n
i ,:4 -
YiL.. :
" Vc (in3 tic .follovfi"., in .S
azfhlthcrd dcpompanic l Jjv .1
Jwinaa original drawing by Mr. C..liti, j
v&pbag Arobabfy sqeh more of the native
fribcsitfpirthAmcrica than any other
Vhite iliaSvr Hte very interesting North-
.meycaiihuscprn;.jrormer1y)of this city,
and wnicfi; was pecehtly exhibited in Lon
don.1 wasfcohected during ah intercourse
j;7WtlV rhni A Vnnre complete view
apparc
uncivilized races of jmeh Lwhcn their ter
ritory is invaded by tlm civilized The
nloujrhrhan
diHeintl
auuj uiu;iiuincr nuvu uucrt-sia
thai eitjier the one or the oth-
er must pre
vail fe and al 1 - experience , has
gtiovvn that
yhqn this cultivator has . once
taken his stand,
there he will maintain his
conquest 0vcr tile sqil. Mr. Catlin informs
'nv thai j out pi ;th'c 400,000 : retL men in
JCorth America,! thrqc fourths jarc depen
dant for food on the- herds of buffalo ; oh
the wetprn side of ihc Mleganies, and he
expressca i opinio l that J in eignt ortcn
yes'tMse animals wilb ha vej become so
scarce thtltwial bc difficult for the tribes
to find $he means of jsubsistancc. v Indeed
?o various arc f leuses Qf- thej buffalo - to
the IndiailsJ tha: any great diminution in
the number of j hese animals must; have
conViderahic efipct upon their jbabits, and 4
render ithecessiiry for them tordevise" new
means pt supplying jmany of their. vants.
Mr..Catlrn says : The robes jbf the' ani
pals are worn by the .Indians instead of 1
y tqe .indu
blankets; heir skips,: av hen tanned awjl
oscd as cbyerings f(Sr their lociges iind ifiyr l
wcm ueu 1 ; u nurcssea incyare usca iop,
constructing cibesitfors
halje lassos, and jhongsThe horns are
sbai36d(iniades'ad;pbonsilh brains'
are used for d resingj the skins ; their bones
are! usd Sfor! saddle-trees, for war-clubs
and scrapers for graining the robes. 1 The
Vinews are usqu for strings and back's . to
thejc bovs,; for ibread to string their beads
ind sew iheiresseslxThe jfeet ofjthe
ihimals 4ve boiled, I w lh jtheir ; hooist for
glue, vyith "vhfcti tKcfesten their arrow-:
points and use (or various purposesThe"
kair frowihe htaxl and shoulders which
is long w tvvisteq arid braided into halters,
and the taiHs ilsed jfor si fly-brush.? a -
Tne j dneidajrpqii oC 1 Senecas,and
OnoridagAs, who inhabited, that portion of
ihe'cdritiAentffifchf iwith
cities; -ang Jhhvingjsettlemenis, are n
little more than
histpricaijiames, as these
have disannearnd . CA v.
powerfulstribes
izationstrept ,theni away; becausit com
raimicatcd f Hcm bn jy its .vices and dis
eases. jJEycmwithi ti t le last six : -years, a
my. iuterektin trUe, the t Mandans, has
becoaie extinct throUsrh the ravages of.thn
srnalJ-poirlWhfelNlWjOatii n; visited them
they had! t :yillaes,Vaboutj: two ; miles
from eaqBothercoritaini one thou
sand sbuUleach. , Vhen the disease was
nrsi iiiirouceu jamong them, tne Manuans
were surrounded hVf several var-nartifis
of the Sioiix, and they were therefore con-
iuicu vjuaciy lujiuein vuiages. a jluc aisor
dcir was jso; malignant; that many died a
iew hours after being attacked. - ThxCn,
counts; given tdMr.Catlin state, thatr so
slight tQ the) hopes of : the poor people
when jonliejattckeidllhat nearly; halt, of
thciii est-oyed ..i ;tti msel vsT" j witli their
kjiiyesjor giiiis, of h)y leaping head-fbre-tnost
fcojn a thirty-foot ledge of rocks in
front otjtheirjvillage
Vho pWeised in a ji: eminent degree all
the virjtues of the savaged recpyered from
tac. attack ' " He sat in his wigwam' and
watched even one 6f his family die about
him r his wives a;bdl his little childrerr: :
a-Jli'li'lli. It' J ' .11 : "' 1
C uc waieu rouna me village anu
VeptoVerjtbe jfinarjlestfuction of his tribe
his ;VirrioH all'Jjid low : returning to
his Ibdfge; he liid his jarhjly in a pile! and
Covered them with! ; sftVYrnl rnKf s ? nnA.
grappling idhe rouriu fiimself, "went outurf
niainedsev:cral dayp dctcrinined to starve
himselfltoideaih Jlere he remained till
. sitji day When he had ijust strength
cttOugJij to er c p back to his vi 1 1 a ge I and
enter into; his" Wigwam. Then lyi ng down
fiy thq Ride ;bf his family, he perished jof j
aungeron thq ninth day alter he had first
To return, however, totheiubject of the
cut. r; !t.h'4; Grows' Mr. Catlin says ' roaket
4e rn,4stbeajutifoj .lodges of ; any jof the
A
Aorthi RmeriGan tribes? The exterior con-1
owMiides sewed together, and
1 Retimes dressed as white as linen.
They areicturcsquelybm
I pi cu pine, qui 1 is, mngea wun scaip-jocKS,
?ncT ga?yly painted.j Clerl)apsrthereis on
j side a picture of the Great Spirit and
j J.a thejjoppositp sidpne t ofthe'Eyil SpirhV
! 'a sodue as many asjfortyl men cart dine
f.tKehighi'-6f'!ihbse; of the - better sort
! MwentyfiveJfoet.i It is supported bya-"
wot thirty poles of IpiheWpod. IfThe Sioux
construct their lodges in a similar manner.
the manner in vMch the; Svig warns of a
olejviltage, consisting perhaps, of; six
nondrd:Jiabi :ations, are simultaneously
wx Vrygiilar scehe The chief
sends his Gunners criers thrqugh the vil-aSe.tj'-'gye
a ' nohec of his intention- to
arch. inja fw prX and thehour1 fixed
InJ th meaiitimepreparations are
"and ,Hs soon ashe" lodge-of the'
V s seen flapping; in the Wvind, from
?me the pples having been taken down,
f example is-foIl owed instantly. In a
momenta thft fll!Pr TnHfrn ic UvnlUrl
7 he ground, and immediately all the
fkvyratrns are struck.V ;The' horses
then loaded in the following
esof a lodge aro di vi
esand the small ends
i the lifi U 'bblj of a people was c.-of 1,i!V&X-??,-tt f5
t i r i J . i , it,-,. xM'nii n loe ground-on either side. , J ust behind
W.?.HntH t0,.heCJ,C-. 0.thins.fth'o;nor?q ft! brace or .pole is tied-acrossi
ntiv can arrest mo ucsiruuuon oi
tio vwa bund
U -i-i -'''It -
bru:;eh & ja:.ies,
I llrtitors 4 Proprietors.
r
i -
1L
of each ate! fastened : upon; the." shoulders
which keeM the poles in their'nroperpla
cesT; Tbe;ldge or tent which is rolled
up,'; and jalso numerous other articles : of
houseboLiki!land domestic furniture are
placed, cn;thVpoles behind the horse and
Upon his labk, and on topbf all, two; the
three, jan4;
andchildreii.- Each' one of these horses
, hasj a- bond uctress,-who: sometimes walks
pqfprq nndjeads; bim ; with a tremendous
pac v,upo? 6erback.V iMhis way.five or
six hundred, wigwams, w,th all theic fur- j
nuufc ni5y;OQ seen urawn out jor mues
creejpipgr joer the grass-covered plain ;
and ithreeithncs that number, of rjieii," on .
good liorsjs strolling in front or on the
flan, !and iinorhe tribes in the rear. ' At
Jeasj; five jtjmes that number of dogs fall
ip (Jiejratikjj and follow in - the' train - and
com'ifi!iv pj the women ; "and every cur of
inem wjiq iSriarge. enougn, and not .too
cunning oJ be ;enslayed, - iss encumbered
witW a isoftf Isledgeon -which he drags
his tlp4d-r4at! part of the .(.household cbods'
ant farbif ure of the lodge' to which he be-;
e m fine tanuan viuaEres Which ium
iwvid,-ws :admirabjy selected on
ill
angleioM land tortv or hitv ieetabove
he
bek Cf p: fi ver,q r that thebaie'bf the
ah
I i ..
at the town was the onlypart
iratiglrirbtection. thertwb sides biiimr
lidd by tie river, with its banks of near-
k; Jhe Jbase waidefendeu by
pf timbers o'f a foot or more in
a stock
US-;
fjajjiej ej j hid eighteen foe t high at suffi-
cni uisrances 10 aamit ot the detend
ets:;lisch4ring Jtheir weapotis between
iHern tllhie. ditch of three or four feet in
i vilion the inward side of the vil-
age. J ITjiet lodges were closely - grbuned
, ejtler,ith just room enough to walk
Jar iid5betiween them. They; were all of
circiulHKIorm,;and from forty to sixty
in ttiumier, ana wunin were neat anu
lbimfqrfaple. wallswere firmly con-
Mpipujvvjui iiinuers 01 eigne or.nine mcn
e$ Jn didmjjterfand six feet highstanding
Closjelyftqglither, and supported on the out
side byj'abjj embankment of mud. Then
erfe inclined at an angle of lortv
ive- degrees leaving an aperture t at the
apex of three or four feet wide for a chim-
f iry 1 aim x iiy ugut. ue rooi isupport-
ed by timbers i n the interior of fhe lodge.
Outsid the roof is covered with a! mat of
viiio;pptigns5oinau a iooi or more in
ihickHessl! fin Which the rearth is spread to
ihedepta of itwo or -throe1 foet, which is
ppyerpu win a ciay inac soon naruens ana
bjBComes itpervioUs to water The top of
jthc lodget ip the grand lounge of the whole
fimily lp pleasant weather. fBut Only an
jeevtriep cari desciibe the scenes which
pnIndiai J village presents. Mry Catlin,
ispealviri of this Mandan' village, says :
Lncjj groiips 01 lodges around me present
p. very cunous appearance. Un the tops
are
9 to jp$ icon . groups standing reclining';
stern f waarfiors, like statutes, standing in
jdagniiejlgoups, wrapped in their painted
rjabesj yirt their heads decked and pliim
Jeidi withjullls of the war-eagleextending
ipejr jiong prms 10 jne ease or me west, to
tie scenes! of their battles, which they are
rbountinover.to each other. In anoth
er jdirect joji arewooing lovers, the swain
playing dtf his simple lute. On other lodg-
iejsi pndbe'oribrthcm, groups are, engaged
te"i.f 1 ISdrnes are to be seen manufacturing
lubpes) jainjlj dresses,, and others, fatigued
jvith apusements: or occupations, have
sjtretc hd &efclimbs..tpj enjoy the luxury
qflkrepJvilebasking in thesun. Be
slaes thegrbups of the living, there are on
'toja r :QfaT)f the jodges b'utTaloes' I sculls,
sldji ;anps, pots and -pottery, sledges
and, suspended on poles, erected some
tvnijfotabove the doors of their wig
wobipiare displayed in a pleasant day the
scalps of warriors preserved as trophies,
fnl hlh'tr: JpErts are raised.on poles' the war
riorsfpbrci and whitened shield and qui v
refsl"w' Mritn 1 medicine-bags' attached ; and
J here ! alfid there a sacrifice of red cloth, or
XtiLi uL'if:; :r;-: frroaf
ritvlto dfthr- nf sorrie beiirtiant
cii(cjs jVonnguous 10 ine, vniage are a
hpdidjaiTolds
upj-iht pWson which their Jdeadare
placd;:ihjlthi
iTlepa!nianjme
b'fj JoNg plaifie-grass thatched overr poles,
Ayhjicjiafe fastened in the ground and bent
n at!the?t)p7gi ving them adistahce
thq apjieatance of bee-hiyes.f;iJWhere the
buff4lbb$ pre; bumerbus the skins are the
matcria!semp!6yed ; and. in air cases the
d iife fencei of style ;or material is the re
sult of natural causes, iust as formcrlv in
the woodland parts of England timber
dwelling prevailed, while -in the cham
paign bthier materials were- used ;; and as
the fralvbller in a long day's journey;Twili
pass thrjough districts where the'eottages
(thfii truest criterion) are f in one tract
thatched, In the next perhaps covered with
tiles;; in aijother with blue slate, ahdin a
fourth with a slate "of quite another: kind.r
- h' :rb- -o- 5.
- ,Thc receipts on the canals of New York for
the season Liust closed. were Jja.oouA'UU,
TLero are nine thousand three hundred and
seventy ri!t anJ
in the Um States.
v linn miie ui iviiu xvuujj
. . 'f C T:i T, J
pesiiu.on janese iimpers were as many
rnorcibQuUwe4V-pve foet in height,
which1 jivere inclined at an angle of fortv-
Kcr.r a rnrxx rrox all ycje.
is safe." ; -
-
; SAMSBWRN. -,
West of flic IlocKy TXouutaius.
: rnox- the kxan toek courier axd .ssqukxrij.
. V LIEUT, FREMONT'S EXPEblTION.' , r --
; The recent expeditforTof .Lieut. Fremont to
t -
the region westiof the Rocky mountains, besides
being one of tile most hazardous and Jadventu-
rouVexploits of th daypromises to add cssen-4
iiaiyr 10 our Knowieuge 01 uiuu va&v ui.u uuinji'
tant :regIon;vUli Report .M'nyVe.enlpubV
iishedf lhcugh ivo iearn thatihe is; closelycn-
gaged. in its preparation. It ! will ; be quite :Vo-
Options of the country through which hess
. f t - I . 1 - : ? - : f . : ;
niminniia finn fviti nnnrq n mnna nnn iiiii"fi-t
; ;IVo find, Tm6ani ime, arnoog the! documents
which accompanied the Message of the Acting
President, in tlie. report from the Tbphographi
cal Bureau tothe WarDepartmeni, an outline
of his route and some indications of the nature
and ; importance of the explorations which he
niade He lerj Westportthe frontier town of
Missouri, June 1, 1843, proceeded o tho mouth
of the Kansas river, and thence up the Rpub'
lican. f In.coi sec uencc of the many impedi
ments offered i o his progress by the swollen,
state of the rijerj he divided tieparty, leaving
Mr. Fitzpatric; with twenty .'seven men and the
Heavier baggage, and proceeded himself, with
fifteen men an a two carriages, through a j-tile
and well-watered country, to the upper vyatcrs
of the Republican, from which he crossed to the
south fork of th.e Platte, or Nebraska, and reach
ed St. Vrain's Fortunder -Long's peak, on the
4th of July. The height of this peak a shoot
from the Rocky fountains, named; after (Capt.
Long- is stated at 12,500 feet. Thence Lieut.
Fremont continued along the mountains south
ward, and arrived July 14th on the Arkansas
"river, at the mouth ofthe " Fontaine qui bouit."
-Surveying this) river, and remaining a -day at
to its head, and again reached St. Train's Fort
on the 23d, meeting Mr. Fitzpatrick, who had
arrived on the! 14th, and had spent, the time in
refittins. " j ' 1 ,'- -I-
i !
The party again divided and resumed their
routes on the &0th, Lieutenant F. crossing the
broad plain which extends from the river to the
foot of the mountains, passed through the chain
into the Loramiej plains, and encamped in the
Sweet. water Valley " on the Utk of August.
Thence, crossing the mountains by the South
Pass, he descended -into the valley of thcliColo-
rado, in theyrhhed$te vicinity of Jtho;hrada-J
Missouri, tho 'Xrkansas, which joins th'e.Mississ-
ippi, Lewis s ilver, which flows into the Colum
bia, aridthe Colorado, which rolls into theSouth
Pacific Ocean. In the midst of frozen moun
tains, he here stood upon the spot which waters
a great part c f the North American continent.
On the third 6f September he reached the great
Salt Lake," at the outlet of Bear river, and
spent a week in' exploring the northern portion
of this inland sea. No survey of it had ever
before been madenone of its islands visited, no
astronomical observations madeand, in short,
nothing beyond the fact of its existence had
been known. Here he remained some days,
and reached Fort Hall on the 18th of Septem
ber. Mr. Fitzpiatrick, had arrived a few days
before, and both were detained, by storms until
the 24th. On that day the journey was resum
ed, and conUnued along the Oregon road to
Boise, a posit of the Hudson Bay Company,
which he re ic hed October 9. On the 26th of
October he arrived at Fort Nez Pcrce, ion the
Columbia, a id o n the 4th of November encamp
ed at the mi isibnary station of the Dalles. He
continued his survey by water toi Fort Vancou
ver, and the 1 returned to the Dalles. I
On the 21 th iif November, in the midst of a
snow storm
he
'1 1
set out on his return. The next
day "at sunset the thermometer was two degrees
below zero. He continued to tfavel along the
western base bilthe snowy range of the cascade
mountains 1 ntil December 10, when he arrived
at Hamath Lake. Thence his codrse to the south
and east w4s continually obstructed by parallel
ranges of mountains covered wjth snow!, range
after range of which he crossed until bis am
mals gave 6ut
and his further progress eastward
1 f
was stopped
This region is orie of extraordi.
nary mtereit,
aving never been traversed
and his anuria
being entirely unable to proceed
further in that
irection, he determined o cross
bniian mountains, called the
the great Cal
" Sierra Mirads .,,,r which lay between' hini and
the bay of htnl Francisco. ; r All the month of
Februarywas occupied in crbs;singithem, the
snbw beirii from fite twenty feet dpi&'.Earr
ly iti; March he descended from these icy regions
to the perpitui spring of the valley pftfie Sac
ramentbwjherc he was entertained with great
f hospitality by some Mexican gentlemerj. rhey
remained Jherel about ten weeks, and tften pro
ceeded to the Galley of the Joaquim river, re.
crossing the Sierra at a very bautifulf pass , to
the sniithrl 6ri the 21st of April they struck the
Spanish trail from Puebla do los ngclds to San:
ta Fe, and I continued their : jouraey along the
rough; 'winding! and difBcuIt road, until arriving
"at the mouhtaiifTof the; Colorado,'; where Hhey
turned to thfc northeast, and encamped af Brown's
Hole June M844.;, Then crossing the Colo-
rado, they j-eached the itocisy .uouniains oy .way
of the Yampa, river.: crossings tne ridge v near
f 1a IiaivI Al
thp iiver, they ascended the north
-V' vu
fork of thd Xcbraska'to the 'cw. ran;
re-
7f n'l. Herri on.
BBRU'ARY.;8,-:.1845.-
crossed the mountains to the Old.Parki arid then
pursued. .a'corifehient. pass into a lower gap, of
tEo mbiinjains ? 6a;the 30th 'pf ;Juoe ; they,
reached !the XrkaksaV;- on the 2d ot July they
rested at Cent's Fort; and again' started on the
5th ; continuing down the Arkansas crossing to
?mbky Hill fork of the Kansas- following that
stream to the ! Republican fork, and recrossing
the ridge to the Santa Fe road, they encamped
at the mouth br the Kansas cn the 31st of Jast
uhv-S.i
W -
. An inspection bf the' map will showUis 'to
bare been one of: the. longest and most difficult i
explorations of the age;- Under all circumstances-
in jthc severest weather and during lhe
utmost privations, astronomical and other obser
vations were never bmiiied ;' and a careful re
cord of the whole was" made and preservcd.-T-
The sketches of the country werd based uponi
the detemination of 190 positions by astronom
ical observations, and cannot fail to be in the
highest degree accurate, interesting, and instruc
tive. The Jlora of the country is said to be exi
ceedingly rich and varied, and ; in , this - depart
ment it is thought that the results of the journey
will justify a supplementary volume to Michaux's
Sylva American. The expedition is regarded
as having been" in the highest degree success
ful, and jwe look forward to the. publication of
Lieutenant Fremont's report with great interest.
The head of the Topographical Bureau thinks
that another expedition would be highly , useful
to complete the iirvey, t and suggests that it
should leave the frontier by the 1st of March, in
brder to! return to the United States the same
year.
V"1-
OPERATIONS IN THE IMPROVEMENT
OF
-1 : WESTERN RIVERS. ,
The boats of the United States employed in
the removal of anags and other obstructions in
the Western waters are now in successful op-
S ration, and it is a, matter ofjmportance to as
ertain the effects produced. VVe have before
us the statistics cf their operations for the last
fifteen months, and we are surprised at the mag.
nitude of the results. -The quantity of snaes
removed and the number of trees felled on the
banks in fifteen months arc as follows :
Snags 13,250
Roots, logs, and stumps, 16,498
Slumps and roots blasted 974
Impending trees removed 50,019
jTotal,
89,732
No language an escribe better than these
$hatistic$ .do the vast numberof obstructions and
anger onjthe . Western : waters, the necessity
of Government action to remove them, and the
Indefatigable labors of the United States officers
n this useful but not very brilliant service.
These tables relate only to the snag business
pelow the Falls of the Ohio and on the rivers
eyond.
The improvements in progress 011 the Upper
Ohio ai- of alifferent character. There snags
are less! frequent, and the impending trees are
pearly all destroyed. The great obstacle is the
sand bars which make out from the points and
islands. ! The remedy for this is the erection of
jwing-dams whichjutting out from the shore at
(proper points, force the current into the channel,
jand thus deepen it. Captain Sanders reports
twenty-seven wing-dams now in course of con
struction. ,Tho one at Meigs island, between
jSteubenville and Wheeling, is completed and
'entirely' successful. The dam at Captina island
has been increasing and deepening the channel.
jThe dam at Trap is successful in deepening the
channel at White Ripple - VVe therefore con
clude that, when the improvements on the Up7
'per Ohio are complete, the navigation will be
open at all seasons.
From thb retrospect we have given above it .
will be seen that the great work of improving
Western waters is fairly begun, and it is only
necessary for Congress to keep a consistent
course to accomplish a most beneficial wrork for
Western commerce. Cincinnati Chronicle.
Agrarianism. Among the petitions present-
ed to the Senate of New York, was one from
a public meeting held at Croton Hall, in the city
of New York, praying tor an act to put an end
to land monopoly, and that no man or woman be
licreafler permitted to hold more land than is
reasonable for alsinglefarm !
The idea is a good one but not quite equal
to the views expressed by a sailor, during a
nautical row in New York during the " long
embargo.'.'; i4What do you want, my good fel
lows ?' asked the Mayor of the city, in a depre.
eating tone1.;;.- ;':'" ' ' -
Wantl" exclaimed the spokesman, an old
weather-beaten tar, about three sheets in the
wind we want our rights. No lard.lub.
. ber should be allowed to live on a fried halibut,
4 sea-pieV and t soft tommy, while poor Jack is
4 starving on mouldy biscuit and salt junk. - VVe 1
" 1 . " ' ii- r T 1
we warn an equaiuivision oi property auu pxo-
!4TisionsJ" - ... .
.My friend," exclaimed a sedate and portly
looking Alderman, i, if -we should comply, with
4 your demandsand make an equal division of
4 all property ia less than a month you would be
4 as destitute as ever.,,-i - ,
I f,4 Perhaps so'vreplied the old tar, with a sly
fl l;f- 1T:J Li. n nrl 1i-.j trill
divide tigam." 1- -T Boston Journal;
H - f
y. Adkatitages of AdvcrtUing.Vfo know
ofa' man who, advertised a runaway wifo
and theverynext day she' came back and
beat him almcttodealthyrCTerJSc.
NUMBER' 41 OF VOLUME I.
V V f JOSEPH BONAPARTE. ? '
: ; -A mong the occurrences, which, in taking
a retrospect of the past year, seems to de
mand seme more notice, than in the hurry
"of . the v hour .was awarded - to it . in this
cpuntryi isvthe deth - of- the. eminent per
sonage mentioned at the head of this ox
ticle. c ;K t-- nv ; ! " .r -lh
Joseph! Bonaparte, or -as he Vvas knoyn
among us, Oount JSufviUters, passeu so ma
fnv vears an exile in'ourcountrvl and wen
f during, those yearsso mueh: respect arid t
kindlv: feelimr: bv ' his . eondnf.. thtr w
have. thotkrht it imiirht not hi. iinintrpf-
ing'to our readersasrit seems: in some
measure 'due to the memory ; of one ; who
is freshlyremembered; by j many warm
friends among us, to- have a; brief notice
of his life 'and death. -j .0. K
Joseph; the elder--brother of -Napoleon
and through lifej his" most intimate friend
was born in Corsia in 1-7C3. .;H)e was, to-
crether vv ith Nanoleon. educated at Autun.
S- ... Jh . .-. . .... - . . .
where the tendency . of 'their; respective
tastes and'eharacfert developed itself, by
their preference! of, or. excellence? in par-'
ticular studiesr-Josppb, the man of letters
and of peace, doing for his soldier-brother
his Latin and Gtieelverses Vf whilethe fu
ture conqueror studied CajsarLand Alex
ander, and helped his brother in . the ma
thematics. . '" '''-.' r;
Elected a deputy from Ajaccio to the
Corsican assembly In 1790, hn ; ardently
embraced the principles of the French Re
volution, which lie- cherished to his death
He was, speculatively, always a friend of
freedom, and though the crown of two na
tions had graced his brow,: and two others
tendered to: him one in this .our new
.world were set aside by him he: did not
in power forgetj so far as he was free to
act, his early pledges. r
- His - career ii France was rapid and
brilliant. In 179D;he was the French Am-;
bassador at Rome- subsequently a mem
ber of the Council 'of Five Hundred; and
in 1800 a Councillor of State, in which ca
pacity he, together with Itoedcrcr, conclu
ded a commercial treaty between France
and the United $tates. He was the Plen
ipotentiary who signed the treaty of Lune
ville which gave peace to the continent in
1 801 and the treaty of peace with Eng
land 'at "Amiens in 1802. - r
When the Empire arose. Napoleon be
ing without - male issue, Joseph . anoV his
brother Louis, and their descendants, were
Ibdked to as the successors .of the Empe
ror J.and thn it j was th$t Napoleon first
required that Joseph, so; distinguished in
civfl and diplomatic lifo; should put on the
harness of the soldier. . He insisted that
i one to whom the succession might ; fall,
should be versed in military, as well as m
civil conduct, ah I accordingly Joseph be
came Colonel of x regiment in the famous
camp of Boulogne. ' . -.
While there the crown of Lombardy
was offered to him, but he refused it be
cause the Emperor made it a condition of
acceptance, that he should renounce his
claim to the succession of the empire, and
moreover, that he should pay an annual
tribute to France.
In 1806, at the head of an army of 40,
000 men, he was commissioned to over
throw the English and Russian domina-
tion in Naples, and the throne of Queen
Caroline. He easily and rapidly effected
the conquest, and! his own brow bore the
crown which he had conquered. His brief
reign of two yeajrs wasa succession of
benefits to a people who. had been long
degraded by a mbst oppressive despotism.
He founded civil and military schools
some of which yet exist overthrew feu-'
dal privileges suppressed the convents
opened new roads- caused the Lazza
roni of Naples to work and be paid
drained marshes- -and jevery who re ani
mated with new life and hope a people
long sunk in abject servitude. Joseph was
here in his element, for he loved to do
good, "v- . i i-- ; '
From thesesc nes so congenial to him,
he was called bv the Emneror in 1808. to
j Bayonne, and there lh(T crown of Spain
was forced upon him. In his new sphere
he 'strove to adheire to his previous course,
and by mildness iind persuasion and ben
efits conferred. toj concijiate the affection
to Spain, if e even besought the .EmpeV
ror to withdraw! all ; the French troop?,
trusting bykfranfc; and loyal conduct to-i
wards the bpaniards to obtain their con
fidence and support. . rHis request yas ac
ceded to, and th; hatred and Jealousy of
foreigners, which mark the Spanish cha
racter," exasperated by the clergy and en
couraged by the presence of a large Eng
lish army, rende -ed-all Joseph's efforts for
peaceful success , , such as he t had iiccom
plished in -Naples, impossible. lie was
obliged " to be the soldier, and although
worsted in the nvent, he gaye- in the vari
ous battle-fields lvhere he wasprcsent.de
cisive indication otcourage and conducts
Wearied with a fruitless struggle, which
promised no opportunity for the exercise
of the ' kindly plans he alone-desired-to
carry out in f his new kingdom, he v wrote
to the Emperor, On the 23J of March1 81 2
from Madrid eariiestly asking permission
to"-resign the crown that four years;be
fore, had been imposed upon him. ; -
In that letter (ie says : ' I hayedohe no
goodand have ricrhope of dolng.anv Jin
accepting the crown I had no other object
in view than the' promotion of the happi
ness nf this lnrrpAt Tnnnnrehv' It lias not
bpn in mv nmvrr "tn accoinnlish , it. . I
.'7 - J K . 7 V. : '
1
i 1
in:::
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veil;1, r !
her cf
1 . 1
bt:t t!i" ov r,vi it
adversary ituIm ,
thc
ncpeie.s5. i 1 rum itheim:3 c:i the in
0 v
From llheiiri j c:i the.
Harch, ISM, he wrote to Jooph.to -wl. . ,
on leaving. Paris, he confided tho-deforce'
of thexrapital, and. the care of iho Kr...
prcsi and her son recalling to - him, a:: "
renewing his verbal instruction not to per
mit either -Marie, Ijoirisc or the King, cf
Rbnie to fall into the hands, of the enemy.
In this letter he says emphatically" Qui:
.. not fny so:i, and remember, I would rather;
knojv him to be in 'the Seine, than in thV
I hands of the enemies of France. " The for
tune of Atyancx, prisoner of the Greeks''
haSjalways appcaredto be the moot n:ei
has;aivajs appcared to be the nw.-.
ancholy tort ure. recorded In h hi o r y.
m X jhisuener. determined Jbscpii to .v:.a
off the Empress and her son, and the m-xr.
day !he followed them, a course for which
he lias, been miich reproached, as hasten
ing ho:falLorPaiLV.:;Triat fall, however,
was! inevitableand the, chances of delay
ing It a! few hours,-was not weighed by
Joseph against' the sacred" Idelity with
which he; resolved to execute thb lEmpe
ror'a injunctions about his fomlly. ;
'.V After the abdication of Napoleon, Jp
seph retired to Lausanne, Soon thee vchu
of; the hundred days found him agai 11 i iv
Parfe, atd .ojain deeply trusted by UU bro-'
then" liVlaumemoir of icseph. by tbc Vri-
rsonqr ofllam, his n ephe w: Louis Na pol eoii
11, ISirrmLpw iuiit,ujKJn, uirsugguaiiuii, in-
pblepn:fiebtja conJuUial person,tb Pbzz(
ditDjorAlieh the soul of theallicd coun
cils opposed to him. bearing ficc millions
of francs; and proiaises of high prqmot ioii
if hv would" espouse the French. cause,
and j thro vvdiscofdambng rthc "coalesced
pone'rs. ;lThe oiler was too late." V I hayV
jUst Ieit the Congress,? Pbzzod t Borgo i k
reported to have said, vvherc 1 employed
all Jnat I possess -ofelbquence and -iiillu-;
encltbXTeimate; the coalitioCagalnslf
the Emperor I cannot recall what is past
khbuld dest roy mscl Cvi thout sery i rig
himf-Ohl that y;bu had comca feY hours
sooner iKHi-i,' p'piyl ) :
t Mith thefindhfall tof. Napolcoh,
Jose phs j publict caree-terminated. IJo
came to tms country and estatxlishctiJnm
self at Point Breeze, bn theDelaware-i-
lt ving; thfe li fe of aeiuleman -9? accom .
plisiededucatibn refinedastcand liber
athjopitaHtyyV he i
still hoped after be dtediandhilehis
sohstill- liyed yet did he; continue to hope
riwid when tferc volution J ori830 burst j
tOTt injParis, headdress
an eloquent Protest to the.Chamber of De-:
puties ag.ainst their, assuming to ' place on '
anv other family ihaiihat of Bonaparte, ;
Napoleon said heA was fcal led to the
ihroneiby three millions live hundred thou-
andjvbtes--if' the nation thinks right 't
piajkc another choice", it lias' the right butr
jfrtilorieJl' Na poleon II.. was proclaimed by
jthej C bambers i n 1 8 1 5, - wh ich: ; re cogn izettv
n tihiglit conferred- bylhcjNation 1
acqeptpjforW
cussed (jyth'at Chamber!, which was rude- i
ly disblyedby foreibnets." 4;The
ldtestivfasanheededieybung
of the Bourbons was placed on the thrbnp;
and still as -under thd .elder branch, tho
name and family of Bonaparte were pro
scribenfrbm ihe soillbf France. - v
ij I Abandoning thenceforth, not his inter-:
.pit ibrjithe bnorah4' welfare of :Francc,l
,blu)I'PbcYatIbd: of being- permitted fb
contribuj thereto himsel A" he passed' his ir
days in tranquil philosophy; 6ii the' banks 1
of the'DIaware It was in . this retire 5
ment thait a deputation of leading, men
fromiMejxico spught himutand - tender
ed to hini a crown in the' hew world, which ;
without hesitation he put aside. ; In 1 830
family a Tairs required his presence in Eii
ropic1.' In 1 840, an attack of apoplexy emote
hisprevohsly vigorous health and fine fa-.
culties; jand languishing from the effects
Of that, And finally permitcd, v '- V I j
Ah old tnan, broken Jmtbb storms vf State; j H
to yisit Florence,. in the hone .of beifefit
from its jgcnial climate, Ue there breathed i
his last-4-with h is latest brc ath i i n vok i n rr i
bleisfsi ngi on , that counf.ryvhiclr hud re-;-ward
ed his se rvices with t wen ty- nine ye ark
of f xiIcJ.,-.jiy&:X r ! : ::
. lh thli country Josepli .wanbwn only '
by I bene actions! ;)funos amiable, und
cotjrtcbbs mannersvj withadniirablc;con-! ;
vcrsatwaapWers which hwas fond bf '
lndiilgtn'nd-wiihou prcten-.i:
siotis with . which his career might have in-1
spired jaunindHess , eyenlypalanced lie
moycdi aimong us'aiWelbbreajgentlemnu,;
a kind aid ge ja- i
"jceabW'ndnstfd
nian of headand heart unspoiled by:tlioi
loftiest onorsjof theworld; aridlinsoured !
by its rcyierses Z C4 CJ:va5:S'". : J : r V
It wasi purlhappihessto know, him
someJptimacy and 'itis a; mclanohol vi
Krauucujiiun inus 10 recau nis image, arm;
like a faithful chronicler, to V speak of um j
as hVwis" W.Y.-Amcrt V r , : ;
TJL grcti dne Jim I ybt pollytics ij dat
vine creeping all about daro V ;
-vGosh-Sambo,-you ax scrimptuou3 rt'jos
tibn; dis- morning. Gu3 it raay be - a d; m.
rnykratl? : ;.;'' 1
A-Fo.'V . - 7 I
;-4.Vig,!den.,! -1
44 Not lat, neither, Jim., .It'i ncutra! kisc
do't boj ;'UV;ai:.ycietf'--rl'ah I 'yaf
cotcFjbu dis time, snowball!? ;-. T' ;!
V As a gjood antidote fo gloomy anticipations,
wej should all do well to recollect t!;e 'saying of
Sir Thomas Jlorc- ; ; :
i-- Jl . Ifftfils come not then or frars ar? vain : ; r
And if they do -fear but ougmenis t'e jiain." : . .
j The less notice we take of the unkind::'-'
anb injuries that arc done u, the ri is wcc.i.'
suit the fj'iict cf cur mmd.-., . . .
h 1
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