Newspapers / Iredell Express (Statesville, N.C.) / Jan. 13, 1860, edition 1 / Page 2
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.'V : '' ; y ' i if. v t t . 'i it 4' " i ill 1 t , . f :! f fit- . . , ' i '. if ' , 'i , i ;. r ': re i-r- " u f ! : i - u - ' i ' . ' i '; Iks. , 5 H 1 : 2- Vi :'!! ,f, '' h.- t I : V.. . At tt"- r 1 f s - tc i him. r;..r U. l I .i. I.l,, ? I;) !; id- l i " i s. M'.VJr- II' 1 '.' ii . -I . 'II it a v ill i'V 1 v to the President to establish one or more temporary military posti across the Mexican 'line in the Sonora and Cbihuahna, where these way be necc6ary to protect, the lives find" prWrly of American and Mexican citi eh8 nffiunst the incursions and depredations 'f the Indians, us well lawless rovers on that remote region. The. etabliehment of nc u h post at a point csijled Ariepc, iuHo nora, in a country now almiopt depopulated by the (hostile inroada of the Indians from fur Bide. of the line, would, it ii believed, have prevented much injury and many cru t i -H lujrlnir the past reason. A state of i law 1c8ii(;k3 and violence prevails on that dis tant frontier. Life and property are there tv holly insecure. The population of Arizona, iiow numlering more than ten thousand goals, :re prnttually destitute of government, of lawn, or of any regular administration of jus tice. Murder, rapine, and iother' crimes are ouiuiitlted with impunity. I, therefore, a ,L'jn i ca 1 the attention of Omgress to the ne- efriity lor es-tabliehing a territorial govern ment oer Arizona The i reaty with Nicaragua qf the 16th Feb ruary, .857, to which I referred in my last annual messaje, failed to receive the ratifi cation of the government of that republic, for rrasons which I iieed not enumerate. A similar treaty has been sirope concluded be tween the parties bearing illate on the J Oth March, J8o0, which has already been ratified by the Nicaraguan Congref. This will be immediately submitted to the Senate for their jatifica !ion. Its provisions cannot. I f think, fail to be acceptable to th people of both rountri.-a. . ' ' Our "hiims against the governments of f'osta Tica and Nicaragua remain unredress e l, though they are pressed in an earnest : manner, and not without Iwope of success. I de'em it to be my duty jonce more, to rc c imme id to Congress the passage of a law jiuthoriising the President tio empfoy the na val firce at his command Iqr the purpose of protecting the lives and property of Ameri can citizens passing in transit across the Panam l, Nicaragua. and-Tehuantepec routes, against sudden and lawless outbreaks and . depre-lations. I shall not jrepeat the argu ment i mploycd in former ' messasres in sup- ort of this measure. Suffice it to say that the lives of many of our people, and the se curity qf vast - amounts of treasure passing and rep wing over one or more of these routes' l etweer the Atlantic and j Pacific, may be leep)y : nvolved in the action of Congress on this subject. j I woild, also, again recommend to Con gress that authority be given to the Presi dent to employ- the "naval force to protect American merchant-vessels, their crews and -:irgues against violent anjd lawless eeizurel and coiHie?oatioi) in the ixrts of Mexico and the Spanish American .States when these uountricfl may be in a disturbed and revolu tionary condition. The mere knowledge that t-'ich at; authority had been conferred, as I already stated, would of ilt-elf, in a great de jrve, jncvent the evil, Jsjeither would this require anv add'uiorial appropriation for the naval Si;rvi!C- j The chief objection urged against the grant f this lutliority is. that Congress, by con tarring : t, would" violate thefconstitution that it would be a transfer of the war-making, or, ctrietly speaking, the war-declaring power to th Kxicytive. Ifthisyvere well founded, it would, of course, be conclusive. A brief ex :iininat ion, Lowever,.will place this objection at rest. ., .Congress popses.-es the aole and , exclusive . power, uuder the Constitution, '' declare war." Thty alone can "raise anj support ar iuie$,",.ind "provide and vnairttaio a navy." lint a ficrr Congress shall hive declared war, and provided the tlrce necessary to carry it n, the President, as Commander-in-Chief" of the Amy and Kavy, tan ilone employ this force in making war against te enemy.: This is he plain language, and history proves that it vas the wtll-knoivft iutentioti of the -fro mere ofth Coiiytitutiom. it. wi II iwt be denied that the general "pow er to dedare war" is without limitation, and embraces within itself not only what writers on the law of nations term a public or per lect war, but ajso an imperfect war and, in fhort every species of hostility, however con lined or limited. Without the authority of Vftigrci' s the President cannot lire a hostile gun in any case, except tot repel the attacks of at ericmyV Jt will not be doubted that tinder this ower Congrpss could, if they I h ought, proper, authorize the President to employtne force at his command to seize a lielongSng to an American citizen which had beejn illegally captured in a foreign port and restore it to its owner. But can. Con gress ait after the fact after the mischief lias bee i don ? Lave they no power to con fer u on the President the authority in ad vance to furnish instant redress should such a case i tWrvardri eccur? Must they wait .until th.? mischief tats beendone, and can they aj i ly the remetly only when it is too late? To confer this authority to meet fu ture cases under -.circumstances strk'tly. speci fied, is as clearly within the war-declaring power as such an authority conferred upon the President by act of Congress after' the deed hail been done. In the progress of a great nation many exigencies must arise im , pefativ-:y. requiring that Congress should ''authorize the President to act promptly on 'ti'Lsin conditions' which may or may not af terward? arise. Our history'has already pre sented a number of such leases. I shall re ier only to the latest. I L'ndei' the resolution of ;Jime2d. 18o8, "fr the adjustment of difficulties with the repub lic of Paniiiuav." the President id ' anllioriz- vd to alpt such measure 'and use such force in i t s judgment may ne necessary and act in the event of a refusal of iust satis- visnlih factior l.'nite forwhat? For ''the attack on the States steamer Water Witch." and "other matters referred lorn the annual mrs- I Ktge of t!he President." Hrfre the power is pivssli- granted upon the condition that the -oyrniieiit ot Paraguay shall refuse to ren der th'n "just satisfactio'n..!" In this and oth er similar varies Congress have 'conferred up- tiie i ; resilient itower in advance to emn ov the arm and navv i , , . ' - upon j the happening ot .contingewt futuje events and this most cer- tainlv i.s embraced within the Dower to declare war. . -Now, u this ooodituwial and contingent iw,;r cujd Je constitutiqnallv ConferreJ up on ine xiiebiiient in tne cas or rsrnmiav. w iv MNv it tiot conferred for the purpose oH , - . , .. .. . pvotectirfg the lives and propertv. of Ameri can cmzjena in tne event tuat they mav be iotentlj and unlawfully attacked in passing ovi-r the:traniit routes to and from California, vr assailed by the seizure of their vessels in a loreign 'port? ; To deny thjis power is to, reu-di-r the navy iu a great degree useless for the prutectij n of the lives ami property of Amer ican citi 'etie in countries where neither pro tection nor redress can be otherwise obtained. Thirty-fifth .Congress terminated on the 3d o March. 18o9, without having pass . I the vict making appropriations tor the erv.oeUi.th. Poi Uffice Department during the fiscal year-endi'ng the tiOth June, I860.':' This act hW contained an appropriation "to upply fleticiencis in the revenue of the Post Odfce Department for the vear ending the 30th of June. 1859." I believe this the firsiUnstance since the origin of the Fed eral G4crnnu?nt, now more than seventy years ago, when any Congrew went out of csistenrc without having passed all the gen- ! i-ral-'apjp-oprfation bills necei-sary. to carry on the government until th,regular period for the meeting a new Congress. This event imosed on the executive' a grave responsi bility. It presented choice of evils. Had this omission of duty occurred at the first session x)!' the last Congress the remedy yv..uld hive been plain. might then have instantiyj recalled them io complete their work-ajnd this without expense to the Cor ernmeBt liut on the 4th of March last there were fiftjen of the thirty-three States which had not (elected any representatives to the present Congress. Had Congress been called" together immediately,, these Stales would have bef n virtually disfranchised. If an in termediate period Had been selected, several of the St itcs .would have been compelled to hold extra-session- of .their legislatures, at great inionveiiii nre and cxpm.-c, to provide ' i '. for elections at an earlier day than that pre viously fixed by law. In the regular course, ten of these States would not elpct until af ter the beginning of August, and five of these ten not until October and November.' ' On the other hand, when I came to exam ins carefully the condition of the Post Qflic Department; I did not meet as 'many or as great difficulties as I had apprehended. Had the bill which failed len confined to appro priations for the fiscal year ending on ' the .Vhh June next, there would have been no reason o pressingiimportance for the call of an extra t session. Nothing Would become dueou contracts (those with railroad compa nies only excepted) for carrying the mail for the first quarter of the present fiscal year, commencing on tle ls,t of July, until the 1st of December less than one week before the meeting of.the present Congress. The rea son is that the mail contractors for this the current year did not complete their first quar ter's service until the 30th September last; and by the terms of their contracts sixty days more arc allowed for the settlement of their accounts befpre the Department could be call ed on for payment. The great difficulty and the great hardship consisted in the,- failure to provide for the payment of the deficiency in the fiscal year ending the 3i(th June, 1859. The Depart ment had entered into contracts, in obedience to existing laws, for the service of that fiscal rear, and the contractors were fairly entitled to their compensation as it became dne. The deficiency as stated in the bill amounted to S3.838J28, but, after a careful settlement of all these accounts, it has been ascertained that it amounts V) 4,20C,000. With 4he scanty means at hia command the Postmas ter General has. managed to pay that portion of the deficiency which occurred in the first two quarters of the past fiscal year, ending ou the 31st December last. In the mean time the contractor themselves under these trying circumstances, have behaved in a manner worthy of all commendation. They had one resource in ' the midst of their Em barrassments. After the amount due to each of them had been ascertained and final ly settled according to law. this became a ppebific debt of record against the United States, which enabled them to borrow money on this unquestionable security. Still they were obliged to pay interest inconsequence ot the default of Congress, and on every prin ciple of justice ought to receive interest from the Government. This interest should com mence from the date when a warrant would have issued for the payment of the principal had an appropriation been made for this pur pose, calculated up to 1st DecemberU will not exceed $(.)G.6G0 a sum not to be taken into account when contrasted with the great difficulties and embarrassments ol a public and private Character, both to the people and the States, which would have resulted from convening and holding a special Session of Congress. For these reasons I 'recommend the passage of ii bill, at as early a day as may be practi cable, to provide for the payment of the a moiujt, with interest, due to these last-mentioned contractors, as well as to make the ne cessary appropriations for the service of the Post Office Department for the current fiscal year. ' . The failure to pass the Post Office bill ne cessarily gives birthto serious reflections. Congress, by refusingto pass the general ap propriation bills neceesarv to carry on the Government, may not Only arrest its action, but might even destroy its existence. The army,' the navy, the judiciary, in short every department of the Government, can no longer perform their functions if Congress refuse the money necessary for their support. If this failure should teach the country the necessi ty of electing a full Congress in sufficient time to enable the President to convene them in any emergency, even immediately .after the old Congress had expired, it will have been productive of great good.' In a time of sud den and alarming danger, foreign or domes tic, which all nations must expect to encoun ter in their progress, theyery salvation of our institutions may be staked upon the assem bling of Congress without delay. If, under such circumstances, the President should find himself in the condition in which he was placed at the close of the. last Congress., with nearly half the Rtates of the Union destitute of representatives, the consequences might be disastrous, i I, therefore, recommend. to Con gress to carry into effect the provisions of the Constitution on this subject, and to pass a law appointing some day previous to the 4th March in each year of odd number for the election-of representatives throughout all the States. They have already appointed a day for the election of electors for President and Vice President, and this measure has been approved by the country. I would again express a most decided opin ion in favor of the construction of the Pacific railroad, for the reasons stated in my two last annual messages. When I reflect upon what would be the defenceless condition of our states a nr. territories west of tneKocky mountains in case of a war with a naval pow er sufficiently strong to interrupt m11 inter course with them by the routes across the Isthmus, lam still more convinced than ever of the importance of this railroad. I have never doubted the constitutional competency of Congress to provide for its construction, but this exclusively under the war-making power. Presides, the Constitution expressly required, as an imperative duty, that "the United States shall protect each of them the States against invasion." I am at a loss to conceive how this protection can be afforded to California and Oregon against-such a na val power by any other means. I repeat the opinion contained in my last annual .mes sage, that it would be inexpedient for the Gov ernment to undertake this great work by a gents of its own appointment and under its direct and exclusive control. This would in crease the patronage of the Executive to a dangerous extent, and would foster a system of jobbing and corruption which no vigilaricle on the part of Federal officials could prevenlj. The construction of this road ought, there fore, to be intrusted to corpora ted companies, or other ageneiea, who would exercise that active and vigilant supervision over it which can be inspired alone by a 'sense of corporate and individual interest. I venture to assert that the additional cost of transporting troops, munitions of war. and necessary supplies for the armv across the vast intervening plains to our possessions on the Pacific coast would be greater in such a war than the whole a mount required to construct the road. And yet this resort would, after all, be inadequate for their defence, and protection. We have yet scarcely recovered from the habits of extravagant expenditure, produced by our overflowing Treasury, daring evera! years prior to the commencement of my ad miniM ration The financial reverses which we hava since experienced ought to teach us all to scrutinize our expenditures with, the srea'est vigilance, and to reduce them to the lowest rlossible poiul.f. The Executive De partment of the Government have devoted themselves to the accomplishment of this ob ject with considerable success, as wilt ap pear from their different reports and estimates; To these I invite the scrutiny of Congress, for the purpose of reducing them still lower, if tbs be practicable, consistent with the great public interest of the country. In aid of the policy cf retrenchment I pledge my sell to examine closely the bills appropriating land or money, so that if any of these should inadverten.ly pas both bouses, as must sometimes be the ease, 1 mar fiord them an opportune y for reaonsulerntion. At ti. a.m time we ougiu never to forget iuai irue puoito economy consists, not in withholding the means accessary to accomp li-h important national obiects con fl Jed to oy tne lonruution, but in taking eare that the money approp'iaied for these par paces shall be faithfully and frugally expend ed. ' ; . It will appear from the report of the Sec retary of the Treasury that it is extremely doubtful,, to say the least, Thether we shall be able to pass through the present an I the next fiscal rear without providing additional ravenoe This can only be accomplished by sirietly confining the appropriations wiiit in the estimates ol the dille;eM Depaxi meats, without making an allowance for any addi tional expenditures which Congess may think proper, in their disoretim, to authorise, and without providing for f,e redemption of any portion of the $20,000,040 of Treasury notes which have been already issued, fi. the event of a deficieocf, -which I consider probable, tbis onyht never to be supplied by a resoff a additional joana. It wonld be a ruirfoos practice in the days of peace and prosperity to go on increasing the national debt to meet the otdtnary expense of the Povemmeid. This policy won'd crjppfe onr raeonrcfm and impair, oor credit (n' ease the existence of war sliould render it necessary to tH-rrpw money. SlionM such a deficien cy oivuras I apprehend, I would recommend that the necesMiy revenue be raised by an i'lcrease of oor ptessnt duties oa imports. 1 need not repeat the opinions expressed in ray last annual message as to the best mode and manner of accomplishing tbis object, atd shall now merely observe that these have since undergone no change. The report of the Secretary of the Treasu ry will explain in detail the operations of that Department of the Government. The receipts into the treasury from all sources during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1859, including the loan authorized by the act of 14th June, 1858, and the isue ot treasury no'es authorized by existing laws, were eighty-one million six hundred and ninety iwo thousand Jour hundred and seven ty-one dollars and one cent, 81,692,471 01. which sum with the balance of six mil lion three hundred and ninety eight thousand three hndred and sixteen dollars and ten cents tiS98,3!6 10 remaiuing in the treasury at the commencement of that fiscal year, made an aggregate of the service of the year of eigh'.y-eight million ninety thousand seven hundred and eighty sevea dollars and eleven cents 88.090,787 U The public expenditures during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1839, amounted to eighty-threp million seven hundred and fifty one thousand five hundred and eleven dollars and fifty seven cents ($?3,751,511 57.) Of this sum seventeen million four hundred and five thousand two hundred and eighty-five dollars and forty-four cents ($17,405,285 44) were applied to the payment of interest on the public debt and the redemption of the issues of treasury notes. The expenditures for all other branches of the public service during the fiscal year were therefore sixty-six million three hundred and forty-six thousand two hun dred and twenty-eix dollars and thirteen cents (SiW,34G,22G 13. The balance remaining in the treasury on the 1st July. 1857, being the commencement of the present fiscal year was four million three hundred and thirty-nine thousand two hun dred and seventv-five dollars and fifty-four cents ($4,330,275, 54-) The receipts into tha treasury during the first quarter of the present fiscal year, com mencing .Inly 1st, 1859, were twenty-million six hundred and eighteen thousand eight hun dred and sixty-fiye dollars and eightv-tivc cents ($20,618,805 85.) Of thisamounUhree million eight hundred and twenty-one thous and three hundred dollars ($3,821,300) was received on"account of the loan and the issue of treasury notesthe amount of sixteen mil lion seven hundred and ninety-seven thousand five hundred and sixty-five dollars and eightv five cents ($16,797,565 85) having been re ceived during the quarter from the ordinary sources of public revenue. The estimated re ceipts for the remaining three-quarters of the present fiscal Vear to 30th June, 1860, are fifty million four hnndred and twentv-six Phousandfourluindred dollars, ($50,426,400 ) Of this amount it is estimated that five mil lion iseven hundred and fifty-six thousand tour hundred dollars ($5,756,400) will be received for treasury notes which may be reissued un der the fifth section of the act of 3d March last, and one million one hundred and seven ty thousand dollars (41,170,000) on account of t he loan authorized by the act of June 14, looo making six million nine hundred and twenty-six thousand four hundred dollars ($6,926,400) from these extraordinary sources, and fortv-three-million five hundred thous and dollars ($43,500,000) from the ordinary sources of the public revenue making an ag gregate, with the balance in the treasury on the 1st July, 1859, of 8eventj'-five million three hundred and eighty-four thousand five hundred and forty-one dollars and eighty-nine cents ($75,384,541 89) for the estimated means of the present fiscal year ending 30th June, 1860. The expenditures during the fin-t quarter of the present fiscal year were twenty million seven thousand one hundred and seventy-four dollars and seventy-six cents, (420,007,174 76i) Four million six hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and sixty-six dollars and seventy-six cents ($4,664,366 76) of this sum were applied to the payment of interest on the public debt and the redemption of the issues of treasury notps, and the remainder, being fifteen million three hundred and forty- two thousand eight hundred and eight dol lars, ($15,342,808,) were applied to ordinary expenditures during the quarter. The esti mated expenditures during the remaining three quarters, to June 30, 1800, are forty million nine hundred and ninety-five tbous eand five hundred and fifty-eight dollars and twenty-three cents." f $40995,558 23.) Of which sum two million eight hundred and eighty-six thousand six hundred and twenty One dollars and thirty-four cents .$2,886,621 34)are estimated for the interest on the pub lic debt. The ascertained and estimated ex penditures for the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1860, on account of the' public debt, are, accordingly, seven million five hundred and fifty thousand nine hundred and eighty eight dollars and ten cents, (7,550,988 10;) and for the ordinary expenditures ofthe Gov ernment fifty-three million four hundred and fifty-one thousand seven hundred and forty four dollars and eighty-nine cents, ($53,451, 744 89.) making an aggregate of sixty-one million two thousand seven hundred and thirty-two dollars and ninety-nine cents, ($61, 002.732 99;) leaving an estimated balance in the treasury on the 30th June, 1860, of four teen million three hundred and eighty-one thousand eight hundred and eight dollars and forty cents, ($14,381,808 40.) The estimated receipts during the next fis cal year ending 30th June, 1801. are sixty, six million two Tiundred and twtntv five thous and dollars, ($60,225,000,) which, with the balance estimated, as before stated, as re maining in the Treasury on the 30th June, 1860, will make an aggregate for the service of the next fiscal year of eighty million six hundred and sit thousand eight hundred and eight dollars and forty cents ($80,606,803 40) The estimated expenditures during the next fiscal year ending 30th fune, 1861, are sixty six million seven hundred and fourteen though and nine hundred arid twentv-eiht dolbu-n and seventy-nine cents ($66.?14.928 79. Of mis amount, three million three hundred and . , - . r- ,' - . - eight vsix thousand six hundred and twenty one dollars and thirty-four cents (3,386,621 34) will be required to pay the interest on the public debt; leaving the sum of sixty-three million three hnndred and twenty- eight thous and three hundred and seven dollars and forty-five cents (63328,307 45) for the estima ted ordinary expenditure during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1861. Upon these estimates a balance will be left in the Treas ury on the 30th June, 1861, of thirteen roil lion eight hnndred and ninety-one thousand tight hundred and seventy-nine dollars and sixty one cent (13,891,879 61.S But this balance, as well as that estimated to remain ia the treasury on the 1st July, 1860, will be reduced by such appropriations as shall be made by law to carry into effect certain Indian treaties during the present fis cal year, asked for by the Secretary of the In terior, to the amount of fiv hundred end thirtvMiine thousand three hundred and fiftv dollars, (530,350.) and upon the estimates of tne rostra aster ueneral tor the service of hie Department the last fiscal year, ending 30th June, 1859, amouutiag to font million two hundred and ninetv-eix thousand and nine dollara; (4,29fi,009V together with the fur ther estimate of that officer for the service of the present fiscal year, ending 30th June, I860; beiag fire million five hundred end twenly-eu tbaoSasd three buedred and tveo ty-fburddlara. (5,520,324.)tkigan aggre gate often million three hundred and sixty, one thousand six hundred and eighty-three dollars, (10,361,683.) ' Should these appropriations be made as rev quested by the proper Departments, the bal ance in the treasury on the 30th .June, 1861, will not, it is estimated, exceed three million five hundred and thirty thousand one hundred and ninety-six dollars and sixty-one cents,' (3,530,196 61.) I transmit lierewit h the reports of the Se cretaries of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, aftd of the Postmaster General, They each contain valuable infortmUion and important recommendations well worthy of the serious consideration of Congress.- - ' - It will appear from the report of the Secre tary of War that the army expenditures have been materially reduced by .a. system of rigid economy, which, in his opinion, offers every guarantee that the reduction will be perma nent. The estimates of the Department for the next have been reduced-nearly two mil lions of dollars below the estimates for the resent fiscal year, and half a million of dol ars below the amoungranted for this year at the last session of Congress The expendituresLot the Post Office Depart ment during the past fiscal year, ending on the 30th Jane, 1859, exclusive of payments for mail service specially provided for by Con gress out of the general treasury; amounted to $14,964,493 33, ami its receipts to $7,908 484 07; showing a deficiency to be supplied from the treasury of $6,996,009 26. against 5,235,077 15 for the yeaFending 30th June, 1858. The increased cost of transportation growing out of the expansion of the service required by Congress -explains this rapid aug mentation of the expenditures. It is gratify ing, however,, to observe an increase of receipts for the year ending on the" 30th June, 1859, equal to $481,691 21, Rwpared with those in the year ending OR,-30thJune 1858. 'v It is estimated that the" deficienev for the current fiscal year will -be S5,988,424 04, but that, for the year ending 30th Jnne, 1861, it will not exceed $1,342,473 90, should Con gress adopt the measures of reform proposed and urged by the Postmaster General. Since the month of March retrenchments have been made in the expenditures amounting to Sl.826.471 annually, which, however, did not take effect until after the commencement of the present fiscal .year." The period seems to ha-ve arrived for determining the question whether this Department shall become a per manent and ever increasing ch irge upon the Treasury, or shall be perm itted to resume the self-sustaining policy which had so longcon trolled its administration. The course of leg islation recommended by the Postmaster General for the relief of the Department fron its present embarrassments, and for restoring it to its original independence, is deserving of your early and earnest consideration. In conclnsion, I would again commend to the just liberality of Congress the local inter ests of. the District of Columbia. Surely .the city bearing the name of Washington, and destined, I trust, for ages to be the capital of our united, free, and prosperous Confederacy, has strong claims on our favorable regard. JAMES BUCHANAN. Washington Citv, Dec. 19, 1859. South Carolina's Mission to Virginia. While we hope that the ambassabor from Soiith Carolina to Virginia will be treated with ail the respect due to the State which he will represent, and to his own high character, we da de voutly hope that tle Old Dominion will not lend a favorable ear to a proposi tion either to join in a movement of secession, in a call for a convention of all the States of the South. What ever some of the politicians may say, the Southern people are not only un prepared for either of these move ments at this time, but absolutely op posed to both. The people of th South have commenced ia peaceable course, of action towards the North, which, ir persevered in, cannot fail to secure to the South all the protection which she needs for her rights and property. The policy of breaking off as far as possible, and as rapidly as possible, commercial intercourse with the North, although just commenced, has already began to tell upon those who have so long fattened on the Southern market. Thinking men at the North, the. men whose capital IRifnishes the main springs of commerce and manufactures, sec the certain- tendency of this action at the South, and are, as well they niay be, alarmed at it. Many mer cantile and manufacturing establish ments will, this -year, suffer severely by the withdrawal of Southern trade, and of course will continue to suffer more and more as the South becomes more and more independent of the North. In this paper will be found a paragraph among the news items in forming us of the discharge of over one hundred hands from one of the largest manufactories in Philadelphia, in con sequence of the withdrawal of South ern orders. The same cause may con fidently be expected to produce similar movements by other Northern Facto ries. We shall hear,-; too, of the dis charge of clerks in mercantile estab lishments, the fall of house rent and real estate, the laying up of vessels, ajid discharge of seamen engaged in the coasting trade, (a trade greater in value than the foreign trade,) and so on will the work of destruction . go th rough th e almost innumerable branch es of industry at the North. . The ef fect of all thi& will- inevitably be . to produce a cessation of the hostilities of the Abolitionists. They will have no time to think of the horrors of sla very, and no money. top.ipr,:rits a bolition. When men are put up"to all they know to get food, and . raiment,' they have no means of sending flannels and wanning panj 1 to thlrWeSt Indies, Summer clothing 'tai0A3aimt(iix8,'. Sharpe'a Rifles and Bcown's Jfikes to the slaves 6f the South. 'The sleek and fat incendiary preachers and orators will have to look to .eropty oharehe3r halls and lecture roems-for their aiadi ences and pay, jonserratisni will" get the ascendancy at the folTs, aggression upon the South wflV cease, and the Union he safe fr$m th'e - assaults of mad-caps, whether m the North or South. Let us then for the sake of every thing we hold dear, ' dispounte nance now ,erer r thiifg tijemiats to wards the dissolution of the unlau. -Let us continue to physic the North with larger, and larger; and larger doses of the non-intercourse medicine, and we shall assuredly eradicate the fever from its blood, and make it law abiding, and 'conservative, sound and healthy. ifokfoA fregtiler. A bill has been introduced in both branches of the Nebraska Legislature for the abolition of slavery in that Territory. This is practical squatter sovereignty, and tb right of a Terri torial Legislature to nass sooh as act is denied by the South, EUGENE I. SHAKE & SON, EPITOBS 4JW PROPRIETORS. STATESVILLE, FRIDAY, JANUARY 13, I860. QUW Terms. THE "IREDELL EXPRESS" to poblinhed npoa th fbl lowing Teuo, from whfck then wUl be ao 4eviattoa Suloeribert therefor will govera thnosrtTe aecordioftj, 1 copy mm yw. If paid la adnutoe, v . tiOO; If paid within X montha, : If paid within 6 month, 2 60; If not paid till tli end of the rabtcriptioa jar, 3 60. Having laid in a large supply of! Newspaper, Flat Cap, Fancy paper of various sizes, Cards, colored Inks and other materials for executing the fin est style of printing, the Express Offi&e is fully prepared to turn out work of any description in the best style of the art, and for moderate cost. . , President's Message. We publish in full this week the President' Message. Its groat length occupies rather much of our paper, but such documents should be laid always before th people. The message is well written and upon the whole, no doubt, will provo a very satisfactory Union venerating document. It nevertheless has some objectionable features, that will occur to the reader as he wades through it We dislike the idea of an other war with Mexico whifrh wou'd be inevitable provided, the recommenda tions of the message are curried out by Congress. But perhaps a foreign war would strengthen the Union at home, at this time. A letter-writer at Washington says, The movement of leading repre sentatives of the American and whig parties for a "joint national union con vention,, to nominate candidates lor the Presidency and Vice-Presidency, may yet prove important. They may nominate Lieut. Gen. Scott as their standard-bearer. There is strong indi cations for this purpose on the part of their leaders. Perhaps their ticket will be Scott and Conrad. It has al ready been iulimated in the House de bates, and it is not improbable, that the ticket might so far prevail as to defeat an election before the people and bring it intc the House, where the third name would possibly secure the final vote of a majority of the States. Cortinas still in the Field. The steamship IndianQ la had arrived at New Orleans from Bro-vsnville bring ing dates to the 2d instant. Cortinas with 400 men had attacked and cap tured Kio Grande city, on the 20th ult, killing a number of citizens. Tho troops and rangers from Brownsville subsequent'y attacked Cortinas and re-captured tho city af ter a hard fight, taking Cortinas' guns. Sixty Mexicans and nine Americans were killed in . the fight, and sixteen Americans wounded, including Lieut Ford, who led the attack. Cortinas fled across the river. ' : WOT Messrs. Barring amd seveial o therof the most prominent bankers in London have made a joint appeal to tho British cabinet to recognize the constitutional government of Mexico, and Lord John ltussel appointed the 6th of December for the official inter view with these gentlemen, and it was believed the British government was favorable to the appeal. It now appears that New. York and Illinois will send double delegates to Charleston. Tho delegations from the former States cannot be expected to unite. The Fernando Wood dele gates may go for Gov. Wise. The Il linois delegations will be Douglas and anti-Douglas. The Medicine Working. The New York Herald states that tho celebrated firm of A. T. Stewart dc Co., exter ive dry-goods merchants, have found it necessary to discharge 50 clerks in consequence of the falling off in the Southern trade j and over 100 firms of lesser note have been forc ed to curtail expenses from the same cause. European Intelligence. According to a report the 19th of this month ha been definitely fixed upon for the meeting of the Peace Con gress. It is denied that the Pope de mands the Presidency of that bodyfor his Plenipotentiary. Lord John .Rus sell answers the memorialists on Mexi can affairs, in regard' io non-payment of claims, that England is endeavoring to come to an understanding with o ther powers respecting the course to be pursued with regard to that coun try in the future. Ho points out the difficulties occasioned. -by the United States recognixing one individual as President, and England and France another. - Young John Brown Hcsg at Qtiincy. ;: A curious affair took place at Quin- cy, on the day of the execution of old Brown in Virginia, which" came near having a tragical termination. There is a boy, aged abaut fourteen' years, named John Brown, residing in the town where John Quincy Adams lived and died, and several boys in the vicin ity concluded be ought to be tried for treason They;,, accordingly put him through the regular form at ft triaL- He was arraigned in clue form, was al lowed counsel, (jojuor and after pa tient investigation of the case, he was adjudged guilty find sentenced t'cf be hung, The boys j piacea tne ygsjnq John Brown u pom barrel urideU a trea, fastesencd a!sJp pooae roundjhis body, enclosed hisj arms, and ttaf"the rope to a limb of tihe tree, j They f$en kicked the barrel from under bim,:Jnd young John Brown was . nearly laun ched into eternity ; for the rope sliced up and caught the young gentle an arouna tne tnroac ne was now ift a perilous situation, as his thoughviess compainons were! frightened byf he blood that flew from Ins nostrils fa a stream, and ran away from the sfine as fast as possible. Fortunatelyj;for young Brown, a : woman in a huse near by ran out and with! a carving kmfo . cut him . down' Brown jjeas game to tho last, bat has concliled not to participate in a mock trial asMin. r-1 -i Jefferson Seminar!, Ashe County, 'i C. This seminary for the instruction of young ladies will open the first of text month, under the able managemei 5f Pro. W. M. Robcy, Principal, vfjie seminary enjoys aj deservedly higlffre putation, and Jefferson is one tf he most heathfui villages in the Stat! in the midst of the Mountains and grlod scenery of North Carolina, having a re fined and cultivated population, v'or terms, -address the Principal, Fisher, Foard & Hooker, Hewbern; i G. We invite attention to the abvenpe ment of the above firm, offering forfale a heavy stock of groceries and oer merchandize suited to thei up-con rry trade, and soliciting produpe to be'thld '. . . . ;"' "w on commission. It is a strong horKio. Learn a Trade. 11 Let the Southern youth, lay ajide ri whatever aversion they may hav?? to labor, ignore their false pride, and l?pn trades, now that, there is a prospect for fair patronage from the peoplj of their ovn sectioni Franklin-said iat he who hath a trade hath an estat meaning that a mechanic can uhtiys secure an independent lmng-ari3 a more truthful assertion was neVerut tered. See, how easy is it for a 'Ti'ttn; who knows how to work and wife la- bor, to get on in the world ; and rd it goes with him. who has nO ski 11 or ind'ustry, that but iekes out a 'wretted exigence the despised 6f a 1 induiri ous men and yiomen. Learn tgjdo one thing or another, everybody. There be many trades that ca be prosecuted with very small cajjial, yielding a largo reward for labornd skill. ' $ - Shoemakers, hatters, &e have aUjiys been in demand, but never so grea as will the demand at the South for tjfem ,$ ' henceforth. Every degree and vanity of mechanical skill, will bjo morclrl more brought into requisition at horiie. r : Ho Speaker. : . Congress remains in about tho sanc condition as it was at our, last leliort neither better nor worse no Pppik erhas been electled, and the members were daily engaged in informal derate upon the wool question. Law. The fi) lowing as the law in for(4 in North Carolina against eirculatinin: surrectionary documents : I 4 Ifiiny person shall wilful y lirin in to this tate with intent to eircu ite. or sliaU wilful' circulate or puUish within the State, or shall aid orjbctt the bringing mtoor cireu'ation or"ub licatlon of, withim the State, any - rit ten or printed pamphlet or p per, whether written or printed i.rorout of the State, the evident tendeds of which is to cause slay es to becomiis contented with the bondage in ich they are held lby their masterstjind the laws regulating the same, and.free negroe to be dissatisfied with thcjSQ cial condili -n and denial to them ojl po litical privileges, and theicby to ei-pite among the said slaves and free ne&oes a disposition to make conspiricies in surrections, or resistance, againstfthe peace and quiet of the public, iich person so offending shall be dct hcd guilty ot felony, and on conviiiop thereof shall, for the first offensft be imprisoned not less thjin one year, jptnd be put in the pillory and whippeM, at the discretion of the court ; and loathe sccopu onense snn'i suner aeatn. ip. 1 ii on t . f -c M- If any pe: son by words, sha en deavor to excite in any s'ave oraBrec negroe or person of color, a snuWt of insurrection, conspiricj', or rebeon, he shall receive thirty-nine lashj on his bare back, and bo imprison e$! ..for' one year; and for the second 6fnse shall suffer death 1' - ; ;vn Report of Northern Spies from the Sjathj Tho New York correspOndent diHbe Mobile Register, says : The Republican leaders sent efmfi dcntial agents id September to ilery Southern State, to examine inUK 'and report the extent of arms and aluni tioo in the South that could be ud in March, 1801, should Seward's taring bis seat be opposed A copy of tl re pot t was seen by' a friend m the fBce of the Independent. I j will - merely mention what it contains in reference to Alabama, South, Carolina and Geor gia. The spies report that armfjand amunition in. Alabama is of no possi b!o account. Of . South Caroling he speaks in the most eontemptuousljrah ner, end contrasts the arms and" Sup plies of the Federal Government and fortresses with those of Columbia) and at Charleston. He eaysthere . ar not even rusty muskets sufficient to zpia a thousand men, and if there were& the muaketi would .explode land kill! tho soldiers. In Georgia, the spy ;ays, there is a scarcity of arms, arid of 'pow der and shot for the ordinary bunting done in the State. All the Stat are reported, and if the report is rue, were 1 in your Legislature not fTday should pass before a remedy wasitad. , i ' .... i . i i ; Ex-lTnit4 gtates Senator James, of -;hode IfiUnd, heejiwnt! a cannon, which, srbpard of army officer report, will carry a thi with accuracy-a distanee of over ix mijes!-; ' ' ; -- : $ v 'The Democracy. I Have the people forgot how the de mocracy in North Carolina abused, vil ified and denounced ihe Whigs iu the election contest for rnembers toCon gress Have they forgot with what venom Leach,Gilmer,Smith and Vance were assailed ? No vilifying epithet was spared from Mr. Gilmer, in parti cular. His enemies labored all sum mer to prove him an abolitionist. But when the votes were counted out in his district his neighbors and friends re buked these assailants in a manner that ought to have closed their lips. - 1 And the defeat of Coleman, of Scales, and of Sham, that man wh first charged abolitionism on Mr. Gilmer the defeat of all these democratic can didates, and the clear Whig gain of three delegates in Congress, to wit : Smith, Vance and Leach did this all jsignify nothing as it regards the will ot those , who elected tnem i , v ere these four good and true Whigs elect ed for the purpose of playing the fid dle.for the democrats in Congress? Did those who voted for them intend that they should take seats convenient to democrats so that they might easily hear orders, and then promptly go and do. the appointed work? Did any body vote for Leach, or .'Vance, or Gilmer, or Smith, that they might help the democrats with their work ? No, not onej It was never dreamed of. They voted for them expressly to defeat that party which has defeated the expectations xf the people ex pressly ! Those gentlemen" know it very well they know they were elect ed by a constituency which has lost all confidence in the democratic party. They have got no confidence in that party themselves, and have left to them jio room to respect it. What is the use, then, of calling on them to rally to the support of its men and measures in Congress ? The people Would not do it at the polls, and it is quite certain their Whig delegates in Congress won't do it. The great trouble with the democ racy now, in Congress, is the danger they are in of losing the oilx ! They raised intolife the black republican party -did it on purpose, as we be lieve, to sectionalize the country, in order , to compel the Whigs of the South and West to join them against the North never doubting but that theyk would-"always be able to com mand 'snffici en t strength to "mm the Union," which was to be put in jeopar dy 'at least every four years, and thus keep democrats in power and secure their grasp upon the spoils. Tt was a deep, deliberately laid scheme: but it is playing out different from their ex pectations. The ' black republicans have gained a strength not anticipated, and the Whigs of the South, have de termined that they will not permit themselves to be forced into a false po sition merely to gratify the lust of the unprincipled political gamblers whoa ro always crying wolf! wolf! in order that they may conceal their plunder ing tricks. It is playing out fearfully to tKe country, for we seriously appre hend that the democracy have, in their pursuit of the spoils, precipitated a condition of things from which therein no deliverence except through years of anarch v and a reign of tenor. It may burst upon us at any moment : we are in a fearful suspense. They have1 had the Government in their own hands for years, and if they had administered its affairs in strict ac cordance with fairness, liberality, jus tice, law, economy and simplicity, it had all been well., Never did a party have a fairer chance to cover itself in glory, and never has a powerful. party more signally failed ' in its mission more thoroughlj' disappointed the hopes of a coniiding, trusting people, with whose-most sacred interests they have sported as with worthless trash. -Sal. Watchman. Interesting Postal Decision, Postmaster-General Holt has re cently decided an interesting and no vel question. ' A husband who had been separated from his wife, demand ed that his village post-master .should deliver her letters to him, and threat ened a siiit at law if his demand was not complied with. The wife, on the other hand,, forbade the delivery ol' ner letters to tne nusband. in these circumstances the post-master apner ed to Mr. Holt for instructions. Th eal- lat gentleman pronounces the claim ad vanced by the husband too preposter ous to-be seriously refuted indeed, he says it is as abhorrent to Jaw as it is to the Christian civilization lof the age and he directs the postmaster to deliver the letters to the mfe.--Char. Courier. Usury in Tennessee. Abill has passed the Senate of Tennessee to amend the usury laws, which fixes the rate of interest at ( per cent., but allows the recovery of LlO per cent, for borrowed money where the parties shall have so agreed, and such agreement be expressed onythe face of the contract. Charlotte and Llneolnton MARBLE Y ABBS. WM. & R. TIDDYi DEALERS IT Foreign and America Marble, A.XD MAXlfACTl RERS OT Marble Mantels, Head Stones, " Slabs & Furniture Marble of every Style and Quality. Tuey bare auo a great number ol aeaigns for , v which they will execute to'order at reduced price. From their long experience in the Marble bhsineaa they natter themselves that bating all the facilities that can be deeired in the Trade they can make it an object for all who need anything in their line to give them a call. ' " Sbop'at Charlotte, N. E. corner of the De pot Square. Lincolnton at the Public Square. Orders at either Yard respectfully solicited and will meet with prompt attention, 0ii!t i 'VJ ! .?:tf
Iredell Express (Statesville, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 13, 1860, edition 1
2
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