. . . I
J
E JTlEDELTi EXTOESS,
runusiiEN weekly,
TI
VPw eq&r? fr the first weelc. ani
'
k. n.
(DRAKE.
BY
W, P. PRAKE.
Suttee wae .or , Icsa, wvU, trnVe, a square.-
Deduction mad ifi favorof standing inat
ter-tu follows 1 ' ' " . .
tmU B. DRAlLfi & SDN,
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VERMS OF THE TAT?ER,
1 "i"f4,: y,' t-
Vol. 1 1 1.
Statesville, N. C, Friday, January 13, 1860.
.-, r- "r ' ..... ...... . ... ,? . , . ... -. Urf' -V v v
to inrC4t b AdvertiAMiitnt, it tilU publiih-
$2 a Year, in Advance.
I
JHW
ti i -Kti,,-tvl.;ifa - ...'. - ,-.',.., ..'..'- - - ... . a . . ... "." ' .- ' ,
- ' - - - - - :. - ; . - ... ; .. , ,n. T . . .-.s, vm t uufmnn
r rv rv is. J rsT. re re : rc . rrs -rc rr . f: : im rz ? n 1 . . - r . "v
1-
MESSAGE.
l'i ioio clft.riiit J ft
awl JTone '.of'
, j
Jifprf.ic.ti lali iXS.
rk.,1 ,tr .,nA i,nnw.f,Jr .rrnt'.tnfJ A,
that Atmijrlity Power which has heetowed
xiponlus wch'vHricd and numerous blessings i
throi ghout the past yearLThe general ljealth
vtslhav hep umisimllv "nlMitifiil! And r.ro.
liave been unusuallv nlenttful. and rroa-1
m;i l.m,,l.,.i toV.l rn,l.i
1 - . . ' -
iiir timMna r r ..nil vt i .tint tlia Ion.
notwjthetandii); our dcnueritA,
IIVl U fill I tn llll VUII'Mllt HIV IWII't. -1 . V. ' I
reasdn to believe from the past event in our
- -
liibtcf v, that we have enjoyed the.peoial pro
fectiQn of Divine 1 rovulence ever since our
origili as a nation. We; have been exposed
to many threatening and alarming difficulties
in ouir progre-s; but on each successive ocoa-gion'jhe-impending
cloud has been dissipated
. at the inoinent it apjeared ready to burst uj
' on our head, and the daner to our institu-
, tions; has passed away. IMay we ever be un--
der t
he divine gniiiance anil jirotection !
hilstiti the duty of the J'residciit "from
jto time to give to Gongress information
time
of the state of the Union." 1 shall not refer
in dejtail to the recent ?ad and bloody occur
mires at Harper'- Ferry. iStill, i,t i.-i projier
to oltervetlifit these events, howeverbad and
criiel in themselves, derive their chief impor-
tance
fpohi- the RpprehrtifMOH thnt they are
rmjitpnis of au incumbje disease in the
but P
jjublii
mini, which may break out in still
morel
dangerous, outrages and terminate at
i.an open w;ir by the North to abolish
last i
f-iavcrv m t.ic riuini. iv mist, ior nivseir, i
nteilain no such ai.iprclil'iisiou, thev ought to
.tflorfi a solemn WTtningj to' us all to beware
ot the aiirn'oach ot danger. Uur Union is a
tnke
, . .'11- ,1 i
uTIi- i ItiiKlllllfl iirnlni. nj Ia i utnnr.'f I
... ........ ......v " j
our ri
uistant anu waiirniui vigilance ior .
I .,. . . .
n this view, let me implore
iircsffl-vinion
uiv couittrvmcn, NoVtl
Mill O.Htll. to CUltl-
vale
sue :
incient tt lniirr"
f mutual "forbear-!
itin-c
and
i n id-w ill
'towards each other, and
strive tr Q-Hay thcMemoiii 'spirit of sectional"
liatriM arid.sirit'e how alive in the land. This
ndvhfeiiroceeds from the heart of an old rmb-,
lie. fiinclionarv who-ie service commenced m
(he ijist generation, annoig I he wise and con
cervdttvc statesmen ot'tlnat dav, now nearlv
all,
'lissed awav, and whose first and dearest
eartl
lly wish is to 'leae his country tranquil,
pr s
U
iicrouri, uinteii, aiei liowenui.. .
ought to reflect thiit in this age. and
-penally in tins country, mere is aiP mccs-
iiit jfiux niiil iH-flux of iiiibhc opinion. (Jues
tion.4 which in their day ossumcd a most
t-lirea tening aspect, have now nearlv gone
Irom
th-emieinorv ol men. 1 hey are volca-
iioe
hnrnt out, and on the lava and ashes and
iillid scoria of old eruptions grow, the
jiencH'ul-live. the checrjicj vine, and the sus
tain Hm' corn." Sm b. in mv oointon, will
lirovk' to be the fate of the present sectional
cxcitlVmcnt, should those who wiselv seek to
"PP
y the remedv. continue alwavs tconfine
their efforts within the pale of the Constitu
tion..! II tins course be liiniVs.ued, ttie existing
agitation on the subject jof donieftic slavery.
liKe
give
lrov
k'vcrvtlimg human, will have its dnvnncl
place toother and lless threatening con
rsies. Public opinion in tliis countrv is
.'ill
tl
hi
.iill-powerfuTand when itj reaclit s a dangerous
vxcess upon any iiiostiin. the good sense of
icoiile will fnrundi I the corrective and
bring it l.a('1 within saSfti limits Mill," to
hast
u this auspicious .result, at the present
. we ought to remember that evei-y ra-
tioiiiil creature must be iiresuinel to intend
the liatural conseipieiiceslof'hisown teachings.
Thof'p who announce ,'ilif tract doctrines sul
vei ve ofthe .Constitution and the Union,
must not be surprised should their heated
, (artisans advance one step- further, and at
tempt bv violence to caii'v these doctrines in
to practical effect. In Ibis view of the sub
ject bt ought never to he forgotten that, liOw-
c.vcij great may hae been the political ad
vantljiges resulting from the Union to every
rtifn of our common country. ths??e would
all prove to be asjothing .should . the time
ever arrive when they cannot be enjoyed
without serious danger to the -personal safety
of the people of fifteen members of the con-
'fedc -acv. If the peace of the domestic -fire
side throughout these States hould ever be
invalded if the mothers of families within
this extensive region should not. be able to
, retiie to rest at night ..without suffering dread
ful apprehensions of wh.ut nriy be their Twn
fate and that of their children before -the
morning it would be v. lift to recount'to such
a people the olitical benefits which resultto
theii from the Union" Self-preservation is
the irst instinct of nature : and therefore any
state of society in which! the. sword is all the
time suspended over (he! heads of the people,
must at last become intolerable. But I in
dulge in no such gloomy forebodings. On the
contrary, I firmly believe that the events 'at
Uaiper's Ferry, by caihsing the people to
paufiejahd reflect upon the possible peril to
thei r cherished instil utioiis, will be the mea ns,
nndor I'rqvidcnce, of allaying the existing
"excitement and preventing future outbreaks
f a
similar character. Thev will resolve that
the
Constitution aud the Union shall not be
endangered bv'rash counsels, knowing that.
should "the siilver cord lie loosed or -the gold-
tow 1 be broken f;" at the fountain.
hunkan power could never reunite- the scat
tered and hostile fragments.
I
ordiallv congratulate vou uion the final
settlement by the Supreme (.'ourt of the Uni
ted States of the ouestion of slavery in the
Territories, which had jircsented an aspect so
trul v formidable nt the commencement ofmy
mlminiatration The ri.ht has been icstab
lishe.1 of every citizen to take his property of
any kind, including, slaves, into the common
Territories belonging equally to all the States
oft ie Confederacy, and to have it protected
thete under the Federal institution. Neith
er Congress nor a territorial legislature nor
anvj'humun power has anv authority to an
md or impair this vested right. The-supreme
judicial tribunal of the country, which is a
.co-prdinate branch of th5 Government, has
.aiietioned alid nflirmedj these principles of
constitutional law, so manifestly just in them
selves, and so well calculated to promote
periee and harmony among the States. It is
a striking proof of the sense pf justice which
is inherent in our people that the property in
slat ew has never been disturbed, to my knowl
elgk?, in any of the Territories. Even through
tmu the late troubles in Kansas there has not
beon any attemnt. an 1 am credibly informed.
to interfere, in a suede-
instance, . with ,the
right of the master. Iliad any such attempt
been 'made, t lie judiciary would doubtless
have afforded an adequate remedy. Should
thek' fail to do this. hereafter, it will then be
time enough to strengthen their hands' by
further legislation. Had it been decided that
either Congress or the territorial legislature
possess the power to annul or impair the
rig it to property in slavjes, the evil, would be
int derable. In the latter event, there would
be n struggle for a majority of the members
ot he legislature at each successive-election,
ari 1 the sacred' rights of property.held under
I hi; Federal Constitution would depend for
th time being on the result. The :agitatiou
wofuld thus be rendered incessant whilst the
territorial condition remained, andUts bane
lull influence would keep alive a dangerous
excitement among the people of the several
States. ' '
Thus has the status of a Territory, during
tle intermediate period j from its first, settle
ment Until it, shall become a State, been irre
vocably fixed bv the final decision of; the
Mi
reme '..art. Fortuiiate has this heen for
PRESIDENT'S
i the prosperity of the Territories, aa well as the
J tranquility of. the States. -Now, emieranta
from thp'North and the South, the Ertst apd
the Wpst,' wilt meet in the Territories oh a
common platform, ' havins brought with them
tl,at of property best ad.apteil.jn their
own oi'iuiog, to promote their.welfare. From
natra1 caes R f,rery q1iet oti will in
each case soon virtually settle itself ; and be-k
tfore the Territory is prepared .for admission
lasA State into the TTnion this decionVojit
n.n.r A II.. ..ill Kara llOAn fiA.fifl.Ah
coneiu.sion. jjieimwime lueseiiieuieuipuji
i i r i i .1 . . I j r i
new Territory will proceed without serious
interruption, and its progress and prosperity
will not beendangeredor retarded by violent
political struggles. . . '
When in the progress of events' the- inhab
itants tif any Territory shall have reached the
number required to form a State, they will
then proceed, in a regular manner, and in
the exercise of the rights of popular sover
eignty, to form a constitution preparatory to
admission into the Union. After this has
been done, to employ the language of the
Kansas and Nebraska act, they -"shall be re
ceived into the Union with or "withou t slav
ery, as their constitution may prescribe at the
time of their admission." This sound prin
ciple has happily been recognised, in some
form or other, by an almost unanimous vote
of both houses of the last Congress. '
All lawful means at my command -have
been employed, &ud shall continue to be em
ployed, to execute the laws against thtv Afri
can slave-trade. After a most careful and
rigorous examination of our coasts and a tho
rough investigation of the 'subject, we have
not been able to discover that anv slaves have
OtCIl i4l 1 lJl I Vlt Jilt-' HIV umnu in wo tAVI. V
' . . , , ...
the cargo bv the Wamterer. mimncrmg be
mrtii nut c tiiii i'jml .... . . t . ..vv v...
-1 . .. . 1inlwflll ftnf(irn,.is have hecri
rigorously prosecuted; but not with as much
j success astheirerimes have deserved. A num
I her of them are still under prosecution V
( )nr history jroes that the Fathers of the
"Republic, in advance of all other nations,
condemned' the African slave-trade. It wns.
notwithstcinding, deemed expedient ly-the
f ranters of the Constitution, to deprive 'Congress-of
t lie pfiwer to prohibit "the .migration
or importation ofsucli persons as any of the
States now existing shall think proper to ad
mit'' "prior to the year one thousand eight
hundred nnd eight."
It will be seen that this restriction on the
power of Congress, was confined to such .States
only ns might think "proper to admit the im
portation of slaves. It did not extend to oth
er States or to the trade carried on' abroad.
Accordingly, we hud that so early as the 22d
March, 1794. Congress passed an act impos
ing severe penalties and punishments non
citizens and residents of the United .States
who should engage in this trade between for
eign nations. The provisions of this act
were extended and enforced bv the act of 10th
May, 1SU0.
Again : The States themselves had a clear
right to waive the constitutional privilege in
tended for their benefits and to prohibit, by
their own laws, this trade at anv time they
thought proper previous to 1S0X. Several of
them exercised this right before that period,
and among them some containing the great
est number of slaves. This gave to Congress
the immediate oower to act in regard to all
such States because they themselves had re
moved the constitutional barrier. Congress
passed an act on 2Mb February, lwOvl, ','to
prevent the importation of certain persons in-.
te certain States where, by the Taws, thereof,
their admission is prohibited." Tn this man
ner the importation of African slaves into
the United States was, to a great extent, pro
hibited some years in advance of IS()8.
As the year 1808 approached. Congress de
termined not to -suffer this trade to exist even
for a single day after they had power to abbl-
i ish it On the 2d of March. 1807, thev pass
ed an act to taue eneet lrorn and alter the
1st day of .January, 1S0," prohibiting the
importation of Africnn slaves into the United
Stat.es. This was followed by subsequent
acts of a similar character, to which I need
hut specially refer. Such were the principles
and such the practice of our ancestors 'more
than fifty gears' ago in regard to the African
slave-trade.
It did not occur to'the revered patriots who
had been. delegates to the convention, and af
terwards became members of -ongress, that
in passing 'these laws they had violated the
Constitution which they had framed with so
much care and deliberation. They supposed
that to prohibit Congress, in express terms,
from exercising a specified power before an
appointed day, necessarily involved the right
to exereise this power after that day had ar
rived, j
If this yere not the case, the framersof the
Constitution had expended much: labor in
vain. Had they , imagined that Congress
WOnld possess no power to prohibit :the trade
either before or after 1808, they would not
have taken so much care to protect the States
against the exercise of this power before that
period.' Nay, more, thev would not have at
tached such vast importance to this provision
as to, have-excluded it from the possibility of
future repeal or amendment, to which pther
portions of the Constitution were exposed. It
would, then, have been wholly unnecessary
to erjgraft on the fifth article of the Constitu
tion, prescribing the mode of its own, future
amendment, the proviso, "that no amendment
which may be made prior to the year one
thousand eight hundred and eight shall iri
any manner affect" the provision in the Con
stitution securing to the States the right to
admit the importation of African slaves pre
vious to that period. .
According to the adverse construction, the
clause itself, on which so much care and dis
cussion had been employed by the meinbers
ot the convention, was an absolute nullity
from the beginning, and all that has 'since
been done under it a mere usurpation.-. t
It was well aud wise to confer this power
on Conzress. because, had it been left to the
States, its, efficient exercise would have been
impossible.. In that event any one State
could have effectually continued the trade not
only for itself but for all the other -slave State
though nelver so much. "against their --will
And why?! Because; African -slaves when
once brought within the; limits of any ;orie
State, in accordance j with its laws, cannot
ni l . e. . ci.
practiealty.be excluded from a"J' other State
where slavery exists. And cveiVif ,a!l" the
States ha'd) se'pntately tiassed laws -prohibit
i n o-1 h e i m porta tion of si aves: these taws owld
have 1'aifed ot rtect tor want 01 a navai tores
trt caoture the slaves ami ta guard Uic coasts,
Such a lores ho State -can etMploy is JUnaj&f
iteace witnoui me contscui ui mii .-.
- Thesa aks of Congress, Jt is believed, ha Vv
- - ,t t. y - t": a -..i5'
with vert rare ana insigpincam e.cepiiony.
accomplished'tlmf ' purpose.-' For- a perii1
of more than half a centuT Uier hasbiefl
no perceptabte additioii to the ixmubeir-otour
dome$tialaves;X)urimr hU Iriod,. their
ail vancementt U-civilization. hsrf far Asurpas
ed that of anv bthcj portion or.the African
race. Tli'e, ligtiC'aiidthe- blessing of. Chris
tianirv hate been Extended to the.m.'and both
their moral and physical conditioij ha'been
greatly improved. ! -jva?r:
j Beropeu.the.tradeind H5oldl'eMffionJt
to determins uwhether the .-effect J'6al4
more deleterious on the interests or the mas
ter OJ ob (.1)06$ Xt the uative-brrkHsBjave. Of
the fiYilr?.tbe niasterthe- one, iostf to be
drdd woulba ..thc introductios of wild.
; jieatheu, and ignorant harharwuia among te
sober, ; orflerlyratidjo
cestora have been on the soil for several gen
erations. This might tend to barbarize, de
moralize", and exasperate the whole mass, and
produce most deplorablrtastiseqnences,-' ;
X he eneet upon ther.existmg slavewould.
if iossible. be atillmore deolorabler t ore-i
sent he"s treated witH kindness ahdhnman-7
ity. die is' well fed, well clotfied, and not enf gress Jiad placed at my coinmand, under their
Terworked. , Ilia condition h , incomrjarablrespluiioa ofd June, 1858. , On the contra
better than that of tlpS coolies, which modern ry, the Treaident of that republic, id a friend-,
nations of high civilization have employed as lj spirit, aicceded , promptly tp the just and
a substitute for African slaves "Eoth :the:, reaspnable,demand3 of tneoveromentof the
philanthropy and the.6elf-iDterest of the mas- United States. ()ur cpmjnissioae? 'arrived at
ter have combined to produce this humane 'Astumptior..the capital- of the : republic, on
result. But let this trade be re-opened, and the 25th . January, 1850, and left, it on.-the
what will be the effect ? The same to a con- 17th of February, having in threeyveeks ably
sidrable extent as on a neighboring island ; and successfully accomplUhed all the objects
-the only plaee now on earth where the Af- j of his mission The ireajijes which he has
rican blave-trade.is openly tojerated: and thisi concluded, will Tae immedjately submitted to
in defiance of solemn treaties with a power : the Senate. ... ,t ., s . ;
abundantly able at any mOrhent to enforcej ; lu te view that th employment of other
their execution . - There th e .master, i n tent th an paacef u 1 means might becom e. nacessa
upon present gain, extorts from the slave as j ty to obtain "iust satisfaction'' from Pajagnav,
much labor as hi's phvsical powers are capa
ble of enduring knowing that, when death
comes to his relief, his place can be Supplied
" ' . v " i . r , i
comoetition of rival African slave-traders. f
at a pirice reduced to the lowest points by the
Ol 1,1 1 . ii ' ' i
Should this ever be th case in our country--
which I do not deem, possible the present
useful character of the domestic institution,
wherein those too old and too young to work
are provided for with care and humanity, and I
those capable of labor are not overtasked,
would undergo an unfortunate' change. The
feeling of reciprocal dependence and attach
ment which now 'exists between master, and
slave would be converted into mutual distrust
and hostility. ' .
But we are obliged as a Christian and mor
al nation to consider what would be the ef
fect upon unhappy Africa itself if we should
re-open the slave-trade. This would give the
trade an impulse and extension which it has
nevcHind even in. its palmiest days. The
numerous victims required to supply it would
convert tne w n oie slave coast into a penecn
1 Hmi.-mi.'iouiii, 101 n hu h 11113 tuiiiitrv ivuuiu I
be held responsible in the eves both of Cod
and man. Its petty tribes would then be con
stantly engaged in predatory wars against
each other for the purpose of seizing slaves to
supply the American' market. All hopes of
African civilization would tlius be ended.
On the other hand, when a market for Af
rican slaves shall no longer be furnished in
Cuba, and thus all the world be closed against
this trade, we may' then indulge a reasonable
hope for the gradual improvement of'Africa.
The chief motive of war among the tribes will
cease whenever there is no longer any .de
mand for slaves. The resources of that fer
tile but miserable country might then be de
veloped by the hand of mduetry' and afford
subjects for legitimate foreign and domestic
commerce. In this .man her Christianity and
civilization may gradually penetrate the ex
isting gloom.
The wisdom of the course pursued by this
Government towards China has been vindi
cated by the event. Whilst we sustained a
neutral position ii the war waged by Great
.Britain and France against the Chinese em
pire, our late minister, in obedience to his in
structions, judiciously co-operated with the
ministers of these powers in all peaceful
measures to secure by treaty the? just conces
sions demanded by the" interests of foreign
commerce. The result: js that satisfactory
treaties have been concluded with China by
the respective ministers of the United States,
Great'Britain, France and Russia. Our "trea
ty, or general convention of peace, amity and
commerce," with that empire was concluded
at Tientsin on the 18th June, 1858, and was
ratified bv the President, bv and with the ad-
vice and consent of the Senate, on .the 21st
pecember following.
;l On the loth December, 18)8, John K.
Ward, a distinguished citizen of Georgia, was
duly commissioned as envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary, to China. He
left the I nifed States for the place of his des
tination on the 5tli of Febrnarv, 1850, bear
ing with him the ratified copy of this treaty,
and.arrived at Shanghai on the 28th May.
From thence ho proceeded to Peking on the
Jbtli .June, but did not arrive it that? citv un
til 27th Julv. According to the, treaty the
ratifications were to be exchanged on or be
fore thed8th June, 1859. This was rendered
impossible by reasons and events beyond his
control, not necessary to detail; .but Btill it.
is due to the Chinese authorities at Shanghai
to state that they always assured him no ad
vantage should be taken of the delay, and
this 'pledge has been faithfully redeemed.
Oh the arrival of Mr. Ward at Peking he
requested an audience of the Emperor to pre
sent his' letter ..of credence. This he did not
obtain, in consequence of his very proper re
fusal to submit to the humiliating ceremonies
required by the etiquette of this strange peor
pie In approaching, their sovereign. 'Neveri
thelcss the interviews on this question were
conducted in the .most friendly '.spirit and
with all due regard' to his personal feelings
and the honor of his country." When a pre
sentation to his Majesty was found to be im
jHissiblc, the letter of credence from the Pre
sident was received with peculiar honors by
Kweiliang, "the Emperor's prime minister
and the second man in the empire to the Em
peror himself." The ratifications ofthe trea
ty were afterwards, on the 10th' of iAug-ust.
exchanged in proper ..form at-Pei-tsa.ng. As
the exchange did not take place until after
the dav prescribed bv the treaty, if is deemed
proper before its publication, again to submit
it to the enate.
It is but simide" justice to the Chinese
authorities to observe, that throughout ithe
whole transaction, they appear to. have; acted
in good faith and in a friendly spirit towards
the United States. It is' true this has beer,
done after their own peculiar fashion ; but
we ought to regard with, a lenient eye the
ancient customs of an empire' dating back for
thousands of years, so far as this may be con
sistent with our, own national honor.. The
conduct of our minister on the occasion has
received my entire" approbation. - :tv.
In OTder to carry out the! spirit of this trea
ty, ami to give it full effect, it became neces
sary to conclude two" 'supplemental conven-tions--the
ohe Tor the adjaetraentan satis
faction of .the claims of oiif, citizens, apd the
other to fix the tariff on ini ports and ex portal
arid to regulate the transit duties and trade of
bur merchants witlfClunaiyThis- duty Ava$
eatisfactorilyperformed byjour lateninister.
These 'conventions .benr date'at Shanghai" 6n
th e- 8th- Nov em Uer L858. ; Havi ng been con
sidered in thelightof binding agreements sub
sidiary to the principal treatv, and to Jbccar-
..'! & .1 .t ..tf-l'l.' ' -1 , J. 5I ..
riea into execution. jvataOTeiayaeyxrojiot
provide for mifraisi&esiimnge
of ratifications by the, contracting parties.
This vrns nbi deemed tiecessary by the Chi
ftese, whoiarejalreadyi ,raeio irtrgood
iaith "o satisfy the cUim$ooiirt!ens,.and,
it isIioped, to carry bui Ihe 'other provisions
4f ih.conventions.Stifl Itougit Vns
propertosubmk, them ta Uie Senate, by whicb
Ihey, were ratifiedoo t-hft 3d Marck 1859.
The'rafified &rAji&kir.l did hot I reach j
Shanghai untibaftthpartaf b-f
coLldoL thereforeTteexlLnsedat thesamV
time WHtf thrin C!ST
enainlUatlraafied
eh'anged byhe Chinese government,; sho A?
this-be thought advisable f $ulr under JL&M '"ih
cinnimstancespreseted;IshitVeo BVZ?$ JSHSM
binding .engagements. pthHmV ' eDaea' ' -'f ri H
parties,, and eause them to be published as
such for.thednformation of our merchants
trading with, the.phinese empire, j , .
.It affords me much eatisfactipn ictinforni
yon tliat all our difficulties, with .".the, republic
of l?araguay have been saUsfactorily.adjnsteiL.
It'haDilv did not uecolne
ploy th.erforce ior thia purnose which Con-
a strong naval force was concentrated, ia the
La Plata to await contingencies, whilst, our
commissioner ascended the rivers to Assump
l,x"" 1 , ";""Bi'"u "
rrtat rrdif (nr.thA : nmmninMi -ofRnan 1
r . . . . . ...
and economy witii. which this expedition
WM fitted, out-and conducted. It consisted
0f piaeteetn .arcned Vessels, great and small,
carryins 20ft guns and 2,500 men , all under
ih command, of the veteran and eallant
Shubrick. The entire expenses of the exoe
di tion have been defrayed out of the ordina
ry appropriations for the naval service, ex.
cept the piom of $?9,t)00, applied to the purs.
chase ol seven ot the steamers, constituting
a part of if, under the authority of the naval
appropriation act of i he 3d March last. It isf
believed that these steamers are worth mors
than their'icostf nnd ihey are all nownsefully
and actively employed in the naval service
The appearance of sa large a force, titled
oil! m such a prompt manner, in the far dis
tant waters of the La Pia!a, aud ;he admira-
be Pond0rt of the officers and men emp'oy.
g(j j( jjve had a Ol
appy effect in favor of
our country throughout all that remote por
tion of the world. - . .
Our relations with ihe great empirps of
France and Russia, a wellas with all other
governments on the continent of Europe, un
less we may except th it of Spain,' happily
continue b be of the most friendly character
In my last annual message I presented a"
statement oi the unsatisfactory condition of
our relations with pain ; and 1 regret 4 say
that this has npt malerially improved With,
out special reference to olhar claims, even
the "Cuban claims,1' the payment off which
has been ablv urged by our m'mitprs, and in
which more than a hundred of our citizens
are directly iuters'e.t, rpmaui unsa'iofipd,
notwithstanding 00' h their jiiRtice and the r
amount (12(? fi35 54) hsnl buen recognised
and ascertained b the Spanish government
itself. ' ' " , ;
I again recommend thai an appropriation
b ;.-iade ''to' be paid to the Spanish govern
ment for the pnrpose of disiribution among
the claimants in the Amis'adcase." In com
mon with two ot my predecessors, f enter-
lain -no- lubl zhut -iW. ia-. required by oar
treaty with Spain of ihe 27ih October, 17575.
The failure to discharge this obligation has
been employed by the cabinet of Madrid as
a reason against :he settlement of our claims.
I need not repeat the arguments which I
urged in my last annual message m favor ot
the acquisition of Cuba by fair purchase. My
opinions on that measnre remain unchanged.
1, therefore, again invite the serious attention
of Congress to this important subject With
out a recognition of his policy on their part,
it will be almost impossible to institute nego
tiations with any reasonable, piospect of bur.'
cess.
Until a recent period there was good rea..
son to believe that I should be able to an
nounce, to you on the present occasion that'
our difficulties with Great Bri'a n, arising out
ofthe Clayton and Bulwer treaty, had beei
final'y adjusted in a manner alike honorable
and satidactory to boih pirties. Fromcau
es, however, which the British- government
had not anticipated, they have not yef com
plefod treaty arrangements with the republics
of Hondmas and Nicaragua, in pursuance of
the understanding between the two govern-,
ments. Jt is. nevertheless, confidently ex
pected that this good work will ere long be
accomplished. - - ' 1
Whilst jindtflging the hope" that no other
subject remained which could disturb the
good understanding between the two coun
tries, the question arising out oT the adverse
claims of ihe parties to the Island of San Juan,
um(er the Oregon treaty of the 15th of June,
1846, suddenly assumed a threatening pro
minence. In order to prevent unfortunate
collisions on that remote frontier, the late.
Secretary of State, on the 17th July, 1855,
addr issed a note to Mr. Crarnpton then Brit
ish ministerat Washington) communicating
to him a copy of the instructions -which, he
Mr Marcy had given, on the 14ih July,
to Gov Mevens, of Washing-ton ! erritory,
having a lepecial reference to an ''apprehend,
ed conflct betwen our citizens and ihe BriU
ish subjects on the Island ot. San Juan." To
prevent this, the governor was instructed
''that the'ofh'cers of ihe Territory should ab
stain from all acts on-the rfisputed gTOnnds
which are ca culated to ; provoke any vconi
flicts, e far as it can be dope- w'a.hoMt imply
ing the concession to the authorities of Great
Britain of an exclusive right over the premi
sps.?',The'iitle ought o be "settled before
either party should attempt to ' ecludefh
other bv iforce, or exercise complete andestv
clu'ive sovereign rights within thetawly-dis',
pjted limits. : "
In acKiiowisuing tree receipt on me nexr
day of Mr. Marey's iiote the British minister
expressed his entire' cone urrence 4 io the pro
priety 01 Jheepurse recamnieaeu to ..the oy
of VVa hiingtoo. rerritory . by yon c Mr Map
cy 'sl instriKitions to that ofRceri" amt plating7
tharhe had "lost no time m Mrausrmuiiig- a
copv'df that docnmeiit to the g.svernor-gen;
eraiof , British .North Araarka, and, had,
"earnestly recomfnended to his Kxcellepcy;
fotake sncb measures as to him rny appear
best aTculatetf fo'seoare, ort I; eopart of "the
British loc a auiborivies and the iphahitaTts
ofthe teighborbood ot the ne in qneation j
the exercise 61 Oie sinie spirit iiroaraAc'e;
whichls Sncqlcatfd by you Mr Marcy 'on
tbe aothofities and citizens' of th United
"Thns, matters remained opoo e faith of
this Jrraiigeraeni IWtU th'e,9th Jufy lastwhen
Geri Harney pari"- vwitlo'the lslafld'Vlg
foil rrd -upon - i watyfi vfeWAm meAfAiS
dents .iltU their notaW? ':$KWihtofi
fivb on t of ahA uhdsoaV JJsj' Compaq y: fof
the.purpase.of rafting heep. iphoit" iin
before,hts arrival oneoC these- Hsiehti had
Shot art art) mal betortlm'gto5 rhejeompwiy'
rhick; hjcjeet offered to pay iwice.Ul
yle iu l tha yrss 4ref useJL . .6onn j.fte
-tie chief factor of tieompanv" ? Victoria.
M.'iVf'.
'tf
.Uude these fiircumaTances 'ijKA'roeajj '
settlers presented a !Wftiqn'".ti.th0Ci?neral J
"through" he ttnifedlateiTios"pecor of cus- '
toms Mr. Hubbs, 1 9 place .a force jip Vn,. be '
Island to protect lh.erro.3&lod.ns!is,
well as the' oppress! v interference . of. . the
authorities of ThelHmfs6r,.BijjCp 'at
Victorja.with their righ's as American cjti
ziis'' fhe Gertefal initediately responded
to this petition, and ordered Captain -George
EPickeU.th infanty' to esfablisb oiscomx
paoy oh BelWvue, or 5an" Jfian7.fsIat.d,Ton
some'sui'ablepbsitmrt hear theHarbor at the
southern exrefniiy,". This order was prorrTpt
ly,obejed,and a military post was establish
ed at the ptace designated. The Torce'was
afterwards increased, o that by the last re
turn,. he, whole number oj trpdpsthen On the
island amoutiied irt'thetaregale to -691
i ,Whils('t ' thrtp't'dern'it'p'roper on ibe pre
sent occasion jj 'go' further into the" subject T
and discuss tBe weight' Whictj ouzht to te
attached to thestatements of the Britjsh coF
oni&l authorities, cor.festing the -accuracy of
the. information on which the gallant General
acted, 11 was due to , Kirn that I should thus
present nis own reasons tor iSBaing theo"
j .nv. re-ir.. -. t r
der to Captain Pickett. From these if isnuiie
clear his object was to prevent,'. the. British
authorities on ajcouyer's Island frm ex
ercising jurisdiction oyer raencan residen ts
on the Jslatid, of San Juan, as well aa to pro
tect them .aga'insf the. incursions of the Indi
ans. '. ' "(."'"' '"", .
Much pxciteraent prevailed fer Wrnejime"
inrougnoui uiai ibiou, auo serious fianger
of coMisipn between the parties was. appre
herided. The British had a Iare naval force
in the vicinity ;'and if is but an act of simple
justice to the admiral on that station, to state
that he wisely and discreetly foxpore to com
mit any hostile act, but determined to refer
the whole affair to his government and, await
their instructions. . " .
This aspect of the matter, iu my opinion,
demanded Serious attention , Tt yould have
been a great calamity for both nations bad
they been precipitated into acts of hostility
not on the. question of title to the Island, but
merely concerning what should be its condi
tion during the intervening period whilst the
two governments might be employed in set .1
tling the question to... which of them it be
Imnr th mi t ion f A tat it in h rt t Vi r it I t
longs For this reason Lieutenant General
8cott was despatched on the 1 7.ib September
last to Washington Territory to take irrjmedi
ate command of the United States forces on
the Pacific (coast should he deem this neces
sary. The main object pf hi mission was
to carry out ihe spirit of the precautionary ar
rangement between the late Secretary of
btate and the bnlish minister, and thus tp
preserve the peace and prevent collision be
tween the British and American authorities
pending the negotiations between the two
20vramen!s. hntertaunng no doubt ol the
validity of our title, 1 need scarcely add that,-
in any event, American citizens were to be
braced on a footing .t least as favorable as
that ot British subicts. it being understood
that Captain Pickett s company should re
main on the island. It ts proper to observe
that, considering the distance from the scene
bt actirtn, and in ignorance of what might
have transpired on the-spot before the Gen-
eral's arrival, it was necessary no leave much
to his discretion, and I am happy to state the
event has proven that this discretion could
not have been int rested to more competent
hans- General Scott has recently returned
from his mission, having sui-cessfully ac
complished its objects, ami there is no longer
any good reason to apprehend a colliion be
tween the forces of vhe two countries during
the pendency of the existing negotiation:: -
I regret to inform you that there has been
no improvement in the affairs of Mexico
incemy last annual message, aud i am a
gain-obliged to ask the earnest ttenti3n of
Congress to the unhappy condition of lhat re
public."" ' " -
The constituent Congress of Mexico, which
adjourned on the 1 7th of February, 1857, a
dopted a coristrtufi jn and provided for a pop
ular election, This took place in the follow
t! ing July-, 1857' and General Comaafort
-t was chosen President; almost without oppo
sition. At the same election a new Congress
was chosen, whose first session commenced
on the 16th of September, S. By the
constitution of 1857 the presidential term
was to "begin1 on the 1st of December, 1857,
and continue for four years-. On thai day
General Comonfort appeared before" He as
sembled Congress in the city of Mexico, took
the oath to support the newconstitution, and
was duly inaugurated as Presiden-. Within
a month afterwards he had been driven'from
the capital, and a military rebellion had as
signed the supreme power of the -republic to
General Zuloaga. The Constitution provided
that in ihe absence of the President his office
should devolve upon the Chief Jus'ice pf the
Supreme Court, and, Gen. COrrjoufort having
left the ' country, this function aty, General
Juarez, proceeded to form, at Guanajuato, a
coasfuutionaj government. Before this was
Officially known, however, at the capital, the
government bf Zuloaga .had been recognised
by the entire; diplomatic corps including the
minister ol tao Unitea j.ates. asfhe ac facto (
government of Mexico -Tne Cone. notional
Presi'daf, neyertheleis, mairitained his po
silioa with firmness, and was soon establish
ed with his cabinet nt .Vera Crvjz Mean.
while, 4 he., K," vero.ue.nl of Zuloaga -vas earn
estly resisted ia many parts of the repualic,
and eyeu in me jpapta4, a'rortioa of the ar-,
qay.having pronounced igahist it, its func
lioas were deoiared terminated, and an as ,
sembfy of citizens was lnviietl for the choice.
of.& new' President... This. assembly elected
Geueral Muamoh but that offlcer repudia
ted ie plan under which he was chosen, and
Zulpagawas thu restored to . his previous
position. He assumed it, h;wever,, only' to
wiihdra fr?on it anjl Jlkamoii, having be ,
come,- by'his Hppoiaimeul. '-'President Sub.
LitJieJ'" jconlinues, with Uiait title, at the
head ot"the,iasiKgenl. pariy. . . .t
U lri my last annual message I commur
ni6ated to Corigress the ircumstanee
under which the lat a "-Mi nister of the
riitejdtates pexi-edhir officiai re;
Iations'with the'C'iHtal bvfirurrient;
and fwitMr0w.ffOiftt-ilie country. It
was iiapossibierto ntaintafnrienalylflh
terco irrse witn s, igo vera intni i?m o uuu
al the"'"titelnn4erwh
atliorify worlg y? eWcpsrstaritly eorii
hjfttedj put never idressei!: TIal this
ftspover exid tngji jlie JiQ 91
tbe'peop:Aye?vtneayy.npU:,ueotieo,
might i Jead ttft eoqdiiioii of things leai
fDjurionS'ta t'.Uaite4.f State This
unceess becftme-s- probabio-hatin J ant
aditnCprec
reataa n inousozreyoxa?
lebHIi TTvtteetsf thereeasttttroiu.
have bcei:itjdstifiablr and'-mdeed
neces'aTY.r But .the anfrVri-tliipi'ef
BuccessOL tha- eoasutuUQQai iTcsuicnt
ttar3Tasf?I mpkyeo7 rename ngfni
aUaue, I felt justified ja Appointing Jlast) iHvill feel authorized to ask from
new. tninbterta -lloxico,, .lio' rnighit Gwigress the piower. to enter Mexico
mbrkbe thi5 earliest suitaWei oppenilTth'iKo-iniHtiirVVoitTS'of'the 1 United
mty :t reiotiffg-"l(HirJ -'diptoihuttc relaft States, --'at thep.tll of thenco
tions with'tha (u.oi'der to 1
STartJanV
was selected, ,whp, proceeded" oii,ivi
mission; 6 the Bth of Marehf lastj viti
Al. .ii i
u wrtfiiuuaa-y' " attuioriiyr 10 1 recognu'
the government k Iresfilent J uarez, f f
on hi tifri'ral in "Mexico e filiouid'ri! ;
it Entitled t6 suclTbcbgrjition, ftccorrii
ing to the .established. . practice of tlv
United States. Om the 7th of Arjrilfc4'-
lavv in,.Mr.3IcLanet.presented bis cr
dential to President Juarez having nH
hesitation 1 lniyroinouncirjffthe ttovenn
nieht of .TnareB t$b6 the cmlr existiriil
r t
IB ey nave .ever , sino
manifested the moist friendly dispbsitia;
towards the Uniteki States. .TJnhapnilt;
howeVer;- th .stitntionl --.'govenll-
ment has not been able to establish it j
power over the whole repuhl
supportccl by a lsirffe" majority " tt itA
people -and the Suites, but there aro iivj.
po i- tan 1 parts 01 :wie country w;ueroj
can enforce no obeilie nee.- General MSft
ramon maintains himself at the canita)
and ili 'some" of tjie distant j province
habere are tnilitary gorernors 'whV'pti,
uvtie respect to te . aecreesoi eito
government. In "ipe meati time' the ei
cesses which, always attend upon
war, especially in iilexico, arjecoi&teirl
t3T'Teeurrtng. Outrages of ( the worti
description are ?6mmitte both upcti
persons' and propertyr There isscaej-
ly any.forni of infury rhlct
n , nas pt
i in Mexi)
been sufjToredJjy our citizens
durins the hist few years. We havt
been nominally at peaca with that iff
public, but lso far as the- ihtereits.Ajf
our commerce or of our citizens wh-'i
have visited the" country US merchant W
. . .' . - ' ' -
shipmasters, or in other capacities, ani
concerned, we might as well have be&V
at war." Life hais been insecure,' pr'
oertv nniirotected,. and trade imnosi
ble except at a risk or loss which pry7n
dent men eannotl be expectejd to iniv.
Important contracts, involving lar
expe'rditures, entered into by the cej
tral governmeut.Siave boen.set at iM-
fiance by the lacaI government8Peaefi-
tul American residents, occupying thf
rightful possessions, have been sudden
ly expelled the country, in defiance 'jf
treaties, and y the mere force of arVt
trary, power. Ey3n the com jSe. of justify
has not been" safe from control, and4
recent decree of Miramon permits tr.
intervention of government! in all su
where either partly ts a foreigner. Vc
sels of the United States ihave beffi
seized without la.lv, and a consular o
cer who protested against such seizu
has been lined and ini prisoned or d;
respeet to the antliorities. Military Qo-)-tiibutio'ns
have been levied in violatiii
of every principle of right,' and the
merican AvholrcsSsted . tho lawless'(,
riiand . has . had his. property fbt cil4r
taken away, and has been lmslfbj
ished. ' Froma-cdnflictof authority ili'
different parts- of ithe country, tariff-d-ties
which have been paid in one platte
have been exacted oyer again In anotT -er
place; Large ntimbers of pur. dtize
have been arro&ted and imprison tiJ
without any formi of examination &
any opportunity for a hearing,-and c
en when released have only obtajnfil
their liberty afteir much suffering afl
injury and yithout any hope of red retf .
The wholesale massacre of Crabbe. ai-rt
his associates without trial;in SpuOKt,
as well as the seizure and jnumler
four sick Americans who ,bad tak( n
shelter in the house of an j Amcric
upon the soil of tike United States; w s
communicated to' Congress at its ltjt
session. Murders of a still more atjt
cious character Isave been committtl
in the vry heart of M exicq, under fc
authority of Mimmon's govern metri,
during the presentt year- Some of the so
were only worthy of a barbarous aje,
and, if they had iOt been clearly pre v
eu, would have seemed impjossible iii'a
country which claims to beieiviiizcd;r-
Of this description was the brutal ms-
sacre in pii lasi., vy umcrui cncu
Marquez, of three American physicians",
vno were seized in trie nospuai at
cubaya while attending upon the stlk
1 Tl V-: ' '.Oil .il .
ann tne ayingoi.iuoiaparupiuuu w.ii
out trial . as- without . cri mev were 1
ried away- to ospoedy execution. - Jiile-
less shocking was the recent fate fpf
Ormorrd Chase, ho was shot in -Tc C
onthetth of August byr pMerof &b
same, Mexican general not only ytjl .
otit sw trail, btvifwithout any. wnjec,f;xc.
by his friends ol the cause of his ari..
lie is represented youg.nif
S...LJ .i .. . .j ; -1 1: a 3
goou cnartu ier nn iiiLcuigeirce,
had made namefonsfricnds Tn Tepiy
tlic ccttragC rfndhumamtf whrchiiiV j
had"sdacdrqr seyerKItyi hg oq;
ston.;a.nl Eideiya.M;iMie$pc
as it was shocking tQ the whole sim?,
munity. .Other oatrages might bei 4iu
meratetl; bat th4se are sufficient. t'il
lnstrtie the wretched state of the ein
tfy aFthtf ftnjrptc6tetf "(ridnditioiiof
tUenSrsQnlnd lsjjct 6j ouirj cigirt
lu alHhese cajsies mxr ministers lfve
ly pxwrlessf -:j make. 1 heir 5 dem ids
effieMiix.VheiilJtesUaiQay in thi ue
peefcfnrl rrh-eferJDneo toitho only-jre
11 . :!. .!-., r?l A
eramenLot tWtedtaXw'Pte
win lato tmnister - to.-i5it
ptsrrpoefto punish thesor
rftit,1! fissure vwt that1
holier herflifj tha.t tliem u nnt.hinir
TXhriimXKrhmU:
J. -i s. i C - "?
tha-tjiterlSLte and That lot-al X-
kain voflitaala can.iedninxii these ootrj
a. .'T - 1- T?.:i 7- .'iJt. "i"--L
upon American aUzenst with itte
imnuntty 1 l-ope he- Pro4:pt?
fwroeer owT'YrKmttmnwter ia An fust ;
yose auiaiuiiruisoeuciiizenoiJj.arTuan':! izens ana uie treatv. v
govern caent.ot ttw; iteptiblic He "Wi
cordially "teceived by" the auiKorifies 1
S ... - -i . -l -!'.-' - - .
v era 1 ruz, ana
been eoristant and faithtul in theirtflo
miinds for;? cdressjbhtrvth nhey,jrfd
thtsoyci limej hr.
cs-tvel'ii renreseted havoTee wi loi-
tistittitional
Protect the cit-
itrlits 01 the Uni
ted States. "CTnless such a powfir-ls CQn
ferred upon Jaira, neither the . one nor. -the
other will be respected in the exists
inff-state bf anarxhy and isorder: and
the'dutrftges afrend penetrated vrill
never ye eqastiea; - aua; as 1 assurea
jou in, ina 23,all tbese - evils :must !
inereasevuptjl ey vestige of, order '
and; goveiment,. disappears frota the
pcouhtrv. I have been reluctantly led
to; the- 8ftin. opinion; and, in justice to
my countrymen who "have- suffeted '
vrroirigs frmji Mexico, and who my still
suffer,. IheuQ, "J; feel boanil 16 announce
this cquclusibulo Congress. " ,j V
The case presented, however, ia not
merely- a case of imhrKmat claims, nl-
tho'ttgh ohr just claims against Mexico"
hare reached 'ayry. tarffe'amottnt-
ofpfoteUoh
to th e li yea aud propert3 of the
Americaus wbo. may fttill cmai i -
rMexIco, although the lifo andproperty
otever, American citizen oughito be
sacred ;v nrcjiected in every quarter of
.Ch'Q''oBa.''"t'"!fja" a qnestioa yhicli
relatespih9 ftitur as Well as to tLh'o
piesent nml the past, and 'whldh ,In
vol ves, i ndirectly - at least, the whole
subject of our duty to Mexico as a neigh
boring Statet The exercise of the pow-
eriof the tTnilcd StateSin that country
to redress tne wrongs ancr protect the
rights of out ovyu citizens is none. ihe.
less to be desired, bemuse, efficient and
necessary aid n ay thus be rendered at
the same time t&pestore peace arid or
der to Mexico itself In the accomplish
ment of this result the people ot the
Uriitcd States must necessarily feel a
deep and earliest interest, Mexico ought
to be a rich arid prosperous and power
ful republic- She possesses an extensive
territory, a fertile soU, and an incalcu
lable store-of mineral wealth. She oc
cupies aft1 important position letween'
thesf XJulf and the'peean' for transit
routes and for commerce Is it po'ssible ,
that such acountiy asthiscan bejgivcii
tip to anarchy and ruin without jau ef-,
fort from any quirterfor ii rescue and it fetyl
Wiff jhe commercial nations of the world, which
have o many interests connected with Jt, remain"
' 'wh'otty MidifTeren? if g'iich a" result! Can th
Unite? Statesrei'pecialb, which-'aught tcj Bhajo
most largely in its commerciaf interourie, . al
1o their immediate rveighbor tbus 1 destroy it
selfsnd injure them? Yet, without support from.
I some quarter, it is impossible to perceive now
Mexico can' resume tier position among nations
and enter upon a career which' promises any
good results, .The aid .which ah' requires, a,ri J
which ibe interests of all commercial countries,
require that she should have, ithelanga :te this
Government to retnler, not only by virtu of our
neighborhood to Mexico, along whoa territory'
v& have a continuous frontier of nearly k tborj
sahJ miles, hot by virtue, also, of our estsldisbetr
policy, which is inconsislent with tbe; iutervea
f ion l any EuropesB Power in the doaeslie
concerns of that repobhe, ,-.
Thewronga which we hte suffered froin Misx"
ico are before the world! and rQUst deeply imt
press ecry. American ruizen. A government
which is either uoabfc or unwilling to .jredreM
such wronga ia derelict to its highest dsties. Tbe
difficulty eonsists to selecting snd enforcring
remedy.- Wo may in vain apply to lh constitu
Lion's I government at Vera Cruz, although it is
wejl disposed to do ui justice, for adequate redress-..!-
Whilst its authority ii acknowleiif ed ia
all ibo important ports , and ihrooghout bs sa
coauts of tbe republic, its power does not oxtenJ .
to the eity of Mexico and the Slates in ita vici
ity'. wherer nearly all th recent outrage: have
been committed on me'ricaH citizens. .Wo must
penetrtie int.) the interior before we can- reach
the Offenders, and ibis can only be done tiy pass
ing thro ogh the territory in the occopajtioa o(
the constitutional government. Tbs most aceepo
table and (east difficult mod of accomplishing
the object wilt to jto act in concert "With that
government.Theirconsrnt and their aid night,
I believe, be obtained ; but if not, our , obligation
to; protect our own ritizena'in heir just 'rights,
secured by treaty, would oot be the less impera
tive. For these reasons, I recommend to V,oa
gress to pass a law authorizing the Pffaident,
under such conditions as they may de'OT erpedi
enl. to employ a sufficient military force to en
lei Mexico for the purpose bf obtaining iodemnt
ty for the psl and security for the future. (
purposely ' tefraio from any suggestion - to
whether ibis force shall consist of regulaS trsops
or volunteers, Or both. This question its y be
most appropriately left fo ihe decision ctf Con
trefs. I would merely observe thst, should vol"
uriteers te selected,' rach a force coo Id be easily
ralsetl iri tbla'coantry among those wbolsyrapo
tbize with the soffcrifljjs of our unfortunate fel.
low-rcitizeo in .Mexico, and with thei-unhappy
j eonJitwn ollbat republic. urh an aceftsoiMla
I ' : . :
j frtrce, df ihe cosstnufionsl government would
:;-niWt h mm to reseh the city of Mesico nsl
eltend fts power over the whole republic In
that event there fa4 00 reason to dolibt lihat tbe
jusf claims of our "c'rliZcns would be satisfted. snd
adequate redress obtained for tbe injuries inflict
ed upon them, Tbe enesiituiioiial govrrneieol
have ver eviaced strong desire U do too jus
tice, and this" might be secured ia advance by a
rrilimioary treaty,. - " ' J '
ll a)ay lie said that "these measure 0t, it
least indirectly, be inronsislent with our wire and
settled policy not to interfere in tbe aomet:o
coiccros of foreign nationa. But does not th
present case. fairly 'constitute art exception An
Sftjoirpng republic is in elate of anarchy and
confuWiOn frtem whtcli she has proved wholly un.
Aito eirTcate1leirelf., 8he is entirely destitul
of the power jo maintain peace tiOD her oiien.
or4 1 prevent ine. ucpiwurif.pi uauiuiu ,mim vvi
8hf now,, wreck upon tbe oceannns
of'uBdertakOibsi Uakrsdihus force os to interfere
! 1 - -1 -r :.,j A.m.
i - r-
! -..t-'fm iturminiratan bf our eatablisbed Pol-
fliJ '1. i-."--i 1 - ."'" '.'1-
, f repeat the recommendation contaiosj in my
tort annual message that authority may be gjven
1 i m. 1 . i i" . , s . .. 1 lull nrrrani ist(n
T01gSr h$f 1 fd helghbq sbalt we not ejten4 lo bar
the nnrWwa 'J$itiM faTM ,f m D0 ic
.a Ik. 1' S 1 H.hMt m kii1.t m Ali tlAlB
3 I r : fOUlV WM WpS" ll""-VttlW WtM ..wW-
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