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GOVERNORS MESSAGE.
riflemen of the Senate 5 : i f T
. your biennial return to the seat "of Go-,
vernnient ibr the pu rposes of: legislation,
as the representatives of a free and happy,
opli is always an occasion of interest
o the patriot, and one of gratitude to Him,"
v-hose i kind providence directed our fa
thers in thd "paths of poliiical wisdom,and
ast our lots, in this favoured and happy
knd. i May;, we not hojpe for arcontinu
jDCe ot the: same favors, by walking, in
the same l paths, q nd devoutly asking of
Him that guidance and purityof purpose
vbich i will lead to wholesome and wise
legislation. R - - j ;j- ' . '
JIany Objects of importance will en
gage your attention, but whether youdeem.
this a proper timcjto act upon all of them,
js a matterfbr yoor deliberate considera-
i; if ptiBLiq FINANCES. f m.
The condition fif the Public Treasury,
ghald espejlially ngae your attention.
Xbejapprpp-iations made at the session
before the last, to'disch arge the deb t due
for building the Capitol, so far exhausted
Jhc pubH ind, that itj was insufficient to
geet thWjctSrrent -p xpe rises of thegovern
tnent ; atftlihp piibiic Treasurer yras:dii
jepted c Jlrrow f the Literaryiand: Itw
ternal ImpjpYemnt'ifoards what money
might btefeded oeet those expenses..
Reference to hts report to Uheast Lc-;
pilatureMid4o his monthly settlements
with the. Comptroller will , show the a
mount be the Literary, fund used , by him;
and the j irounti that was. kept on hand,
for his tiie j aS if was deemed better that
thp State should use these funds, thanygo
elsewhere to bbrrowvl? - ri -yk
k ix ue. vurrcnt expenses oi. me oiate ana
the longf session K)f- the : last-Legislature.
ici wic public l-reasurj, at us rise, near-
v Lw iHWHcciiiausiea, except as 10 me I unus
telon firittflr lo the Boards,: , 1 I 1 : "S I
(the last iLegislature. aware of the con-
I fifiohjtjf lie Teasury, and J beingfjcalled
ment l:of.;50,0pp of the ; bonds ; of the
f ilmingftn a atid x Raleigh r.RaiiRoad?
lirig :duiri Jn,xl8, and endorsed by
thle State; directed th'ef Literal ard to
redeem jthpev ponds and, finding it ner
essarylikewisiBtb make provision to meet
ttie iiitrest ialling 'cjue, on: the bonds of
the Raleijth and Gaston Rail Road Com
pany, endorsedbythq State, and to raise
funds to niieet the current expenses of the
tftW$itf the! taxes pf l843hould be
pain fia(othe2j Treasury, authorised the
puDiicii reasurer : to . uorrow tne - sum oi
5u,uuu irpm one oi me Hoards or ot the
Bank3 jpf ; ftate ; and, "being likewise
desiroui tlldo lsomethingijthe relief of
the people it directed the Literary Board
to loan; j5uitsfutids Vt the time , these
requirdmehts of the Jjoard xvere made, It
had les$ than $50,00(X inthe Treasurv, a-
bout mpO,0OQ9 in bonds upon individuals,
jftid thBlbalaheiof .it funds in stocks and
rraineh1ti.se uri t iea '4 fC.(
; ThejLit!raVy Board, desh-ousrto meet
that Msblicbnfidencel manifested bv the
t-egislittufe in their financial skill; pressed
wiicnuiis, uuu vviia casn in nana reaeem-
ttilhe $5(5.000 f Rail Road bonds ; and by
M assi stance of the funds of the Board of
ipiemat improvement, ana those the L.tt
"crary Bparu had been able to pay into the
Treasury; the ptibiicj.Treasurer has been
enabled to; meet all demands at the Treas-
Bry,without borrpwingelsewherc, notwith
4ndirigl$5tOO0. of the bonds of theiWil-
wmgiunianu, ivaieign nau ltoaa, wwen
fiOue'lmyariuarv; i844. endorsed bv the
Stateriiad tb'be Paid by the Treasurer.:
1 The Literary Board did not believe that
I was jjrifpnded by; Ihe Legislature that
lis $tpck32andw other securities should: be
plcl tajidisela, fund Itb be loaned to the
people; and hovve verlmuch the Board re
able1 to'avoid it and rerider the' State, to
hitlil BbaB bwed its first duty; thai
Md Fhjcli if iieededl 3".;' - -'- '
)t;iiiefitlent, upon- the" slightest reflec-
lilt! ' i t . 1 o ,
, arged Ayith'the maoagement of the Lit-
mryarijt Iriterrial Iriiprovement funj.to:
pe reduiriedjtn hnlH th
pie r)qementsf the Public Treasuiy, j j
lo, p?l prevented tronl investing them
jn sonie profitable and permanent invest-
irY")'1' amouni oi interest
k tidKll il'df-z: ' :- is. " ' . r: '
i JitatejbB recommend that ample and
;rLu,itpuM pruvisioq. De made to" supplv
kcest;:Pight justly to be due to the "two"
jBoardsgu jon; their funds kept in the Treai
ie l uuuci reasurv. , Jinn t .nf whto
jto the Literary Board to go.into the dis-
uuuon iunu lor the use otM Uommon
bt(mbarrasfenents of the Treasu
fy aris ii part from the connection of the
f it our Rail Roads, it becomes a
wrj,pfvaborbiilgv intersting to devise
lf1?" thereby their usefulness to the
Whc iy beebntinued, andlhe State at
Wlftime Ts'nstain rib detririi'ent oh'ac
fflfieriiabilitieVior these roads: fr.
: efinicultiesiinder which these roads'
?Y?F Hse I from ithcir" indebtedness ot
Stlstructiori, he WImingtbn and
t Vston,' post some-two millions of
Ja vhile the stock paid in amounted
nd dollars only,1 j leaving the balance of
.e cost of construction a debt against the
orPoration, the interest of which absorbs
I JSPjportion p( Us receipts, c So of the
ffieigh and Gaston RaihRriad: Tt rkti
-5 uuuureujinu iuiy, mou
! Doutone million five hundred" thousand!
l0Qt six huridreo and fifty- thousand dol-
1 77
h 'ng.the balancepfits costof cori:
f ton a debt against the corporation,
- tfxpr 'Ac iiusurus an us receipis,
li lefravin!? the inrrwitnrn;ne 1
frettccj tli'.';iapincnt so niany were
destine 4xperieriree, (for applications
for loans! were vcrv riumerous. it was un
H
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CI u It--
aUNER:;&-,;JAMES, ?. v
ror Proprietors.'. ojl - -
f!fJ
m I -Jl ill? i - V ' ' , '
To aid these! corporation. thivSffitA: im.
der act! of the! Legislature. Dassed for the
pufse;endbre
dollarj fIwiioDi-ofMiVcli' are yet
due ;l a4d for jthe former $300,000 of its
Myaus4;.uaiijqi.jyvnicn naye laiien taaeana
beepj! pildpleBero--$50,000 by the
borpbra;
deemed bvSthe1 Literary Board, as directed
by the j Leistat ure ; "$50,000 havb been
paidjljy jtlPublicJ Treasurer ; and j$50;
006 corainIs to fall dde each succeeding
Januar!djtil!alt fall due ; to meet which
thej ;islaiueimisn in
theevet incorporation fails to pay, . ;
To secure the State against any loss up
on thes endo sementsj deeds of mortgage
hae bn! jxfecuted,t as: reguireol by the
actnnil ttufproperty arid effects of
these ;rdadkc It is respectfully submitted
to your j jwiyoni to adopt, such 5cburse,Hn
relatibp tdlihese roads, as will "secure the
public mteresM ...x-u:..:.
- In regarklj td the: Wilmingtoni and Ra
leigh Rail Ropd, it should be remembered
that thi Stitd is owner of $600,006 of its
capital! s$j$kb, and, therefore whiatever
course mavi be pursued, as to the State's
liability upbn its endorsementjf due regard
should jehad to this "stock that it may
be protj!ctj2l as far as possible, without in-.
vovingiIth!ef State in further difficulties. -
i Arid fulrthfer, the State being the pririciDal
stockhp der injthe corporation, her honor
retjuifey tljHt ts debts should be paid; with
out ranjr reference whatever to her mere
leai lajbilities. She holds the road, steam
boas 4ndalli its effects of value, under
motga ;;it0 Indemnify her -and creditors
riiut rflyifmajinly on the liberality; of -the
State tpgrmit them to get their money
from the corporation. ;
ft is j I e)lieved, 'from the success - alterid
iiigj th4j jo)rjatioris of this road, notwith
standing its heavy losses by fire and at sea.'
that ifjipdulgjed for a few years, it will be
ablejtc hitiall its liabilities; and extri-!
cdt itsrtllifroWdebt, and appreciate the
vhlpe of Ijs s,tock. ; ;
hiiMuljjence, it is believed, may be
easily jgtvfeh without any further risk to
eStMr : - -:.
Alrqajdy thie literary Board holds of th
locls jb tiis corporation, endorsed by the
Stijto y pfqre slated, $50,000 ; the State
Treasurer htjlds $50,000 more, paid for by
him out of the funds of? the same Board
lying m tM- Treasury ; and the Literary
Board;,, 2$ collecting in its debts, will be
enbled to 'take up the other bonds, or, at
lfeast, Ithejj jlaj-gier part of them, as fast as
tjhilffilipfifj.'-.' And I doubt not the'cOrpo
rationi wpriU promptly pay the interest to
1 procure indulgence on the principal, where-
DKyyiM enabled to meet other liabil
lisvhi5tj press, and sometimes embar
rass, tolerations. v V . V: ' ' .
j lhMteiiary; Fund should be in safe
aid; cprf j$ j investments. What safer or
inpre Icejrtai investments could this fund
have,!il2&riin these bonds ! Safe; because
the Statj4 jis security, and has a mortgage
ujipn prjjprly, costing bver two millions
fdollar iq secure their payment cer
tain, ibcause they yield semi-annually
W i .i-J j. a. - z A A. . 1 1 . 1
Hnt. interest : which does not
fluctdaty
like te dividends of Bank Stock,
this course be adopted, the Board
! I Should!
will be aided and relieved r the' Literarv
Fiuri(Jwdlpave a safe and certain invest
ment:; and the State will be no further in
volved, jjjfrj : -Ilyoir
will adopt this', or' some
iscmcbdrsie, is submitted ib your consid
eration.!! But whatever course is pursued,
ample provision should be made to sus
tain heicfedit ofthe State, in every pos
sible cprijtingency. r;: -: . ; f- -
j Injregiird to the Raleigh arid Gaston
Rail jRoiad, this work too was constructed
stated, mostly upon; credit -the
balance! tlue for its construction, after ex
hausting: the whole of the stock 1 subscrib
ed," arnbtinting to a sum much larger than
the Whqlfe.stock.
j This corDoration havincf failed in Jan-
uaryp 1843,to pay the interest due on its
bpndijj epbped bythe Stated the"1 Public
reasufer promptly paid it, and preserv
ed the faith, of the State, and has continu
ed to do so; ever since; The amount thus
riaidiwjUhjppear from. his. report. , -L
A biEt iril5quity has been j5 led accord
iS to Ihe requirements of the acts autho-
"smg tpe endorsement, to sequesterthe
brptits lif jibe Road to indemnify the State
T-a"u f ,,cFlvcr hPs oeen appointed, it
is bejlie red that the receipts of this Road
for yea & to come will be insufficient to
ltfin jfepair and pay theT interest Up
on its debt ; : consequently its debt -must
phtiriujer jpf increase. It is, therefore, i-e-speptly
Submitted whether it would riot
be better for the stockholders, the State,
and thfe jf'hlrcf that the road and its ef
psevf slbrild be disposed of under themort
gagps r'lsbjthat .whether ;it falls info the
hands' jf Ihe State jor iritolthe haridstbf a
11 i :.i 'itSL' Ztf ZlT-1.. -1 .1 Sr. .-- : - a -1 - A
pew sqi. oij iocjs.uoiuers,incorporatea ior
the jpdfppIt majrbe disembarrassed :
forJjlitUeJcjoubf isenteruiin ihatwith
even lis present prospects it;wi 11 not! only
kpep Jiself ih repai r, but will y ield besides
a cpnsidemble income. . ' 1 . - , -;
v Should you determine to take this course,
such, stensi should be adopted as will be
bestcdlctilated to enhance i the - value - of
thei prbpertyj-This course is,. due to-the
State to protect her, against her liabilities
'
L- t. v i ' i; -.1. tUA.-timtUr - it i rftfi I hn f candidates lor PUDlic educated, ll is equuin Vxr " :
H js.uuc io iiiu&erinuivuiuaisL wuu vui- i jeci oi , iraporiauuu- o-iwk.. vhuj , , r--i; , , . . , r -.l. " rt,,nfipj should receive I historica
untarijy entered into bbnds.tothe amount Fconsidem d9f.th
-f&EnnnAA i-:rj.::iv.it -ci;-Li Urt:.vn.a.2.;f T).nrt.; iitAvoiY tAinVr and seeing? tliose Avhose connoence .similar-advantages. - . . . T:
A '-) ' r'-' A -I J" -'J
' .rfvc
- - wls AE.-u.f r ; ' - ?AvK
her endorsement ;- and i it isrdue ,to- the
stockholders to make the property,; if, pos-t
sible, bring more.than the amount ( pf : the
debts due front the corporation.so tat the
stock: may riot ; be ah entire lossT j it : v
v ;-And in connection with" this" subject,"!
wil I respectfully refer you to thmessage
ture;relativei to effecting: a communica
tion by rail -road , between Jhis road and
the several rail roads which terminate at!
ttr t - - 1 J -r , ' ! 2jC-fV.yrJit''1
vy eiaon, anato cpnsirucii ng a; 1 u rnpise
frbrii Raleigh .Westward. I These, two im
provements : would greatly enhance the
utility arid valud of the Raleigh! and Oas
ton llail. Road, . and -1 doubt n bt, would
cause it to bring a much higberjjpriceJ ,
. Since the adiournment of the last Le
gislature, a portion of the Portsmouth and
r r: t t ! -!t- 1 j ?ii2-- iL' !fi!.ri ' e
ivoanoKe ivaii iioaa, wunia meijiiuiiis 01
this State, wasjornup andr rendered fiin
passible, by an individual claiming it as
a purchaser, at a sale made under an ex
ecution against the corporation,?, whereby
the travel and transportation on the road
were for a time obstructed. The legality
01 -tne course I pursued uy tne purcnaser
has Undergone judicial investigation, and !
tne matter is now penaing oeiore ine ou- j
preme Court, j ; 1 . , .
It is not my .design to express or inti
mate an opiniori as to the propriety or le
gality of the course pursued by the pur
cnaser.
The interest which stockholders have in
a corporation created for the public use
and convenience, should be subject to their
debts ; and the property held by such cor
poration should be liable to its debts ; but
this interest and property should be reach-
1 , .I" W "l . ! '. .. A. A. .
eu Dy me creditor in sucn way 1 as not 10
put the public to inconvenience,1 destroy
the franchise; and defeat the object had in
view by the Legislature in its creation.
If there be no law to enable creditors to
reach the interests of stockholders and the
property of jcorporations, without detri
ment to the public, such a law; should be
passed as will enable creditors! to secure
their debts, arid, at the same tiine, secure
to the public the benefit and convenience
intended by creating the corporatipn.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
Upon the subject of Internal Improve
ments, I respectfully invite your attention
to the suggestions made in my message to
the last Legislature. And, in addition to
those suggestions, I will add that fewnv
ers in the South are 'more susjee
improvement for navigable purposes, and
at a small expense, than the rivers in the
lower part of our State. jj .;!.'..
It is true that for a portion pf the year
they are deficient in-depth o1 water for
navigation ; but-that may be ksily reme
died by the construction of dams and locks
ait those parts of the rivers where the wa
iter is of sufficient depth, as there is always
water enough to keep the dams filled.
There being but little descent in those
rivers after leaving the great falls, usually
found near the commencement of the al
luvial regionl but few dams irbuld be re
quisite to make them permaiieritly navi
gable. . , A ... I j ; -
- Take the Cape Fear, for instance I am
not informed as to thendescent bf its chan
nel below Fayetteville ; but ! beginning
at that point 1 on the river which can, at
all stages of the water, be reached by
steamboats from Wilmington "rand I think
it very probable that a half dozen dams
with locks often feet lift each,! would ren
der the river at all times navigable for
steamboats to Fayetteville. j
With a. permanent steamboat naviga
tion from our excellent port oj Wilming
ton, to Fayetteville, and a gopld Turnpike
from thence to some navigable point on
the noble Yadkin, who c&n estimate the
vast advantages to the State ?
Take the Neuse already has a steam
boat ascended it, in its present unimprov
ed condition, as far as Smithfield, within
twenty-height, miles of Raleigh.
It is said, by .those better jacquainted
with the 4 river than myself to be at all
times navigable from Newbern to, .or
within a "short distance of. Waynes
borough ; soine fifty miles distant from
Raleigh. Allowing a - foot br .wo descent
in - every mile necessary to jive- to any
stream a current, can. doubt be entertain
ed.that eight or ten dams with locks of
ten feet lift each," would, give! permanent
steamboat navigation to jne: lmmeuiaie
vicinity of Raleigh ? f j I M- "r- ;
; Again, the course of this rver in, some
places is extremely circui tous t, after wind-
ing aUOUt fur, UlllC&Jt'iCtuiua.j iu. nitmu'a
very short! distance , of its, own channel.
Across the; isthmus at thosejpoints of ap
proximation, short navigable: panals'might
be cut, with locks at their lower termina
tions, thus at once avoiding the expense
of any dam shortening - thel navigation,
and overcoming whatever 'ascent- there
might be in the natural chahnel. ' ;! ;
2Thi imprbyemehtjwbuldj ye:perma
rint'stftambbaf naieatibn frbm Newben
f mtiAn i 'nn ,vi trfltinn friim vhirn
to
, - - .i :i -''ii xr-'j. LL tt,
any point on : iue Accuser iu wfiicu 11.
ight be carried; and ihe facility of hay-,
mi
igation - would ibe greatly, increased by
deadeninsr the current and niakingit equal
to slack water navigation! j Boats pf '.but
ml . ' ) ' i .' a. 1 .i.'i !-.
then could no easny-roweu wy ieaiuuoais,
hr nrnnel tftd . b V Other. POWer.1 1-' 1
- Immediately'cbnnpcted LWi
h rthis ," iiri-
provementbf the Neuse i another sub
- J
be equaV U notuperibf1 to "any other on
burcoast, south of the Chjesaieake f -Vy
: ; InHriy last message; I drew the atterition
of the. i Legislature to .he proprietyof
preidgluppnCori necessity of
mak iriga s'lip chanhsl from Pamlico Sound
tqjtliisfi drboqr; as'weRas the necessity
'and utili ty of opening a'ship'channerat or
nedr SNa Head, between the Albemarle
Sound khd the Atlantic Ocean. : ' ;
TI jriowinyite your attention, likewise, to
those subjects, with! a' recommendation
that you press their1 consideration' upon
the attention pf the General Government,
But to the connection between thev nav
igation "'iff the Neuse and Beaufort Har
bour whatever connection there may be
betweenj Beaufort Harbour and Pamlico
Sound, the freight boats on the Neuse can
not aail themselves of its benefit. - -
Such brafl; as will navigate the river
cannot live in stormy weather in the wide
waters of the Neuse below Newbern, and
of the Pamlico Sound. 1 The ri ver boats,
.therefore, will have to put their cargoes
aboard 'of larger crafr at Newbern to be
taken to (Beaufort. This transshipment it
is desiraple-to avoid,1 and it is more than
-
pj uuauic .ii can uc a.uiuv;u.
The section of country between New-
I bern and Beaufort, a distance of some 40
I or 50 miles, is comparatively a plain, but
little elevated above the JNeuse at Jew
berti, or the Ocean at Beaufort, with a soil
admirably adapted to the purposes of con
structing canals. A canal may-be cut
from Beaufort to some point on the Trent
and Neuse at or near Newbern, so as to
avoid ariy wide waters that might make
the navigation dangerous, and the river
boats be locked into this canal, and thus
deliver their cargoes from the upper coun
try direct 011 ship board in one of the best
Harbours of the Union, i
The practicability of this improvement
is unquestionable, if there be streams be
tween these two points pf sufficient mag
nitude and elevation to serve for feeders
to the! canal. Upon this point I am not
informed ; but if there be not such streams,
there is; ample water of sufficient eleva
tion in lakes Ellis and Long Lake to an
swer. the purpose, which, by some-additional
expense, might be brought to the
canal to supply it. 1 ' j
With; good navigation from Beaufort to
the vicinity of Raleigh, and a good Turn
pike or j Rail-Road west-ward from that
?ki "c pointj who can estimate its vast impor
iptible ot j tance t this Stfte ? Whether this im
provement be practicable, and what will
be its cost, can be i easily ascertained.
The science of engineering is no longer
an occult science, and its application no
longer a mystic art. ; It is already reduced,
in our country, to: a common pratical
science of every day application.
Surveys and estimates can be made, and
responsible persons can be found ready to
undertake any enterprise and guarantee
its execution for a stipulated sum. To
undertake now a work of Internal Improve-
; ment is not, as heretofore, taking a leap
in the dark. We only have to look belore
we leap, and then we can ascertain cer
tainly what will be the result..
, No doubt is entertained that a similar
system of iriiprovements by dams and
lock? upon the Tar and Roanoke rivers,
will greatly improve their navigation.
1. mqfi.:i u .Um. nl stmnr
th our Ions leaf pine, well wei-hed
down with stone ; and its durability, when
constantly kept wet, sufficient for all prac
tical purposes. !
Thevievvs expressed in relation to these
improvements . are made rather with a
hope that they may attract public atten
tion and elicit public enquiry, than with
the expectation that you will take any ac
tion upon the matter at this time, further
than, it, may be, to institute some inquiry
to obtain information.
i j jiavp but-little to add to the sugges
tions I rriade to the last Legislature rela
tive to improvements in the middle and
western; parts of the State. They want
good roads. Give them facility in getting
to good markets, and their energy and in
dustry will supply them with all they
need. ! . 'h w' '
THE ELECTION.
Jwas duly notified, by the Sheriff of
Davidson of the death of the Hon. Chas.
Brbmmell. a member elect of that county
to the House of Commons ; and by the
Sheriff of Caswell, of the death of the
Hon. LeviWalkeK ajmember elect from
that county to the House of Commons ;
and by the Sheriff of Greene, of the death
of the .Hpnl James Harper, a member
elect from ! that county 2 to the Hbuse of
Coinmoris ; and by the Sheriff of John
ston, ofj the, deaths of the, Hon. Rarisbm
Sanders, the Senator elect of that county
tbithe present Legislature j j ,,4
' jvyrits oelectibn have been vissuedtb
tit these vacancies. This extraordinary
mortality among , the members elect ot tne
T nmc-latnro r hnrt tim. tnn.atter their
vv6p";k"f w:r;r. , " ? ,r " . 1- j
election, and the death of a distinguished
ilat.e a candidate for the office, of
eit izen. late a "candidate for the
Gbvernor of our State,' andrthe: deathipf
i several otner. canuiaaies nuicruuuug ui
immediately alter ineir .cauva, ciu;iu
appeal to you -with- great force;upbn'the
propriety piaiieriug iuo ; uuc u uwuiu;
the. elections.-; - ..-. - w ; . t . : -
; at.is proper that; candidates iprpuonc
W
JJ...N-0
they seek : and "that 'the 'voters7 should
have - the opportunity of j udging of;. their
qnalificatibnJ.TP
ed.tnem at a time. of the year, whenthe
heat and diseases pf summer
danger' their jiyes. Iti likewise trbe tfiat
sbme of obr citizens in the lower counties
afeldeprfyedfbf ; theirvotes. T Theyare
driven from th low country by the fear,
of disease, before the election, and dare
not, return, (p yote at the time at which .it
is now held. ;It is, therefore, respectfully,
rccoriimerided that the day of holding the
elections for the future be some' time iri4
the months of June or jJuly.4 : ': ',
THE JUDICIARY. .
The Bench of the Supreme, Court has
been deprived of one of the brightest or
naments that ever adorned it, xmd North
Carolina of one of her noblest andmost
cherished sons, in the death of Williarn
Gaston, late one of the associate Justices
of that Court .THe was i emphatically a
good man and a great Judged His place
was supplied by. the Governor and Coun
cil by the .ippointmntof the Hon. Fred
erick Nash, of Hillsborough, one of the
nlh. The Hon! David F. Caldwell, of
Salisbury, was in like ; manner! appointed
to the Bench of the Superior Cfpurt to fill
the vacancy occasioned by the resignation
of Judge Nash. Their commissions ex
pire with the termination of your session.
It wilfbe your duty, therefore, tp fill both
vacancies. ; j !
The offices of Solicitor for three "of the
Judicial districts are vacant. It devolves
on you to fill them, j
AGRICULTURE.
While provision is made inour colleges
and 1 schools for the instruction of our
youth preparatory to their entering into
the learned professions, little or no effort
is made to prepare them for that most
useful o'f all pursuits, agriculture
Should any generous youth desire to be
come a scientific Agriculturist, and an in-
tal mant nv nfin't 1 infmar nn nmuisinn iss t
h..b,m r. , r. -.
made for his instruction in any of our
schools or colleges. (Indeed, so little in
tellect is employed in Pur Agriculture, that
our youth rather deem it a reflection upon
their minds to engage in it, and look upon
it as a pursuit only worthy of the slave or
the hind who is as ignorant as the brute
he drives. This impression should be re
moved. What pursuit can be more inte
resting, more intellectual The mightest
minds are lighting up the path of the Ag
riculturist by their extraordinary discove
ries in Chemistry. A Dana a Johnson, a
Liebig arid others are looking into the ar
cana of nature and revealing her wonder
ful secrets to the husbandman.
Agriculture to a cultivated mirid ceases
to be a laborious arid stupid pursuit, fol
lowed only because it provides the neces
saries of life. It hits become an intellec
tual pursuit, worthy of the most fastidious
taste or exalted mind. . :
I therefore recomifiehd that an Agricul
tural Professorship j be added to our Uni
versity ; or, if it be deemed better, that an
Agricultural School be established, where
Agriculture may be taught as a science,
and where a model farm may be attach
ed, and the science! be practically illustra
ted and applied to use.
And I likewise recommend an Agricul
tural, Geological and Mineralogical sur
vey of the State. ;
No State" in the Union presents more
interesting geological formations, 01 a
greater variety of soils and productions,
than ours. Such surveys, made by a man
of science, would; add much useful infor
mation to bur present knowledge of the
State, and would doubtless greatly ayl the
cause of Agriculture.
A scientific mineralogical survey, skill
fully maderand reported in terms and
language within! the comprehension 4f
miners and persons of ordinary education,
would greatly aid the mining operations
of bur State anj-interest becoming-well
worthy of legislative attention. Now ig
norance gropes in the dark in search of
metals and minerals,, never found in the
formations where the search is" made :-f-then
the light of science would point but
the localities where search might be made
with every probability of success. I be
lieve jthet saraei amount of money; could J
not be so usefully applied in any other
STATISTICS.
In every civiiized country it has been
Ybund useful to obtain as much statistical
Information as pbssible. This subject has
been greatly neglected. Who can tell or
even; make a rational guess -- as, 10 mc
quantity of the, v arious productions of our
Statfi the riumher of acres in cultivation,
the number of domestic animals, the ,cx-
tent ot our manuiacturing, inecnanicai
and ininlng operations ? Yet it is believ
ed all this information might be bbtaihedi
with' little trouble of expense through the
aid of ourv County Courts. . I therefore
recommend the subject, to 3rour attention
j ; COMMON SCHOOLS.
? Airthe counties in this' State havela:
dopted the Common School system, except
If it be proper,
land for.the" interest of the State, that the
children 01 ine. oiuciv". - 7 . , . .
educated, it is .equally proper tnat tne cnii-
- xue net annual linAAmo'.r k. t t -
.4 --
Fund, distributed in March and Scptem.'
b?mgu?tC(J ? Ulc sum bf 802,0 37 71. .
Ihe Schools have cronft non,.
operation,; 'but there iyk want of sys-V
tern in their hiana-erncnt. It is believed , - -
noming would aid the success of thee r
schools more than the jippointrnerit of an
pfficient tatc Agent,well versed in the '
subject of common schools, 'Twhose duty it '
shbuld he' to travel over theStatr, visit the ' I
pountiesiee adviseari( dircctfthp super-;,
iritcndent&aridioblcbmm the f
discharge! of their duties ;1 and uselhis in-" '
uueoce id awaueu a jiveiy interest in tne I
I veIierrvBbardvyiJU' durinsr'your :4
session, crive a report more in detail as to :
ihbjOperaf iops of the sytemf management -andcoridtibn
of tbefus accbhipanied; -
bytsuch remarksand suggestions as it will t
uk, uccmpu cApcuieni anu proper 10 ma ice; -to
which 1 respectfully refer you' for fur-"
ther information. v. V-'TI : '
t - v 1- A; -X .ASYLUMS. v:. ; :,. .
For more jthan a century and a quarter
thejLegisJatare of this State has been en- Yi.
gaged inlmakingt laws fbr :the benefit of "V
that blasoft its citizens which least heed- r-v
ed aifl,?ihie thb- hejplesstand'afflictcd
children df misfbirturie arembstvholly;.- ! '
disrerddiAithbughv -.f
fund appicdj tqeXp'urposeVibf general - !
education no provision, whatever is made ? :
wuereuy j mp.ueai uuu '.uuiiiu .uiiu: uiiuu, . ;
thpsp mot rjeedirig its nid, are benefitedi
1 he laciiity pith whlch-they can be taught 1
is truly surprising. And Avhenrvvp'reflect ' 1 ) r
I that it N - believed ? that the deaf mutes. ,
without education, hayp no just idea of a., '' t.
3aprbmei Bcjing ;thaneUher th'ey))pr ,tho Kr ' -blind1
canjreid the TOrdpfsalrrition with- -2. 1 L
opt iristriction, and'theTgreataselwith - j -f
which bdth ban belaught to read it, is it- J- ;J -notwonderfuL
thatriyichHstia " - :
nity Should delay ii moment to "make pro"
vision for their instruction 13; 'i-' ? f-. .t It . ,
Atain : no provision is' made -for "their
maitenanclniridl. appbrtjexcept 'What is "
to. be 'found ri the poor JawsManrof ; ; ;
theni, if educated and instruPted in ' usefuU,' '-U
themselves land enjoy life' as fatiori'al-crea-1 .
tures.- "Witjiotitlthese advaritages,'we of-3
ten find them huddled together within tho!
corifinesof a loathsome Poor. HouseJ doom- l"jt f?-
ed to whilej awaV a miserable existence m r
wretched nebs to themselves, and at an in-j
f5s to themselves, and at an in- i .
creased elferiseitathhbsedut it is"
to make fotf them more ample provision;, : (
The condition of the'iianqjnets ybjarp-;
earnest attntion.lrMariyrpfthe -be
rest ored to themselves 'anatof their use-.- 4
fulness, if an asvlum Avere''Drovide"d where r ,
lr?lfnl nnri flYnpuflnppn m?lnifyprs; Annul - r .?
. . i' . . - -V ... - . s" .-... ,. s1
have tne suervisiou and control ot the pa- - r - i
tierit. The p those whose cases were hope
less miehtj likewise receive the care and
attention their condition required-:I there- -forp
most earnestly recpmnielid that am-
pie iprovisi)n befmade; fbrUhe education,
of the deafb dumb and blind, for thejrestor. -atipn
of thf, .insane,; if practicableapd for-
tliUi nmfrrtnhlA srjfrnfinfAVf fill . 22 2rtU It- -
It may lie said this is notVa propitious, 4 1 '
uuiG-io uipueiiUKi: ,su fjivut- . .uiiv..j iv?;,
century hais passed, and thptime has not?v
come. Another may pass, arid itjstlll may
not come. f a bounteous Prbvidencewere.V .
to withhold his favors "from 'us, ?po longins;
we withhold purs frbm!his afflicted chil- -dren,
how ouickly would we make . that v -propitious
time arrive ! -Now is the time. ;
You have jonl v to will it, and it is done. 1
The meani areat yoursj command. f j, 1 hat -miserly
constituent who grudgingfy yields ; '
the little pbrtion which' he would berc-;
quired: to- tribute towards . so gooda .
vprlc, idesprves not the shbivers and sun-:
shine of Heaven, and heed riot hoj5e,for,a
blissful J futurity J v.Vithput the aid ofyour.f
branch of the government gentlemen, thatt
unfortunatp class may bid fare well to hope, v
arid welcome despairDfVi 1
p. s tl !PE?ilTENTlARy;r
' For years past the subject of changing je
our Criminal Code by the establishment of f -the
Penitentiary System, has engaged p'tib-:
lie attention. . DoubtlesVyou are' awareV
of the wishes ofyour constituents upon the
subject, apd will fully comply .with thenir
I am satisfied that criminals oQen escape
cbnvictiod frbmHliumane feeling in the ju-V
ry -and tneir unwillingnessTto subject thb
offender to severe and ignominious cprpo- .
mL.pnisentrAndifacrimina.,be
convictedj the '.present mpdeofpunisbrhent ;
is butillyj calculated to reform rhimortoVi ' ;
benefit? the . State. Solitaryconfineinent v ,
fahd hard labor 1 are wholesome remedies. ;
for desperate moral diseases.' 5t juTt, m ' .
j It tSf bejieyed that the? adoption.; of the -t i
system wbuld be good economy : the pro;
fits arising frorii theilabo., ofcriminals ;
would exfceed the expenses of carrying tho- f
criminal (a vy into execution arid it Wouldv
be an! admirable svstcin-lo'applyhe . pro w .
i u s-riSi't.s i: .i . '.-
ceeus ans,ingirpin ine puuiKuuiriiv uuu uui.-j -- i
rectiori of yicelarid idleriess.4o the , Coni-
mon School fund, to aid in the moral and.-" .
intellectual cultivation ot bur youth. it;. - ,-,
Would bej rearing the beaut iful.nnd; dlif r m.i
cate- flovver of Virtue outf the fectid hot- r
bed of Vce. , ? - V v - i k
As Ion J as the' American Union shall endure, v' l
to long mil the History of iheestaWisbmenl of
American Independence, be a s p J
history ofthis State ii fraught xvith incidents of, j
the decpey interest, and docs honorjq ourpatjj
interest o evcrv raino. . --.jy
XVbtie another State boasts of .be.
rireared the StandanTof Liberty?.boldIyfde
illusttioua descent, if we neglect to preserire t7 t
aU means in bur power, the history f"
I - . : t i;.t "ii.:'..iaHii that dociar
lam uecuj ot wujcu inciu;..--- i v ;
"2S". "Vi-'i. documents of our
TT- fSi?e fourth JS
-s
iing the ctadle c( Libeitf olma alont r
bri her so 1 on the;20th of May, 177olhat her ji ; s:
sons
claied their independence oi tne unusn urown,
laid declared thcmselyes.iM a free and jndeoen-:
ilent people," aso'vereigriand seltgoverning:
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