TEEMS.
Th Watch" m,I,,eretftr h'hd for
.... I L . ri m I ;anlf M r w m .
u M in ana w ij r i'
F. ru raiT new subscriber who will
Lf in advance the whoWauin at one payment,
r'n l- ! naoer lor one rear at i wo iim -
i.HMgn.iiK a .......
" . j
I-linn lilUl 10 PJ ItlO BOW Ol
U....M. - --- . - . .L. II .!
ihl Dollare wo lu" wim bu cuuunue,
..,..; thev will oe cnanrea as otner auDacri-
IIOI
1
F1' . . i J.. J....a. el.
ill bechargea inrro uui iu two,
nr.. Mcriniioo win m iwiu ii km uu
ii
Pyer"' ... , J:ISJ kill II Itia r..
W mini win ire .ii.-m "p
J .! u iii-.i- nnliH'M arreararea r naiJ
bit 01 " cui'v r
i-I All lertera to the Editor most be post
ild oibsrww" neJ w,u oohmuij w oo i-
I-J I in
Tkrms or Adtkktisiho Sixty two m half
C.,. r iouarrbr the tint insertion, n4 31
C. nriouarefor each iiuertioH afterwmrd$
11- T i. - :il u- (A. I. .
Nn arfrArnsemeni win wo iukiwuiwi km
Advertisements will be eonimoea unui oroers
L,.iod tnstoD them, where no directions
m previously given. . .
Adveitiaemenia uy me year or an monini win
made at a Dollar permonih for esch squae
1th the privilege of changing the form everv
narter. .. ... ;;.aMr5rjc-..
MARKETS.
SALISBURY,
Beeswax per lb. 16a 17 eta.; Brandy, An-
e per gal. 45 a 50 eta ; Cotton per lb. (in
fccdj S cU ; Cotton bagging per yd. I 'lb
; Coffee per ib. 16 a 18 eta; Castings per
f t a a cu ; ioiion yarn, inim no. 6 lo INo
, 75. a 3 00 els; Feathers perlb; S3
I, t ioui pr bl. en si; wheal pr bosh. 1 121
J5:0aU pr bushel 30 eisj Corn pr bush 55 ele;
km' per lb. 6 a eta ; lead per lb. 8 a 10 eta ;
ulassea per gal. lit els j Nails per lb 9 a 10
s ; Beef per lb 0 a 0 eta ; Bacon per lb 121
i, llmter per lb III dm: Lard iter lb 15
k; Sill per bushel f I -25 1 50 els: Steel, A meri
ts blister, per lb. 10 eta; English do. per lb
vets; iasi ao. per lb M a sucia; Suvar
i lb. 12a fe 15 els ; Rum Jamaica) ocrt-nl;
I tltlke. JLiLL-Y4MA taflV er ib SO
U; iviow per lb. IO cts; Tow-linen pr yd
a sucte ; vine ( I'enenRo) per oal. II 60
Lrtogal do. f I 50 a 1 7 ets j Claret do
kr gaL 1 3 a 1 75 eta ; Malaga, (sweet)
" g" ft uniaKey per gal. 4j a 50 eta.
w? tm mm m i. mr
r MM4MMMUMlMiSSA Ibose who formM l.. a l ......... .
I83T.
.i. j . . . a- " , in-
iwu ana iramoied n. k. i..
-r--- .uw wion
& J r ' I .
Y, ar.W -a,o, ro tt, ptopU 0 tht ,n ynioo of . -j
United State. l l "unam" the brighten bonea of fia of Puww -- ,B 1U0M
Moon od for the h.ooine- rT. 1ST Ul "h conflict.,
Jmpmcl I beg leave , offer The . S
yu uygraieiui thanks for lheinan woofa anairtV fi iT7 WB,rn,n Jo ineir iioanj ror the like of re
of 1 , i i.. . : I aniietr for the imwi . l. n Idmm. It .
-'";i ai,u coniMience which I have ., r-- i mo umoni' mwiuio iu iook on ma coo-
ai jour lianas. It hat hpn m . l . r-- --t ma ioiiow-ciu-i - ' - wuuiu iiict uauiy loilow tha
fortune, ,,, the discharge of pM,c duliTi SeweH.SlI" ? fcif CO,,n,r'' ,B hig ?T,,0n 'f ,bi' Go-""-'.
riil .. ruu'au uuucai lareweii addreaa. He haa th. tu ... t.. feel indianam .kA. . .
pressed upon bis fellow-citi- el"'eoces that would inevitably follow tha
L" 7r """"y. '"quently to have found
" oimcuit and trying ail
-1 ' - , . acuun reason to diatrux ih ..,.. .V
address. Ilehaathir iu ... l.4 feel indianam .k.. i . .
... .... -w iuiu uj I , O wwvu w IIOBI IIMW caicuiS'
- ni.i'H nni n aA . i iiinw annul wnm &r . it .
ailualiona t.A ... I . . T "rT-" -awrw- t . .' i me union, ana
itic .;,! I! " - "e w.n .).,. be constantly before us a line of eon
were necessaiv. and wh.r. .h. ... " lw u,,,nwi'w pttnotism of those uu" ? calculated to weaken it. tie.
I"! T "!7d V "igh responsib,.,. ki r-.? k .to !''
T"' . u? ''"''7 encounlered; and it thertrone- .Vri' 4" M.-.; '.ur a.flc,a'Mn-
.- wim ma aeepest, emotions of ffratitude narha. . -gy mo lormauon oi ""ih oeiiova that t be gi eat
that I a. knowledge the continued fnd ! eo8r,P' d'scrim.nations. as Mf c.liten. of any Slate or Stales
broken c onfidence with which vou h.. it ! . "b,e "nl d,sl,lrt w oel,ely intend to do wro
austained me in ir..i -"":.:" "nicn designing men would
h.ch vou haw IT.i.::I7 Th-F
me in ea ir..i m- . - """ uesigning men would ""' mnnence of trnnoor.r. .
I.e ha. been , long on. .7,c: ' KZ rVm ..... . for misguided opinioni,
has, at all Uine been free from erV
rnra Rut I .i ...
-bf. vw a iiovr i ii vr rnnaniaimn ni i a . "
ing that, if mistske. h.ve been com,i t ed " Z 1 1 .! frT" 'n lha he,rt ,,f .ClOU,,nUn:t' " Piotic ..
ii. a. '
"e7 nJe not seriously injured the
..laiousiy endeavored lo serve
, .UWU1U,U opinions, coiqcnil
, 1 " 'eMons contained in this invlnbl t-kMj they may be misled for a time by
legacy of Washington to his countrymen lhWilioni or self inleiesi; bu. in a
mnitted, citizen to the lalert generalioa; and, perhaps lho People of the United States argument
country at no period of time could they be more U f" the.o aenaible of their er-
the moment when I .unendor m U, J. VT"" ,h,n ,ha P""1 5 "" Whea Co"- mil be
md hippy; in the full eniovment ofTLnr ""l P"?" -' us, and dwell upon wer motive, to govern them
every nation of the world
If my humble effort, have, in an J,r,,n
rontrihuied to preserve to you these bless
ings.! nave been more than rewarded by the
honors youhave hea(edopbn mejnnd abo
all, by the generous confidence wild whx h
you have supported me n very -peril. ;- and
with which you have continued lo .mm....
anu
CHE RAW.
Seef In market per lb a 8 eta.: Bacon Per
a IS eta; lianas-4. 00 00 ets : Beeswax
ir lb tO a ti ets : Batnrina- ner vard 18 a as
; Bale rope per lb a 12 14 eis ; Coffee pr.
lit a 16 ets; Cotton per 100 he S 16 00 r
00; Corn per bushel 90 a 95 eis i Flour
to wagons per brl 8 60 10, from aiorea per
113 00 a 00; Iron per 100 Iba 15 00 a 6 50:
Uaaaea per gal 50 a 6H els, Nails eul assurt-
per lb 8 1 3 a 9 els ; Wrought do. per lb. 90
; Pork pet brl .89; Rice per 100 lbs f 4
i 00; Sugar per lb 1 12 a 14 eta; Salt pr
It ft 35; Salt per bushel 871 II cta&teel A.
iriean blialer pr lb IO 16 ets; Tallow pr lb 10
H eta; Tea Imperial per lb f 1 15 a 1 371 els;
rm do. pr lb flat 25 cla ; Tobaeco manu
lured per IblO a 15 eta.
FAYETTE VI LLE
cheer m n.il. ... t : ,
. . vi I uicill U1IUII IIIH IIIPfVM r.l .kink i U . 1 .
ny political life. The time haa now mm K- 'r i V . . .
,, ... . ' " ucjjrnuoo, ana we su
gannu a oroken frame know that he Was ltriiarnl In U AxL u:.
n..lJ.- . . , ., , --r-.-.. ,
UIIUIIL I IIIII'Mrni' I I Vaa HaUKaaaaaa
" iv.wiic;hii U man, uvora unn r.i.i. . Tl I i
I,... i..i i urn. " win ins ueuri mi'"
"vmv.wcu uuuii me is enirraven mwn
my heart, and I have felt that I could not
when advanced
warns me to retire
mil counsels would seem to tut nm m,u terest requires them to be inn m mk... .
the offspring of wisdom and forraight, but M lheJ noP 10 'Weiva justice at their
ihe voice of prophecy foretelling events and uand"
warning us of the evil to co ne. Forty BuM 'dcr to maintain the Union nm-
yearahave passed since this imperishable mP"1 it is absolutely neceasirv that the
document was eiven to hia nmntr. mn passed bv the conatituied mhornina
'he Federal Conatituiinn iu. 1 abtHild be faithfiidv eVorulB.I in ...i. .....
ol the country, and that every good citizen
should, at all times, stand ready to put
down, with the combined force of the na
tion, every attempt at unlawful resistance,
ender whatever pretext it may be made, or
whatever shape it may assume. Unconsti
tutional or oppressive laws may no doubt
garded by hi in as an erpernnent, and he so
speaKs or it in his sddress; but aa an ex peri
taT-aW":'; ar mfA- -
... . asawawi s
u ina cause or humanity and asserting tha
rights ofthe human racej but every one,
upon sober reflection, will see that noth
ing bat mischief can come from these Im
proper assaults npon the feeling, and right,
or others. Rat assured, that the men
found busy in this work of discord are not
worthy of your confidence, and deserve
7wr airongest reprobation.
lull and
It has
part irom your service without making this
PttMi? acknoJwJedginewt -of ibogrifituder
owe you. And if I use the occasion to of.
fer to you the counsels of sge and experi
ence, you will, I trust, receive tbem with
I hafi Sama tM.l.ila l J a - a
waaw avaiiiv i uuiiivcHi inniir m umh a.a
cp - vmivii yuu
, ... . " 6
IIBVD HI U LBU VIlPlinAl laTl tatalt an.l ...II a 1 ' P I
i-. . .l ' "u wm ol ,lKn, 01 eT" ,re "umciently apparent to a-
r2Si?T. I "ITtJT ,l P" rak,n lbe -M,e,y Uie bosom of
petuate, , a this favored land, the blessings the patriot.
of liberty and equal laws. ' L , , .
We have now lived almost fifty years, in- ,Ve be,,ol!. 8?8tema'c
der the constitulion frnme; by the sase. and T 6 S"" th", 1e, of ,,,8Pord bJl wcen
patriots of the Revolution. The oreai ,,'ff'rent Pirl9 of ' U",te'' .tea. and to
of this period, the sp.nl in which hM P,a.c.Pty divisions directly upon tfeograph
V
randy, peaeh 80a 90. Do. Annie. 60a 65
wwr. prlb 10 a 121; Cotton prlb 13 a 14 rts
ifleepr lb ISf a 14 ; Flour bid. f.81 a 91
axseed pr bh f H5 a 000; Feathers pr lb 45 a
Corn prraslr 90 a 95; Iron prlb 51 a 6; Mo
ses pr, gal 88 a 41; Nails rut 7 1 a 8 ;Sall
bush 0 a 90; Sugar pr lb 8 a 12 ; T.-Wco;
if 31 a 4; Wheat pr biwh f ! 50; 0 Whiskey
55 57, Beeswax 34 a 00
HEAVY CITY
AND
FOREIGN HIDES
flUK Subscriber hi constantly on hand, and
L receiving dail v. HEAVY CITY JVFAV
JORir JihFn rnuvmrv titttco ,..n
prih ihe attention of Tanners in the interior.
pitch be nfTers for aale at the lowmt pricea and
pt sccominodaiing terma fur cash or City ac-
snancea.
AtssriMthrTbralT klndslmTHmd"', and flniah"
w order si the ahutiesi nonce.
b. CRUIKSHANK.
Cbarlealon, S. C. Feb. 4. 1837 5m.! 9
Foil SALE upwards of
Iw w AWJLVb9 VI J I a 1 lAi V
"it 21 miles from Salisbury, with a good i
ST If 8JW MILL nim a good neigh
Wwd for ciutoui. .
" , -" ALSO"
8 NEGROES,
Id all the peaonal property attached to my
t hORSES, CATTLE, HOGS,
r urniture. Work n Too a &e. tut. It
k above property is not sold privately, I will
il the same at annum m tha nr
Pih day of August bsxL
JACOB TRAVIS.
S',!8ba7 '.S&HTJ.4JI 8d7 6na-
pHltafienbeM having imiorted direct
L irom tbe mahnfai.tnria v.... .. i.
fWaeDUf British r-.-vr-.
GOODS;
YCttSlLKSjJjr&StriSSlUUS
Lurs.
Offer them fair aala Kv I ha niaM nm M.I.J.
UtSir Slura at the eorner of Ffazinr wharf an.l
r1 By in Charleatoo, South Carolina, oa
P1 terms for approved paper,
SHACKELFORD, BOJO Ir CO.
6wS
1 FIRST RATE JIMNCY -. warranted
A- to ba in CI
nettra at this Office.
Dec.17-.
tf3
JPhUXTH DEEDS
wsged war against each other, and our in'
lunate commercial connexion, with every
part of tbe civilized world rendered h a
time of much difficulty for the Government
of the United States. We hsve had oi.r
seasons of eare and war, with all the evils
which precede or follow a state of hostility
with powerful nation. We encountered
a L a 1 . ' .... ..
mcao uiaia who our cimstitution yet in its
infancy, and under the disadvantages hicli
anew and untried Government must always
fed when it is called upon to put forth its
whole strength, wit bout the lights of expe
rience to guide it, or the weight ofprece
de n t s to j ustify 4t measures. It-it wn h
passed triumphantly through all tliene dilti-
ciUliea Our constitution is no longer a
doubtful experimcnl;and aLthe end of near
ly half a century, wo find that it has pre
served unimpaired tbe liberties of tbe peo
ple, secured the rights of property, and
that of our country has improved and flour
ishing beyond any former example iu the
history of nations.
In our domestic concerns there is every
thing to encourage usr, and if you are true
to yourselves, nothing can impede your
march to the highest point of national pros
perity. The Slates which had so long been
retarded in their impiovement by the lndun
tribes residing in the midst of them, are at
length relieved from the evil: and this un-
happy- race he- orrgrnal-dwettem IrtOur
laud are now placed in a situation where
we may well hope that they will share in
the blessings of civilization, and be saved
a . B . ... a. .
irom mat orgraaatton and destruction to
which they were rapidly hastening while
they remained in tbe States, and while tbe
safety and comfort of our citizen, have been
greatly promoted by their removal, the phi
lanthropist will rejoice that the remnant of
that ill rated race bai i been a,t length placed
beyond the reach of injury or oppression,
ana that the paternal care of the General
Government will hereafter watcb over and
ptotect them.
If We turn to our relation, with foreign
power, we find our condition equally grati
fying. Actuated by ihesincere desire to do
justice to every nation, and to preserve the
blessing, of peace, our intcrcouiae with
them ba. been conducted on the part of
this government in the spirit oi iraonnessr
aii if! take pleasure in .ay ing, that it has
generally been met in a corresponding tem
per. Difficulties of old standing have been
surmounted by friendly discuwion and the
mutual desire to be jut snf lh fTaiuis of
our citizens, which bad long been witlibcld,
hav at length been acknowledged and ad
justed, and satisfactory! arrangement, made
for their final payment; and with a limited,
and I trust, a temporary exception, our re
lation, with every foreign power are now of
the moat friendly character our commerce
continually expanding, and our flag respec
ted in every quaiter of the world.
. Tbesa cheering and grateful prospects,
and these multiplied favors, we owe, under
Providence, to the adoption of the Federal
Constitution. It i. no longer t question
whether tbu great country can remain hop-"
!ily united, and flourish under our present
ores of government. ; Ex perience the on-1
erring teat oi all human undensKings,
. . iwiaa viirv tiiiiuoiii t v luuiiuuiii'lio ill
ldieiK.Kll.eajna
I Hi tat 1 1 it u ami rarl till Hiidiirm ntw (itan laiill I . .
succeeded bevoud the nroud.wr hnn f he passed by Congress, either from errn...
m I - " " vw - a mm w
those who framed it Every quarter of 0,w the want of due consideration;
j"18, lae'i ' cuended nalitin has felt It. " ,UV are witiiin the, reach of judicial su-
blessings, and sfiared in the general pros- Gorily, the remedy ia easy and peaceful;
perily produced by its adoption. But amid ai i'i from the character of tho law, it ia
this general prosperity and splendid success, in buse of power not within Ihe control
the dangers of which he warned us sie be- of the judiciary, then free discussion and
coming every day more evident, and the ca,'n ppel to reason and to Ihe justice
evil are sufficiently anoarent to a- 100 people will not fail lo redress the
wrong. . But until the law shall be declar
ed void by the courts, or repealed by Con
gress, no individual, or combination of in
dividuals, can be justified in forcibly resist
ing its execution It is impossible that any
government can continue to exist upon ant
other principles. It would cease to be Gov-
ermner.t, and be unworthy of the name.
H it had not the power lo enforcu the exe
cution of us owu laws wilhiu its own sphere
oi action.
It is true that cases mar be imagined
uisciosing such a sealed purpose of ueur
paiion and oppression, on the part of the
Government, would jualify an appeal
to arms. These however, are extreme ca
ses, which we have no reason to appre
heod in a government w'lere the power is
in the ham Is of a patriotic people; and no
citizen wIm loves Ins country, would, in
any case wliaiev. r, resorl to forcible resis
tance, unless lie clearly saw that '.he. time
bad come when a Ireeman should prHer
death to subiiiiitsioii ; for if such a struggle
is once begun, and the citizens of otic sec
lion of the country arrayed in arms against
those of another in doubtful conflict, li t
the battle result as it may, there will be
an end of iSe Union, and with it an end to
the hopes of freedom. The victory of the
injured would not secure In them the bles
sings of liberty; il would avenge the
wrongs, but ihvy would themselves share
iu lho common ruin.
Bui the constitution cannot be maintain
ed, nor the Union preaerved, iu opposition
lo public feeling, by the mere exertion of
the coercive powers confided to the Gen
eral Government The foundations must
ical distinctions; to excite tlicsnu'A H(.'iii8i
the north, and the north against the south,
and to force into tho controversy the most
delicate ami exciting topics; topics upon
which it is impossible that a large portion of
the Union can ever speak without strong e-
notion Appeals, too, aru cmistaiuly mule
to sortional interests, in order to influence
the election -of the-Cbref Magistrate, as if
it were desired that he should favor a par
ticular quarter of the country, instead of
fulfilling lho 4mies of his station with im
partial justice to all; and the possible disso
lution of tho Union has at lenjiili become
an ordinary, and familiar subject of discus
siOii. His the warning voire i.f Wardiing
two been forgotten? or have designs alread
bj?enJinedJoseerlfe - Union? Jet-tt
not be supMsed that I impute to all of those
who have taken part in these unwise and
unprofitable discussions, a want of patriot
ism or of public virtue The lionoiable
feeling of State pride, and local attachments,
finds a place in lho bosom of lho most en
lightened and pure. But while such men
are conscious of their own integrity and
honesty of purpose, they ought never lo for
get that citizens of other Stales sre their
political hielliern; and that however mista
ken they may be in their views, the great
body of them aie equally honest andiiip-
light witn themselves. Mutual suspicions
hostility, and artful designing men will al
ways befuiiid,who are ready to lomcnt those
fatal divisions, and to inflame tbe natural
jealousies of different sections id the coon
try. The histor of the world is lull of
such, examples, and especially tbe history of
Republics.
What have you to gain by division snd dis
section? Delude not yourselves with ihe be
lief l bat a breach onre made oiav be afterwards
repaired. If the Union is once severed, the
line of separation will row wider and wi
der, and the controversies wiuen are now
debated and settled in tho halls of legisla
tion, will then be tried in fields of battle,
and determined by the sword Neither
should you deceive yourselves with the
hope, that the first line of separation would
be tbe rmanent one, and that nothing but
harmony and concord would be found in
fine ite w-assomtrOTS-
solution of this- Uriidnr- Loiial Interests
would still be found there, and unchastened
ambition. And if the recollection of com
mon dangers, in which the people ol these
United Sutes stood eic bytde agaujst ihe
common for; ihe memory of ...victories won
bv their united valor; the prosperity and
happiness thev hae enjoyed under the pre
sent constitution; tbe proud name they bear
as citizens of thi. great republic; il all these
recollections and proofs of common inter
est, are not strong enough to bind us togeth
er a. one people, what tie7 will hold united
the new division, of empire, when these
bond, have - been - broken, and 4ls Uni-m
dissevered? The first line of separations
would not last for a single generation, new
fragment, would be torn off; new leaders
would spring up; and mis great ana gionuus
republic would soon be broken into, mul
titude of petty States, without commerce,
without credit, jealous of one another; arm
ed for mutual agression: loaded with tax-
In the legislation of Confess. .1- .nH
in tvery measure of the General Govern
ment, juatice to every portion of the Uni-
u oiaics snouui be faithfully observed
w .ror uuvernraeni can stand without
"' people, and a lorty spirit of
patriotism; and if the sordid feelinKt f
were seiiisnness shall usurp the place
winch ought to be tilled by public spirit,
the legislation of CWres. will a.u.n I..
convened into a scramble for nerannal
sectional advantages." Under our free in.
siiiuuons. ihe citizens of every quarter of
ur country are capable of atuiniug a high
degree of prosperity and hannineaa. with.
oulaeeking to profit themselves at the ex
pense ol others; and everv such aitemni
fliust in the end fail ancreed tn,
people of the United States are Inn anlirrhl.
ned not to understand their own lights
and interests, and to delect and defeat ev
e'y effort to gain undue advantages over
them; and when sueh designs are discov
ered it natnrallv
nich cannot alwava be ea.l ati...i
Juatice, full and amble iuatiee in rJ
portion of Ua United States, shoul.r K iU
ruling principle of every freeman, and
should ruide the deli!
public body, whether it be Slate or n.
tional.
It is well known that there ha ve alwava
k .i . . . . f-
iuo auiungsi us wno wish to en
large the powers of the General Govern
ment; and experience would seem to indi
cate that there is a tendency on the part of
'i is GoverilinenHo - overstep the boil mla-
ries marked out for it by the Constitution.
Its legitimate authority is abundantly suffi
cient for al! the purposes for which it was
created; and its powers being expressly e
numerated, there can be no justification
for claiming any thing beyond them. Ev
ry attempt lo exerciae power beyond these
limit shonl i be promptly and 'firintv ' on-
posed. For one evil example will lead to
other measures still more mischievous;
and if the principle of constructive powers.
or supposed advantages, or temporary cir
cumstances, shall ever be permitted to jus
my ine assumption oi a power not given
ny me consiilulion, the (General Govern
ment will before long absorb all the pow
ers oi legislation, and you will have, in ef-
lect, but one consolidated Government.
From the extent ol country, iu diversified
interests, (.'liferent pursuits, and different
habits, it is too obvious for argument, that
a single consolidated Government would
be wholly inadequate lo watch over and
protect its interdsls.and every friend of our
free institutions should he alwava prepared
to maintain unimpaired and in full vigor the
rigmtr ami sovereignty of ihe States, am!
to confine the action of the General Gov
ernment sli icily to the sphere of its appro
priate tlnltes.
I here is, perhaps no one of the nowers
conferred on the Federal Government so
liable to abuse as the taxing power. The
most productive and convenient sources of
revenue were necessarily viven to il. that
it might he able to perforin the important
duties tin mined upon il : and the lave
which il lays upon commerce beinir con
cealed from the real payer in the price of
the aiticle, they do not readily attract the
attention of the people aa smaller sums de
manded Irom them directly by the tax
gatherer. But the tax imposed on foods
enhances by so much the price of the com
modity to the voiisumei; and ss many of
these duties drjnrdjon srtjclrs of ne
"cesiiTiyTwhTcfi are dairy used by ibTreal
i.. ..i.. ..r.i i .i ' ... . ' . Y .
Foiiy oi mo icoiit:, me money raised uy
antl iHaak. -e . 1
be maintained by usurping tho power of
ipeudin, th. money in internal improve.
IZZmZmJ? .Cin.n',, forgotten ihe
i Ldblf,,, ,ru,J ,hrouh which t
we pa,.ed,when the executive Depsrtiwiit
II. . .kf JWk.,h "Mon of Co.,.
gress to the boimdsries preacribed bv the
conatitution. Th. good sens, andpran,.
eal judgment of the neonle. when n. ...k.
ject WM broorhtbefoieihem,.usuinsd the
course oi me Lierulire; and this plsn of
uneonsillntional expenditure for purposes
of corrupt influence, is, I Uusl, Anally over
thrown, j I
:i T """""IL ne eqriiiaahUaiMi
nwMhataading iba uiifrwas redoeed, and ia
now very f Mw tb. arigia.H, eon-
Government ia not y.t aba-doaW
gether Jo Jam a heavy taiifT.and prodsos ao
n.ebal siakevio surrender up ,b. .nitest.
I lia,rKrsiion. .n wwllh, W,.Mm,, wU
re engaged In large manufacturing esiablinh
menta deaire a high tariff U iMrnM iheir gains.
OeaigningiioitMwiwppti u
ata their favor, and obtain the mraa f
Vu fM 'he f""Pt PonhnU-g influ,
h.?a a ttlb i-f-rjj and sinea Ihe pePle
have derided thai the Fleral Governmeui eln
nH be permitled lo employ ii, inemM 0
nai Impnivemenia. aiT.i. m.il k. i- . j
aod mislead the ciiiseoa of ihe several Sialea, by
hoMMg out to them the derail ful pr,psct 4 ben
enw lu be derived from a surplus revenue BulWt.
H ,1n,, enw- Guverno nl. and annually
til fill A.I am.. no . C. . a m
. ,7'- --" wiea. Aim it encouraged
by Ihese fallacimit hope, the Stale should die
gaM the prin.dplee.rfiwioinv whirh ought In
hook indufgdtrt lavish ependil9res fXCffdin,
their resourcosthey will bef,.,e l.mtr, find then)!
fives oppress with debts which they are una
ble lo pay and lb lemptaiion will become irres
Mlable losunpoit a hiirk tar in in ...a.. . ..k..i
toriila for dmirlbuihtn. II. ni -il.-
selves, my fell,, eiiisee. to be misled on this
suhjeci. The Federal Govern IIMHlt MAI!.. JtaJ.
lectaeorpliwfor sueh purpows, without viala
hivg Jnw principles of the constiiution snd ansum-'
ing powers which have not been granted It ia
moreover, a system of ininaiirw. ra ir j
in, will inevitably lead til virr unl i ..j MH&.
. . . . -. IU ( . irw Miring
ad la ruin. Th umliu ......... -:n t..
dra vn fr'Na ihaHekeurolrihs pe..p. rrom iba
farmer, the meclia.ir, and lha laboring clones
of society, bul who will receive il when dislribu
ll ainong the Stale, where it ia lo be dMed
of by leading Siaie politicians, who ha ve friend
lu favor and puluieal partisana to graiify? It will -
cnaiiiij oei oa returned lo those who paid it
and who have moat need of it and are huneatly
entiiIedloil.-Tbereiabot.me safe lute and
thai ia lo confine the General Goernmfntjjgid
ly wHbin ihe sphere uriia ippiupriate dutiea. It
has no Dower t raise a revenue, or impose taxes
axeepl for Ihe purposes enumerated in tha eon
adiutioo i and if ita iooome ia found tu exceed
thtwe wants il should be fthwiik r4., a.
burdens of Ihe people ao far lightened. '
In reviewing ih eonflieia which have taken
place between different interests in Ihe United
States, and the pohcj pursued aim the adoption
of our present lorro of government, we And nuih-,
ing that has pioduced such deep sealed evil asihs
tfiebo imposts ia drawn from their pockets.
Congress haa no right, bnder the Constitu
tion, to lake money from the people, un
lesa it is required to execute some one of
the specific powers entrusted to Govern
ment; ai'tl if they raise more than is neces
sary for su.-h porposes, it is an abuse of
in
the security it gives lo life, liberty, char
acter, and property, in every quarter of the
country; and in ihe fraternal attachment
which the citizens of the several Slates
bear to one another as members ol one po
litical family, mutually contributing to pro
mote the happiness of each oilier. Hence
the citizens of every Slate should studi
ously avoid every thing calculated to wound
the sensibility or oneiiu the just pride ol
the people of other Suies; and they should
frown upon any proceedings within, their
own borders likely to disturb the. tranquil
ity of their political brethren in other jor
lions of the Union. Ina country so ex
tensive as the United States, and with pur
suits so varied, the internal regulations of
the several States must frequently differ
from one another in important particular ;
and this difference is unavoidably increased
Americ'an c6T6'iiies"were originally planted;
principles which had taken . deep root in
their social relations before the Revolution,
and, therefore, of necessity influencing
their .policy aince they became free and in
dependent Stales. Buteacb, Slate has the
unquestionable right to regulate its own
internal concerns according to its own
pleasure; and while it does not interfere
with the rights of the people of the other
Slates, or the rights of the Union, every
Stale must be the sole judge of its citizens
and promote their, happiness; and all ef
forts on the part of the people of other
Stales t cast edwrnuprMlw-iati a re venue th at
has showed the wisdom tad foresight of ei to pay armies and leaders; seeking aid
and all measures calculated to disturb their
rights of property, or to put in jeopardy
their peace and internal tranquility, are in
pressivc. It may, indeed, happen, that
the revenue will sometimes exceed the
amount anticipated when the taxes were
laid. When, however, this is ascertained,
it is easy to reduce them; and, iu snch a
case, it ia unquestionably, the duty of the
Government to reduce them, for no circum
stances can justify it in assuming a power
not given to it by the Constitution, nor in
taking . away the money of the people
when it is not nccdediorhA,UegUmato
wahU"onTie Govsriiment.
Plain as lhe.e principles appears to be.
you -will yet find that there is a constant ef
fort lo induce the General Government to
go beyond the limits of its taxing power,
and to impose unnecessary burdens upon
the people. .Many powerful interests are
constantly at work lo procure heavy du
ties on commerce, snd to swell the reve
nue beyond the real necessities of the pub
lic service; arid the country has already felt
the injurious effects of their combined in
fluence. They succeeded in obtaining a
tariff or duties bearing most oppressively
course of legislation in relation tu "lbe currency."
I he constitution of the United Miatoa
lionably intended to secure in the
lating medium of gold and Silver. But the vaub
lishment of a national bank by Congress, with
the privilege of issuing paper money receivable
in ihe payment of ihe public dues snd lbe unfor
lunaie course of legislation in ihe several Slates
upon the same aobject drove from general eirca
lation Ihe conniitutioiial cor rem: v. aod auUsiiu..
led one of paper in its nlare.
1 1 was not easy for men engaged ia the ordi
nary pursuits of business, whose attention had
noi boen particularly drawn to tbe subject, W
foresee all the consequences of s currency exels
sively of paper ; and we oupht not, on that an
count lo tm surprised at the facility with which
laws were obtained to carry intueffeal tha nan..
xueiiinea misled by the specious and plaa.ibJo
waieroeuia or in designing. Bul experience
haa now proved ihe mischiefs and dangers of a
paper currency, and it rejia with yoo to deter
mine whether ihe proper remedy shall be ap
plied. . r
The paper system being founded on publie
oonfidem-e, and havir.i of itself no inlriiisin oa.
lue. il ia liable lu great and eudden flurtuaiionej
inoreoj rcnuering
!...,, r a . M-w' . r,THw.,Jr.tan . Jiie
could iioi be usefully employed within the
range of the powers conferred upon Con
gress; and, in order lo fasten upon the peo
direct oppoaition to the spirit in which the ; pie ibis unjust and unequal system of
Union was formed, and must endanger its taxation, sxlravagant schemes of internal
safety. Motives of philanthropy may be j improvement were got up, in various quar
assigried for this unwarrantable inierfer ters, to squander the money and purchase
ence; and weak men may persuade them- support Thus, one unconstitutional meas
selves for a moment that they are Uboriug . ure was intended lo be upheld by another,
corporations wbieb ereateil.s paper money, can
not ba relied upon lo keep the circulating medi
um uniform in amount. In lima of nmanarita .
when confidence is bia-h. thev sre temoied. hv
the prospect of gain, or by tbe influence of those
who hope lo profit by i, lo extend their isaues
of paper beyond the btiundaof discretion and the
reasonable demands of business. And when
these issues have been Pushed on. from div tu
day, until public confidenoe ia at length ahakea
then a reaction takes place, and they imovedi
ately withdraw tbe crediuil averv---auddenly
curtail their issues ; and produce
unexpected snd ruinaos contraction of . tha .
culating medium, which is felt bv the whnU'
community. The banks, by tbesa mssns, .
themselves, and the mischievous eon sequences
of their imprudence or cupidity are visited upon
tha publio, - Nor does the evil stop here.Tbeso "
-ebbsand fluws in tha cuiray and tbese jndia
creet extensions of credit, naturally engender a
apirit of apeculaiion injurious lo the habits and
character of the people. We have already seen
its effects in the wild spirit of speculation in tha
public lands, and various kinds of stock, which
within the laal year or two, seized upon such a
multitude of our citizens, and threatened to per.
ci-ww oi socieir. and to withdrtw
on the ogriculiural and l.b,rmi
i. . ij. .. ... .. .. .
ii i not oy encouraging inia spirit mat we ,
shall best pteserve puMio virtue and promote
tha true interests of our country. But il your
eurreney continues u exclusively paper a it
now 1s, it will foster this eager deaire lo amass
wealth without labor ; it will multiply the nop
bar of dependents cm bank .accommodations and
bank fivers ; the temptation to obtain money at '
any sacrifice will bt come atrenger and stronger,
and inevitably lead to corrapiton, which' will .
find iu way into yuur public councils, , atid ctil
-jrf,