdiniiosedlv. i On Mr. Doyle's- touching Sickles on the shoulder, the latter at cjnec. desisted, and turning around, said : "Gentlemen, .this man has dishonored my bed " Upon this he took Butterworth 'sarin, and walking from the sjKit with the most jlcrfect self-p)ssessii on, proceeded to A liorne General Black's. and delivered himself into! 1 custodv, . Mrs. Sickles, adds, fhcj correspondent, is about 22 years of age, and! has two children. She is of Iti'.liaii extraction, and is said to be very pretty. Shortly after their marriage Mr. Sickles was ap)ointeijl Secretary of Le gation at London, and ii the household of Mr. Buchanan, then American Minister, and ' in Lonon Society, his bride was the object of much admiration, on account -of her char ming person and manners. Mr. Sickles is a native of New York cijty, nnd represents one of the Districts of that city in Congress He is about forty years of! age, of gOoiNpres ence and graceful mannere, and by his abili ties has won reputation a a rising leader of the Democratic party in jthe State of New York. He was originalJya printer by occii pa.lion. Mr. Key was the sou of Francis S. Key, thc author of the " Jijtar Spangled Ban-'' ncr." He was a widower with four children. Terrible Sterfmboat Disaster on the LIis3issippi Eiver. ' . On the 28th Feb., the splendid steandxiat Princess, from Yicksburg for New Orleans, crowded with passengers, f when near Baton Rouge on Sunday morning last, took fire and burned to the water Wdgej Thc-passengers were ' iposJly residents of Louisiana and Mississippi A large numberof ' ladies are among the lost. I Among the killed is Samuel Watts, of Virginiia. A reat ma ny survivors are badly scalded and otherwise injured. The Princess was one of the most magnificent boats on theiMisis.sij.pi. She and her cargo are a total loss. The cause of the fearful disaster, which has hurried so many precious souls into eternity, i ia not certainly known, butjit is reported the boat was behind time wherjshe reachedBaton Iioue ; and the engineer declared he would reach New Orleans bya cet tain time, or blow up the boat. If tin's be correct thc un fortu nate man paid dearly for his rashness, lie was cut entirely in two.-1" Besides the killed , and missing, about one hundred are wounded many dangerously. i Cost of Democratic LePlfilfttinn . ..w... ...ivv.. .,vi,.u.ij uvHuio i H1C OUII1 wLich a few years ago paid all thc exncWc ioftl,e Sate Gov rernment. A Bill to Establish aFree-Hold Home stead, j - See. 1 That it shall be lawful for any citizen of this State to file hi 1 J ; r ' A, er petition any Court of Pleas is or and Quarter Sessions, of the countv in which they reside, to have laid 'off a Homestead not exceeding fifty acres, to include the dwelling house, or a house and lot in any town, the lot not to exceed two acres, nor of a greater value than 500 dollars ; whereupon" thc Court shall appoint three freehol ders who shall lay off and allot to thq petitioner, by metes and bounds, the uuulwltau iiuy acres, ji ne have 6? much; if not, all; or in ease the petition be for a house and lot in town, the two acres inclildinff the dwel- " hT' by mttf W ,n1 ' return the 8anlC under their hands and seals to the next term of said Court.